专题09 晨读晚默之高考概要写作实验研究报告类（猜押宝典）（上海专用）2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲练测

猜押专题09 高考概要写作之实验研究报告类 专题剖析上海高考英语作文命题趋势与应对策略，核心价值在于将抽象的写作要求转化为可操作的分析框架和备考路径。适用于高三师生进行专题复习与精准训练，其亮点在于紧密贴合新课标导向，深度结合命题规律，从“考查什么”、“如何考查”到“如何备考”提供了逻辑清晰的完整解决方案，助力考生在掌握格式基础上，提升思维与语用的核心竞争力。 专题依据新课程标准与高考命题新要求，聚焦核心考查方向，适配“思维品质提升、语篇逻辑深化、话题贴近生活”的命题导向，结合近年一模二模及真题规律，明确写作分类、命题特征及猜押重点，助力考生精准备考。 一、题型总纲领 体 裁 高考概要写作之实验研究报告类 结构特点 客观严谨，以研究背景→实验过程→数据结果→结论 / 启示为固定脉络 考查核心 · 精准抓取研究目的、方法、结果、结论四大要素，语言简洁客观 二、命题聚焦 ① 提炼实验核心信息，不添加主观观点 ② 用 30 词左右概括全文逻辑链 ③ 保留因果、对比、数据结论等关键逻辑 三、语篇核心特征 结构逻辑 ① 线性清晰：目的→过程→结果→结论 / 建议② 信息主次分明：结论最重要，过程可简化 语言特点 ① 客观正式，多用被动、名词化结构② 逻辑衔接紧密：show/suggest/indicate/therefore/however 高频 四、通用写作逻辑 研究主题 + 实验方法 + 关键结果 + 研究结论 / 启示（句式：A study aimed to… By doing…, researchers found that… Thus, it suggests that…） 六、备考启示 1. 抓首尾段与段首句，快速定位结论与目的 2. 简化实验细节，保留变量、结果、结论三要素 3. 用同义替换 + 逻辑连接压缩原文，不照搬原句 01：课堂典例 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Kangaroos can “talk” to us Kangaroos can “talk” to people, according to a new study. The report is the first research of its kind to be done on marsupials—a type of creature whose young get carried in skin pockets on their mother’s body. It suggests kangaroos are cleverer than previously thought. Researchers from the University of Roehampton in the UK and the University of Sydney in Australia tested kangaroos at the Australian Reptile (爬行动物) Park, Wildlife Sydney Zoo and Kangaroo Protection Co-operative. The scientists put food in a box that the kangaroos could not open, and waited to see what the animals would do. Rather than giving up, 10 out of the 11 kangaroos actively looked at the person who had put the food in the box and then looked at the box. The researchers said this could be interpreted as the kangaroos requesting help to open the container. Dr Alexandra Green, a co-author of the study, told The Guardian newspaper that some of the kangaroos actually approached the person and started scratching (挠) and sniffing (嗅) him, then looked back at the box. “So they were really trying to communicate,” Green said. This behaviour is not uncommon in animals. However, it is usually only seen in domesticated animals, such as pets or farm animals. The lead author of the study, Dr Alan McElligott, explained, “Through this study, we were able to see that communication between creatures can be learnt and that the behaviour of looking at humans to access food is not related to domestication. “Indeed, kangaroos showed a very similar pattern of behaviour we have seen in dogs, horses and even goats, when put to the same test,” he added. It is hoped that the study will give people a more positive attitude towards kangaroos, which are sometimes seen as harmful creatures that damage farmers’ crops. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，事实证明袋鼠比我们想象的更聪明，它们有能力与人类交流。在测试中，面对难以接近的食物，袋鼠和驯养的动物一样，会求助于使用肢体语言的人。这些发现刷新了科学家对袋鼠行为的理解，可能改善了我们对袋鼠的认知。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文为 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构。首段提出新研究表明袋鼠能 “与人交流”，且比之前认为的更聪明。中间两段详细描述研究过程及袋鼠的行为表现，说明袋鼠这种交流行为并非仅存于家养动物。尾段指出希望该研究能让人们对袋鼠有更积极的态度。 第1段：引出研究发现——袋鼠能够与人类“交流”。 第2段：描述实验过程及结果，袋鼠通过眼神交流请求帮助。 第3段：研究者对袋鼠行为的解释，强调这种行为并非仅限于家养动物。 第4段：总结研究的意义，希望改变人们对袋鼠的看法。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1.研究发现 ①kangaroos，talk to people，marsupials 2.实验过程 ②University of Roehampton，Australian Reptile Park，food in a box 3.研究者解释 ③Alexandra Green，scratching，sniffing，domestication 4.总结意义 ④positive attitude，harmful creatures 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第1段：A new study shows that kangaroos can “talk” to humans. （一项新研究表明袋鼠能够与人类“交流”。） 第2段：Researchers tested kangaroos with a food box they couldn’t open, and the animals looked at humans for help. （研究人员用一个袋鼠无法打开的盒子测试袋鼠，袋鼠会看向人类寻求帮助。） 第3段：The study shows that this kind of communication is not just seen in domesticated animals. （研究表明这种交流行为并非仅限于家养动物。） 第4段：The study aims to change people’s negative views of kangaroos. （该研究旨在改变人们对袋鼠的负面看法。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 用 “and” 连接关于研究性质和袋鼠聪明程度的表述。用 “Most” 具体说明袋鼠的行为比例。用 “Similar to” 引出与其他动物行为的相似性。最后用 “The study hopes” 表明研究目的。 概要写作答案（60词左右） 01：A new study shows kangaroos can communicate with humans, suggesting they are more intelligent than previously thought. Researchers tested kangaroos by putting food in an unopenable box. Most kangaroos looked at the person and box and some showed clear communication attempts, seemingly asking for help., similar to domesticated animals like dogs and horses.The study hopes to help people view kangaroos more positively. （62words） 02：A new study shows that kangaroos can “talk” to humans. Researchers tested kangaroos with a food box they couldn’t open, and the animals looked at humans for help. The study shows that this kind of communication is not just seen in domesticated animals. The study aims to change people’s negative views of kangaroos. （59words） 02：晨读晚默素材 实战演练1 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use you own words as far as possible. Younger generations fall for the quiet charms of public library A November report by the American Library Association (ALA), drawing on research and a 2022 survey, found that younger generations use public libraries both in person and on line — at higher rates than older generations. More than half of the 2,075 respondents had visited a library within the past year. Interestingly, not all were bookworms: 43% of them don’t identify as readers, yet about half of these non-readers still visited their local library. Libraries have never been just about books.They are community centers — places to connect, create, and discover. For an extremely online generation facing a “loneliness crisis,” libraries are increasingly social spaces too. “We traditionally think of libraries as very quiet...,” said Rachel Noorda, co-author of the ALA report. “It’s a place to be solitary,but also a place to build community.” Talk to any young person and they’ll likely mention the idea of the “third place” — a term from sociology that has become social-media shorthand for spaces beyond home and work where people can gather freely. Younger generations know they lack many of these spaces their parents enjoyed, as the boundaries between home and work fade. Libraries may be one of the few remaining places that ask nothing of them. Yet even as young people rediscover libraries, these institutions and their workers face growing threats. In 2023, New York City mayor Eric Adams cut library funding; in Idaho, new legislation seeks to restrict materials for minors, and in Missouri, Republicans attempted to eliminate all state library funding. Still, there is hope. Emily Drabinski, president of the ALA, notes that most Americans oppose book bans and continue to hold librarians in high regard. “Most people love the library,” she said. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Researches show that public libraries hold a strong appeal for young people, though some state governments reduce support for their growth. In fact, libraries nowadays function as community centers where people read, do research and socialize with each other. Libraries are also a place for those who want to find personal spaces. In short, libraries are irreplaceable/important in people’s life. (60 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，研究发现公共图书馆对年轻人有强大吸引力，尽管一些州政府削减对其发展的支持。实际上，如今的图书馆是人们阅读、研究和社交的社区中心，也是寻求个人空间者的理想之地。简言之，图书馆在人们生活中不可或缺。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①A November report by the American Library Association (ALA), drawing on research and a 2022 survey, found that younger generations use public libraries both in person and on line — at higher rates than older generations. ②Libraries have never been just about books.They are community centers — places to connect, create, and discover. ③Libraries may be one of the few remaining places that ask nothing of them. ④Yet even as young people rediscover libraries, these institutions and their workers face growing threats. Still, there is hope. Most people love the library. 2.缜密构思 第1、4两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Studies indicate that public libraries are highly attractive to the younger generation, despite the fact that some state governments are cutting back on their support for library development. In reality, libraries nowadays serve as community hubs where individuals can read, conduct research, and interact with one another. Moreover, libraries offer a personal space for those in search of it. In brief, libraries play an indispensable role in people's lives. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 Researches show that public libraries hold a strong appeal for young people, though some state governments reduce support for their growth. 运用that引导宾语从句以及though引导让步状语从句对原文第一段和第四段进行了概括。 【高分句型2】 In fact, libraries nowadays function as community centers where people read, do research and socialize with each other. 用where引导定语从句对第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 实战演练2 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Aging Chimpanzees Prefer Smaller, Closer Social Circles Many things happen when people are ageing. Apart from the greying hair and wrinkled skin, there is an emotional change which comes with older age. When humans reach their later years, they favor more long-term friends and their social circle is reduced. Now, for what appears to be the first time, scientists have seen the same behavior in another species. Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees reveal that older males choose to keep contact with their established friends at the expense of other relationships. The researchers studied 78,000 hours of observations made between 1996 and 2016 that followed the social interactions of 21 male chimpanzees between the ages of 15 and 58 years old. They classified the chimps’ relationships depending on the amount of time they sat with others and groomed (梳毛) them. They then rated the various pairings as mutual friendships, where both chimps seemed to enjoy the relationship; one-sided friendships, where one chimp was more keen to be friends than the other; and non-friendships, where neither chimp showed interest in the other. When the scientists looked at the patterns of friendships, they found that the older chimps had more mutual friendships and fewer one-sided friendships than younger chimps. Another feature seen in older humans was also spotted in the chimps. As the males got older, their levels of aggression gradually become less, meaning they started fewer fights and tended to threaten others in their group less often. The observations have left the researchers puzzled. According to an idea in psychology known as socio-emotional selectivity theory, older humans prefer more positive relationships because they are aware that time is running out. However, many animal experts argue that chimpanzees lack the human sense of mortality (死亡), suggesting something else is driving the behavior. Robin Dunbar, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, said in humans, the decrease in social circles with age is due to declining social motivation to get out and meet people combined by lack of opportunity. In chimpanzees, as older males compete less for mates, they may focus on close, reciprocal (互惠的) relationships with trusted partners, he said. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A long-term study reveals that older male chimpanzees, like aging humans, prefer smaller but established social circles. They develop more mutual friendships and show less aggression with age. This parallels human aging patterns, though the reason remains unclear since chimps likely lack human awareness of mortality. Researchers suggest it may relate to reduced competition for mates. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项长期研究，发现老年雄性黑猩猩和人类一样，更喜欢更小、稳定的社交圈，拥有更多双向友谊且攻击性更低，该现象与人类衰老模式相似，但原因尚不明确。 【详解】要点摘录 1. When humans reach their later years, they favor more long-term friends and their social circle is reduced. 2.Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees reveal that older males choose to keep contact with their established friends at the expense of other relationships. 3. As the males got older, their levels of aggression gradually become less, meaning they started fewer fights and tended to threaten others in their group less often. 4. However, many animal experts argue that chimpanzees lack the human sense of mortality (死亡), suggesting something else is driving the behavior. 5.  In chimpanzees, as older males compete less for mates, they may focus on close, reciprocal (互惠的) relationships with trusted partners, he said. 缜密构思 将要点1（人类老年时的社交特征）与要点2（黑猩猩的长期观察结论）整合，提炼研究核心发现——老年雄性黑猩猩与老年人类有相似社交行为；要点3梳理老年黑猩猩相较于年轻黑猩猩的具体社交和行为差异；要点4说明黑猩猩该行为的原因尚不明确及相关依据；要点5补充研究者Robin Dunbar对该行为原因的推测，整体按照“人类特征—黑猩猩核心发现—黑猩猩具体表现—原因不明—专家推测”的逻辑整合，贴合原文研究脉络。 遣词造句 A long-term study finds that older male chimpanzees prefer smaller and fixed social circles like aging humans. They have more mutual friendships and become less aggressive as they get older. This is like human aging patterns, but the reason is not clear as chimps may not know they will die. Researchers guess it may be because they compete less for mates. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A long-term study reveals that older male chimpanzees, like aging humans, prefer smaller but established social circles. (运用that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] This parallels human aging patterns, though the reason remains unclear since chimps likely lack human awareness of mortality. (运用though引导让步状语从句和since引导原因状语从句) 实战演练3 Tai Chi Can Reduce Falls in Old People Old people who took part in a structured programme of Tai Chi found that their balance and physical strength improved, reducing the risk of falls, according to a paper in the latest Journal of Advanced Nursing. Researchers studied a group of fall-prone (易摔跤的) adults, with an average age of 78, living in residential care. 29 people undertook a 12-week Tai Chi programme and the other 30 formed the non-exercise control group. The exercise programme consisted of 10 minutes of warming-up exercises, 20 minutes of Sun-style Tai Chi movement and 5 minutes of cooling down exercises. During the exercise, traditional instrumental music was used. It helped the group maintain slow and continuous movements and provide a comforting effect. Both groups underwent a series of tests before and after the 12-week exercise programme. They measured their muscle strength, balance and confidence in avoiding falls. Researchers analyzed the data and compared them with those of the non-exercise control group. They found that the physical fitness of the exercise group showed significant improvement, with stronger knee and ankle muscles, improved flexibility and better balance. Tai Chi, an ancient Chinese martial art (武术), consists of a series of slow, gentle, continuous movements. It is particularly suitable for old people as it helps them to develop stronger muscles and better balance and concentration. “Our study shows that low-intensity exercise such as Tai Chi has great potential for health promotion. It can help old people to avoid falls by developing their balance, muscle strength and confidence,” says Professor Song. “We believe that regular exercise should be a fundamental part of caring for old people living both in the community and in residential care.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A structured Tai Chi program can help old people avoid falls. Researchers divided 59 fall-prone adults aged 78 on average into two groups. The exercise group receiving 12-week Tai Chi programs showed remarkable improvement in muscles, flexibility and balance compared with the non-exercise group. Researchers suggest old people should practice Tai Chi to promote health. 【解析】 本文是一篇实验报告类说明文。文章介绍说，练习太极拳可以帮助老年人避免跌倒。在一项研究中，研究人员将平均年龄为78岁的老人分为两组，一组参加为期12周的太极拳锻炼，另一组不参加。研究结果表明，参加太极拳锻炼的那一组在肌肉、柔韧性和平衡方面有显著改善。研究人员建议老年人应该练习太极来促进健康。 实战演练4 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Sweetness: The Silent Killer in Disguise Imagine starting your day with a flavored yogurt, sipping soda at lunch, and ending with a “healthy” granola bar. You’d be shocked to learn these daily choices may contain over 50g of added sugar — far exceeding the WHO’s recommended 25g limit. This unconscious intake is just the first step toward a chain of health risks, as excessive sugar disrupts our bodies in ways we often ignore. Sugar’s most immediate threat lies in its metabolic disruption. When consumed in excess, fructose (果糖) overloads the liver, converting into fat and triggering insulin (胰岛素) resistance. This process not only raises blood sugar levels but also lays the groundwork for type 2 diabetes, as confirmed by Harvard research linking high-sugar diets to a 26% higher diabetes risk. Beyond metabolism, sugar wages war on the heart. A study in JAMA Internal Medicine revealed that adults consuming 25% of calories from sugar faced three times the risk of heart-related death. Sugar irritates blood vessels, raises “bad” cholesterol (LDL), and speeds up artery hardening. Research from the University of California shows that drinking just one sugary drink daily increases heart disease risk by 20%. New research shows how sugar harms the brain. UCLA studies found that diets high in sugar make the hippocampus smaller, which weakens memory and learning. Sugar addiction works like drug addiction, causing strong sugar cravings that take over clear thinking. A 2025 Neuroscience study found that sugar consumption potentially causes memory problems, restlessness and shorter attention spans. Breaking free requires mindful choices: check labels for hidden sugars, replace sodas with flavored water, and enjoy fruits’ natural sweetness. Simple changes, such as picking dark chocolate over candy, can help. Every spoonful of sugar is a decision — choose wisely for your health’s future. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Hidden sugars in daily food exceed health limits, posing severe health risks. It disrupts metabolism, increasing diabetes risk through insulin resistance. Sugar also dramatically increases heart disease risk by damaging blood vessels and raising cholesterol. Furthermore, it harms brain function, weakening cognitive capacity by shrinking hippocampus and causing addiction. Mindful dietary choices are essential to reduce sugar intake. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了日常食物中隐藏的糖分超出健康限度，会带来严重的健康风险。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①You’d be shocked to learn these daily choices may contain over 50g of added sugar — far exceeding the WHO’s recommended 25g limit. ②Sugar’s most immediate threat lies in its metabolic disruption. This process not only raises blood sugar levels but also lays the groundwork for type 2 diabetes. ③Beyond metabolism, sugar wages war on the heart. Sugar irritates blood vessels, raises “bad” cholesterol (LDL), and speeds up artery hardening. ④New research shows how sugar harms the brain. Sugar addiction works like drug addiction, causing strong sugar cravings that take over clear thinking. ⑤Breaking free requires mindful choices: check labels for hidden sugars, replace sodas with flavored water, and enjoy fruits’ natural sweetness. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点作为背景引入，第2、3、4个要点分别阐述糖对代谢、心脏和大脑的危害，第5个要点说明应对措施，重组为一段。 3.遣词造句 Excessive sugar intake disrupts metabolism, raising diabetes risk; harms the heart by irritating vessels and raising bad cholesterol; and damages the brain, weakening memory. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Hidden sugars in daily food exceeds health limits, posing severe health risks.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 【高分句型2】Sugar also dramatically increases heart disease risk by damaging blood vessels and raising cholesterol.运用了含有非谓语动词的句子，对原文第二、三段进行了概括。其中动名词damaging，作宾语，表达非常高级。 实战演练 5 Modifying your memory It has always been thought that memory is a recording device, its purpose being to file away and later allow us to recall everything that happens in our lives, rather like a library. When we recall a memory, we go into the brain library, take out a file, look at it and then put it back in the same place. These files may get a little dusty over the years, but they are always there and never change. However, new research shows this understanding of memory is not that accurate. What memory is has been redefined. To start with, there is no central memory bank; elements of memories are stored separately from each other so that things related to a particular meaning-the smells, sounds, emotions, physical touch, pictures, etc.-are held in different areas of the brain, and it’s only in the act of recalling that they are all brought together. It now appears that every time we recall a memory, aspects of that memory can change slightly. Memories are flexible. The parallel would be more like bringing up a file on the computer, modifying it slightly and then saving it again. This understanding has been crucial in enabling scientists to erase and replace memories in quite innovative ways. On a positive note, this is paving the way for new treatments of disorders, like depression and alcohol addiction. In a recent study, a mouse is put into a totally new, empty environment when it is depressed and refuses to move. A switch on a laser machine introduces a previous happy memory to the mouse and it runs around, satisfied, showing relaxed, normal behavior. Science fiction? No, not at all. It’s happening here and now. The impossible is fast becoming possible. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In a traditional view, memory works like a library, where everything recorded remains permanent and fixed. Now it is found that different memory elements are saved in separate brain areas and can be modified upon recall. This perception makes it possible for scientists to modify memories in creative ways, which may help treat some disorders. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们对记忆的传统认知与新研究发现的差异，阐述了记忆的新定义，并说明这一认知突破对科学治疗相关疾病的意义。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 1. It has always been thought that memory is a recording device, its purpose being to file away and later allow us to recall everything that happens in our lives, rather like a library. These files may get a little dusty over the years, but they are always there and never change. 2. New research shows this understanding of memory is not that accurate. What memory is has been redefined. 3. There is no central memory bank; elements of memories are stored separately from each other so that things related to a particular meaning-the smells, sounds, emotions, physical touch, pictures, etc.-are held in different areas of the brain, and it’s only in the act of recalling that they are all brought together. 4. Every time we recall a memory, aspects of that memory can change slightly. Memories are flexible. The parallel would be more like bringing up a file on the computer, modifying it slightly and then saving it again. 5. This understanding has been crucial in enabling scientists to erase and replace memories in quite innovative ways. 6. This is paving the way for new treatments of disorders, like depression and alcohol addiction. (A recent study on depressed mice proves this by using a previous happy memory to make the mouse show normal behavior.) 2. 缜密构思 以要点1的传统记忆观开篇，用要点2引出新研究对记忆的重新定义；整合要点3、4，阐述新研究下记忆的核心特点；衔接要点5、6，说明这一新认知对科学家修改记忆及治疗相关疾病的意义，贴合原文行文逻辑并呼应答案总结思路。 3.遣词造句 People used to regard memory as a library, where all recorded memories are permanent and remain unchanged when recalled.​ New research shows that memory elements are stored in different brain areas and can be slightly modified during recall, making memories flexible.​ This new understanding helps scientists develop innovative ways to modify memories, which is of great significance for treating some mental and behavioral disorders. 【点睛】【高分句型1】In a traditional view, memory works like a library, where everything recorded remains permanent and fixed.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】This perception makes it possible for scientists to modify memories in creative ways, which may help treat some disorders.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 猜押专题09 高考概要写作之实验研究报告类 专题剖析上海高考英语作文命题趋势与应对策略，核心价值在于将抽象的写作要求转化为可操作的分析框架和备考路径。适用于高三师生进行专题复习与精准训练，其亮点在于紧密贴合新课标导向，深度结合命题规律，从“考查什么”、“如何考查”到“如何备考”提供了逻辑清晰的完整解决方案，助力考生在掌握格式基础上，提升思维与语用的核心竞争力。 专题依据新课程标准与高考命题新要求，聚焦核心考查方向，适配“思维品质提升、语篇逻辑深化、话题贴近生活”的命题导向，结合近年一模二模及真题规律，明确写作分类、命题特征及猜押重点，助力考生精准备考。 一、题型总纲领 体 裁 高考概要写作之实验研究报告类 结构特点 客观严谨，以研究背景→实验过程→数据结果→结论 / 启示为固定脉络 考查核心 · 精准抓取研究目的、方法、结果、结论四大要素，语言简洁客观 二、命题聚焦 ① 提炼实验核心信息，不添加主观观点 ② 用 30 词左右概括全文逻辑链 ③ 保留因果、对比、数据结论等关键逻辑 三、语篇核心特征 结构逻辑 ① 线性清晰：目的→过程→结果→结论 / 建议② 信息主次分明：结论最重要，过程可简化 语言特点 ① 客观正式，多用被动、名词化结构② 逻辑衔接紧密：show/suggest/indicate/therefore/however 高频 四、通用写作逻辑 研究主题 + 实验方法 + 关键结果 + 研究结论 / 启示（句式：A study aimed to… By doing…, researchers found that… Thus, it suggests that…） 六、备考启示 1. 抓首尾段与段首句，快速定位结论与目的 2. 简化实验细节，保留变量、结果、结论三要素 3. 用同义替换 + 逻辑连接压缩原文，不照搬原句 01：课堂典例 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Kangaroos can “talk” to us Kangaroos can “talk” to people, according to a new study. The report is the first research of its kind to be done on marsupials—a type of creature whose young get carried in skin pockets on their mother’s body. It suggests kangaroos are cleverer than previously thought. Researchers from the University of Roehampton in the UK and the University of Sydney in Australia tested kangaroos at the Australian Reptile (爬行动物) Park, Wildlife Sydney Zoo and Kangaroo Protection Co-operative. The scientists put food in a box that the kangaroos could not open, and waited to see what the animals would do. Rather than giving up, 10 out of the 11 kangaroos actively looked at the person who had put the food in the box and then looked at the box. The researchers said this could be interpreted as the kangaroos requesting help to open the container. Dr Alexandra Green, a co-author of the study, told The Guardian newspaper that some of the kangaroos actually approached the person and started scratching (挠) and sniffing (嗅) him, then looked back at the box. “So they were really trying to communicate,” Green said. This behaviour is not uncommon in animals. However, it is usually only seen in domesticated animals, such as pets or farm animals. The lead author of the study, Dr Alan McElligott, explained, “Through this study, we were able to see that communication between creatures can be learnt and that the behaviour of looking at humans to access food is not related to domestication. “Indeed, kangaroos showed a very similar pattern of behaviour we have seen in dogs, horses and even goats, when put to the same test,” he added. It is hoped that the study will give people a more positive attitude towards kangaroos, which are sometimes seen as harmful creatures that damage farmers’ crops. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，事实证明袋鼠比我们想象的更聪明，它们有能力与人类交流。在测试中，面对难以接近的食物，袋鼠和驯养的动物一样，会求助于使用肢体语言的人。这些发现刷新了科学家对袋鼠行为的理解，可能改善了我们对袋鼠的认知。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文为 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构。首段提出新研究表明袋鼠能 “与人交流”，且比之前认为的更聪明。中间两段详细描述研究过程及袋鼠的行为表现，说明袋鼠这种交流行为并非仅存于家养动物。尾段指出希望该研究能让人们对袋鼠有更积极的态度。 第1段：引出研究发现——袋鼠能够与人类“交流”。 第2段：描述实验过程及结果，袋鼠通过眼神交流请求帮助。 第3段：研究者对袋鼠行为的解释，强调这种行为并非仅限于家养动物。 第4段：总结研究的意义，希望改变人们对袋鼠的看法。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1.研究发现 ①kangaroos，talk to people，marsupials 2.实验过程 ②University of Roehampton，Australian Reptile Park，food in a box 3.研究者解释 ③Alexandra Green，scratching，sniffing，domestication 4.总结意义 ④positive attitude，harmful creatures 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第1段：A new study shows that kangaroos can “talk” to humans. （一项新研究表明袋鼠能够与人类“交流”。） 第2段：Researchers tested kangaroos with a food box they couldn’t open, and the animals looked at humans for help. （研究人员用一个袋鼠无法打开的盒子测试袋鼠，袋鼠会看向人类寻求帮助。） 第3段：The study shows that this kind of communication is not just seen in domesticated animals. （研究表明这种交流行为并非仅限于家养动物。） 第4段：The study aims to change people’s negative views of kangaroos. （该研究旨在改变人们对袋鼠的负面看法。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 用 “and” 连接关于研究性质和袋鼠聪明程度的表述。用 “Most” 具体说明袋鼠的行为比例。用 “Similar to” 引出与其他动物行为的相似性。最后用 “The study hopes” 表明研究目的。 概要写作答案（60词左右） 01：A new study shows kangaroos can communicate with humans, suggesting they are more intelligent than previously thought. Researchers tested kangaroos by putting food in an unopenable box. Most kangaroos looked at the person and box and some showed clear communication attempts, seemingly asking for help., similar to domesticated animals like dogs and horses.The study hopes to help people view kangaroos more positively. （62words） 02：A new study shows that kangaroos can “talk” to humans. Researchers tested kangaroos with a food box they couldn’t open, and the animals looked at humans for help. The study shows that this kind of communication is not just seen in domesticated animals. The study aims to change people’s negative views of kangaroos. （59words） 02：晨读晚默素材 实战演练1 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use you own words as far as possible. Younger generations fall for the quiet charms of public library A November report by the American Library Association (ALA), drawing on research and a 2022 survey, found that younger generations use public libraries both in person and on line — at higher rates than older generations. More than half of the 2,075 respondents had visited a library within the past year. Interestingly, not all were bookworms: 43% of them don’t identify as readers, yet about half of these non-readers still visited their local library. Libraries have never been just about books.They are community centers — places to connect, create, and discover. For an extremely online generation facing a “loneliness crisis,” libraries are increasingly social spaces too. “We traditionally think of libraries as very quiet...,” said Rachel Noorda, co-author of the ALA report. “It’s a place to be solitary,but also a place to build community.” Talk to any young person and they’ll likely mention the idea of the “third place” — a term from sociology that has become social-media shorthand for spaces beyond home and work where people can gather freely. Younger generations know they lack many of these spaces their parents enjoyed, as the boundaries between home and work fade. Libraries may be one of the few remaining places that ask nothing of them. Yet even as young people rediscover libraries, these institutions and their workers face growing threats. In 2023, New York City mayor Eric Adams cut library funding; in Idaho, new legislation seeks to restrict materials for minors, and in Missouri, Republicans attempted to eliminate all state library funding. Still, there is hope. Emily Drabinski, president of the ALA, notes that most Americans oppose book bans and continue to hold librarians in high regard. “Most people love the library,” she said. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 实战演练2 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Aging Chimpanzees Prefer Smaller, Closer Social Circles Many things happen when people are ageing. Apart from the greying hair and wrinkled skin, there is an emotional change which comes with older age. When humans reach their later years, they favor more long-term friends and their social circle is reduced. Now, for what appears to be the first time, scientists have seen the same behavior in another species. Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees reveal that older males choose to keep contact with their established friends at the expense of other relationships. The researchers studied 78,000 hours of observations made between 1996 and 2016 that followed the social interactions of 21 male chimpanzees between the ages of 15 and 58 years old. They classified the chimps’ relationships depending on the amount of time they sat with others and groomed (梳毛) them. They then rated the various pairings as mutual friendships, where both chimps seemed to enjoy the relationship; one-sided friendships, where one chimp was more keen to be friends than the other; and non-friendships, where neither chimp showed interest in the other. When the scientists looked at the patterns of friendships, they found that the older chimps had more mutual friendships and fewer one-sided friendships than younger chimps. Another feature seen in older humans was also spotted in the chimps. As the males got older, their levels of aggression gradually become less, meaning they started fewer fights and tended to threaten others in their group less often. The observations have left the researchers puzzled. According to an idea in psychology known as socio-emotional selectivity theory, older humans prefer more positive relationships because they are aware that time is running out. However, many animal experts argue that chimpanzees lack the human sense of mortality (死亡), suggesting something else is driving the behavior. Robin Dunbar, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, said in humans, the decrease in social circles with age is due to declining social motivation to get out and meet people combined by lack of opportunity. In chimpanzees, as older males compete less for mates, they may focus on close, reciprocal (互惠的) relationships with trusted partners, he said. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 实战演练3 Tai Chi Can Reduce Falls in Old People Old people who took part in a structured programme of Tai Chi found that their balance and physical strength improved, reducing the risk of falls, according to a paper in the latest Journal of Advanced Nursing. Researchers studied a group of fall-prone (易摔跤的) adults, with an average age of 78, living in residential care. 29 people undertook a 12-week Tai Chi programme and the other 30 formed the non-exercise control group. The exercise programme consisted of 10 minutes of warming-up exercises, 20 minutes of Sun-style Tai Chi movement and 5 minutes of cooling down exercises. During the exercise, traditional instrumental music was used. It helped the group maintain slow and continuous movements and provide a comforting effect. Both groups underwent a series of tests before and after the 12-week exercise programme. They measured their muscle strength, balance and confidence in avoiding falls. Researchers analyzed the data and compared them with those of the non-exercise control group. They found that the physical fitness of the exercise group showed significant improvement, with stronger knee and ankle muscles, improved flexibility and better balance. Tai Chi, an ancient Chinese martial art (武术), consists of a series of slow, gentle, continuous movements. It is particularly suitable for old people as it helps them to develop stronger muscles and better balance and concentration. “Our study shows that low-intensity exercise such as Tai Chi has great potential for health promotion. It can help old people to avoid falls by developing their balance, muscle strength and confidence,” says Professor Song. “We believe that regular exercise should be a fundamental part of caring for old people living both in the community and in residential care.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 实战演练4 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Sweetness: The Silent Killer in Disguise Imagine starting your day with a flavored yogurt, sipping soda at lunch, and ending with a “healthy” granola bar. You’d be shocked to learn these daily choices may contain over 50g of added sugar — far exceeding the WHO’s recommended 25g limit. This unconscious intake is just the first step toward a chain of health risks, as excessive sugar disrupts our bodies in ways we often ignore. Sugar’s most immediate threat lies in its metabolic disruption. When consumed in excess, fructose (果糖) overloads the liver, converting into fat and triggering insulin (胰岛素) resistance. This process not only raises blood sugar levels but also lays the groundwork for type 2 diabetes, as confirmed by Harvard research linking high-sugar diets to a 26% higher diabetes risk. Beyond metabolism, sugar wages war on the heart. A study in JAMA Internal Medicine revealed that adults consuming 25% of calories from sugar faced three times the risk of heart-related death. Sugar irritates blood vessels, raises “bad” cholesterol (LDL), and speeds up artery hardening. Research from the University of California shows that drinking just one sugary drink daily increases heart disease risk by 20%. New research shows how sugar harms the brain. UCLA studies found that diets high in sugar make the hippocampus smaller, which weakens memory and learning. Sugar addiction works like drug addiction, causing strong sugar cravings that take over clear thinking. A 2025 Neuroscience study found that sugar consumption potentially causes memory problems, restlessness and shorter attention spans. Breaking free requires mindful choices: check labels for hidden sugars, replace sodas with flavored water, and enjoy fruits’ natural sweetness. Simple changes, such as picking dark chocolate over candy, can help. Every spoonful of sugar is a decision — choose wisely for your health’s future. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 实战演练 5 Modifying your memory It has always been thought that memory is a recording device, its purpose being to file away and later allow us to recall everything that happens in our lives, rather like a library. When we recall a memory, we go into the brain library, take out a file, look at it and then put it back in the same place. These files may get a little dusty over the years, but they are always there and never change. However, new research shows this understanding of memory is not that accurate. What memory is has been redefined. To start with, there is no central memory bank; elements of memories are stored separately from each other so that things related to a particular meaning-the smells, sounds, emotions, physical touch, pictures, etc.-are held in different areas of the brain, and it’s only in the act of recalling that they are all brought together. It now appears that every time we recall a memory, aspects of that memory can change slightly. Memories are flexible. The parallel would be more like bringing up a file on the computer, modifying it slightly and then saving it again. This understanding has been crucial in enabling scientists to erase and replace memories in quite innovative ways. On a positive note, this is paving the way for new treatments of disorders, like depression and alcohol addiction. In a recent study, a mouse is put into a totally new, empty environment when it is depressed and refuses to move. A switch on a laser machine introduces a previous happy memory to the mouse and it runs around, satisfied, showing relaxed, normal behavior. Science fiction? No, not at all. It’s happening here and now. The impossible is fast becoming possible. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $