Unit 8 A green world（复习讲义）英语新教材译林版八年级下册

Unit 8 A green world（复习讲义) 单词 soil n.土壤 chemical adj.化学品的；化学的；n.化学制品 truck n.卡车；载重汽车 unclean adj.不洁净的 fuel n.燃料 pour vt.&vi.倾倒，倒出；倾泻 eco-friendly adj.环保的 separate v.&vi.(使)分开；区分 recycle vt.回收利用 level n.标准，水平 successfully adv.有成效地 total adj.总的 strict adj.严格的 control vt.&n.控制 break vt.&vi.违背；(使)破损 punish vt.&vi.惩罚 resource n.资源 wisely adv.明智地 management n.管理 poster n.海报 pollute vt.污染 affect vt.影响 gas n.气体；汽油；天然气 seabird n.海鸟 desertification n.沙漠化 hardly adv.几乎不，几乎没有( single-use adj.供一次使用的 second-hand adj.二手的 battery n.电池 electronic adj.电子的 electricity n.电，电能 fine vt.对…处以罚款 短语 environmental problems 环境问题 go green 绿色生活；环保 protect the environment 保护环境 reduce pollution 减少污染 share a ride 拼车 ride a bike 骑自行车 plant more trees 多种树 use clean energy 使用清洁能源 separate rubbish 分类垃圾 make a difference有作用，有影响 recycle waste 回收垃圾 charity shops 慈善商店 drop litter 扔垃圾 be fined 被罚款 strict laws 严格的法律 single-use plastics 一次性塑料制品 World Environment Day 世界环境日 air conditioning n.空调调系统 separate...into把…分成 run out用完，耗尽 句型 1. It is a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes. 它是一个有高山和清澈湛蓝湖泊的国家。 2. Switzerland has one of the highest levels of waste recycling in the world. 瑞士拥有世界上最高的垃圾回收利用率之一。 3. Our government has many laws to protect the environment. 我们的政府有许多保护环境的法律。 4. If we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined by the police. 如果我们在公共场所乱扔垃圾，会被警察罚款。 5. Nature is our greatest treasure. 自然是我们最宝贵的财富。 6. These new types of energy will never run out. 这些新型能源永远不会耗尽。 7. Everyone can do something to make a difference. 每个人都能做些事情来发挥作用。 8. We can save water by taking shorter showers. 我们可以通过缩短洗澡时间来节约用水。 9. Turn off lights when leaving a room to save electricity. 离开房间时关灯以节约用电。 10. Reusing old things is another way to live a greener life. 重复使用旧物品是过绿色生活的另一种方式。 11. Things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. 玻璃、塑料和纸张等物品会被分类然后回收。 12. World Environment Day is on 5 June every year. 世界环境日在每年的6月5日。 语法 一般将来时的被动语态 写作 写一篇关于太阳能的文章 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 Part 1重点词汇与短语 1.separate v. (使)分开；区分 【搭配回顾】 separate…into… 把……分成……；be separated into 被分成 【用法示例】 We should separate waste into different bins.（我们应该把垃圾分到不同垃圾桶。） The big room is separated into two parts.（这个大房间被隔成两部分。） 2.recycle vt. 回收利用 【搭配回顾】 recycle rubbish/waste/paper 回收垃圾/废物/纸张 【用法示例】 We can recycle old clothes to help the poor.（我们可以回收旧衣服帮助穷人。） Many countries recycle plastic to protect the environment.（许多国家回收塑料以保护环境。） 3. control vt.&n. 控制 【搭配回顾】 control pollution 控制污染；under control 处于控制中 【用法示例】 The government tries to control the number of cars.（政府努力控制汽车数量。） The fire is now under control.（火势现已得到控制。） 4. punish vt. 惩罚 【搭配回顾】 punish sb. for sth. 因某事惩罚某人；be punished 被惩罚 【用法示例】 He was punished for littering in the park.（他因在公园乱扔垃圾被处罚。） The teacher will punish those who break class rules.（老师会惩罚违反班规的人。） 5. fine vt. 对…处以罚款 【搭配回顾】 fine sb. money 罚某人钱；be fined 被罚款 【用法示例】 He was fined 50 yuan for parking in the wrong place.（他因乱停车被罚款50元。） Drivers will be fined if they run red lights.（司机闯红灯会被罚款。） 6. pour vt.&vi. 倾倒；倒出 【搭配回顾】 pour…into… 把……倒入…… 【用法示例】 Don’t pour waste water into the river.（不要把废水倒入河里。） She poured some milk into the cup.（她往杯子里倒了些牛奶。） 7. pollute vt. 污染 【搭配回顾】 pollute water/air/soil 污染水/空气/土壤 【用法示例】 Factories must not pollute the air.（工厂绝不能污染空气。） The river is polluted by chemical waste.（这条河被化学废料污染了。） 8. affect vt. 影响 【搭配回顾】 affect health/environment 影响健康/环境 【用法示例】 Noise pollution affects our study and sleep.（噪音污染影响我们的学习和睡眠。） The bad weather will affect our trip.（坏天气会影响我们的旅行。） 9. break vt. 违背；打破 【搭配回顾】 break rules/laws 违反规定/法律；break promises 违背承诺 【用法示例】 It’s wrong to break traffic rules.（违反交通规则是不对的。） Don’t break your promise to the environment.（不要违背你对环保的承诺。） 10. run out vi. 用完；耗尽 【搭配回顾】 run out of 用完（人作主语）；sth. run out 某物耗尽 【用法示例】 Oil and coal will run out one day.（石油和煤炭总有一天会耗尽。） We will run out of water if we don’t save it.（如果不节约用水，我们会缺水。） 11.strict adj. 严格的 【搭配回顾】 be strict with sb. 对某人严格；be strict about sth. 对某事严格 【用法示例】 Our school has strict rules on environmental protection.（我们学校有严格的环保规定。） Parents are strict with their children’s habits.（父母对孩子的习惯要求严格。） 12.eco-friendly adj. 环保的 【搭配回顾】 eco-friendly products/bags 环保产品/袋子 【用法示例】 We should use eco-friendly bags instead of plastic ones.（我们应该用环保袋代替塑料袋。） This car uses eco-friendly energy.（这辆车使用环保能源。） 13. single-use adj. 一次性的 【搭配回顾】 single-use plastics 一次性塑料制品 【用法示例】 Many countries stop using single-use chopsticks.（许多国家停止使用一次性筷子。） We should reduce single-use products.（我们应该减少一次性用品。） 14. make a difference 有作用；有影响 【搭配回顾】 make a big/great difference 产生巨大影响 【用法示例】 Small actions can make a big difference to the earth.（小行动能给地球带来大改变。） Everyone’s effort makes a difference.（每个人的努力都有用。） Part 2重点句式与结构 1. It is a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes.这是一个有着高山和澄澈湛蓝湖泊的国家。 【结构构成】 主语(It) + 系动词(is) + 表语(a country) + 后置定语(with high mountains and clean blue lakes) 【典型用法】 1. with + 名词短语 作后置定语，用于描述人/事物的特征、拥有的事物，是描述地点、外貌的常用结构。 2. It is… 用于指代前文提到的国家，或直接介绍某一事物。 2. If we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined by the police.如果我们在公共场所乱扔垃圾，将会被警察罚款。 【结构构成】 条件状语从句(If we drop litter…) + 主句(we will be fined by the police) 【典型用法】 1. 条件状语从句遵循主将从现：从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。 2. will be + 过去分词 构成一般将来时被动语态，强调动作的承受者。 3. drop litter 为固定搭配，意为“乱扔垃圾”；in a public place 表示“在公共场所”。 3. Everyone can do something to make a difference.每个人都可以做些事来产生影响/有所作为。 【结构构成】 主语(Everyone) + 情态动词+动词(can do) + 宾语(something) + 目的状语(to make a difference) 【典型用法】 1. 不定式 to do作目的状语，表“为了……”。 2. make a difference是固定短语，意为“有影响、起作用、有所作为”，常用于环保、励志类表达。 3. everyone作主语，谓语动词用单数。 4. We can save water by taking shorter showers.我们可以通过缩短洗澡时间来节约用水。 【结构构成】 主语(We) + 情态动词+动词(can save) + 宾语(water) + 方式状语(by taking shorter showers) - 核心句式：主语 + can do sth. by doing… 【典型用法】 1. by doing sth. 表示“通过做某事”，作方式状语，是环保、建议类句子的高频结构。 2. save water 固定搭配，意为“节约用水”；take showers 意为“洗澡”。 5. Turn off lights when leaving a room to save electricity.离开房间时关灯以节约用电。 【结构构成】 祈使句(Turn off lights) + 时间状语(when leaving a room) + 目的状语(to save electricity) 【典型用法】 1. 无主语，以动词原形开头，为祈使句，用于提出建议、要求。 2. when leaving 是省略结构，完整为 when you leave，时间状语从句中主语与主句一致且含be动词时可省略。 3. turn off 表示“关闭（电器、电源）”；save electricity 意为“节约用电”。 单元语法：一般将来时的被动语态 一、结构构成 项目 内容 语法名称 一般将来时被动语态 基本结构 will + be + 及物动词过去分词 否定结构 will not (won’t) + be + 过去分词 一般疑问结构 Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词 + …? 特殊疑问结构 特殊疑问词 + Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词 + …? be going to 结构 主语 + am/is/are + going to + be + 过去分词 二、常见用法 用法场景 例句 表示将来某事将要被做，强调动作承受者 A new library will be built next year. 明年将建一座新图书馆。 不知道动作执行者，或无需说明执行者 These flowers will be watered soon. 这些花很快会被浇水。 出于礼貌、客观，侧重事情而非人 The plan will be discussed tomorrow. 这个计划明天将被讨论。 be going to 表计划、安排好的被动 The room is going to be cleaned soon. 这个房间马上要被打扫。 三、易错提示 易错点 正确写法 错误写法 漏写 be 动词 The letter will be sent soon. The letter will sent soon. 不用动词过去分词 The work will be finished. The work will be finish. 主语与动作逻辑不符 The bridge will be built. The bridge will build. 单元写作：写一篇关于太阳能的文章 主｜题｜解｜析 一、写作主题 本单元写作要求结合八年级英语知识，介绍太阳能的基本情况、优势、应用及未来展望，语言简洁规范、语法正确，字数80-120词左右，体现说明文的基本写作特点。 二、内容要点 核心要点（必写）： 定义：太阳能是来自太阳的清洁能源（clean energy from the sun），可通过太阳能板（solar panels）转化为电能或热能。 优势：可再生（renewable）、无污染（no pollution）、取之不尽（inexhaustible），能帮助节约能源、保护地球。 应用：日常生活中可用于发电、加热水，部分家庭和学校已开始使用太阳能。 拓展要点（选写，提升文章丰富度）： 现状：随着科技发展，太阳能的使用越来越广泛（more and more popular）。 未来：希望更多人使用太阳能，让地球变得更清洁、更美好。 三、写作思路 段落 段落功能 核心内容 常用句式 第一段（开头） 引出主题，下定义 介绍太阳能是什么，如何被利用 Nowadays, ... is becoming more and more important. / ... is a kind of clean energy from... 第二段（主体） 阐述优势和应用 分点说明太阳能的好处，结合日常生活中的应用场景 First of all, ... Besides, ... It can be used to... 第三段（结尾） 总结展望 表达对太阳能未来的期待，呼吁大家使用太阳能 In my opinion, ... I hope that... 构｜思｜写｜作 步骤1：审题立意（2分钟） 明确写作体裁为说明文，主题是“太阳能”，核心是介绍太阳能的基本信息、优势和应用，目标读者是老师和同学，语言需符合八年级英语水平，避免使用复杂词汇和长难句，确保语法正确、逻辑清晰。 步骤2：构思选材（3分钟） 结合内容要点，筛选适合八年级学生的素材：优先选择简单易懂的优势（无污染、可再生）和常见应用（发电、加热水），避免涉及复杂的科技原理；可适当加入简单的个人观点，提升文章完整性。 步骤3：列写提纲（2分钟） 根据写作思路表格，快速列出每段的关键词，避免写作时遗漏要点： 第一段：solar energy, clean energy, sun, solar panels, turn into electricity 第二段：advantages, renewable, no pollution, use, heat water, power homes 第三段：important, use more solar energy, protect the earth 步骤4：撰写初稿（8分钟） 按照提纲，结合词汇和句型提示，逐段撰写，注意：① 时态以一般现在时为主；② 句子之间用and, besides, first of all等连接词，保证连贯性；③ 控制字数，避免过长或过短。 步骤5：修改完善（5分钟） 重点检查3点：① 语法错误（主谓一致、时态、拼写）；② 要点是否齐全（定义、优势、应用是否都涉及）；③ 语言是否简洁流畅，有无重复表达，适当替换简单词汇，提升文章质感。 范｜文｜示｜例 Nowadays, solar energy is becoming more and more popular around the world. It is a kind of clean and renewable energy from the sun. We can use solar panels to turn sunlight into electricity and heat. Solar energy has many advantages. First of all, it produces no pollution, so it is good for our environment. Besides, it is inexhaustible, which means we will never run out of it. Many families use solar energy to heat water and power their homes. In my opinion, solar energy is very useful. I hope more people can use it in the future. It will help us save energy and make our earth a better place to live in. 【范文分析】 结构完整：严格按照“开头—主体—结尾”的思路撰写，每段功能清晰，开头引出主题、下定义，主体阐述优势和应用，结尾总结展望，符合说明文写作要求。 要点齐全：涵盖了太阳能的定义、优势（无污染、取之不尽）、应用（加热水、家庭供电），核心要点无遗漏，还加入了简单的个人观点，提升了文章完整性。 语言达标：使用了八年级核心词汇和常用句型，语法正确（时态一致、主谓一致），句子之间用besides, first of all等连接词，连贯性强，字数控制在85词左右，符合要求。 亮点突出：使用了“inexhaustible”“turn...into...”等重点词汇和句型，体现了对所学知识的灵活运用，结尾的呼吁贴合主题，升华了文章主旨。 优｜化｜策｜略 1.替换简单词汇：将use替换为make use of，将good替换为beneficial，提升语言质感。 2.补充简单细节：在“Many families use solar energy...”后加上“and some schools also use it to save electricity”，丰富应用场景。 3.增加复杂句型：将第二段第一句改为“As a kind of clean energy, solar energy has many advantages that are good for our environment”，使用定语从句，提升语法复杂度。 4.补充拓展内容：在结尾加上“With the development of science and technology, solar energy will play a more important role in our life”，结合科技发展，丰富文章内涵。 5.优化连接词：将besides替换为what’s more，将in my opinion替换为from my point of view，使语言更丰富多样。 【优化范文】 Nowadays, solar energy is becoming more and more popular around the world. It is a kind of clean and renewable energy from the sun. We can make use of solar panels to turn sunlight into electricity and heat, which is very convenient for our daily life. As a kind of clean energy, solar energy has many advantages that are good for our environment. First of all, it produces no pollution and does not harm our earth. What’s more, it is inexhaustible, so we will never run out of it. Many families use solar energy to heat water and power their homes, and some schools also use it to save electricity. From my point of view, solar energy is very useful and important. With the development of science and technology, it will play a more important role in our life. I hope more people can use solar energy in the future to save energy and make our earth a cleaner and better place. 参｜考｜词｜句 （一）核心词汇（必记） 名词：solar energy（太阳能）、solar panel（太阳能板）、electricity（电）、heat（热量）、environment（环境）、earth（地球） 形容词：clean（清洁的）、renewable（可再生的）、pollution-free（无污染的）、useful（有用的）、popular（受欢迎的） 动词：turn...into...（把……转化为……）、use（使用）、save（节约）、protect（保护）、produce（产生） 副词：widely（广泛地）、nowadays（如今）、also（也）、even（甚至） （二）常用句型（必用，提升文采） 开头句型（引出主题）： Nowadays, solar energy is becoming more and more important in our daily life. Solar energy is a kind of clean and renewable energy from the sun. 主体句型（阐述优势/应用）： First of all, solar energy is pollution-free and it will never run out. Besides, we can use solar energy to produce electricity and heat water. It can help us save energy and protect our environment. 结尾句型（总结展望）： In my opinion, solar energy will be more widely used in the future. I hope more people can use solar energy to make our earth cleaner and better. （时间：30分钟，满分：100分） 一、单词拼写（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1. We should use the natural resources ______ (wise). 2. The river is ______ (clean) because of the pollution. 3. We must ______ (separate) the waste into different groups. 4. If you break the rules, you ______ (punish) by the teacher. 5. He ______ (success) finished the work last week. 6. ______ (recycle) is a good way to protect the environment. 7. Too many ______ (chemical) are bad for the soil. 8. The ______ (electricity) cars are friendly to the environment. 9. We should stop ______ (pollute) the river. 10. If we don’t save energy, it ______ (run) out soon. 二、单项选择（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 11. It’s important for us to protect the ______ because plants grow on it. A. soil B. water C. air D. forest 12. Too many ______ are bad for our health and the environment. A. food B. chemicals C. drinks D. fruits 13. We should ______ waste things into different groups to recycle them. A. join B. separate C. make D. take 14. If you ______ the school rules, the teacher will ______ you. A. follow; stop B. break; punish C. make; help D. change; praise 15. If we don’t save energy, it will ______ soon. A. run out B. take out C. look out D. come out 16. This kind of bag is ______, so we can use it many times. A. single-use B. second-hand C. eco-friendly D. unclean 17. We must use the natural ______ such as trees and water ______. A. resources; wisely B. machines; happily C. products; carefully D. materials; quickly 18. The factory is not allowed to ______ waste water into the river. A. pour B. turn C. fall D. drop 19. --Do you have any ______ cameras? --Yes, they are much cheaper. A. new B. second-hand C. electronic D. modern 20. Small action can ______ to the environment. A. make a difference B. make a wish C. make a mistake D. make a bed 三、完成句子（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 21. 我们应该把垃圾分成不同的种类来回收利用。 We should ______ the rubbish ______ different kinds to recycle it. 22. 工厂不应该把废水倒入河流。 Factories shouldn’t ______ waste water ______ the river. 23. 如果我们违背规则，我们将会被惩罚。 If we ______ the rules, we ______ ______ ______. 24. 我们应该明智地使用自然资源。 We should use the natural ______ ______. 25. 如果我们不节约电，它很快就会耗尽。 If we don’t save ______, it will ______ ______ soon. 26. 这种环保产品对我们的地球有好处。 This kind of ______ ______ is good for our earth. 27. 政府应该严格控制污染。 The government should ______ the pollution ______. 28. 一次性塑料袋对环境有害。 ______ ______ plastic bags are harmful to the environment. 29. 我们应该回收利用旧电池来保护土壤。 We should ______ old ______ to protect the soil. 30. 每个人的行动都会对环境产生影响。 Everyone’s action can ______ ______ ______ to the environment. 四、阅读理解（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） A The ocean is a huge and wonderful world. It covers more than 70% of the Earth’s surface and is home to millions of living things. However, this beautiful world is facing serious problems. One of the biggest problems is ocean pollution. Every year, a lot of plastic waste (塑料垃圾) is thrown into the ocean. Fish, turtles and other sea animals often mistake plastic for food and eat it. This can make them sick or even die. Oil spills (石油泄漏) are also a great danger to the ocean. They pollute the water and kill many sea creatures. In addition, industrial waste (工业废料) and chemical products (化学产品) from factories are poured into the ocean, making the water dirty and unsafe for marine life. Another problem is overfishing. Many fishermen catch too many fish to make money. This has led to a sharp drop in the number of some fish species (物种). If this continues, some fish may disappear forever. Overfishing also breaks the balance of the ocean ecosystem (生态系统), which is bad for all marine life. Global warming (全球变暖) is also affecting the ocean. The Earth’s temperature is rising, causing the sea level to go up. This can flood (淹没) coastal areas and destroy the habitats (栖息地) of some sea animals. The warmer water also makes coral reefs (珊瑚礁) die. Coral reefs are like “rainforests of the sea” and provide homes for many sea creatures. We must take action to protect the ocean. Governments should make strict laws to stop pollution and overfishing. Factories should treat their waste before pouring it into the ocean. We individuals (个人) can also do our part. For example, we can reduce the use of plastic products, recycle waste and not buy seafood from overfished species. The ocean is important for all living things on Earth. It provides us with food, oxygen and many other resources. Protecting the ocean is protecting ourselves. Let’s work together to save the ocean. 31．What is one of the biggest problems facing the ocean? A．Too many tourists visiting the ocean. B．Ocean pollution. C．Lack of oxygen in the ocean. D．Too many marine protected areas. 32．Why is plastic waste dangerous for sea animals? A．They can get stuck in plastic. B．Plastic makes the water too cold. C．They may mistake plastic for food and eat it. D．Plastic breaks the balance of the ocean ecosystem. 33．What does overfishing lead to? A．A sharp drop in the number of some fish species. B．The rise of sea level. C．The death of coral reefs. D．More industrial waste in the ocean. 34．How does global warming affect the ocean? A．It makes the ocean less polluted. B．It causes the sea level to rise. C．It increases the number of fish. D．It makes the ocean water cleaner. 35．What can individuals do to protect the ocean? A．Make strict laws to stop pollution. B．Treat industrial waste before pouring it into the ocean. C．Reduce the use of plastic products and recycle waste. D．Catch more fish to balance the ocean ecosystem. B Have you ever looked up at the night sky and noticed fewer stars than before? Astronomers (scientists who study space) have an explanation: light pollution. Outdoor lights, like street lamps, make it harder to see stars and planets from Earth. Dr Christopher Kyba, a light pollution researcher, and his team studied data (数据) from over 50,000 people around the world. These people recorded the brightness of their local night skies between 2011 and 2022. From their data, Dr Christopher Kyba and his team found that stars are becoming less visible (可见的) each year. Why? Because towns and cities are getting brighter. Kyba said, “A child seeing 250 stars at birth might only see 100 at 18.” Light pollution doesn’t just trouble astronomers. Animals that are active at night, like bats, bump into things. For example, they may fly straight into objects they don’t expect. Baby turtles that hatch (孵化) at night need the Moon’s light to find the sea, but man-made lights can make them go the wrong way. City birds wake up and start singing too early. As for us humans, man-made lights at night can reduce the production of melatonin (褪黑素) in our bodies. Then we may have sleep problems, headaches, and feel tired and down. ★ Tell our family and friends how bad light pollution is. Also, call on the government to use outdoor lighting that causes less pollution, like motion-sensitive lights (感应式灯具). It’s up to all of us to take these actions to make sure the beautiful starry sky is still there every time the sun goes down. 36．What makes it harder for people to see stars at night? A．Animal activities. B．Terrible weather. C．Light pollution. D．Crowded cities. 37．Kyba’s words at the end of paragraph 2 show that ________. A．stars are running far away from us B．children’s eyesight is getting worse C．light pollution is a growing problem D．kids lose interest in stars as they grow up 38．The underlined phrase “bump into” in paragraph 3 means ________. A．touch B．hit C．miss D．discover 39．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．So, what can we do with it? B．How beautiful the starry sky is! C．Is light pollution a big problem? D．Light pollution makes life harder 40．What might be the best title for the passage? A．The Starry Sky B．The Terrible Pollution C．The Bright Lights D．The Disappearing Stars 五、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Nowadays, garbage sorting is becoming more and more popular in China. Almost every family has different bins for different kinds of garbage. But do you know 41 we need to sort garbage? Garbage sorting is a great way to protect the environment. If we put all garbage together, most of it will be buried under the ground. It will 42 hundreds of years for the garbage to break down, and it will pollute the soil and water around it. But if we sort garbage, we can recycle the things that can be used again. For example, old paper can be made into new books, and glass bottles can be turned into new ones. This can help us save a lot of 43 resources. Garbage sorting can also help us deal with harmful waste 44 . Some garbage, like batteries and medicine bottles, has harmful chemicals. If we don’t sort them out, they will end up in the soil and rivers, and do great harm to our health and the environment. 45 sorting them, we can send them to special factories to be dealt with safely. Many cities in China have made strict rules for garbage sorting. For example, in Shenzhen, if you don’t sort garbage correctly, you will get a fine. Schools also teach students 46 to sort garbage from a young age. Many students even become “garbage sorting volunteers” to help people in their communities. Some people think garbage sorting is too 47 , but it is not as hard as you think. There are only four main kinds of garbage in most cities: recyclable, harmful, wet and dry. You can learn the rules in just a few minutes. Every small action you take can make a big 48 to our planet. 49 we all take garbage sorting seriously, we will have a cleaner and greener world. Let’s start from today, and sort garbage 50 every day. 41．A．how B．why C．when D．where 42．A．take B．spend C．cost D．pay 43．A．natural B．manmade C．special D．cheap 44．A．quickly B．carelessly C．correctly D．slowly 45．A．As B．Before C．After D．By 46．A．what B．how C．where D．when 47．A．easy B．simple C．difficult D．interesting 48．A．difference B．mistake C．decision D．plan 49．A．If B．Though C．Because D．While 50．A．angrily B．carefully C．sadly D．heavily 六、任务型阅读（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 请阅读下面非连续性文本，按要求完成所给任务，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。 Plastic (塑料) is a big part of our daily lives. People like to use plastic because it’s cheap and easy to carry. We use it for bottles, bags, clothes, and so on. But plastic is really bad for our environment. And plastic pollution is becoming one of the most serious problems on the earth. Every year, millions of plastic goes into lands, rivers and oceans. It puts animals in danger and pollutes nature. It takes hundreds of years to break down. Every year the world uses 500 billion plastic bags.   In the last 10 years, we have made more plastic than in the last 100 years. Plastic makes up 10% of all the waste we make. We use 50% of the plastic only once. Every year, we use 17 million barrels (桶) of oil to make plastic bottles for our water. We buy about 1 million plastic bottles every minute. What can we do to help? The less plastic we use, the better the environment will be. We also need to change how we use things. Every small choice may become an important force in driving change. *Say no to plastic shopping bags. *Don’t have plastic straws (吸管) in drinks. *Don’t use plastic bottles, or use the bottle again instead of buying a new one. *… Let’s do something for a better environment! 51．Why do people like to use plastic? 52．How does plastic pollute the environment? 53．How many plastic bottles do we buy every minute? 54．What can we do for a better environment? 55．Do you use plastic in your daily life? What other advice can you give to stop plastic pollution? 七、短文填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） Did you know jeans waste water more than you can even imagine? In fact, the clothing industry uses 56 (much) water than most other industries. A report says 57 (make) one pair of jeans needs over 3,000 litres of water. Even 58 simple cotton T-shirt uses over 2,000 litres of water. Making jeans in the 59 (tradition) way usually takes many steps. First, workers dye threads. Then they weave cloth. In the last step, they wash the fabric (织物). People make special designs like faded colours 60 hand. This process uses plenty of water and chemicals. Things can get worse when 61 (factory) pour dirty water into rivers without cleaning it. A study found heavy metals in one of the rivers in Guangzhou. One sample had cadmium (镉) levels 128 times over the safe limit! 62 (important), workers face health risks, too. Their hands turn blue from the dyes. Some have skin problems. Others may even get a bad illness after several years. 63 (solve) these problems, a brand called SHEIN stepped up. They created a new technology called “Cool Transfer Denim Printing”. Patterns 64 (design) on computers first and then printed directly onto fabric with special ink. This avoids the old water-washing steps. We can now save much water with no harmful chemicals. Workers stay healthy, 65 colours look brighter and last longer, too. This shows us that fashion can be both cool and Earth-friendly. With smart ideas like this, we can save water and protect workers, all while wearing cool jeans! 八、书面表达（共15分） 66．三大生态系统（森林、湿地和海洋）是我们的生存之本，好的生态系统有助于我们的健康，但目前它们均面临严重的问题，我们必须行动起来保护它们、改善它们。请选择其中一个生态系统，根据提示完成倡议信： 1. Its importance: climate, wildlife… 2. Its problems: (至少两点） 3. Action to protect it: (至少两点） 注意事项： 1. 短文须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥，要求语句通顺，意思连贯； 2. 词数不少于80词，开头已在答题卷给出，不计入总词数； 3. 文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息； 4. 文章内容必须写在答题卷指定的位置上。 Dear Sir or Madam, Today I am writing to ask for your help in protecting ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With kind thanks, Leo Zhao 参考答案 一、 1. wisely 解析：修饰动词 use 应用副词形式，wise 的副词为 wisely。 2. unclean 解析：句意：因为污染，这条河是不洁净的。unclean 意为“不洁净的”，符合句意。 3. separate 解析：must 为情态动词，后接动词原形 separate。 4. will be punished 解析：本句为被动语态，且遵循“主将从现”原则，故填 will be punished。 5. successfully 解析：修饰动词 finished 应用副词形式，success 的副词为 successfully。 6. Recycling 解析：此处作主语，应用动名词形式，recycle 的动名词为 Recycling。 7. chemicals 解析：many 后接可数名词复数，chemical 的复数为 chemicals。 8. electronic 解析：修饰名词 cars 应用形容词形式，electricity 的形容词为 electronic。 9. polluting 解析：stop doing sth. 意为“停止做某事”，故填 polluting。 10. will run 解析：本句为 if 引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，故填 will run。 二、 11. A 解析：句意：对我们来说保护土壤很重要，因为植物生长在土壤上。soil 意为“土壤”，符合句意。 12. B 解析：句意：太多的化学制品对我们的健康和环境有害。chemicals 意为“化学制品”，符合句意。 13. B 解析：句意：我们应该把废品分成不同种类来回收利用。separate 意为“分开”，符合句意。 14. B 解析：句意：如果你违反校规，老师会惩罚你。break 意为“违背”，punish 意为“惩罚”，符合句意。 15. A 解析：句意：如果我们不节约能源，它很快就会耗尽。run out 意为“用完，耗尽”，符合句意。 16. C 解析：句意：这种袋子是环保的，所以我们可以多次使用它。eco-friendly 意为“环保的”，符合句意。 17. A 解析：句意：我们必须明智地使用像树木和水这样的自然资源。resources 意为“资源”，wisely 意为“明智地”，符合句意。 18. A 解析：句意：工厂不允许把废水倒入河流。pour 意为“倾倒”，符合句意。 19. B 解析：句意：——你有二手相机吗？——有，它们便宜得多。second-hand 意为“二手的”，符合句意。 20. A 解析：句意：小小的行动会对环境产生影响。make a difference 意为“有作用，有影响”，符合句意。 三、 21. separate; into 解析：separate...into... 是固定搭配，意为“把……分成……”，should 后接动词原形。 22. pour; into 解析：pour...into... 是固定搭配，意为“把……倒入……”，shouldn’t 后接动词原形。 23. break; will be punished 解析：break the rules 意为“违背规则”；本句为 if 引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，且“我们被惩罚”用被动语态 will be punished。 24. resources; wisely 解析：natural resources 意为“自然资源”；修饰动词 use 用副词 wisely（明智地）。 25. electricity; run out 解析：electricity 意为“电”；run out 意为“耗尽”，will 后接动词原形。 26. eco-friendly; products 解析：eco-friendly 意为“环保的”，修饰名词 products（产品）。 27. control; strictly 解析：control 意为“控制”，should 后接动词原形；修饰动词 control 用副词 strictly（严格地）。 28. Single-use 解析：single-use 意为“供一次使用的”，句首首字母大写。 29. recycle; batteries 解析：recycle 意为“回收利用”，should 后接动词原形；battery 意为“电池”，此处用复数 batteries。 30. make a difference 解析：make a difference 是固定短语，意为“有作用，有影响”，can 后接动词原形。 四、 A 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了海洋面临的三大严重问题 —— 海洋污染、过度捕捞和全球变暖，详细阐述了每个问题的成因及对海洋生物、生态系统的危害，最后提出了政府、工厂和个人层面的保护措施，强调了保护海洋对地球所有生物的重要性，呼吁大家共同拯救海洋。 31．细节理解题。根据“One of the biggest problems is ocean pollution”可知，直接说明海洋面临的最大问题之一是海洋污染。故选B。 32．细节理解题。根据“Fish, turtles and other sea animals often mistake plastic for food and eat it. This can make them sick or even die”可知，塑料垃圾对海洋动物的危害是它们可能将塑料误认为食物并食用。故选C。 33．细节理解题。根据“Many fishermen catch too many fish to make money. This has led to a sharp drop in the number of some fish species”可知，“this”指代前文的“过度捕捞”，明确过度捕捞导致部分鱼类物种数量急剧下降。故选A。 34．细节理解题。根据“The Earth’s temperature is rising, causing the sea level to go up”可知，说明全球变暖导致海平面上升。故选B。 35．细节理解题。根据“We individuals can also do our part. For example, we can reduce the use of plastic products, recycle waste and not buy seafood from overfished species”可知，减少塑料产品的使用，并对废弃物进行回收利用。与选项C的表述一致。故选C。 B 36．C 37．C 38．B 39．A 40．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了光污染这一现象，包括其导致星星越来越难被看到的情况、带来的危害以及人们可以采取的应对措施。 36． 细节理解题。根据“ Astronomers (scientists who study space) have an explanation: light pollution. Outdoor lights, like street lamps, make it harder to see stars and planets from Earth.”可知，光污染让人们在夜晚更难看到星星。故选C。 37．推理判断题。根据“Kyba said, ‘A child seeing 250 stars at birth might only see 100 at 18.’”可知，这句话表明随着时间推移，能看到的星星越来越少，光污染是一个日益严重的问题。故选C。 38．词义猜测题。根据“For example, they may fly straight into objects they don’t expect.”可知，“bump into”在这里的意思是“撞上”，与“hit”意思相近。故选B。 39．推理判断题。空格后内容讲的是告诉家人朋友光污染的危害、呼吁政府使用低污染灯具等应对光污染的做法，所以空格处应是提出“我们能做些什么”的问题。故选A。 40．最佳标题题。文章围绕光污染导致星星越来越难被看到这一现象展开，讲述了光污染的影响及应对措施，“消失的星星”能概括文章主旨。故选D。 五、 41．B 42．A 43．A 44．C 45．D 46．B 47．C 48．A 49．A 50．B 【解析】本文介绍了垃圾分类的重要性。垃圾分类可以保护环境、节约自然资源，并能正确处理有害垃圾。许多城市已制定严格规定，学校也从小教育学生如何分类。只要人人认真对待，就能拥有更清洁、更绿色的世界。 41．句意：但是你知道我们为什么需要垃圾分类吗？ 下文详细解释了垃圾分类的原因，包括保护环境、节约资源、处理有害垃圾等，因此此处询问的是“为什么”。how“如何”侧重方式，when“何时”侧重时间，where“何地”侧重地点，均与下文内容不符。 42．句意：垃圾需要数百年才能分解。 句型“It takes+时间+for sth. to do sth.”表示“花费时间做某事”，应用take。spend主语为人，cost主语为物且多指金钱，pay主语为人且多指支付，均不符合本句结构。 43．句意：这可以帮助我们节省大量的自然资源。 通过回收利用旧纸张、玻璃瓶等，可以减少对原始资源的开采，因此节约的是“自然”资源。natural符合文意。manmade“人造的”、special“特殊的”、cheap“便宜的”均不匹配。 44．句意：垃圾分类也能帮助我们正确处理有害垃圾。 后文提到将有害垃圾送到专门工厂安全处理，这是一种“正确”的处理方式。correctly符合文意。quickly“快速地”、carelessly“粗心地”、slowly“缓慢地”均与安全处理的要求不符。 45．句意：通过分类，我们可以把它们送到专门的工厂进行安全处理。 “by+动名词”表示“通过某种方式”，在句中作方式状语。As“随着”、Before“在……之前”、After“在……之后”均不能准确表达手段或方式。 46．句意：学校也从小教学生如何分类垃圾。 “疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语，根据上下文可知是教学生“如何”分类，应用how。what“什么”、where“何地”、when“何时”均不符合。 47．句意：有些人认为垃圾分类太难了，但它并不像你想象的那么难。 转折连词but后指出“并不难”，因此前句应是认为它“难”。difficult符合文意。easy“容易的”、simple“简单的”与but后语义矛盾，interesting“有趣的”与上下文无关。 48．句意：你做的每一件小事都能给我们的地球带来巨大的改变。 固定搭配make a difference表示“产生影响、起重要作用”。make a mistake“犯错误”、make a decision“做决定”、make a plan“制定计划”均不符合此处语境。 49．句意：如果我们都认真对待垃圾分类，我们将拥有一个更清洁、更绿色的世界。 前句提出条件，后句呈现结果，应用if引导条件状语从句。Though“虽然”表让步，Because“因为”表原因，While“当……时”表时间，均不符合逻辑关系。 50．句意：让我们从今天开始，每天认真分类垃圾。 垃圾分类需要细致认真的态度，应用carefully修饰动词sort。angrily“生气地”、sadly“悲伤地”、heavily“沉重地”均不符合积极行动的语境。 六、 51．Because it is cheap and easy to carry. 52．It goes into lands, rivers and oceans, puts animals in danger and pollutes nature. 53．About 1 million. 54．We can use less plastic. 55．Yes, I do. I think we can recycle the plastic. 【解析】本文主要讲述了塑料在日常生活中的广泛使用及其对环境的负面影响，并提出了一些减少塑料污染的建议。 51．根据“People like to use plastic because it’s cheap and easy to carry.”可知，人们喜欢用塑料，因为它便宜且便于携带。故填Because it is cheap and easy to carry. 52．根据“Every year, millions of plastic goes into lands, rivers and oceans. It puts animals in danger and pollutes nature.”可知，塑料会进入土地、河流和海洋，它使动物处于危险之中，污染了自然。故填It goes into lands, rivers and oceans, puts animals in danger and pollutes nature. 53．根据“We buy about 1 million plastic bottles every minute.”可知，我们每分钟购买大约一百万个塑料瓶。故填About 1 million. 54．根据“What can we do to help? The less plastic we use, the better the environment will be.”可知，我们可以少用塑料，让环境更美好。故填We can use less plastic. 55．开放性试题，言之成理即可。参考答案为Yes, I do. I think we can recycle the plastic. 七、 56．more 57．making 58．a 59．traditional 60．by 61．factories 62．Importantly 63．To solve 64．are designed 65．and 【解析】本文介绍了传统制衣行业生产工艺的缺点，以及SHEIN既环保节水又时尚的新技术。 56．句意：事实上，服装业使用的水比大多数其他行业更多。句中“than”表明，much应填写比较级more。 57．句意：一份报告说，制作一条牛仔裤需要超过 3000 升水。从句中主语讲述“制作牛仔裤”这件事情，因此用make的动名词形式作主语。 58．句意：即使是一件简单的棉质T恤也要耗费 2000 多升水。此处泛指“一件”T恤，且simple为辅音音素开头的单词，因此填写不定冠词a。 59．句意：用传统方式制作牛仔裤通常需要很多工序。设空处需填写形容词作定语修饰way，tradition的形容词为traditional。 60．句意：人们手工制作褪色等特殊效果。by hand“手工”，固定短语。 61．句意：当工厂未经处理就把污水排入河流时，情况会变得更糟。从句时态为一般现在时，动词pour为原形，因此主语应填写复数形式保证主谓一致；factory的复数为将y变成i加es。 62．句意：重要的是，工人们也面临健康风险。设空处应填写副词作状语修饰整个句子，important副词为importantly，句首首字母大写。 63．句意：为了解决这些问题，一个叫SHEIN的品牌采取了行动。“...these problems”为“a brand called SHEIN stepped up”的目的，此处填写不定式“to solve”作目的状语，句首首字母大写。 64．句意：图案先在电脑上被设计出来，然后用特殊墨水直接印在织物上。“Patterns”与“design”为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用一般现在时的被动语态表达；主语为复数形式，be动词用are，design过去分词为designed。 65．句意：工人们保持健康，而且颜色更鲜艳、更持久。连词and连接“Workers stay healthy”与“colours look brighter and last longer”两个并列句。 八、 Dear Sir or Madam, Today I am writing to ask for your help in protecting the forest ecosystem. Forests help make the air cleaner and control the climate. They also give homes to many plants and wildlife. If forests are in danger, many living things will be in danger, too. However, forests are facing big problems now. First, people cut down too many trees to make space for farms and houses. Second, some people throw rubbish in forests, and this pollutes the land and water. Sometimes, careless fires also happen and destroy forests quickly. We must take action right now. First, we can plant more trees and look after them well. Second, we should stop throwing rubbish everywhere. If everyone does a little, our forests will become better again. With kind thanks, Leo Zhao 【写作步骤 】 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：倡议信（注意书信的格式），用一般现在时为主 明确要点：生态系统的重要性、面临的问题，人类需要采取的措施 确定人称：第一人称（we）和第三人称（people） 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：引出生态系统，说明它的重要性 第二段：具体描述该生态系统所面临的问题（至少两点） 结尾段：介绍人们可以采取哪些措施保护生态系统（至少两点），并发出倡议 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：生态系统 种类：the forest ecosystem/the marine ecosystem/the wetland ecosystem 重要性：control the climate/give homes to…/provide food resources/maintain the balance of…/“kidneys of the Earth”等 要点二：面临的问题 分点连接词：first/firstly/second/secondly/what’s more/finally等 具体问题：in great danger/cut down too many trees/careless fires happen/seriously polluted by…等 要点三：采取的措施 分点连接词：first/firstly/second/secondly/what’s more/finally等 具体措施：take action/look after… well/stop throwing rubbish/reduce water pollution/keep wetlands clean等 发出倡议：If everyone does a little/Let’s all do our part/Let’s try our best to/It’s time for us to make a difference等 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 A green world（复习讲义) 单词 ____________n.土壤 ____________adj.化学品的；化学的；n.化学制品 ____________ n.卡车；载重汽车 ____________adj.不洁净的 ____________n.燃料 ____________vt.&vi.倾倒，倒出；倾泻 ____________ adj.环保的 ____________v.&vi.(使)分开；区分 ____________vt.回收利用 ____________n.标准，水平 ____________adv.有成效地 ____________adj.总的 ____________adj.严格的 ____________vt.&n.控制 ____________vt.&vi.违背；(使)破损 ____________ vt.&vi.惩罚 ____________n.资源 ____________ adv.明智地 ____________n.管理 ____________n.海报 ____________vt.污染 ____________vt.影响 ____________n.气体；汽油；天然气 ____________n.海鸟 ____________ n.沙漠化 ____________adv.几乎不，几乎没有( ____________ adj.供一次使用的 ____________ adj.二手的 ____________ n.电池 ____________ adj.电子的 ____________n.电，电能 ____________vt.对…处以罚款 短语 ____________环境问题 ____________绿色生活；环保 ____________保护环境 ____________减少污染 ____________拼车 ____________骑自行车 ____________多种树 ____________使用清洁能源 ____________分类垃圾 ____________有作用，有影响 ____________回收垃圾 ____________慈善商店 ____________扔垃圾 ____________被罚款 ____________严格的法律 ____________一次性塑料制品 ____________世界环境日 ____________n.空调调系统 ____________把…分成 ____________用完，耗尽 句型 1. It is a country ____________. 它是一个有高山和清澈湛蓝湖泊的国家。 2. Switzerland has ____________of waste recycling in the world. 瑞士拥有世界上最高的垃圾回收利用率之一。 3. Our government has many laws____________. 我们的政府有许多保护环境的法律。 4. If we drop litter____________, we will be fined by the police. 如果我们在公共场所乱扔垃圾，会被警察罚款。 5. Nature is ____________. 自然是我们最宝贵的财富。 6. These new types of energy will ____________. 这些新型能源永远不会耗尽。 7. Everyone can do something to ____________. 每个人都能做些事情来发挥作用。 8. We can save water____________. 我们可以通过缩短洗澡时间来节约用水。 9. Turn off lights when leaving a room ____________. 离开房间时关灯以节约用电。 10. Reusing old things is ____________ live a greener life. 重复使用旧物品是过绿色生活的另一种方式。 11. Things like glass, plastic and paper are separated____________ and then recycled. 玻璃、塑料和纸张等物品会被分类然后回收。 12. World Environment Day is on 5 June ____________. 世界环境日在每年的6月5日。 语法 一般将来时的被动语态 写作 写一篇关于太阳能的文章 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 Part 1重点词汇与短语 1.separate v. (使)分开；区分 【搭配回顾】 separate…into… 把……分成……；be separated into 被分成 【用法示例】 We should separate waste into different bins.（我们应该把垃圾分到不同垃圾桶。） The big room is separated into two parts.（这个大房间被隔成两部分。） 2.recycle vt. 回收利用 【搭配回顾】 recycle rubbish/waste/paper 回收垃圾/废物/纸张 【用法示例】 We can recycle old clothes to help the poor.（我们可以回收旧衣服帮助穷人。） Many countries recycle plastic to protect the environment.（许多国家回收塑料以保护环境。） 3. control vt.&n. 控制 【搭配回顾】 control pollution 控制污染；under control 处于控制中 【用法示例】 The government tries to control the number of cars.（政府努力控制汽车数量。） The fire is now under control.（火势现已得到控制。） 4. punish vt. 惩罚 【搭配回顾】 punish sb. for sth. 因某事惩罚某人；be punished 被惩罚 【用法示例】 He was punished for littering in the park.（他因在公园乱扔垃圾被处罚。） The teacher will punish those who break class rules.（老师会惩罚违反班规的人。） 5. fine vt. 对…处以罚款 【搭配回顾】 fine sb. money 罚某人钱；be fined 被罚款 【用法示例】 He was fined 50 yuan for parking in the wrong place.（他因乱停车被罚款50元。） Drivers will be fined if they run red lights.（司机闯红灯会被罚款。） 6. pour vt.&vi. 倾倒；倒出 【搭配回顾】 pour…into… 把……倒入…… 【用法示例】 Don’t pour waste water into the river.（不要把废水倒入河里。） She poured some milk into the cup.（她往杯子里倒了些牛奶。） 7. pollute vt. 污染 【搭配回顾】 pollute water/air/soil 污染水/空气/土壤 【用法示例】 Factories must not pollute the air.（工厂绝不能污染空气。） The river is polluted by chemical waste.（这条河被化学废料污染了。） 8. affect vt. 影响 【搭配回顾】 affect health/environment 影响健康/环境 【用法示例】 Noise pollution affects our study and sleep.（噪音污染影响我们的学习和睡眠。） The bad weather will affect our trip.（坏天气会影响我们的旅行。） 9. break vt. 违背；打破 【搭配回顾】 break rules/laws 违反规定/法律；break promises 违背承诺 【用法示例】 It’s wrong to break traffic rules.（违反交通规则是不对的。） Don’t break your promise to the environment.（不要违背你对环保的承诺。） 10. run out vi. 用完；耗尽 【搭配回顾】 run out of 用完（人作主语）；sth. run out 某物耗尽 【用法示例】 Oil and coal will run out one day.（石油和煤炭总有一天会耗尽。） We will run out of water if we don’t save it.（如果不节约用水，我们会缺水。） 11.strict adj. 严格的 【搭配回顾】 be strict with sb. 对某人严格；be strict about sth. 对某事严格 【用法示例】 Our school has strict rules on environmental protection.（我们学校有严格的环保规定。） Parents are strict with their children’s habits.（父母对孩子的习惯要求严格。） 12.eco-friendly adj. 环保的 【搭配回顾】 eco-friendly products/bags 环保产品/袋子 【用法示例】 We should use eco-friendly bags instead of plastic ones.（我们应该用环保袋代替塑料袋。） This car uses eco-friendly energy.（这辆车使用环保能源。） 13. single-use adj. 一次性的 【搭配回顾】 single-use plastics 一次性塑料制品 【用法示例】 Many countries stop using single-use chopsticks.（许多国家停止使用一次性筷子。） We should reduce single-use products.（我们应该减少一次性用品。） 14. make a difference 有作用；有影响 【搭配回顾】 make a big/great difference 产生巨大影响 【用法示例】 Small actions can make a big difference to the earth.（小行动能给地球带来大改变。） Everyone’s effort makes a difference.（每个人的努力都有用。） Part 2重点句式与结构 1. It is a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes.这是一个有着高山和澄澈湛蓝湖泊的国家。 【结构构成】 主语(It) + 系动词(is) + 表语(a country) + 后置定语(with high mountains and clean blue lakes) 【典型用法】 1. with + 名词短语 作后置定语，用于描述人/事物的特征、拥有的事物，是描述地点、外貌的常用结构。 2. It is… 用于指代前文提到的国家，或直接介绍某一事物。 2. If we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined by the police.如果我们在公共场所乱扔垃圾，将会被警察罚款。 【结构构成】 条件状语从句(If we drop litter…) + 主句(we will be fined by the police) 【典型用法】 1. 条件状语从句遵循主将从现：从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。 2. will be + 过去分词 构成一般将来时被动语态，强调动作的承受者。 3. drop litter 为固定搭配，意为“乱扔垃圾”；in a public place 表示“在公共场所”。 3. Everyone can do something to make a difference.每个人都可以做些事来产生影响/有所作为。 【结构构成】 主语(Everyone) + 情态动词+动词(can do) + 宾语(something) + 目的状语(to make a difference) 【典型用法】 1. 不定式 to do作目的状语，表“为了……”。 2. make a difference是固定短语，意为“有影响、起作用、有所作为”，常用于环保、励志类表达。 3. everyone作主语，谓语动词用单数。 4. We can save water by taking shorter showers.我们可以通过缩短洗澡时间来节约用水。 【结构构成】 主语(We) + 情态动词+动词(can save) + 宾语(water) + 方式状语(by taking shorter showers) - 核心句式：主语 + can do sth. by doing… 【典型用法】 1. by doing sth. 表示“通过做某事”，作方式状语，是环保、建议类句子的高频结构。 2. save water 固定搭配，意为“节约用水”；take showers 意为“洗澡”。 5. Turn off lights when leaving a room to save electricity.离开房间时关灯以节约用电。 【结构构成】 祈使句(Turn off lights) + 时间状语(when leaving a room) + 目的状语(to save electricity) 【典型用法】 1. 无主语，以动词原形开头，为祈使句，用于提出建议、要求。 2. when leaving 是省略结构，完整为 when you leave，时间状语从句中主语与主句一致且含be动词时可省略。 3. turn off 表示“关闭（电器、电源）”；save electricity 意为“节约用电”。 单元语法：一般将来时的被动语态 一、结构构成 项目 内容 语法名称 一般将来时被动语态 基本结构 will + be + 及物动词过去分词 否定结构 will not (won’t) + be + 过去分词 一般疑问结构 Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词 + …? 特殊疑问结构 特殊疑问词 + Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词 + …? be going to 结构 主语 + am/is/are + going to + be + 过去分词 二、常见用法 用法场景 例句 表示将来某事将要被做，强调动作承受者 A new library will be built next year. 明年将建一座新图书馆。 不知道动作执行者，或无需说明执行者 These flowers will be watered soon. 这些花很快会被浇水。 出于礼貌、客观，侧重事情而非人 The plan will be discussed tomorrow. 这个计划明天将被讨论。 be going to 表计划、安排好的被动 The room is going to be cleaned soon. 这个房间马上要被打扫。 三、易错提示 易错点 正确写法 错误写法 漏写 be 动词 The letter will be sent soon. The letter will sent soon. 不用动词过去分词 The work will be finished. The work will be finish. 主语与动作逻辑不符 The bridge will be built. The bridge will build. 单元写作：写一篇关于太阳能的文章 主｜题｜解｜析 一、写作主题 本单元写作要求结合八年级英语知识，介绍太阳能的基本情况、优势、应用及未来展望，语言简洁规范、语法正确，字数80-120词左右，体现说明文的基本写作特点。 二、内容要点 核心要点（必写）： 定义：太阳能是来自太阳的清洁能源（clean energy from the sun），可通过太阳能板（solar panels）转化为电能或热能。 优势：可再生（renewable）、无污染（no pollution）、取之不尽（inexhaustible），能帮助节约能源、保护地球。 应用：日常生活中可用于发电、加热水，部分家庭和学校已开始使用太阳能。 拓展要点（选写，提升文章丰富度）： 现状：随着科技发展，太阳能的使用越来越广泛（more and more popular）。 未来：希望更多人使用太阳能，让地球变得更清洁、更美好。 三、写作思路 段落 段落功能 核心内容 常用句式 第一段（开头） 引出主题，下定义 介绍太阳能是什么，如何被利用 Nowadays, ... is becoming more and more important. / ... is a kind of clean energy from... 第二段（主体） 阐述优势和应用 分点说明太阳能的好处，结合日常生活中的应用场景 First of all, ... Besides, ... It can be used to... 第三段（结尾） 总结展望 表达对太阳能未来的期待，呼吁大家使用太阳能 In my opinion, ... I hope that... 构｜思｜写｜作 步骤1：审题立意（2分钟） 明确写作体裁为说明文，主题是“太阳能”，核心是介绍太阳能的基本信息、优势和应用，目标读者是老师和同学，语言需符合八年级英语水平，避免使用复杂词汇和长难句，确保语法正确、逻辑清晰。 步骤2：构思选材（3分钟） 结合内容要点，筛选适合八年级学生的素材：优先选择简单易懂的优势（无污染、可再生）和常见应用（发电、加热水），避免涉及复杂的科技原理；可适当加入简单的个人观点，提升文章完整性。 步骤3：列写提纲（2分钟） 根据写作思路表格，快速列出每段的关键词，避免写作时遗漏要点： 第一段：solar energy, clean energy, sun, solar panels, turn into electricity 第二段：advantages, renewable, no pollution, use, heat water, power homes 第三段：important, use more solar energy, protect the earth 步骤4：撰写初稿（8分钟） 按照提纲，结合词汇和句型提示，逐段撰写，注意：① 时态以一般现在时为主；② 句子之间用and, besides, first of all等连接词，保证连贯性；③ 控制字数，避免过长或过短。 步骤5：修改完善（5分钟） 重点检查3点：① 语法错误（主谓一致、时态、拼写）；② 要点是否齐全（定义、优势、应用是否都涉及）；③ 语言是否简洁流畅，有无重复表达，适当替换简单词汇，提升文章质感。 范｜文｜示｜例 Nowadays, solar energy is becoming more and more popular around the world. It is a kind of clean and renewable energy from the sun. We can use solar panels to turn sunlight into electricity and heat. Solar energy has many advantages. First of all, it produces no pollution, so it is good for our environment. Besides, it is inexhaustible, which means we will never run out of it. Many families use solar energy to heat water and power their homes. In my opinion, solar energy is very useful. I hope more people can use it in the future. It will help us save energy and make our earth a better place to live in. 【范文分析】 结构完整：严格按照“开头—主体—结尾”的思路撰写，每段功能清晰，开头引出主题、下定义，主体阐述优势和应用，结尾总结展望，符合说明文写作要求。 要点齐全：涵盖了太阳能的定义、优势（无污染、取之不尽）、应用（加热水、家庭供电），核心要点无遗漏，还加入了简单的个人观点，提升了文章完整性。 语言达标：使用了八年级核心词汇和常用句型，语法正确（时态一致、主谓一致），句子之间用besides, first of all等连接词，连贯性强，字数控制在85词左右，符合要求。 亮点突出：使用了“inexhaustible”“turn...into...”等重点词汇和句型，体现了对所学知识的灵活运用，结尾的呼吁贴合主题，升华了文章主旨。 优｜化｜策｜略 1.替换简单词汇：将use替换为make use of，将good替换为beneficial，提升语言质感。 2.补充简单细节：在“Many families use solar energy...”后加上“and some schools also use it to save electricity”，丰富应用场景。 3.增加复杂句型：将第二段第一句改为“As a kind of clean energy, solar energy has many advantages that are good for our environment”，使用定语从句，提升语法复杂度。 4.补充拓展内容：在结尾加上“With the development of science and technology, solar energy will play a more important role in our life”，结合科技发展，丰富文章内涵。 5.优化连接词：将besides替换为what’s more，将in my opinion替换为from my point of view，使语言更丰富多样。 【优化范文】 Nowadays, solar energy is becoming more and more popular around the world. It is a kind of clean and renewable energy from the sun. We can make use of solar panels to turn sunlight into electricity and heat, which is very convenient for our daily life. As a kind of clean energy, solar energy has many advantages that are good for our environment. First of all, it produces no pollution and does not harm our earth. What’s more, it is inexhaustible, so we will never run out of it. Many families use solar energy to heat water and power their homes, and some schools also use it to save electricity. From my point of view, solar energy is very useful and important. With the development of science and technology, it will play a more important role in our life. I hope more people can use solar energy in the future to save energy and make our earth a cleaner and better place. 参｜考｜词｜句 （一）核心词汇（必记） 名词：solar energy（太阳能）、solar panel（太阳能板）、electricity（电）、heat（热量）、environment（环境）、earth（地球） 形容词：clean（清洁的）、renewable（可再生的）、pollution-free（无污染的）、useful（有用的）、popular（受欢迎的） 动词：turn...into...（把……转化为……）、use（使用）、save（节约）、protect（保护）、produce（产生） 副词：widely（广泛地）、nowadays（如今）、also（也）、even（甚至） （二）常用句型（必用，提升文采） 开头句型（引出主题）： Nowadays, solar energy is becoming more and more important in our daily life. Solar energy is a kind of clean and renewable energy from the sun. 主体句型（阐述优势/应用）： First of all, solar energy is pollution-free and it will never run out. Besides, we can use solar energy to produce electricity and heat water. It can help us save energy and protect our environment. 结尾句型（总结展望）： In my opinion, solar energy will be more widely used in the future. I hope more people can use solar energy to make our earth cleaner and better. （时间：30分钟，满分：100分） 一、单词拼写（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1. We should use the natural resources ______ (wise). 2. The river is ______ (clean) because of the pollution. 3. We must ______ (separate) the waste into different groups. 4. If you break the rules, you ______ (punish) by the teacher. 5. He ______ (success) finished the work last week. 6. ______ (recycle) is a good way to protect the environment. 7. Too many ______ (chemical) are bad for the soil. 8. The ______ (electricity) cars are friendly to the environment. 9. We should stop ______ (pollute) the river. 10. If we don’t save energy, it ______ (run) out soon. 二、单项选择（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 11. It’s important for us to protect the ______ because plants grow on it. A. soil B. water C. air D. forest 12. Too many ______ are bad for our health and the environment. A. food B. chemicals C. drinks D. fruits 13. We should ______ waste things into different groups to recycle them. A. join B. separate C. make D. take 14. If you ______ the school rules, the teacher will ______ you. A. follow; stop B. break; punish C. make; help D. change; praise 15. If we don’t save energy, it will ______ soon. A. run out B. take out C. look out D. come out 16. This kind of bag is ______, so we can use it many times. A. single-use B. second-hand C. eco-friendly D. unclean 17. We must use the natural ______ such as trees and water ______. A. resources; wisely B. machines; happily C. products; carefully D. materials; quickly 18. The factory is not allowed to ______ waste water into the river. A. pour B. turn C. fall D. drop 19. --Do you have any ______ cameras? --Yes, they are much cheaper. A. new B. second-hand C. electronic D. modern 20. Small action can ______ to the environment. A. make a difference B. make a wish C. make a mistake D. make a bed 三、完成句子（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 21. 我们应该把垃圾分成不同的种类来回收利用。 We should ______ the rubbish ______ different kinds to recycle it. 22. 工厂不应该把废水倒入河流。 Factories shouldn’t ______ waste water ______ the river. 23. 如果我们违背规则，我们将会被惩罚。 If we ______ the rules, we ______ ______ ______. 24. 我们应该明智地使用自然资源。 We should use the natural ______ ______. 25. 如果我们不节约电，它很快就会耗尽。 If we don’t save ______, it will ______ ______ soon. 26. 这种环保产品对我们的地球有好处。 This kind of ______ ______ is good for our earth. 27. 政府应该严格控制污染。 The government should ______ the pollution ______. 28. 一次性塑料袋对环境有害。 ______ ______ plastic bags are harmful to the environment. 29. 我们应该回收利用旧电池来保护土壤。 We should ______ old ______ to protect the soil. 30. 每个人的行动都会对环境产生影响。 Everyone’s action can ______ ______ ______ to the environment. 四、阅读理解（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） A The ocean is a huge and wonderful world. It covers more than 70% of the Earth’s surface and is home to millions of living things. However, this beautiful world is facing serious problems. One of the biggest problems is ocean pollution. Every year, a lot of plastic waste (塑料垃圾) is thrown into the ocean. Fish, turtles and other sea animals often mistake plastic for food and eat it. This can make them sick or even die. Oil spills (石油泄漏) are also a great danger to the ocean. They pollute the water and kill many sea creatures. In addition, industrial waste (工业废料) and chemical products (化学产品) from factories are poured into the ocean, making the water dirty and unsafe for marine life. Another problem is overfishing. Many fishermen catch too many fish to make money. This has led to a sharp drop in the number of some fish species (物种). If this continues, some fish may disappear forever. Overfishing also breaks the balance of the ocean ecosystem (生态系统), which is bad for all marine life. Global warming (全球变暖) is also affecting the ocean. The Earth’s temperature is rising, causing the sea level to go up. This can flood (淹没) coastal areas and destroy the habitats (栖息地) of some sea animals. The warmer water also makes coral reefs (珊瑚礁) die. Coral reefs are like “rainforests of the sea” and provide homes for many sea creatures. We must take action to protect the ocean. Governments should make strict laws to stop pollution and overfishing. Factories should treat their waste before pouring it into the ocean. We individuals (个人) can also do our part. For example, we can reduce the use of plastic products, recycle waste and not buy seafood from overfished species. The ocean is important for all living things on Earth. It provides us with food, oxygen and many other resources. Protecting the ocean is protecting ourselves. Let’s work together to save the ocean. 31．What is one of the biggest problems facing the ocean? A．Too many tourists visiting the ocean. B．Ocean pollution. C．Lack of oxygen in the ocean. D．Too many marine protected areas. 32．Why is plastic waste dangerous for sea animals? A．They can get stuck in plastic. B．Plastic makes the water too cold. C．They may mistake plastic for food and eat it. D．Plastic breaks the balance of the ocean ecosystem. 33．What does overfishing lead to? A．A sharp drop in the number of some fish species. B．The rise of sea level. C．The death of coral reefs. D．More industrial waste in the ocean. 34．How does global warming affect the ocean? A．It makes the ocean less polluted. B．It causes the sea level to rise. C．It increases the number of fish. D．It makes the ocean water cleaner. 35．What can individuals do to protect the ocean? A．Make strict laws to stop pollution. B．Treat industrial waste before pouring it into the ocean. C．Reduce the use of plastic products and recycle waste. D．Catch more fish to balance the ocean ecosystem. B Have you ever looked up at the night sky and noticed fewer stars than before? Astronomers (scientists who study space) have an explanation: light pollution. Outdoor lights, like street lamps, make it harder to see stars and planets from Earth. Dr Christopher Kyba, a light pollution researcher, and his team studied data (数据) from over 50,000 people around the world. These people recorded the brightness of their local night skies between 2011 and 2022. From their data, Dr Christopher Kyba and his team found that stars are becoming less visible (可见的) each year. Why? Because towns and cities are getting brighter. Kyba said, “A child seeing 250 stars at birth might only see 100 at 18.” Light pollution doesn’t just trouble astronomers. Animals that are active at night, like bats, bump into things. For example, they may fly straight into objects they don’t expect. Baby turtles that hatch (孵化) at night need the Moon’s light to find the sea, but man-made lights can make them go the wrong way. City birds wake up and start singing too early. As for us humans, man-made lights at night can reduce the production of melatonin (褪黑素) in our bodies. Then we may have sleep problems, headaches, and feel tired and down. ★ Tell our family and friends how bad light pollution is. Also, call on the government to use outdoor lighting that causes less pollution, like motion-sensitive lights (感应式灯具). It’s up to all of us to take these actions to make sure the beautiful starry sky is still there every time the sun goes down. 36．What makes it harder for people to see stars at night? A．Animal activities. B．Terrible weather. C．Light pollution. D．Crowded cities. 37．Kyba’s words at the end of paragraph 2 show that ________. A．stars are running far away from us B．children’s eyesight is getting worse C．light pollution is a growing problem D．kids lose interest in stars as they grow up 38．The underlined phrase “bump into” in paragraph 3 means ________. A．touch B．hit C．miss D．discover 39．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．So, what can we do with it? B．How beautiful the starry sky is! C．Is light pollution a big problem? D．Light pollution makes life harder 40．What might be the best title for the passage? A．The Starry Sky B．The Terrible Pollution C．The Bright Lights D．The Disappearing Stars 五、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Nowadays, garbage sorting is becoming more and more popular in China. Almost every family has different bins for different kinds of garbage. But do you know 41 we need to sort garbage? Garbage sorting is a great way to protect the environment. If we put all garbage together, most of it will be buried under the ground. It will 42 hundreds of years for the garbage to break down, and it will pollute the soil and water around it. But if we sort garbage, we can recycle the things that can be used again. For example, old paper can be made into new books, and glass bottles can be turned into new ones. This can help us save a lot of 43 resources. Garbage sorting can also help us deal with harmful waste 44 . Some garbage, like batteries and medicine bottles, has harmful chemicals. If we don’t sort them out, they will end up in the soil and rivers, and do great harm to our health and the environment. 45 sorting them, we can send them to special factories to be dealt with safely. Many cities in China have made strict rules for garbage sorting. For example, in Shenzhen, if you don’t sort garbage correctly, you will get a fine. Schools also teach students 46 to sort garbage from a young age. Many students even become “garbage sorting volunteers” to help people in their communities. Some people think garbage sorting is too 47 , but it is not as hard as you think. There are only four main kinds of garbage in most cities: recyclable, harmful, wet and dry. You can learn the rules in just a few minutes. Every small action you take can make a big 48 to our planet. 49 we all take garbage sorting seriously, we will have a cleaner and greener world. Let’s start from today, and sort garbage 50 every day. 41．A．how B．why C．when D．where 42．A．take B．spend C．cost D．pay 43．A．natural B．manmade C．special D．cheap 44．A．quickly B．carelessly C．correctly D．slowly 45．A．As B．Before C．After D．By 46．A．what B．how C．where D．when 47．A．easy B．simple C．difficult D．interesting 48．A．difference B．mistake C．decision D．plan 49．A．If B．Though C．Because D．While 50．A．angrily B．carefully C．sadly D．heavily 六、任务型阅读（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 请阅读下面非连续性文本，按要求完成所给任务，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。 Plastic (塑料) is a big part of our daily lives. People like to use plastic because it’s cheap and easy to carry. We use it for bottles, bags, clothes, and so on. But plastic is really bad for our environment. And plastic pollution is becoming one of the most serious problems on the earth. Every year, millions of plastic goes into lands, rivers and oceans. It puts animals in danger and pollutes nature. It takes hundreds of years to break down. Every year the world uses 500 billion plastic bags.   In the last 10 years, we have made more plastic than in the last 100 years. Plastic makes up 10% of all the waste we make. We use 50% of the plastic only once. Every year, we use 17 million barrels (桶) of oil to make plastic bottles for our water. We buy about 1 million plastic bottles every minute. What can we do to help? The less plastic we use, the better the environment will be. We also need to change how we use things. Every small choice may become an important force in driving change. *Say no to plastic shopping bags. *Don’t have plastic straws (吸管) in drinks. *Don’t use plastic bottles, or use the bottle again instead of buying a new one. *… Let’s do something for a better environment! 51．Why do people like to use plastic? 52．How does plastic pollute the environment? 53．How many plastic bottles do we buy every minute? 54．What can we do for a better environment? 55．Do you use plastic in your daily life? What other advice can you give to stop plastic pollution? 七、短文填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） Did you know jeans waste water more than you can even imagine? In fact, the clothing industry uses 56 (much) water than most other industries. A report says 57 (make) one pair of jeans needs over 3,000 litres of water. Even 58 simple cotton T-shirt uses over 2,000 litres of water. Making jeans in the 59 (tradition) way usually takes many steps. First, workers dye threads. Then they weave cloth. In the last step, they wash the fabric (织物). People make special designs like faded colours 60 hand. This process uses plenty of water and chemicals. Things can get worse when 61 (factory) pour dirty water into rivers without cleaning it. A study found heavy metals in one of the rivers in Guangzhou. One sample had cadmium (镉) levels 128 times over the safe limit! 62 (important), workers face health risks, too. Their hands turn blue from the dyes. Some have skin problems. Others may even get a bad illness after several years. 63 (solve) these problems, a brand called SHEIN stepped up. They created a new technology called “Cool Transfer Denim Printing”. Patterns 64 (design) on computers first and then printed directly onto fabric with special ink. This avoids the old water-washing steps. We can now save much water with no harmful chemicals. Workers stay healthy, 65 colours look brighter and last longer, too. This shows us that fashion can be both cool and Earth-friendly. With smart ideas like this, we can save water and protect workers, all while wearing cool jeans! 八、书面表达（共15分） 66．三大生态系统（森林、湿地和海洋）是我们的生存之本，好的生态系统有助于我们的健康，但目前它们均面临严重的问题，我们必须行动起来保护它们、改善它们。请选择其中一个生态系统，根据提示完成倡议信： 1. Its importance: climate, wildlife… 2. Its problems: (至少两点） 3. Action to protect it: (至少两点） 注意事项： 1. 短文须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥，要求语句通顺，意思连贯； 2. 词数不少于80词，开头已在答题卷给出，不计入总词数； 3. 文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息； 4. 文章内容必须写在答题卷指定的位置上。 Dear Sir or Madam, Today I am writing to ask for your help in protecting ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With kind thanks, Leo Zhao 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $