Unit 7 Space exploration 人与自然：航天与航空（话题阅读精练）英语新教材沪教版八年级下册

Unit 7 Space exploration 太空探索 话题阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 469 本文主要介绍了太空探索引发了科学技术的进步，造福了人类，提高了地球上的生活质量。 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 324 文章主要介绍了中国在2025年5月14日发射的全球首个太空计算网络“三体计算星座”，包括其组成、功能、优势及意义等内容。 实战演练 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 332 文主要介绍了中国嫦娥六号月球探测器成功发射并计划在月球背面采集样本的任务，以及这一任务对科学研究的重大意义。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 269 本文主要讲述了嫦娥六号飞船在月球的工作及其意义。 Passage 3 阅读理解 说明文 287 本文主要讲述了中国航天员在天宫空间站上成功举行了一次科学课。 Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 225 本文主要介绍了近年来中国在探索月球方面的成果。 Passage 5 完形填空 说明文 217 本文介绍了宇航员在太空可能遇到的两种主要危险。 Passage 6 完形填空 说明文 263 本文介绍了中国天宫空间站新增的热风烤箱。 时文阅读 话题谚语小知识 · The sky is not the limit, it’s just the beginning. —— Unknown 天空从来不是极限，而仅仅是起点。 —— 佚名 · Space is for everybody. It’s not just for a few people in science or math, or for a select group of astronauts. —— Christa McAuliffe 太空属于每一个人，它不只属于少数科研人员、数学家，也不只属于少数宇航员。 —— 克里斯塔・麦考利夫 · The important achievement of Apollo was demonstrating that humanity is not forever chained to this planet. —— Neil Armstrong 阿波罗计划的重要成就，在于证明了人类并非永远被束缚在这颗星球上。 —— 尼尔・阿姆斯特朗 · Exploration is in our nature. We began as wanderers, and we are wanderers still. —— Carl Sagan 探索是我们的天性。我们生来就是探索者，至今依然如此。 —— 卡尔・萨根 · The best way to predict the future is to invent it. —— Alan Kay 预测未来的最好方式，就是亲手创造它。 —— 艾伦・凯 · Astronomy compels the soul to look upwards and leads us from this world to another. —— Plato 天文学迫使灵魂仰望苍穹，引领我们从此世走向另一个世界。 —— 柏拉图 · We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard. —— John F. Kennedy 我们选择在这十年间登月，并完成其他壮举，不是因为它们轻而易举，而是因为它们充满挑战。 —— 约翰・F・肯尼迪 · The universe is a pretty big place. If it's just us, seems like an awful waste of space. —— Carl Sagan 宇宙是一个无比浩瀚的地方。如果只有我们存在，那未免太浪费空间了。 —— 卡尔・萨根 · Mankind was born on Earth. It was never meant to die here. —— Interstellar (Movie Quote) 人类诞生于地球，却绝不该葬身于此。 —— 《星际穿越》（电影台词） · The Earth is the cradle of humanity, but mankind cannot stay in the cradle forever. —— Konstantin Tsiolkovsky 地球是人类的摇篮，但人类永远不能停留在摇篮之中。 —— 康斯坦丁・齐奥尔科夫斯基 时文阅读 Passage A（太空探索和科学进步） On 20 July 1969, the world celebrated an important moment in history when American astronaut, Neil Armstrong, became the first man to walk on the moon, making a giant leap for humanity. For more than 50 years, human beings have tried many times to understand the space environment. These efforts have paid off. Today, we are in a better position to understand our universe in which we live, thanks to space exploration. Space exploration has triggered advances in science and technology which have benefitted humans and improved the quality of life on Earth. These benefits are related to space technology such as satellite communications, global positioning system(GPS) and weather forecasting. The development of satellite technology, for instance, makes telecommunications possible, connecting people from different parts of the world through satellite television, phones, radio and Internet access. Today, space technology also enables us to have virtual meetings and lessons, making work and study from home possible during the Covid-19 pandemic. With the excitement and curiosity generated, space exploration is attracting young people to careers in engineering, science, technology and mathematics, which creates innovations in science and technology. In countries such as America, Canada and Europe, space exploration has also generated jobs in fields related to engineering, technology and science. Even if interested youngsters do not end up in a job in these areas, space technology enriches their imagination about the possibility of life beyond Earth and space travel. To this end, space exploration continues to encourage human imagination, inspiring people to write stories and create movies, photographs and songs about space exploration. Although there are many benefits, space exploration has often been criticized for its high cost. According to the University of Florida, it costs about $500 million to launch a space shuttle and many argue that this money could be better spent on solving the problems on Earth such as hunger, pollution, diseases and climate change. Although space exploration cannot directly provide immediate solutions to these problems, it generates many useful technologies and new knowledge in sciences necessary to improve the conditions of human life on Earth. Every year, about a thousand innovations in the space programmes find their way into earthly technology that leads to better farming; better medical instruments; and more energy-efficient vehicles. As a result, the money spent on space exploration does finally benefit human beings. There is no doubt that space exploration has produced many benefits for humanity. It has also encouraged many to understand Earth and the universe in a deeper way. In the coming decade, we can continue to expect more exciting discoveries. We may eventually even find another planet where humans can live. 1. The words “triggered advances” in Paragraph 2 probably mean” ________” . A. led to great progress B. slowed down the speed C. set back future growth D. caught up the development 2. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A. The benefits created by space exploration. B. The high-tech jobs generated by space exploration. C. The imaginative art works inspired by space exploration. D. The abilities youngsters developed through space exploration. 3. According to the writer, the money spent on space exploration ________. A. solves the worst problems on Earth directly B. benefits humans through space programmes C. fails to improve the conditions of human life D. limits the development of earthly technology 4. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To introduce technology programmes in space exploration. B. To compare different jobs generated by space exploration. C. To present the benefits brought by space exploration. D. To encourage people to carry on space exploration. 重点词汇梳理 leap /liːp/ n. 跳跃 GPS 全球定位系统 virtual /ˈvɜːtʃuəl/ adj. 虚拟的 generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ v. 产生，生成 criticize /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/ v. 批评，批判 shuttle /ˈʃʌtl/ 穿梭班机，穿梭火箭 长难句解析 原句1：（第一段第一句）On 20 July 1969, the world celebrated an important moment in history when American astronaut, Neil Armstrong, became the first man to walk on the moon, making a giant leap for humanity. 译文：1969 年 7 月 20 日，全世界共同庆祝了一个历史性的重要时刻：美国宇航员尼尔・阿姆斯特朗成为首个踏上月球的人类，实现了人类的一次巨大飞跃。 分析：句子主干为 the world celebrated an important moment in history。On 20 July 1969 是时间状语，点明事件发生的时间；when American astronaut, Neil Armstrong, became the first man to walk on the moon 是定语从句，修饰先行词 an important moment in history，具体说明这个历史时刻的内容；making a giant leap for humanity 是现在分词作结果状语，补充说明阿姆斯特朗登月带来的意义与影响。 原句2：（第二段第一句）Space exploration has triggered advances in science and technology which have benefitted humans and improved the quality of life on Earth. 译文：太空探索推动了科学技术的进步，这些进步造福了人类，提升了地球上的生活质量。 分析：句子主干为 Space exploration has triggered advances in science and technology。which have benefitted humans and improved the quality of life on Earth 是定语从句，修饰先行词 advances in science and technology，说明科技进步带来的双重影响；从句中 benefitted humans 和 improved the quality of life on Earth 是并列的谓语结构，共同作从句的谓语。 译文 1969 年 7 月 20 日，全世界共同见证了一个历史性的重要时刻：美国宇航员尼尔・阿姆斯特朗成为首个踏上月球的人类，实现了人类的一次巨大飞跃。五十多年来，人类不断尝试探索太空环境，这些努力终有回报。如今，得益于太空探索，我们对自己赖以生存的宇宙有了更深刻的认知。 太空探索推动了科学技术的进步，这些进步造福了人类，提升了地球上的生活质量。这些益处与卫星通信、全球定位系统（GPS）、天气预报等航天技术息息相关。例如，卫星技术的发展让远程通信成为可能，通过卫星电视、电话、广播和互联网，连接起世界不同地区的人们。如今，航天技术还让我们能够开展线上会议与课程，在新冠疫情期间实现了居家办公与学习。 太空探索所激发的热情与好奇心，正吸引年轻人投身工程、科学、技术与数学领域的职业，进而推动科技创新。在美国、加拿大、欧洲等国家和地区，太空探索还创造了工程、技术、科学相关领域的就业岗位。即便感兴趣的年轻人最终没有从事这些领域的工作，航天技术也能丰富他们对地球外生命与太空旅行可能性的想象。正因如此，太空探索持续激发着人类的想象力，激励人们创作以太空探索为主题的故事、电影、摄影作品与歌曲。 尽管太空探索益处良多，却常因高昂的成本遭到批评。据佛罗里达大学数据，发射一架航天飞机的成本约为 5 亿美元，许多人认为这笔钱更应该用于解决地球上的饥饿、污染、疾病与气候变化等问题。虽然太空探索无法直接为这些问题提供立竿见影的解决方案，但它催生了诸多实用技术与科学新知，这些都是改善地球人类生活条件所必需的。 每年，航天项目中约有一千项创新成果落地民用技术，推动农业发展、医疗设备升级，以及更节能的交通工具问世。因此，投入太空探索的资金最终会造福全人类。 毫无疑问，太空探索为人类带来了诸多福祉，也让更多人以更深刻的方式认识地球与宇宙。在未来十年，我们有望迎来更多激动人心的发现，甚至最终找到另一颗适合人类居住的星球。 Passage B（三体计算星座） On May 14, 2025, China sent 12 new computing satellites into space. They used a Long March rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. This was a big step! It started the world’s first space computing network. It’s called the Three-body Computing Constellation (三体计算星座). The name comes from a physics problem about objects moving in space. These satellites can work right in orbit, not just send data to Earth. Zhejiang Lab, Guoxing Aerospace, and other groups made these satellites. Each one can do 744 trillion calculations every second! Together, they form a strong network. When they circle the Earth, they can analyze (分析) data quickly. For example, they can find forest fires in seconds. They can also make 3D maps of flooded areas to help rescue teams. Before, old-style satellites took days to do such jobs. Old satellites wasted a lot of time—70% to 90%—because of slow data sending. The new network fixes this. It works on data while in space, cutting delays from weeks to just seconds. It can help with deep-space trips, like going to Mars. By working in space, it avoids long waits for messages to reach Earth. The satellites use laser communication which is super fast (100Gbps!). They also use AI trained on huge data. These tools help track planes and watch for disasters. They can even study space events like gamma-ray bursts (伽马射线暴). By 2035, China plans to grow the network to 2,800 satellites. This will connect space and ground centers all over the world. Professor Wang Jian is a top engineer leading Zhejiang Lab. He said, “Space computing power will change industries. It will help in things like disaster response and city planning.” He led the team that made the satellites’ AI systems. This project shows how new ideas can turn problems into chances. It makes a path for smarter space exploration. 1. Why can the new satellites analyze data much faster than old-style ones? A. Because they are launched by more powerful rockets. B. Because they use a larger number of AI systems. C. Because they process data directly in orbit. D. Because they have a special shape that helps with data analysis. 2. What can we know about the new satellites from the passage? A. They can only be used to detect forest fires. B. They use traditional communication methods. C. Each satellite can do 744 billion calculations per second. D. They can help rescue teams by making 3D maps of flooded areas. 3. What does the underlined word “They” refer to in Paragraph 4? A. Forest fires. B. The new satellites. C. Old-style satellites. D. Laser communication. 4. Why does the passage mention Mars missions in Paragraph 3? A. To show that the new satellites can help with long-distance space exploration. B. To explain why Mars is easier to explore than Earth. C. To prove that old satellites could already support Mars missions. D. To compare Mars with Earth’s disaster problems. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The process of launching satellites from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. B. China’s achievement in creating the world’s first space computing network. C. The comparison between old-style and new satellites in data sending speed. D. The introduction of Professor Wang Jian and his work at Zhejiang Lab. 重点词汇梳理 trillion /ˈtrɪljən/ num. 万亿，兆 analyze /ˈænəlaɪz/ v. 分析 response /rɪˈspɒns/ n. 反应，响应 长难句解析 原句1：（第三段第三句） It works on data while in space, cutting delays from weeks to just seconds. 译文：它能在太空中直接处理数据，将延迟从数周缩短至仅数秒。 分析：句子主干为 It works on data。while in space 是时间状语从句的省略形式，完整表达为 while it is in space，说明数据处理的场景；cutting delays from weeks to just seconds 是现在分词作结果状语，补充说明在轨处理数据带来的核心优势，即大幅缩短延迟 原句2：（第四段第一句）The satellites use laser communication which is super fast (100Gbps!). 译文：这些卫星采用超高速激光通信（速率达 100Gbps！） 分析：句子主干为 The satellites use laser communication，which is super fast (100Gbps!) 是定语从句，修饰先行词 laser communication，补充说明激光通信的速度优势。 译文 2025 年 5 月 14 日，中国将 12 颗新型计算卫星送入太空。这些卫星由长征火箭从酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空。这是意义重大的一步！它搭建起了全球首个太空计算网络，名为 “三体计算星座”。这个名字源自一个关于太空中物体运动的物理学问题。这些卫星可直接在轨道上开展工作，而不只是向地球传输数据。 浙江实验室、国星宇航等团队共同研制了这些卫星。每颗卫星每秒可完成 744 万亿次运算！它们共同组成了一个强大的网络。在环绕地球运行时，这些卫星能够快速分析数据：例如，它们可以在数秒内发现森林火灾，还能绘制洪水灾区的 3D 地图，为救援队伍提供支持。而在过去，传统卫星完成这类工作需要数天时间。 旧款卫星因数据传输速度慢，会浪费 70% 到 90% 的时间，而新型网络解决了这一问题。它能在太空中直接处理数据，将延迟从数周缩短至仅数秒。该网络还能为火星探测等深空任务提供支持，通过在太空中直接作业，避免了信息传回地球的漫长等待。 这些卫星采用超高速激光通信（速率达 100Gbps！），同时还搭载了基于海量数据训练的人工智能。这些技术可用于追踪飞机、监测灾害，甚至能研究伽马射线暴等太空事件。中国计划到 2035 年将该网络扩容至 2800 颗卫星，实现全球天地一体化互联。 王健教授是浙江实验室的首席工程师，他表示：“太空算力将重塑各行各业，为灾害应急、城市规划等领域提供助力。” 他带领团队研发了卫星的人工智能系统。该项目展示了创新理念如何将挑战转化为机遇，为更智能的太空探索开辟了道路。 话题写作佳句积累 1. Space exploration pushes the boundaries of human knowledge and inspires generations to dream bigger. 航天探索不断拓展人类知识的边界，激励一代又一代人追求更远大的梦想。 2. Aviation has turned the world into a global village, connecting people and cultures across continents. 航空让世界变成了地球村，连接起各大洲的人们与文化。 3. Every successful space mission is the result of years of hard work, innovation and unwavering teamwork. 每一次成功的航天任务，都是多年辛勤付出、技术创新与坚定团队协作的成果。 4. The development of aerospace technology drives progress in countless other fields, from medicine to materials science. 航天航空技术的发展，推动了从医学到材料科学等无数其他领域的进步。 5. Exploring space reminds us of the fragility of our home planet and the importance of protecting it. 探索太空让我们意识到地球家园的脆弱，也让我们明白保护它的重要性。 6. Aviation has revolutionized global trade, tourism and communication, making the world more connected than ever. 航空彻底改变了全球贸易、旅游与通信，让世界的联系比以往任何时候都更紧密。 7. Astronauts’ courage to venture into the unknown sets a powerful example of human resilience and ambition. 宇航员勇闯未知的勇气，为人类的坚韧与志向树立了强有力的榜样。 8. Aerospace engineering combines science, technology and creativity to turn impossible dreams into reality. 航空航天工程融合了科学、技术与创造力，将不可能的梦想变为现实。 9. Space exploration unites nations in a common goal, fostering international cooperation and friendship. 航天探索让各国为了共同目标团结起来，促进国际合作与友谊。 10. The sky is not the limit; it is just the first step in humanity’s journey to explore the universe. 天空从来不是极限，它只是人类探索宇宙征程的第一步。 11. Advances in aviation safety and efficiency have made air travel one of the safest and most accessible forms of transport. 航空安全与效率的提升，让飞行成为最安全、最便捷的交通方式之一。 12. Studying space helps us answer fundamental questions about the origin of the universe and our place in it. 研究太空帮助我们解答关于宇宙起源、人类在宇宙中位置的根本问题。 13. Protecting our planet while exploring space ensures a sustainable future for both humanity and the aerospace industry. 在探索太空的同时守护地球，才能为人类与航天航空产业创造可持续的未来。 实战演练 Passage 1 (2024-2025广州期中）A Long March 5 rocket took off from the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan province on May 3, 2024. After flying for about 37 minutes, it successfully placed the Chang’e 6 robotic lunar probe (月球探测器) into an Earth-moon transfer trajectory (转移轨道). Several days later the probe was programmed to land on the moon’s far side and started its tasks, which would last about 53 days. This is the world’s first try to bring samples (样本) from the moon’s far side. For China, it’s the second sample-return moon journey. Chang’e 5 successfully brought samples from the moon in the winter of 2020. Up to now, 10 moon sample-return tasks have been carried out by the United States, the former Soviet Union (前苏联) and China, but all these samples were collected from the moon’s near side. The moon’s far side has always been a subject of scientific wonder because of its many mysteries. It’s facing away from Earth and it can never be seen from Earth. It was once called the “dark side of the moon” even though it receives just as much sunlight as the near side. Chinese researchers have found that the soil on the far side is much thicker than that on the near side, but they haven’t found out the reason. Samples brought back by Chang’e 5 have helped scientists find that there were volcanic (火山的) activities on the near side around 2 billion years ago. Some scientists think the volcanoes have been inactive on the far side in the past 4 billion years. Is it true? Samples from the far side will allow them to find out the answer. “Comparing the make-up of the far side samples from Chang’e 6 with those collected from the near side will be of great scientific value to the international community,” said Martin Sweeting, a famous professor of space engineering. 1. When did Chang’e 6 begin to work on the moon? A. On May 3, 2024. B. After flying for about 57 minutes. C. After landing on the moon’s far side. D. In the winter of 2020. 2. How many times has the world tried to bring samples from the moon’s far side? A. Ten times. B. Twice. C. Once. D. Zero. 3. According to the passage, the moon’s far side ________. A. receives less sunlight than the near side B. has more recent volcanic activities than the near side C. can be seen from Earth with powerful cameras D. has thicker soil compared with the near side 4. What situation does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. The volcanoes have not been active on the far side in the past 4 billion years. B. The volcanoes were not active on the far side 4 billion years ago. C. There weren’t any volcanoes on the far side around 4 billion years ago. D. There were many volcanic activities on the near side around 2 billion years ago. 5. What can we learn from Martin Sweeting’s words? A. Chang’e 6 will stay longer on the moon for more tasks. B. Chang’e 6 is carrying out a valuable task for the world. C. Chang’e 6 will bring samples from both sides of the moon. D. Chang’e 6 can compare samples before bringing them back. Passage 2 (2023-2024深圳期末）On May 3, a Long March-5 rocket took off from Hainan. It was carrying the Chang’e-6 spacecraft (航天器). After about 37 minutes, the spacecraft separated from the rocket and began its 53-day journey. The Chang’e-6 spacecraft has a special job. It’s going to collect rocks and soil from the far side of the moon and bring them back to Earth. “No other country has done this before,” said Wu Weiren, chief designer of China’s moon exploration program. The moon rotates (旋转) at the same speed as it moves around Earth. As a result, we always see the “near side” of the moon from Earth. “We still know very little about the moon’s far side. If we make it, we’ll give scientists new, first-hand information about the moon.” The Chang’e-6 spacecraft has a robotic arm. After it lands on the moon, the arm will start working. It will collect rocks and soil from the moon’s surface (表面) and put them in a special box. The spacecraft will then bring them back to Earth. How much will Chang’e-6 be able to collect? Scientists don’t know for sure. Their goal is about two kilograms. The spacecraft will land in an impact crater (撞击坑) called the SPA Basin. It is 2,500 kilometers wide. That’s about the distance between Beijing and Hainan. The SPA Basin has a history of over four billion years. It is the oldest and largest impact crater on the moon. Scientists believe that studying it may give us some of the earliest information about the moon. 1. When will the Chang’e-6 spacecraft return? A. On May 3. B. On June 9. C. On March 5. D. On June 25. 2. What can we know from Wu Weiren’s words in Paragraph 2? A. The Cheng’e-6 is making history. B. No other country has been to the moon. C. The moon’s near side has never been seen. D. Human have known much about the moon’s far side. 3. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. Why a robotic arm is used. B. How Chang’e-6 completes its job. C. What can be seen on the moon’s surface. D. How much soil and rocks will be collected. 4. Why is the SPA Basin chosen as the landing site? A. It is the smallest impact crater on the moon. B. It has been studied for over four billion years. C. It will give us earliest information about the Earth. D. It may provide understanding of the moon’s history. 5. In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the passage? A. Sports. B. Nature. C. Science. D. Education. Passage 3 (2022-2023广州期末）On the afternoon of March 23, 2022, Chinese astronauts on board China’s Tiangong space station gave a science lesson 400 kilometers above Earth. It was a great success. Do you still remember the first space lesson hosted by Wang Yaping in 2013? Helped by the other two astronauts, she gave the lesson to more than 60 million school children all over the country. When watching the science lesson from the Tiangong-1 on the morning of June 20, 2013, Wang Lutian, a 10-year-old disabled student at a special school in downtown Beijing, was drawing a colorful rocket in his classroom. “Moon ... stars ... a rocket to the sky,” Wang explained his work in a cheerful voice. At that time, he and more than 100 other disabled students were enjoying the lesson given by Wang Yaping, who talked about movements in micro-gravity (微重力) environments. “Zero gravity!” Qian Shaohong, another student at the school, shouted when he saw astronaut Nie Haisheng making a show of crossing his legs in mid-air. “Scientific knowledge has helped open a window for the children to know about the world,” said Zhang Yini, a teacher at the school. The lesson also increased interest in space science among teenagers living on the “roof (屋脊) of the world”. “I was most interested in the presentation of the ‘water ball’ in a gravity-free environment. It’s really amazing,” said Rigzin Jigme Doje, a high school student in Lhasa, Xizang. Describing himself as a lover of physics, “The lesson helps me stay true to my dream of becoming a physicist.” Doje added excitedly. The lesson also encouraged other Xizangan school children to relate the unknown world of outer space to their hometown. 1. The space lesson in 2013 was for ________. A. Chinese astronauts B. Chinese teachers C. school children in China D. scientists all over China 2. Which picture shows Nie Haisheng’s body movement according to the text? ________ A. B. C. D. 3. What does the underline sentence in paragraph 3 probably mean? ________ A. The lesson helps me become a lover of physics. B. The lesson helps me hold on to the dream of being a physicist. C. The lesson makes me interested in a physicist. D. The lesson makes my dream of being a physicist come true. 4. After watching the space lesson, the Xizangan students ________. A. had a new view of their high schools B. got an amazing “water ball” in space C. increased an understanding of the roof of the world D. developed a deep interest in the world of outer space Passage 4 (2023-2024深圳期末）In recent years, China has made a big step forward in exploring the moon. Three important probes (探测器) Chang’e 4, Chang’e 5, and Chang’e 6 were sent by China to the moon. Chang’e 4 was launched on December 8, 2018, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. Its main task was to land on the far side of the moon. There was no spaceship landing there before. Chang’e 4 studied the moon’s soil (土壤 ) and sent back many pictures. This probe helped scientists understand more about the far side of the moon. Chang’e 5 was launched on November 24, 2020, from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site, and it reached the moon seven days later. Its main task was to collect rocks and soil on the near side of the moon and bring them back to Earth. On December 17,2020, Chang’e 5 returned with samples (样本). Chang’e 6 was launched in May, 2024. It collected samples from the far side of the moon. This is important because it was the first samples from that part of the moon. Chang’e 6 will help scientists learn more about the moon’s environment and history. These probes help us understand the moon better and prepare for future space exploration. And China will send more probes to explore other planets, like Mars. 1. Where did Chang’e 4 launch? A. Jiuquan Spacecraft Launch Site. B. Xichang Spacecraft Launch Site. C. Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site. D. Taiyuan Spacecraft Launch Site. 2. When did Chang’e 5 get to the moon? A. On Nov. 24, 2020. B. On Dec. 8, 2018. C. On Dec. 1, 2020. D. On May 1, 2024. 3. What did Chang’e 5 bring back to Earth? A. Rocks and soil from the moon. B. Some pictures about the space. C. Soil and rock samples on Mars. D. Water samples from the moon. 4. Why is the first samples collected by Chang’e 6 important? A. Because it was the first probe sent by humans to the moon. B. Because it was the first samples from the far side of the moon. C. Because it showed that there was water source on the moon. D. Because it shows people can live on the moon in the future. 5. What is the purpose (目的) of this text? A. To call on more people to study the moon and Mars. B. To attract more people to travel to the moon one day. C. To show the moon is the most important part in space. D. To show China’s development in moon exploration. Passage 5 (2022-2023深圳期末）As space science develops, people have learned more and more about space. Space is not only amazing but also 1 . That is to say, while working in space, astronauts are facing success as well as danger. Scientists have 2 that the radiation (辐射) is the greatest danger to astronauts. When astronauts are working in space, the radiation from the sun and other stars is bad for their health. But the 3 of the radiation won’t be found until their children even grandchildren are born. Some special medicine may 4 a little, but no really effective medicine has been found so far. Space rubbish is also thought to be a great danger to astronauts. It's reported that there were 9,000 man made things flying in space. Those 5 things in space are called space rubbish. A small piece of these even knocked a spaceship window and caused some 6 . Although space is really dangerous, it interests many people on the Earth. For example, China 7 launched (发射) the Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship, 8 three astronauts to its space station. We may even 9 space and live there in a few years. It is our 10 to help protect the space environment, as it depends what our future life will be like. 1. A. beautiful B. dangerous C. strange D. peaceful 2. A. looked up B. picked up C. found out D. set off 3. A. difference B. harm C. meaning D. difficulty 4. A. work B. appear C. cause D. explain 5. A. important B. basic C. useless D. loud 6. A. illness B. excuse C. damage D. fear 7. A. recently B. hardly C. often D. really 8. A. asking B. agreeing C. holding D. sending 9. A. ask for B. decide on C. take place D. leave for 10. A. description B. attention C. responsibility D. technology Passage 6 China’s Tiangong Space Station has recently got a new hot-air oven (烤箱), bringing a delicious change to astronauts’ life in space. Astronauts from Shenzhou-21 and Shenzhou-22 became the first to 1 this oven, enjoying baked food like “Orleans-style” chicken wings hundreds of kilometers above Earth. Before this new oven, most space food was pre-cooked with few 2 choices. But now, the situation has 3 changed. A video showed that after heating chicken wings for 28 minutes, the astronauts got pleasant-smelling and soft baked food, which 4 high praise. However, baking in space is not a (n) 5 task. Expert Liu Weibao explained that smoke and oil fumes (油烟) were the main problems to solve. To solve this, the new oven uses advanced technology to separate out smoke and collect oil, 6 the air inside the space station stays clean. What’s more, it’s highly lasting and can 7 at least 500 times. This oven is part of China’s 8 to improve astronauts’ living conditions in space. Now the Tiangong Space Station 9 more than 190 types of food, with a new menu updated every 10 days. There is also a “space garden” where astronauts grow lettuce and cherry tomatoes to get fresh ingredients for their meals. Liu noted, “Self-baked food satisfies the need for taste and brings mental comfort to astronauts who live in small spaces for months.” Even in the huge space, a nice meal is truly the best comfort for those 10 astronauts. This new oven not only makes their diet better but shows China’s progress. 1. A. make B. buy C. use D. see 2. A. energy B. health C. lunch D. taste 3. A. hardly B. partly C. totally D. especially 4. A. won B. lost C. left D. gave 5. A. different B. simple C. necessary D. useful 6. A. finding out B. making sure C. working out D. pointing out 7. A. work B. open C. check D. count 8. A. rules B. adventures C. orders D. efforts 9. A. eats B. offers C. controls D. burns 10. A. open-handed B. well-known C. light-hearted D. hard-working 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 Space exploration 太空探索 话题阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 469 本文主要介绍了太空探索引发了科学技术的进步，造福了人类，提高了地球上的生活质量。 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 324 文章主要介绍了中国在2025年5月14日发射的全球首个太空计算网络“三体计算星座”，包括其组成、功能、优势及意义等内容。 实战演练 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 332 文主要介绍了中国嫦娥六号月球探测器成功发射并计划在月球背面采集样本的任务，以及这一任务对科学研究的重大意义。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 269 本文主要讲述了嫦娥六号飞船在月球的工作及其意义。 Passage 3 阅读理解 说明文 287 本文主要讲述了中国航天员在天宫空间站上成功举行了一次科学课。 Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 225 本文主要介绍了近年来中国在探索月球方面的成果。 Passage 5 完形填空 说明文 217 本文介绍了宇航员在太空可能遇到的两种主要危险。 Passage 6 完形填空 说明文 263 本文介绍了中国天宫空间站新增的热风烤箱。 时文阅读 话题谚语小知识 · The sky is not the limit, it’s just the beginning. —— Unknown 天空从来不是极限，而仅仅是起点。 —— 佚名 · Space is for everybody. It’s not just for a few people in science or math, or for a select group of astronauts. —— Christa McAuliffe 太空属于每一个人，它不只属于少数科研人员、数学家，也不只属于少数宇航员。 —— 克里斯塔・麦考利夫 · The important achievement of Apollo was demonstrating that humanity is not forever chained to this planet. —— Neil Armstrong 阿波罗计划的重要成就，在于证明了人类并非永远被束缚在这颗星球上。 —— 尼尔・阿姆斯特朗 · Exploration is in our nature. We began as wanderers, and we are wanderers still. —— Carl Sagan 探索是我们的天性。我们生来就是探索者，至今依然如此。 —— 卡尔・萨根 · The best way to predict the future is to invent it. —— Alan Kay 预测未来的最好方式，就是亲手创造它。 —— 艾伦・凯 · Astronomy compels the soul to look upwards and leads us from this world to another. —— Plato 天文学迫使灵魂仰望苍穹，引领我们从此世走向另一个世界。 —— 柏拉图 · We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard. —— John F. Kennedy 我们选择在这十年间登月，并完成其他壮举，不是因为它们轻而易举，而是因为它们充满挑战。 —— 约翰・F・肯尼迪 · The universe is a pretty big place. If it's just us, seems like an awful waste of space. —— Carl Sagan 宇宙是一个无比浩瀚的地方。如果只有我们存在，那未免太浪费空间了。 —— 卡尔・萨根 · Mankind was born on Earth. It was never meant to die here. —— Interstellar (Movie Quote) 人类诞生于地球，却绝不该葬身于此。 —— 《星际穿越》（电影台词） · The Earth is the cradle of humanity, but mankind cannot stay in the cradle forever. —— Konstantin Tsiolkovsky 地球是人类的摇篮，但人类永远不能停留在摇篮之中。 —— 康斯坦丁・齐奥尔科夫斯基 时文阅读 Passage A（太空探索和科学进步） On 20 July 1969, the world celebrated an important moment in history when American astronaut, Neil Armstrong, became the first man to walk on the moon, making a giant leap for humanity. For more than 50 years, human beings have tried many times to understand the space environment. These efforts have paid off. Today, we are in a better position to understand our universe in which we live, thanks to space exploration. Space exploration has triggered advances in science and technology which have benefitted humans and improved the quality of life on Earth. These benefits are related to space technology such as satellite communications, global positioning system(GPS) and weather forecasting. The development of satellite technology, for instance, makes telecommunications possible, connecting people from different parts of the world through satellite television, phones, radio and Internet access. Today, space technology also enables us to have virtual meetings and lessons, making work and study from home possible during the Covid-19 pandemic. With the excitement and curiosity generated, space exploration is attracting young people to careers in engineering, science, technology and mathematics, which creates innovations in science and technology. In countries such as America, Canada and Europe, space exploration has also generated jobs in fields related to engineering, technology and science. Even if interested youngsters do not end up in a job in these areas, space technology enriches their imagination about the possibility of life beyond Earth and space travel. To this end, space exploration continues to encourage human imagination, inspiring people to write stories and create movies, photographs and songs about space exploration. Although there are many benefits, space exploration has often been criticized for its high cost. According to the University of Florida, it costs about $500 million to launch a space shuttle and many argue that this money could be better spent on solving the problems on Earth such as hunger, pollution, diseases and climate change. Although space exploration cannot directly provide immediate solutions to these problems, it generates many useful technologies and new knowledge in sciences necessary to improve the conditions of human life on Earth. Every year, about a thousand innovations in the space programmes find their way into earthly technology that leads to better farming; better medical instruments; and more energy-efficient vehicles. As a result, the money spent on space exploration does finally benefit human beings. There is no doubt that space exploration has produced many benefits for humanity. It has also encouraged many to understand Earth and the universe in a deeper way. In the coming decade, we can continue to expect more exciting discoveries. We may eventually even find another planet where humans can live. 1. The words “triggered advances” in Paragraph 2 probably mean” ________” . A. led to great progress B. slowed down the speed C. set back future growth D. caught up the development 2. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A. The benefits created by space exploration. B. The high-tech jobs generated by space exploration. C. The imaginative art works inspired by space exploration. D. The abilities youngsters developed through space exploration. 3. According to the writer, the money spent on space exploration ________. A. solves the worst problems on Earth directly B. benefits humans through space programmes C. fails to improve the conditions of human life D. limits the development of earthly technology 4. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To introduce technology programmes in space exploration. B. To compare different jobs generated by space exploration. C. To present the benefits brought by space exploration. D. To encourage people to carry on space exploration. 【参考答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文主要介绍了太空探索引发了科学技术的进步，造福了人类，提高了地球上的生活质量。 1. 词义猜测题。根据“which have benefitted humans and improved the quality of life on Earth”（造福人类，提高地球上的生活质量）可知太空探索引发了科学技术的进步，所以“triggered advances”和“led to great progress”同义，故选A。 2. 段落大意题。根据“With the excitement and curiosity generated (产生), space exploration is attracting young people to careers in engineering, science, technology and mathematics, which creates innovations (创新) in science and technology.”以及“To this end, space exploration continues to encourage human imagination, inspiring (激励) people to write stories and create movies, photographs and songs about space exploration”可知第三段主要讲述了太空探索带来的好处。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据“...this money could be better spent on solving the problems on Earth such as hunger, pollution, diseases and climate change. Although space exploration cannot directly provide immediate solutions to these problems, it generates many useful technologies and new knowledge in sciences necessary to improve the conditions of human life on Earth.”可知作者认为，花在太空探索上的钱通过太空计划使人类受益。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据“There is no doubt that space exploration has produced many benefits for humanity. It has also encouraged many to understand Earth and the universe in a deeper way. In the coming decade, we can continue to expect more exciting discoveries. We may eventually even find another planet where humans can live.”（毫无疑问，太空探索给人类带来了许多好处。它还鼓励许多人以更深入的方式了解地球和宇宙。在接下来的十年里，我们可以继续期待更多令人兴奋的发现。我们甚至可能最终找到另一个人类可以居住的星球。）可推知作者写这篇文章的主要目的是鼓励人们进行太空探索。故选D。 重点词汇梳理 leap /liːp/ n. 跳跃 GPS 全球定位系统 virtual /ˈvɜːtʃuəl/ adj. 虚拟的 generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ v. 产生，生成 criticize /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/ v. 批评，批判 shuttle /ˈʃʌtl/ 穿梭班机，穿梭火箭 长难句解析 原句1：（第一段第一句）On 20 July 1969, the world celebrated an important moment in history when American astronaut, Neil Armstrong, became the first man to walk on the moon, making a giant leap for humanity. 译文：1969 年 7 月 20 日，全世界共同庆祝了一个历史性的重要时刻：美国宇航员尼尔・阿姆斯特朗成为首个踏上月球的人类，实现了人类的一次巨大飞跃。 分析：句子主干为 the world celebrated an important moment in history。On 20 July 1969 是时间状语，点明事件发生的时间；when American astronaut, Neil Armstrong, became the first man to walk on the moon 是定语从句，修饰先行词 an important moment in history，具体说明这个历史时刻的内容；making a giant leap for humanity 是现在分词作结果状语，补充说明阿姆斯特朗登月带来的意义与影响。 原句2：（第二段第一句）Space exploration has triggered advances in science and technology which have benefitted humans and improved the quality of life on Earth. 译文：太空探索推动了科学技术的进步，这些进步造福了人类，提升了地球上的生活质量。 分析：句子主干为 Space exploration has triggered advances in science and technology。which have benefitted humans and improved the quality of life on Earth 是定语从句，修饰先行词 advances in science and technology，说明科技进步带来的双重影响；从句中 benefitted humans 和 improved the quality of life on Earth 是并列的谓语结构，共同作从句的谓语。 译文 1969 年 7 月 20 日，全世界共同见证了一个历史性的重要时刻：美国宇航员尼尔・阿姆斯特朗成为首个踏上月球的人类，实现了人类的一次巨大飞跃。五十多年来，人类不断尝试探索太空环境，这些努力终有回报。如今，得益于太空探索，我们对自己赖以生存的宇宙有了更深刻的认知。 太空探索推动了科学技术的进步，这些进步造福了人类，提升了地球上的生活质量。这些益处与卫星通信、全球定位系统（GPS）、天气预报等航天技术息息相关。例如，卫星技术的发展让远程通信成为可能，通过卫星电视、电话、广播和互联网，连接起世界不同地区的人们。如今，航天技术还让我们能够开展线上会议与课程，在新冠疫情期间实现了居家办公与学习。 太空探索所激发的热情与好奇心，正吸引年轻人投身工程、科学、技术与数学领域的职业，进而推动科技创新。在美国、加拿大、欧洲等国家和地区，太空探索还创造了工程、技术、科学相关领域的就业岗位。即便感兴趣的年轻人最终没有从事这些领域的工作，航天技术也能丰富他们对地球外生命与太空旅行可能性的想象。正因如此，太空探索持续激发着人类的想象力，激励人们创作以太空探索为主题的故事、电影、摄影作品与歌曲。 尽管太空探索益处良多，却常因高昂的成本遭到批评。据佛罗里达大学数据，发射一架航天飞机的成本约为 5 亿美元，许多人认为这笔钱更应该用于解决地球上的饥饿、污染、疾病与气候变化等问题。虽然太空探索无法直接为这些问题提供立竿见影的解决方案，但它催生了诸多实用技术与科学新知，这些都是改善地球人类生活条件所必需的。 每年，航天项目中约有一千项创新成果落地民用技术，推动农业发展、医疗设备升级，以及更节能的交通工具问世。因此，投入太空探索的资金最终会造福全人类。 毫无疑问，太空探索为人类带来了诸多福祉，也让更多人以更深刻的方式认识地球与宇宙。在未来十年，我们有望迎来更多激动人心的发现，甚至最终找到另一颗适合人类居住的星球。 Passage B（三体计算星座） On May 14, 2025, China sent 12 new computing satellites into space. They used a Long March rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. This was a big step! It started the world’s first space computing network. It’s called the Three-body Computing Constellation (三体计算星座). The name comes from a physics problem about objects moving in space. These satellites can work right in orbit, not just send data to Earth. Zhejiang Lab, Guoxing Aerospace, and other groups made these satellites. Each one can do 744 trillion calculations every second! Together, they form a strong network. When they circle the Earth, they can analyze (分析) data quickly. For example, they can find forest fires in seconds. They can also make 3D maps of flooded areas to help rescue teams. Before, old-style satellites took days to do such jobs. Old satellites wasted a lot of time—70% to 90%—because of slow data sending. The new network fixes this. It works on data while in space, cutting delays from weeks to just seconds. It can help with deep-space trips, like going to Mars. By working in space, it avoids long waits for messages to reach Earth. The satellites use laser communication which is super fast (100Gbps!). They also use AI trained on huge data. These tools help track planes and watch for disasters. They can even study space events like gamma-ray bursts (伽马射线暴). By 2035, China plans to grow the network to 2,800 satellites. This will connect space and ground centers all over the world. Professor Wang Jian is a top engineer leading Zhejiang Lab. He said, “Space computing power will change industries. It will help in things like disaster response and city planning.” He led the team that made the satellites’ AI systems. This project shows how new ideas can turn problems into chances. It makes a path for smarter space exploration. 1. Why can the new satellites analyze data much faster than old-style ones? A. Because they are launched by more powerful rockets. B. Because they use a larger number of AI systems. C. Because they process data directly in orbit. D. Because they have a special shape that helps with data analysis. 2. What can we know about the new satellites from the passage? A. They can only be used to detect forest fires. B. They use traditional communication methods. C. Each satellite can do 744 billion calculations per second. D. They can help rescue teams by making 3D maps of flooded areas. 3. What does the underlined word “They” refer to in Paragraph 4? A. Forest fires. B. The new satellites. C. Old-style satellites. D. Laser communication. 4. Why does the passage mention Mars missions in Paragraph 3? A. To show that the new satellites can help with long-distance space exploration. B. To explain why Mars is easier to explore than Earth. C. To prove that old satellites could already support Mars missions. D. To compare Mars with Earth’s disaster problems. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The process of launching satellites from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. B. China’s achievement in creating the world’s first space computing network. C. The comparison between old-style and new satellites in data sending speed. D. The introduction of Professor Wang Jian and his work at Zhejiang Lab. 【参考答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国在2025年5月14日发射的全球首个太空计算网络“三体计算星座”，包括其组成、功能、优势及意义等内容。 1. 细节理解题。根据“These satellites can work right in orbit, not just send data to Earth.”以及“The new network fixes this. It works on data while in space, cutting delays from weeks to just seconds.”可知，新卫星能在轨道上直接处理数据，这是它比老式卫星分析数据快的原因。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“They can also make 3D maps of flooded areas to help rescue teams.”可知，新卫星可以通过制作洪水区域的3D地图来帮助救援队。故选D。 3. 词义猜测题。根据“The satellites use laser communication which is super fast (100Gbps!). They also use AI trained on huge data.”可知，这些卫星使用速度极快的激光通信，还运用了通过海量数据训练的人工智能；据此可以推断，划线单词“They”指代的是前文提到的“The satellites”，即新卫星。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据“It can help with deep-space trips, like going to Mars.”可知，提到火星任务是为了说明新卫星能够帮助进行远距离太空探索。故选A。 5. 主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文开篇介绍中国发射了世界首个太空计算网络，然后围绕其展开介绍，包括卫星的制造团队、功能、优势等，重点强调了中国在创建世界首个太空计算网络方面的成就。故选B。 重点词汇梳理 trillion /ˈtrɪljən/ num. 万亿，兆 analyze /ˈænəlaɪz/ v. 分析 response /rɪˈspɒns/ n. 反应，响应 长难句解析 原句1：（第三段第三句） It works on data while in space, cutting delays from weeks to just seconds. 译文：它能在太空中直接处理数据，将延迟从数周缩短至仅数秒。 分析：句子主干为 It works on data。while in space 是时间状语从句的省略形式，完整表达为 while it is in space，说明数据处理的场景；cutting delays from weeks to just seconds 是现在分词作结果状语，补充说明在轨处理数据带来的核心优势，即大幅缩短延迟 原句2：（第四段第一句）The satellites use laser communication which is super fast (100Gbps!). 译文：这些卫星采用超高速激光通信（速率达 100Gbps！） 分析：句子主干为 The satellites use laser communication，which is super fast (100Gbps!) 是定语从句，修饰先行词 laser communication，补充说明激光通信的速度优势。 译文 2025 年 5 月 14 日，中国将 12 颗新型计算卫星送入太空。这些卫星由长征火箭从酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空。这是意义重大的一步！它搭建起了全球首个太空计算网络，名为 “三体计算星座”。这个名字源自一个关于太空中物体运动的物理学问题。这些卫星可直接在轨道上开展工作，而不只是向地球传输数据。 浙江实验室、国星宇航等团队共同研制了这些卫星。每颗卫星每秒可完成 744 万亿次运算！它们共同组成了一个强大的网络。在环绕地球运行时，这些卫星能够快速分析数据：例如，它们可以在数秒内发现森林火灾，还能绘制洪水灾区的 3D 地图，为救援队伍提供支持。而在过去，传统卫星完成这类工作需要数天时间。 旧款卫星因数据传输速度慢，会浪费 70% 到 90% 的时间，而新型网络解决了这一问题。它能在太空中直接处理数据，将延迟从数周缩短至仅数秒。该网络还能为火星探测等深空任务提供支持，通过在太空中直接作业，避免了信息传回地球的漫长等待。 这些卫星采用超高速激光通信（速率达 100Gbps！），同时还搭载了基于海量数据训练的人工智能。这些技术可用于追踪飞机、监测灾害，甚至能研究伽马射线暴等太空事件。中国计划到 2035 年将该网络扩容至 2800 颗卫星，实现全球天地一体化互联。 王健教授是浙江实验室的首席工程师，他表示：“太空算力将重塑各行各业，为灾害应急、城市规划等领域提供助力。” 他带领团队研发了卫星的人工智能系统。该项目展示了创新理念如何将挑战转化为机遇，为更智能的太空探索开辟了道路。 话题写作佳句积累 1. Space exploration pushes the boundaries of human knowledge and inspires generations to dream bigger. 航天探索不断拓展人类知识的边界，激励一代又一代人追求更远大的梦想。 2. Aviation has turned the world into a global village, connecting people and cultures across continents. 航空让世界变成了地球村，连接起各大洲的人们与文化。 3. Every successful space mission is the result of years of hard work, innovation and unwavering teamwork. 每一次成功的航天任务，都是多年辛勤付出、技术创新与坚定团队协作的成果。 4. The development of aerospace technology drives progress in countless other fields, from medicine to materials science. 航天航空技术的发展，推动了从医学到材料科学等无数其他领域的进步。 5. Exploring space reminds us of the fragility of our home planet and the importance of protecting it. 探索太空让我们意识到地球家园的脆弱，也让我们明白保护它的重要性。 6. Aviation has revolutionized global trade, tourism and communication, making the world more connected than ever. 航空彻底改变了全球贸易、旅游与通信，让世界的联系比以往任何时候都更紧密。 7. Astronauts’ courage to venture into the unknown sets a powerful example of human resilience and ambition. 宇航员勇闯未知的勇气，为人类的坚韧与志向树立了强有力的榜样。 8. Aerospace engineering combines science, technology and creativity to turn impossible dreams into reality. 航空航天工程融合了科学、技术与创造力，将不可能的梦想变为现实。 9. Space exploration unites nations in a common goal, fostering international cooperation and friendship. 航天探索让各国为了共同目标团结起来，促进国际合作与友谊。 10. The sky is not the limit; it is just the first step in humanity’s journey to explore the universe. 天空从来不是极限，它只是人类探索宇宙征程的第一步。 11. Advances in aviation safety and efficiency have made air travel one of the safest and most accessible forms of transport. 航空安全与效率的提升，让飞行成为最安全、最便捷的交通方式之一。 12. Studying space helps us answer fundamental questions about the origin of the universe and our place in it. 研究太空帮助我们解答关于宇宙起源、人类在宇宙中位置的根本问题。 13. Protecting our planet while exploring space ensures a sustainable future for both humanity and the aerospace industry. 在探索太空的同时守护地球，才能为人类与航天航空产业创造可持续的未来。 实战演练 Passage 1 (2024-2025广州期中）A Long March 5 rocket took off from the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan province on May 3, 2024. After flying for about 37 minutes, it successfully placed the Chang’e 6 robotic lunar probe (月球探测器) into an Earth-moon transfer trajectory (转移轨道). Several days later the probe was programmed to land on the moon’s far side and started its tasks, which would last about 53 days. This is the world’s first try to bring samples (样本) from the moon’s far side. For China, it’s the second sample-return moon journey. Chang’e 5 successfully brought samples from the moon in the winter of 2020. Up to now, 10 moon sample-return tasks have been carried out by the United States, the former Soviet Union (前苏联) and China, but all these samples were collected from the moon’s near side. The moon’s far side has always been a subject of scientific wonder because of its many mysteries. It’s facing away from Earth and it can never be seen from Earth. It was once called the “dark side of the moon” even though it receives just as much sunlight as the near side. Chinese researchers have found that the soil on the far side is much thicker than that on the near side, but they haven’t found out the reason. Samples brought back by Chang’e 5 have helped scientists find that there were volcanic (火山的) activities on the near side around 2 billion years ago. Some scientists think the volcanoes have been inactive on the far side in the past 4 billion years. Is it true? Samples from the far side will allow them to find out the answer. “Comparing the make-up of the far side samples from Chang’e 6 with those collected from the near side will be of great scientific value to the international community,” said Martin Sweeting, a famous professor of space engineering. 1. When did Chang’e 6 begin to work on the moon? A. On May 3, 2024. B. After flying for about 57 minutes. C. After landing on the moon’s far side. D. In the winter of 2020. 2. How many times has the world tried to bring samples from the moon’s far side? A. Ten times. B. Twice. C. Once. D. Zero. 3. According to the passage, the moon’s far side ________. A. receives less sunlight than the near side B. has more recent volcanic activities than the near side C. can be seen from Earth with powerful cameras D. has thicker soil compared with the near side 4. What situation does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. The volcanoes have not been active on the far side in the past 4 billion years. B. The volcanoes were not active on the far side 4 billion years ago. C. There weren’t any volcanoes on the far side around 4 billion years ago. D. There were many volcanic activities on the near side around 2 billion years ago. 5. What can we learn from Martin Sweeting’s words? A. Chang’e 6 will stay longer on the moon for more tasks. B. Chang’e 6 is carrying out a valuable task for the world. C. Chang’e 6 will bring samples from both sides of the moon. D. Chang’e 6 can compare samples before bringing them back. 【参考答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国嫦娥六号月球探测器成功发射并计划在月球背面采集样本的任务，以及这一任务对科学研究的重大意义。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Several days later the probe was programmed to land on the moon’s far side and started its tasks, which would last about 53 days.”可知，嫦娥六号在月球背面着陆后开始执行任务。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“This is the world’s first try to bring samples (样本) from the moon’s far side.”可知，这是人类首次尝试从月球背面采集样本。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据“Chinese researchers have found that the soil on the far side is much thicker than that on the near side, but they haven’t found out the reason.”可知，月球背面的土壤比正面更厚。故选D。 4. 词义猜测题。根据“Some scientists think the volcanoes have been inactive on the far side in the past 4 billion years. Is it true?”可知，一些科学家认为，在过去40亿年里，背面的火山一直没有活动。这是真的吗？it指代“月球背面的火山在过去40亿年没有活动”。故选A。 5. 推理判断题。根据“Comparing the make-up of the far side samples from Chang’e 6 with those collected from the near side will be of great scientific value to the international community”可知，将嫦娥六号从背面采集的样本与从正面采集的样本进行比对，对于国际社会而言具有极高的科学价值。由此可知嫦娥六号正在为世界执行一项有价值的任务，故选B。 Passage 2 (2023-2024深圳期末）On May 3, a Long March-5 rocket took off from Hainan. It was carrying the Chang’e-6 spacecraft (航天器). After about 37 minutes, the spacecraft separated from the rocket and began its 53-day journey. The Chang’e-6 spacecraft has a special job. It’s going to collect rocks and soil from the far side of the moon and bring them back to Earth. “No other country has done this before,” said Wu Weiren, chief designer of China’s moon exploration program. The moon rotates (旋转) at the same speed as it moves around Earth. As a result, we always see the “near side” of the moon from Earth. “We still know very little about the moon’s far side. If we make it, we’ll give scientists new, first-hand information about the moon.” The Chang’e-6 spacecraft has a robotic arm. After it lands on the moon, the arm will start working. It will collect rocks and soil from the moon’s surface (表面) and put them in a special box. The spacecraft will then bring them back to Earth. How much will Chang’e-6 be able to collect? Scientists don’t know for sure. Their goal is about two kilograms. The spacecraft will land in an impact crater (撞击坑) called the SPA Basin. It is 2,500 kilometers wide. That’s about the distance between Beijing and Hainan. The SPA Basin has a history of over four billion years. It is the oldest and largest impact crater on the moon. Scientists believe that studying it may give us some of the earliest information about the moon. 1. When will the Chang’e-6 spacecraft return? A. On May 3. B. On June 9. C. On March 5. D. On June 25. 2. What can we know from Wu Weiren’s words in Paragraph 2? A. The Cheng’e-6 is making history. B. No other country has been to the moon. C. The moon’s near side has never been seen. D. Human have known much about the moon’s far side. 3. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. Why a robotic arm is used. B. How Chang’e-6 completes its job. C. What can be seen on the moon’s surface. D. How much soil and rocks will be collected. 4. Why is the SPA Basin chosen as the landing site? A. It is the smallest impact crater on the moon. B. It has been studied for over four billion years. C. It will give us earliest information about the Earth. D. It may provide understanding of the moon’s history. 5. In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the passage? A. Sports. B. Nature. C. Science. D. Education. 【参考答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 【导语】本文主要讲述了嫦娥六号飞船在月球的工作及其意义。 1. 推理判断题。根据“On May 3, a Long March-5 rocket took off from Hainan. It was carrying the Chang’e-6 spacecraft. After about 37 minutes, the spacecraft separated from the rocket and began its 53-day journey.”可知，5月3日，长征五号火箭从海南起飞，开始了它为期53天的旅程。53天后是6月25日。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据“No other country has done this before”及“…we always see the ‘near side’ of the moon from Earth. We still know very little about the moon’s far side.”可知，以前没有其他国家这样做过，可见“嫦娥六号”正在创造历史。故选A。 3. 段落大意题。根据“After it lands on the moon, the arm will start working. It will collect rocks and soil from the moon’s surface and put them in a special box. ”可知，本段主要介绍嫦娥六号如何工作的。故选B。 4. 细节理解题题。根据“The SPA Basin has a history of over four billion years. It is the oldest and largest impact crater on the moon. Scientists believe that studying it may give us some of the earliest information about the moon.”可知，科学家认为，研究SPA盆地可能会给我们一些关于月球的最早信息。故选D。 5. 推理判断题。根据“On May 3, a Long March-5 rocket took off from Hainan…”及最后一段“Scientists believe that studying it may give us some of the earliest information about the moon.”可知，本文主要讲述的是嫦娥六号飞船的相关内容，属于科学领域。故选C。 Passage 3 (2022-2023广州期末）On the afternoon of March 23, 2022, Chinese astronauts on board China’s Tiangong space station gave a science lesson 400 kilometers above Earth. It was a great success. Do you still remember the first space lesson hosted by Wang Yaping in 2013? Helped by the other two astronauts, she gave the lesson to more than 60 million school children all over the country. When watching the science lesson from the Tiangong-1 on the morning of June 20, 2013, Wang Lutian, a 10-year-old disabled student at a special school in downtown Beijing, was drawing a colorful rocket in his classroom. “Moon ... stars ... a rocket to the sky,” Wang explained his work in a cheerful voice. At that time, he and more than 100 other disabled students were enjoying the lesson given by Wang Yaping, who talked about movements in micro-gravity (微重力) environments. “Zero gravity!” Qian Shaohong, another student at the school, shouted when he saw astronaut Nie Haisheng making a show of crossing his legs in mid-air. “Scientific knowledge has helped open a window for the children to know about the world,” said Zhang Yini, a teacher at the school. The lesson also increased interest in space science among teenagers living on the “roof (屋脊) of the world”. “I was most interested in the presentation of the ‘water ball’ in a gravity-free environment. It’s really amazing,” said Rigzin Jigme Doje, a high school student in Lhasa, Xizang. Describing himself as a lover of physics, “The lesson helps me stay true to my dream of becoming a physicist.” Doje added excitedly. The lesson also encouraged other Xizangan school children to relate the unknown world of outer space to their hometown. 1. The space lesson in 2013 was for ________. A. Chinese astronauts B. Chinese teachers C. school children in China D. scientists all over China 2. Which picture shows Nie Haisheng’s body movement according to the text? ________ A. B. C. D. 3. What does the underline sentence in paragraph 3 probably mean? ________ A. The lesson helps me become a lover of physics. B. The lesson helps me hold on to the dream of being a physicist. C. The lesson makes me interested in a physicist. D. The lesson makes my dream of being a physicist come true. 4. After watching the space lesson, the Xizangan students ________. A. had a new view of their high schools B. got an amazing “water ball” in space C. increased an understanding of the roof of the world D. developed a deep interest in the world of outer space 【参考答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国航天员在天宫空间站上成功举行了一次科学课，这是继2013年王亚平主持第一次太空课后的又一次成功。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Do you still remember the first space lesson hosted by Wang Yaping in 2013? Helped by the other two astronauts, she gave the lesson to more than 60 million school children all over the country.”可知，2013年的太空课是为中国的学生们准备的。故选C。 2. 推理判断题。根据“Qian Shaohong, another student at the school, shouted when he saw astronaut Nie Haisheng making a show of crossing his legs in mid-air. ”可知，航天员聂海胜在半空中做交叉腿的表演，A项图片符合题意。故选A。 3. 词句猜测题。根据“Describing himself as a lover of physics, ‘The lesson helps me stay true to my dream of becoming a physicist.’ Doje added excitedly.”可知，Doje是物理学爱好者，由此推断这句话的意思是：这节课帮助我坚持成为一名物理学家的梦想。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据“The lesson also increased interest in space science among teenagers living on the ‘roof (屋脊) of the world’.”可知，看完太空课后，西藏学生对太空世界产生了浓厚的兴趣。故选D。 Passage 4 (2023-2024深圳期末）In recent years, China has made a big step forward in exploring the moon. Three important probes (探测器) Chang’e 4, Chang’e 5, and Chang’e 6 were sent by China to the moon. Chang’e 4 was launched on December 8, 2018, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. Its main task was to land on the far side of the moon. There was no spaceship landing there before. Chang’e 4 studied the moon’s soil (土壤 ) and sent back many pictures. This probe helped scientists understand more about the far side of the moon. Chang’e 5 was launched on November 24, 2020, from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site, and it reached the moon seven days later. Its main task was to collect rocks and soil on the near side of the moon and bring them back to Earth. On December 17,2020, Chang’e 5 returned with samples (样本). Chang’e 6 was launched in May, 2024. It collected samples from the far side of the moon. This is important because it was the first samples from that part of the moon. Chang’e 6 will help scientists learn more about the moon’s environment and history. These probes help us understand the moon better and prepare for future space exploration. And China will send more probes to explore other planets, like Mars. 1. Where did Chang’e 4 launch? A. Jiuquan Spacecraft Launch Site. B. Xichang Spacecraft Launch Site. C. Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site. D. Taiyuan Spacecraft Launch Site. 2. When did Chang’e 5 get to the moon? A. On Nov. 24, 2020. B. On Dec. 8, 2018. C. On Dec. 1, 2020. D. On May 1, 2024. 3. What did Chang’e 5 bring back to Earth? A. Rocks and soil from the moon. B. Some pictures about the space. C. Soil and rock samples on Mars. D. Water samples from the moon. 4. Why is the first samples collected by Chang’e 6 important? A. Because it was the first probe sent by humans to the moon. B. Because it was the first samples from the far side of the moon. C. Because it showed that there was water source on the moon. D. Because it shows people can live on the moon in the future. 5. What is the purpose (目的) of this text? A. To call on more people to study the moon and Mars. B. To attract more people to travel to the moon one day. C. To show the moon is the most important part in space. D. To show China’s development in moon exploration. 【参考答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了近年来中国在探索月球方面的成果：嫦娥四号、嫦娥五号和嫦娥六号三个重要的探测器。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Chang’e 4 was launched on December 8, 2018, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center.”可知，嫦娥四号于2018年12月8日在西昌卫星发射中心发射。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Chang’e 5 was launched on November 24, 2020, from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site, and it reached the moon seven days later.”可知，嫦娥五号于2020年11月24日发射升空，七天后成功登上月球，即2020年12月1日到达月球。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Its main task was to collect rocks and soil on the near side of the moon and bring them back to Earth.”可知，嫦娥五号的主要任务是收集月球近侧的岩石和土壤，并将它们带回地球。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段“It collected samples from the far side of the moon. This is important because it was the first samples from that part of the moon.”可知，嫦娥六号从月球背面收集样本，这很重要是因为这是第一个来自月球那部分的样本。故选B。 5. 主旨大意题。根据全文，特别是第一段“In recent years, China has made a big step forward in exploring the moon. Three important probes (探测器) Chang’e 4, Chang’e 5, and Chang’e 6 were sent by China to the moon.”可知，主要介绍了近年来中国在探索月球方面的成果。故选D。 Passage 5 (2022-2023深圳期末）As space science develops, people have learned more and more about space. Space is not only amazing but also 1 . That is to say, while working in space, astronauts are facing success as well as danger. Scientists have 2 that the radiation (辐射) is the greatest danger to astronauts. When astronauts are working in space, the radiation from the sun and other stars is bad for their health. But the 3 of the radiation won’t be found until their children even grandchildren are born. Some special medicine may 4 a little, but no really effective medicine has been found so far. Space rubbish is also thought to be a great danger to astronauts. It's reported that there were 9,000 man made things flying in space. Those 5 things in space are called space rubbish. A small piece of these even knocked a spaceship window and caused some 6 . Although space is really dangerous, it interests many people on the Earth. For example, China 7 launched (发射) the Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship, 8 three astronauts to its space station. We may even 9 space and live there in a few years. It is our 10 to help protect the space environment, as it depends what our future life will be like. 1. A. beautiful B. dangerous C. strange D. peaceful 2. A. looked up B. picked up C. found out D. set off 3. A. difference B. harm C. meaning D. difficulty 4. A. work B. appear C. cause D. explain 5. A. important B. basic C. useless D. loud 6. A. illness B. excuse C. damage D. fear 7. A. recently B. hardly C. often D. really 8. A. asking B. agreeing C. holding D. sending 9. A. ask for B. decide on C. take place D. leave for 10. A. description B. attention C. responsibility D. technology 【参考答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了宇航员在太空可能遇到的两种主要危险：辐射和太空垃圾，并指出我们有责任帮助保护太空环境。 1. 句意：太空不仅令人惊叹，而且也危险。 beautiful美丽的；dangerous危险的；strange奇怪的；peaceful和平的。由下一句“That is to say, while working in space, astronauts are facing success as well as danger.”可知，太空也很危险。故选B。 2. 句意：科学家已经查明辐射对宇航员来说是最大的危险。 looked up查阅；picked up捡起；found out找出；set off出发。由下一句“When astronauts are working in space, the radiation from the sun and other stars is bad for their health.”可知，科学家已经查明对宇航员来说最大的危险是来源于辐射。故选C。 3. 句意：但是直到他们的孩子甚至孙子出生，辐射的危害才会被发现。 difference 差别；harm危害；meaning意义；difficulty困难。由上一句“When astronauts are working in space, the radiation from the sun and other stars is bad for their health.”可知，直到后辈出生才会发现辐射的危害。故选B。 4. 句意：一些特殊药物可能有点作用，但到目前为止还没有发现真正有效的药物。 work起作用；appear出现；cause引起；explain解释。由“but no really effective medicine has been found so far.”可知，还没有研发出真正有效的药物，现有的一些特殊药物可能只有一点点作用。故选A。 5. 句意：太空中那些无用的东西被称为太空垃圾。 important重要的；basic基础的；useless无用的；loud大声的。由“are called space rubbish”可推断，太空中的这些东西应该是没有用的。故选C。 6. 句意：这些当中的一小块甚至撞上太空船的窗户并造成一些损坏。 illness疾病；excuse借口；damage损坏；fear担心。由上文“Space rubbish is also thought to be a great danger to astronauts.”可推断，太空垃圾撞上太空船的窗户是会造成一些损坏的。故选C。 7. 句意：例如，中国最近发射了神舟十六号载人飞船，将三名宇航员送往了空间站。 recently最近；hardly几乎不；often经常；really的确。由“launched （发射） the Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship”可知，中国发射神舟十六号载人飞船这件事已发生。故选A。 8. 句意：例如，中国最近发射了神舟十六号载人飞船，将三名宇航员送往了空间站。 asking问；agreeing赞同；holding拿；sending送。由“it interests many people on the Earth.”和“manned spaceship”可知，中国发射的神舟十六号飞船上面是载人的。故选D。 9. 句意：我们甚至可能在几年后离开去太空并在那里生活。 ask for请求……；decide on就……做出决定；take place发生；leave for前往（某地）。由“and live there in a few years”可知，应是前往太空，然后才谈得上在那里生活。故选D。 10. 句意：帮助保护太空环境是我们的责任，因为这关系到我们未来的生活。 description描述；attention注意（力）；responsibility责任；technology技术。由上文对辐射和太空垃圾的危害的描述和下文“as it depends what our future life will be like.”可知，我们有责任帮助保护好太空环境。故选C。 Passage 6 China’s Tiangong Space Station has recently got a new hot-air oven (烤箱), bringing a delicious change to astronauts’ life in space. Astronauts from Shenzhou-21 and Shenzhou-22 became the first to 1 this oven, enjoying baked food like “Orleans-style” chicken wings hundreds of kilometers above Earth. Before this new oven, most space food was pre-cooked with few 2 choices. But now, the situation has 3 changed. A video showed that after heating chicken wings for 28 minutes, the astronauts got pleasant-smelling and soft baked food, which 4 high praise. However, baking in space is not a (n) 5 task. Expert Liu Weibao explained that smoke and oil fumes (油烟) were the main problems to solve. To solve this, the new oven uses advanced technology to separate out smoke and collect oil, 6 the air inside the space station stays clean. What’s more, it’s highly lasting and can 7 at least 500 times. This oven is part of China’s 8 to improve astronauts’ living conditions in space. Now the Tiangong Space Station 9 more than 190 types of food, with a new menu updated every 10 days. There is also a “space garden” where astronauts grow lettuce and cherry tomatoes to get fresh ingredients for their meals. Liu noted, “Self-baked food satisfies the need for taste and brings mental comfort to astronauts who live in small spaces for months.” Even in the huge space, a nice meal is truly the best comfort for those 10 astronauts. This new oven not only makes their diet better but shows China’s progress. 1. A. make B. buy C. use D. see 2. A. energy B. health C. lunch D. taste 3. A. hardly B. partly C. totally D. especially 4. A. won B. lost C. left D. gave 5. A. different B. simple C. necessary D. useful 6. A. finding out B. making sure C. working out D. pointing out 7. A. work B. open C. check D. count 8. A. rules B. adventures C. orders D. efforts 9. A. eats B. offers C. controls D. burns 10. A. open-handed B. well-known C. light-hearted D. hard-working 【参考答案】1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. D 【导语】本文介绍了中国天宫空间站新增的热风烤箱，讲述了它为航天员太空生活带来的改变、技术难点与解决方案，以及它对改善航天员饮食、体现中国航天进步的意义。 1. 句意：神舟二十一号和神舟二十号的航天员成为首批使用这台烤箱的人，在地球上空数百公里处享用了奥尔良烤翅等烘焙食品。 烤箱是用来使用的，应用use（使用）。make（制作）、buy（购买）、see（看见）均不符。 2. 句意：在这台新烤箱出现之前，大多数太空食品都是预煮好的，几乎没有口味选择。 预煮食品的问题是口味单一，应用taste（口味）。energy（能量）、health（健康）、lunch（午餐）均不符。 3. 句意：但现在，情况完全改变了。 烤箱的出现彻底改变了太空饮食，应用totally（完全地）。hardly（几乎不）、partly（部分地）、especially（尤其）均不符。 4. 句意：一段视频显示，在加热鸡翅28分钟后，航天员吃到了香气扑鼻、口感软糯的烘焙食物，赢得了高度赞扬。 食物美味会赢得赞扬，应用won（赢得）。lost（失去）、left（留下）、gave（给予）均不符。 5. 句意：然而，在太空中烘焙并不是一件简单的任务。 后文提到油烟等技术难题，说明烘焙不简单，应用simple（简单的）。different（不同的）、necessary（必要的）、useful（有用的）均不符。 6. 句意：为了解决这个问题，新烤箱采用先进技术分离烟雾、收集油污，确保空间站内的空气保持清洁。 烤箱的技术是为了保证空气清洁，应用making sure（确保）。finding out（查明）、working out（解决）、pointing out（指出）均不符。 7. 句意：此外，它非常耐用，可以至少使用500次。 耐用指可以多次工作，应用work（工作）。open（打开）、check（检查）、count（计数）均不符。 8. 句意：这台烤箱是中国改善航天员太空生活条件的努力的一部分。 改善生活条件是努力的成果，应用efforts（努力）。rules（规则）、adventures（冒险）、orders（命令）均不符。 9. 句意：现在天宫空间站提供超过190种食物，每10天更新一次新菜单。 空间站为航天员提供食物，应用offers（提供）。eats（吃）、controls（控制）、burns（燃烧）均不符。 10. 句意：即使在浩瀚的太空中，一顿美味的饭菜对那些辛勤工作的航天员来说，确实是最好的慰藉。 航天员在太空辛勤工作，应用hard-working（辛勤工作的）。open-handed（慷慨的）、well-known（著名的）、light-hearted（轻松的）均不符。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $