抢分05：认知研究与心理发展（热点话题）（抢分专练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲练测

抢分05 认知研究与心理发展（热点话题） 热点导读 热点集训 认知研究与心理发展 (Cognitive Research & Psychological Development) 核心内涵 关注记忆力、专注力、情绪管理、压力调节、成长型思维、青少年心理与行为研究 考查角度 实验结论理解、研究细节辨析、观点态度、因果推理、数据解读 备考重点 熟悉心理学研究类篇章特点；掌握心理学术语；提升实验数据与结论的解读能力 相关词汇 resilience (心理韧性), self-esteem, emotional intelligence 语法填空 青少年心理健康受社交媒体与学业压力影响严重，家校社需协同干预与心理支持。 选词填空 研究证实 3D 电影可锻炼大脑、提升认知与反应速度，或能延缓老年认知功能衰退。 完形填空 咖啡香气可产生安慰剂效应，提升分析能力与警觉性，有望应用于办公与学习环境。 阅读理解 A：分年龄段解析大脑认知发展规律，不同时期特点各异，影响学习、创造与决策能力。 B：提出 “临界大脑假说”，大脑在有序与无序临界点运行，睡眠助其回归临界状态。 概要写作 脑力劳动与体力劳动同样耗神，消耗能量并引发情绪耗竭，需劳逸结合与边界管理。 一、语法填空 Teenagers’ mental health has become a pressing global issue, with a recent survey by The Guardian showing that over 40% of young people aged 13 to 18 suffer from frequent anxiety, 1 root cause lies in the overuse of social media and increasing academic pressure. As the survey points out, many teenagers spend more than four hours a day on social platforms, 2 (exposed) to endless comparisons and negative comments that deepen their sense of inferiority. What surprises experts most is 3 most parents fail to notice the subtle changes in their children’s mental state, such as sudden withdrawal from social activities or persistent mood swings. Even though schools have launched some mental health courses, they 4 (not design) to address the root causes of teenagers’ anxiety, leaving many young people without proper guidance when they are in trouble. A team of psychologists from the University of Oxford suggests that parents 5 (spend) more quality time with their children, listening to their worries rather than just focusing on their exam scores. 6 they may be busy with work, parents should try their best to accompany their children, as teenagers feel that their voices are heard and their feelings are valued only when they get enough care. It is also important that schools cooperate with professional mental health organizations 7 professional counselors can work closely with teachers. The survey also finds that 8 (take) part in regular physical activities or joining interest clubs helps teenagers reduce anxiety, for these activities help them release stress and build confidence. Solving the teenage mental health crisis requires joint efforts from families, schools and society. No matter how difficult the process may be, we must stick to it, 9 every young person deserves a healthy and happy adolescence. Only in this way 10 we help teenagers grow into positive and resilient adults who can face the challenges of the future bravely. 二、选词填空 A．standard    B．experienced    C． potentially    D．orderly    E. extremely     F. terms    G. power    H. benefit    I. compared    J. noticeable    K. scanned Paying more for a ticket to see a film in 3D is the cause of annoyance of many a cinemagoer’s life. But there may be a(n) 11 to doing so, as a study has claimed that 3D films exercise the brain and improve short-term functioning in a similar way to brain-training tests. The research was led by neuroscientist (神经科学家) Dr Patrick Fagan from Goldsmiths University in London. More than 100 people took part in the experiment, where participants watched Disney film Big Hero 6 in either 12 type or RealD 3D．They also carried out a brain-training-style test before and after seeing a part from the film. The test covered memory, reaction time and cognitive (认知的) function, and the results were later 13 . According to the research, participants 14 a 23 per cent increase in cognitive processing, as well as an 11 percent increase in reaction time. Dr Fagan said that the results showed enough of an improvement in brain function to suggest that 3D could play a part in improving brain 15 in the future. “These findings are more significant than you might think,” he said. “It is a fact that people are living longer and there is a(n) 16 decline in cognitive brain function in old age which can damage future quality of life. There has never been a better time to look at ways to improve brain function. The initial results of this study indicate that 3D films may 17 play a role in slowing this decline.” A second part of the experiment involved those watching the film being fitted with headsets (耳机) that 18 brain activity and this too showed heightened activity when watching 3D．According to the results, participants were seven percent more engaged with what they were watching, adding to the argument that 3D movies are more like watching real-life-something. “A seven percent rise in emotional engagement is 19 remarkable. Watching in 3D gives the viewer such an enriched and quality experience, as these results show,” he said. “In evolutionary 20 , the results of both parts of the test certainly make sense. 3D films are more likely to heighten the senses and cause emotional arousal—this, in turn, makes the brain run at quicker speeds,” Dr Fagan added. 三、完形填空 The scent of coffee appears to enhance performance in math Drinking coffee has benefits. 21 the physical improvement, coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease. Coffee may even help us live longer. Now, research also reveals that the scent (气味) of coffee may help people perform better on the analytical portion of the Graduate Management Aptitude Test, or GMAT, a computer adaptive test 22 by many business schools. The work, led by famous professor Adriana Madzharov, not only 23 the hidden force of scent and the cognitive (认知) improvement it may provide on analytical tasks, but also the expectation that students will perform better on those tasks. Madzharov, with his colleagues, recently published their findings. “It’s not just that the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks, which was already 24 ,” says Madzharov. “But they also thought they would do better, and we demonstrated that this 25 was at least partly responsible for their improved performance.” 26 , smelling a coffee-like scent, which has no caffeine in it, has an effect similar to that of drinking coffee, suggesting a placebo (安慰剂) effect of coffee scent. Madzharov’s team tested 100 undergraduate business students, divided into two groups, with GMAT algebra questions. One group took the test in the 27 of a coffee-like scent, while a control group took the same test—but in an unscented room. They found that the group in the coffee-smelling room scored 28 higher on the test. Madzharov’s team wanted to know more. Could the first group’s performance in quick thinking be explained, in part, by an expectation that a coffee scent would increase 29 and consequently improve performance? The team designed a follow-up survey, conducted among more than 200 new participants, quizzing them on 30 about various scents and their effects on human performance. Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent, in contrast with a flower scent or no scent; and that 31 to coffee scent would increase their performance on mental tasks. The results suggest that expectation about performance can be explained by beliefs that coffee scent alone makes people more alert and energetic. Madzharov is now looking to explore whether coffee-like scents can have a(n) 32 placebo effect on other types of performance, such as verbal reasoning. She also says that the finding-that coffee-like scent acts as a placebo for analytical reasoning performance—has many practical 33 , including several for business. “Sense of smelling is one of our most powerful senses,” says Madzharov. “Employers, architects, building developers, retail space managers and others, can use scents to help 34 employees’ or occupants’ experience with their environment. It’s an area of great interest and 35 .” 21．A．In contrast to B．Contrary to C．In addition to D．Equivalent to 22．A．acquired B．required C．justified D．inquired 23．A．contributes B．stimulates C．dominates D．highlights 24．A．encouraging B．confusing C．conflicting D．challenging 25．A．responsibility B．demonstration C．expectation D．explanation 26．A．In short B．By comparison C．In particular D．After all 27．A．lack B．absence C．withdrawal D．presence 28．A．typically B．significantly C．delightedly D．appropriately 29．A．comprehension B．alertness C．conscience D．context 30．A．evidence B．definition C．symptom D．belief 31．A．adaptation B．commitment C．exposure D．alternative 32．A．similar B．concrete C．modified D．estimated 33．A．simplifications B．descriptions C．resignations D．applications 34．A．boost B．evaluate C．exploit D．prospect 35．A．negotiation B．priority C．potential D．strategy 四、阅读理解 A Your brain, from early life to old age We’re born helpless and foolish. As we mature, experience and schooling teach us useful things, and we get woke. Then, year by year, we slip back into mental weakness. That’s the picture most of us have of intelligence. Unfortunately, it’s stupid. Research reveals that each period of cognitive (认知的) development offers learning strategies as well as balances between opposing strategies. It is that combination of “aha” (when expressing sudden insight)and “duh”(when showing evident stupidity in learning) that actually makes humans truly intelligent. It, in other words, shapes the way we learn, think, judge, find and solve problems. 0-18 months A baby brain forms 1 million new nerve connections each second, helping her to develop emotions, motor skills, attachments, and working memory. At 11months, she can already form assumptions about how the world works. At 18 months, she has a sense of self. 2-5 years When it comes to learning abstract concepts, preschoolers beat adults. At 4 years old, 66 percent of calories are headed to her brain—fuel for the exploration and creative thinking that define this period. By the time she finishes preschool, her gray matter has increased four times in size. 6-11 years The brain of a 6-year-old has reached 90 percent of its adult size. Weeding out nerve connections speeds up as the brain gets rid of unused connections. The prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮层) starts to develop more, resulting in longer attention durations, and an increased reliance on language and logic to learn. 12-24 years Adolescence marks a return to the nerve flexibility and plasticity that characterized her preschool years. But she’s not living in a protected context. A reliance on the amygdala—a center for emotions, urges, and instinctive behaviors—might result in trademark “risk-taking. ” 25-59 years By the time she reaches adulthood, prefrontalcontrol is at its peak. A developed frontal part helps her plan for the future and control her urges, but there’s evidence that creativity and mental flexibility takes a big hit. Learning anything surprising? Also a lot harder. 60+years Bring on short-term-memory loss, diseases related to nerve degeneration, and declines in conceptual reasoning. Still, other cognitive abilities continue to grow. Skills involving vocabulary, math and verbal comprehension are among them. 36．The word “It” in paragraph 1 most probably refers to ________. A．humans’ ongoing brain science research B．the mix of intelligence and unintelligence C．the common understanding of intelligence D．humans’ ability to make sensible judgements 37．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Preschool children aged 2 to 5 have abstract learning abilities close to those of adults. B．A six-year-old’s brain is almost adult-sized with its prefrontal cortex fully developed. C．Adults between 25 and 59 find it much tougher to learn unexpected new knowledge. D．People over 60 experience partial memory loss and constant growth in math skills. 38．Suppose you are a 17-year-old hoping to boost creativity before university. Which of the following schedules would best match your brain’s current features according to the passage? A．Start a gap year to tour three countries along a fixed route. B．Do the same writing drill to improve writing skills each day. C．Join an AI workshop to pilot various original robot projects. D．Take a part-time tutoring job to earn extra money regularly. B What makes the brain able to help us perform complex tasks in an amazing way? Precision isn’t the answer; instead, it all comes down to the brain’s messiness. Hengen, a biologist at Washington University, together with other scientists, refers to this idea as the critical brain hypothesis (假说). According to them, grey matter in our brain lies near a tipping point between order and disorder that they call the critical zone. They reach the conclusion that criticality — the state of being in the critical zone — offers a powerful set of guidelines for understanding brain function and dysfunction. Therefore, the hypothesis may aid us to figure out the divide in intelligence and the purpose of sleep, among other things. What makes people smarter? That the healthy brain, while awake, never moves too far from criticality suggests that it must carry some great advantages. One of them is the range of information sending and processing. Since the critical systems are scale-invariant, signals can be passed over both small and large distances in the brain, which enables communication both within and between different brain regions. The fact that a healthy brain can explore the entire space for solutions guarantees its excellent adaptiveness to new situations. And the enhanced flexibility arising from the critical zone could be seen in an experiment done in Finland. The participants had to play a computer game that constantly changed its rules, which required them to update their approach quickly. The closer their brains were to the critical point, the better they performed. It is also suspected that the brain’s closeness to the critical point may be especially important for creativity. Why do people sleep? Large departures from the critical zone — either into order or disorder — may cause brain dysfunction. The longer we work the brain, the further it moves from the tipping point, but sleep helps to tune it back. Hengen found that without that rest period, the brain would fail to reach its best state, resulting in the reduction of cognitive (认知的) performance that has long been known to accompany sleeplessness. According to O’Byrne from the University of Montreal, the most important function of sleep may be to allow the brain’s connections to be adjusted and to return whole-brain dynamics to the critical point. 39．What does the expression this idea in paragraph 2 mean? A．The structure of the brain is a complex system. B．Precision of the tasks affects the brain’s function. C．The brain is able to complete given tasks in an amazing way. D．Messiness of the brain enables it to handle complex problems. 40．It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that ______. A．adaptability is not as closely connected to criticality as creativity B．the changing rules promotes people’s performance in playing games C．signals’ quick passing in the brain represents its excellent adaptiveness D．closeness to criticality allows cross-regional communication in the brain 41．What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A．Frequent use of brain moves it from disorder. B．Sleep can serve to enlarge brain’s critical zone. C．Sleep aids in bringing the brain back to criticality. D．Brain’s approaching criticality causes sleeplessness. 42．What is the passage mainly about? A．When the brain reaches and leaves the tipping point. B．What the critical brain hypothesis means and reveals. C．How criticality affects different people’s intelligence. D．Why brain function and dysfunction are so important. 五、概要写作 Mental work Many people believe that physical work is more exhausting than mental work. However, recent research in psychology has shown that mental work can be just as tiring as physical work. Mental work can be emotionally, cognitively (认知地) , and physically exhausting, leading to feelings of tiredness, burnout, and even physical discomfort. Mental work requires a lot of focus and attention, which consumes a significant amount of mental energy and willpower, especially when we engage in tasks requiring long periods of concentration. Complex thinking and cognitively demanding tasks can actually burn calories. According to some research, the average person burns about 320 calories on a typical day just from thinking. A lot of mental work can be emotionally wearing. People working in professions can experience emotional exhaustion due to the constant emotional demands of their jobs. Psychologists refer to this as emotional labor. It especially applies to jobs where we deal with many different people and personalities throughout the day, such as responding to customer complaints. These workers are asked to smile and be happy all day, even when they are overloaded, stressed, or depressed. To prevent mental exhaustion, it is important to recognize the signs of mental exhaustion and take proactive steps to prevent burnout. One of the most effective ways is to take regular breaks throughout the day, which can help us recharge our mental batteries, reduce stress, and increase our overall productivity. Furthermore, the key to a healthy work-life balance lies in setting boundaries between work and personal life, managing our workload, and prioritizing self-care activities like exercise. By taking care of our mental energy levels, we can improve our overall well-being and lead a more fulfilling life. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 抢分05 认知研究与心理发展（热点话题） 热点导读 热点集训 认知研究与心理发展 (Cognitive Research & Psychological Development) 核心内涵 关注记忆力、专注力、情绪管理、压力调节、成长型思维、青少年心理与行为研究 考查角度 实验结论理解、研究细节辨析、观点态度、因果推理、数据解读 备考重点 熟悉心理学研究类篇章特点；掌握心理学术语；提升实验数据与结论的解读能力 相关词汇 resilience (心理韧性), self-esteem, emotional intelligence 语法填空 青少年心理健康受社交媒体与学业压力影响严重，家校社需协同干预与心理支持。 选词填空 研究证实 3D 电影可锻炼大脑、提升认知与反应速度，或能延缓老年认知功能衰退。 完形填空 咖啡香气可产生安慰剂效应，提升分析能力与警觉性，有望应用于办公与学习环境。 阅读理解 A：分年龄段解析大脑认知发展规律，不同时期特点各异，影响学习、创造与决策能力。 B：提出 “临界大脑假说”，大脑在有序与无序临界点运行，睡眠助其回归临界状态。 概要写作 脑力劳动与体力劳动同样耗神，消耗能量并引发情绪耗竭，需劳逸结合与边界管理。 一、语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Teenagers’ mental health has become a pressing global issue, with a recent survey by The Guardian showing that over 40% of young people aged 13 to 18 suffer from frequent anxiety, 1 root cause lies in the overuse of social media and increasing academic pressure. As the survey points out, many teenagers spend more than four hours a day on social platforms, 2 (exposed) to endless comparisons and negative comments that deepen their sense of inferiority. What surprises experts most is 3 most parents fail to notice the subtle changes in their children’s mental state, such as sudden withdrawal from social activities or persistent mood swings. Even though schools have launched some mental health courses, they 4 (not design) to address the root causes of teenagers’ anxiety, leaving many young people without proper guidance when they are in trouble. A team of psychologists from the University of Oxford suggests that parents 5 (spend) more quality time with their children, listening to their worries rather than just focusing on their exam scores. 6 they may be busy with work, parents should try their best to accompany their children, as teenagers feel that their voices are heard and their feelings are valued only when they get enough care. It is also important that schools cooperate with professional mental health organizations 7 professional counselors can work closely with teachers. The survey also finds that 8 (take) part in regular physical activities or joining interest clubs helps teenagers reduce anxiety, for these activities help them release stress and build confidence. Solving the teenage mental health crisis requires joint efforts from families, schools and society. No matter how difficult the process may be, we must stick to it, 9 every young person deserves a healthy and happy adolescence. Only in this way 10 we help teenagers grow into positive and resilient adults who can face the challenges of the future bravely. 【答案】 1．whose 2．exposed 3．that 4．are not designed 5．should spend/spend 6．Though/Although 7．where 8．taking 9．for 10．can 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章基于《卫报》外刊素材，结合牛津大学心理学家团队的研究与相关调查，分析了青少年心理健康危机的现状、成因，提出了家庭、学校及社会层面的应对措施。 1．考查定语从句。句意：青少年的心理健康已成为一个紧迫的全球性问题，《卫报》最近的一项调查显示，超过40%的13至18岁的年轻人经常感到焦虑，其根源在于过度使用社交媒体和学业压力的增加。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为anxiety，空格后root cause与先行词为所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：正如调查指出的那样，许多青少年每天在社交平台上花费超过四个小时，暴露在无休止的比较和负面评论中，这加深了他们的自卑感。此处应为非谓语动词作状语，expose与逻辑主语many teenagers之间为被动关系，be exposed to为固定搭配，意为“暴露于……”，所以应用过去分词作状语。故填exposed。 3．考查表语从句。句意：最让专家们惊讶的是，大多数家长没有注意到孩子心理状态的细微变化，比如突然退出社交活动或持续的情绪波动。此处引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。 4．考查时态和语态。句意：尽管学校开设了一些心理健康课程，但它们并不是为了解决青少年焦虑的根本原因而设计的，这让许多年轻人在遇到困难时得不到适当的指导。此处应为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述的是客观情况，所以应用一般现在时，主语they指代mental health courses，design与主语之间为被动关系，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are not designed。 5．考查虚拟语气。句意：牛津大学的一组心理学家建议，家长应该花更多高质量的时间陪伴孩子，倾听他们的担忧，而不是只关注他们的考试成绩。suggest意为“建议”，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即“(should+)动词原形”，should可以省略。故填(should) spend。 6．考查状语从句。句意：尽管父母可能忙于工作，但他们应该尽力陪伴孩子，因为只有当青少年得到足够的关爱时，他们才会感到自己的声音被听到、自己的感受被重视。此处引导状语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“尽管”，所以应用Though或Although引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Though/Although。 7．考查定语从句。句意：学校与专业心理健康组织合作也很重要，这样专业顾问就可以与教师密切合作。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为professional mental health organizations，在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：调查还发现，参加定期的体育活动或加入兴趣俱乐部有助于青少年减少焦虑，因为这些活动帮助他们释放压力，建立信心。空格处与joining interest clubs并列，作主语，表示一般性的动作，所以应用动名词形式taking。故填taking。 9．考查连词。句意：无论这个过程多么困难，我们都必须坚持下去，因为每个年轻人都应该拥有一个健康快乐的青春期。此处表示原因，用for引导并列句，说明前一句的原因。故填for。 10．考查倒装句。句意：只有这样，我们才能帮助青少年成长为积极、有韧性的成年人，勇敢地面对未来的挑战。“Only+状语”置于句首，主句用部分倒装，结合句意，此处表示“能够”，用情态动词can，倒装后将can置于主语we之前。故填can。 二、选词填空 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.   A．standard    B．experienced    C． potentially    D．orderly    E. extremely     F. terms    G. power    H. benefit    I. compared    J. noticeable    K. scanned Paying more for a ticket to see a film in 3D is the cause of annoyance of many a cinemagoer’s life. But there may be a(n) 11 to doing so, as a study has claimed that 3D films exercise the brain and improve short-term functioning in a similar way to brain-training tests. The research was led by neuroscientist (神经科学家) Dr Patrick Fagan from Goldsmiths University in London. More than 100 people took part in the experiment, where participants watched Disney film Big Hero 6 in either 12 type or RealD 3D．They also carried out a brain-training-style test before and after seeing a part from the film. The test covered memory, reaction time and cognitive (认知的) function, and the results were later 13 . According to the research, participants 14 a 23 per cent increase in cognitive processing, as well as an 11 percent increase in reaction time. Dr Fagan said that the results showed enough of an improvement in brain function to suggest that 3D could play a part in improving brain 15 in the future. “These findings are more significant than you might think,” he said. “It is a fact that people are living longer and there is a(n) 16 decline in cognitive brain function in old age which can damage future quality of life. There has never been a better time to look at ways to improve brain function. The initial results of this study indicate that 3D films may 17 play a role in slowing this decline.” A second part of the experiment involved those watching the film being fitted with headsets (耳机) that 18 brain activity and this too showed heightened activity when watching 3D．According to the results, participants were seven percent more engaged with what they were watching, adding to the argument that 3D movies are more like watching real-life-something. “A seven percent rise in emotional engagement is 19 remarkable. Watching in 3D gives the viewer such an enriched and quality experience, as these results show,” he said. “In evolutionary 20 , the results of both parts of the test certainly make sense. 3D films are more likely to heighten the senses and cause emotional arousal—this, in turn, makes the brain run at quicker speeds,” Dr Fagan added. 【答案】 11．H 12．A 13．I 14．B 15．G 16．J 17．C 18．K 19．E 20．F 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项研究成果，3D电影对人的大脑有锻炼的作用。研究通过实验发现，通过观看3D电影，人的大脑在认知和反应方面的功能可以得到提高，并且可以延缓老年人大脑功能的衰退。 11．考查动词。句意：但是，这样做可能有一个理由，因为一项研究声称3D电影能锻炼大脑，并以类似于大脑训练测试的方式改善短期功能。句中“as a study has claimed that 3D films exercise the brain”表达的是观看3D电影的好处，可知前面说的是这样做的好处。因此推断benefit“好处”符合语境。故选H。 12．考查形容词。句意：超过100人参加了实验，在实验中，参与者观看了迪士尼电影《超能陆战队》，分别以2D和RealD 3D格式观看。句中either…or…用来连接两个表示选择关系的对象，后面是Real 3D，前面也应该是某种类型，standard type标志某种类型的电影。故选A。 13．考查动词。句意：测试包括记忆、反应时间和认知功能，稍后进行了结果的比较。句中“The test covered memory，reaction time and cognitive (认知的)function”表达测试的内容，因此推断得出的结果要进行比较compare；句中的results是比较的对象，位于句首，要用被动语态．故选I。 14．考查动词。句意：根据研究，参与者的认知处理能力提高了23%，反应时间也提高了11%。此处表达的是根据这项研究的要求，参与测试的人要体验B项experience认知过程和反应时间；文章讲述的是过去的事实，要用一般过去时态．故选B。 15．考查名词。句意：法根博士说，这些结果显示出大脑功能的足够改善，表明3D在未来可能在改善大脑功能方面发挥作用。文章第一段的“3D films exercise the brain and improve short-term functioning”表示3D电影可以锻炼大脑，改善大脑的功能。power“能力”符合语境。故选G。 16．考查形容词。句意：人们寿命更长是一个事实，老年时认知大脑功能自然下降，这可能会损害未来的生活质量。根据句意并结合事实可知，此处表达的是事实表明年纪大了，大脑的认知功能会有明显的（noticeable）下降。故选J。 17．考查名词。句意：这项研究的初步结果表明，3D电影可能在减缓这种下降中发挥作用。结合前文内容，此处表达的是研究表明3D电影可能（potentially）在延缓这种认知下降中起到重要作用。故选C。 18．考查动词。句意：实验的第二部分涉及观看电影的人被戴上耳机，监测大脑活动，这也显示了观看3D时活动增强。根据下文“this too showed heightened activity when watching 3D”可知，此处表达的是通过佩戴耳机，可以扫描（scanned）参与者在观看电影时大脑的活动。故选K。 19．考查副词。句意：情感参与度提高7%是非常显著的。句中是用来修饰形容词remarkable，用副词extremely表示强调的语气。故选E。 20．考查形容词。句意：从进化的角度来看，测试两部分的结果确实有道理。空处修饰名词用形容词作定语，根据句意和希望“3D films are more likely to heighten the senses and cause emotional arousal—this, in turn, makes the brain run at quicker speeds(3D电影更有可能增强感官并引起情感唤起——这反过来又使大脑以更快的速度运行)”可知，in evolutionary terms“从进化论的角度而言”符合语境。故选F。 三、完形填空 The scent of coffee appears to enhance performance in math Drinking coffee has benefits. 21 the physical improvement, coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease. Coffee may even help us live longer. Now, research also reveals that the scent (气味) of coffee may help people perform better on the analytical portion of the Graduate Management Aptitude Test, or GMAT, a computer adaptive test 22 by many business schools. The work, led by famous professor Adriana Madzharov, not only 23 the hidden force of scent and the cognitive (认知) improvement it may provide on analytical tasks, but also the expectation that students will perform better on those tasks. Madzharov, with his colleagues, recently published their findings. “It’s not just that the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks, which was already 24 ,” says Madzharov. “But they also thought they would do better, and we demonstrated that this 25 was at least partly responsible for their improved performance.” 26 , smelling a coffee-like scent, which has no caffeine in it, has an effect similar to that of drinking coffee, suggesting a placebo (安慰剂) effect of coffee scent. Madzharov’s team tested 100 undergraduate business students, divided into two groups, with GMAT algebra questions. One group took the test in the 27 of a coffee-like scent, while a control group took the same test—but in an unscented room. They found that the group in the coffee-smelling room scored 28 higher on the test. Madzharov’s team wanted to know more. Could the first group’s performance in quick thinking be explained, in part, by an expectation that a coffee scent would increase 29 and consequently improve performance? The team designed a follow-up survey, conducted among more than 200 new participants, quizzing them on 30 about various scents and their effects on human performance. Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent, in contrast with a flower scent or no scent; and that 31 to coffee scent would increase their performance on mental tasks. The results suggest that expectation about performance can be explained by beliefs that coffee scent alone makes people more alert and energetic. Madzharov is now looking to explore whether coffee-like scents can have a(n) 32 placebo effect on other types of performance, such as verbal reasoning. She also says that the finding-that coffee-like scent acts as a placebo for analytical reasoning performance—has many practical 33 , including several for business. “Sense of smelling is one of our most powerful senses,” says Madzharov. “Employers, architects, building developers, retail space managers and others, can use scents to help 34 employees’ or occupants’ experience with their environment. It’s an area of great interest and 35 .” 21．A．In contrast to B．Contrary to C．In addition to D．Equivalent to 22．A．acquired B．required C．justified D．inquired 23．A．contributes B．stimulates C．dominates D．highlights 24．A．encouraging B．confusing C．conflicting D．challenging 25．A．responsibility B．demonstration C．expectation D．explanation 26．A．In short B．By comparison C．In particular D．After all 27．A．lack B．absence C．withdrawal D．presence 28．A．typically B．significantly C．delightedly D．appropriately 29．A．comprehension B．alertness C．conscience D．context 30．A．evidence B．definition C．symptom D．belief 31．A．adaptation B．commitment C．exposure D．alternative 32．A．similar B．concrete C．modified D．estimated 33．A．simplifications B．descriptions C．resignations D．applications 34．A．boost B．evaluate C．exploit D．prospect 35．A．negotiation B．priority C．potential D．strategy 【答案】 21．C 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．B 30．D 31．C 32．A 33．D 34．A 35．C 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。研究表明，咖啡的香味似乎能提高人们分析任务的表现。这一发现还能应用到许多商业上。 21．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：除了身体上的改善，咖啡还可以降低我们患心脏病的风险。A. In contrast to与……形成对照；B. Contrary to违反，与……相反；C. In addition to另外，除……之外；D. Equivalent to等于，相当于。根据后文“coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease”可知，咖啡还能降低我们患心脏病的作用，因此此处表示除了身体上的改善还有其他好处。故选C。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，研究还显示，咖啡的香味可能有助于人们在研究生管理能力测试(Graduate Management Aptitude Test，简称GMAT)的分析部分表现得更好，GMAT是许多商学院要求的计算机适应性测试。A. acquired取得，获得；B. required需要，要求；C. justified调整；D. inquired询问，问明。根据空前“a computer adaptive test”可知，此处表示GMAT是许多商学院要求的计算机适应性测试。故选B。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项由著名教授Adriana Madzharov领导的研究，不仅强调了气味的隐藏力量，以及它可能在分析任务中提供的认知改善，而且还期望学生在这些任务中会表现得更好。A. contributes奉献；B. stimulates刺激，鼓舞；C. dominates控制，统治；D. highlights使突出，强调。根据空文“the hidden force of scent and the cognitive improvement”可知，此处指这项研究强调了咖啡气味的隐藏力量。故选D。 24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Madzharov说：“这不仅仅是因为咖啡的香味可以帮助人们更好地完成分析任务，这已经是令人鼓舞的了。”A. encouraging令人鼓舞的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. conflicting相矛盾的，冲突的；D. challenging挑战的。根据上文“the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks”可知，咖啡的香味可以帮助人们更好地完成分析任务，这结果是令人鼓舞的。故选A。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但他们也认为自己会做得更好，我们证明，这种预期至少在一定程度上是他们表现的改善的原因。”A. responsibility责任；B. demonstration证明；C. expectation预期；D. explanation解释。根据后文的词义复现“an expectation that a coffee scent would increase　　9　　and consequently improve performance”可知，咖啡香味可以提高他们的表现，这是一个预期，因此这种预期在一定程度上改善了他们的表现。故选C。 26．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：简而言之，闻一种不含咖啡因的类似咖啡的气味，其效果与喝咖啡的效果相似，表明咖啡气味具有安慰剂效应。A. In short总之，简言之；B. By comparison相比之下，比较起来；C. In particular尤其，特别；D. After all毕竟。根据前文““It’s not just that the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks, which was already　　4　　,” says Madzharov. “But they also thought they would do better, and we demonstrated that this　　5　　was at least partly responsible for their improved performance.””和后文“smelling a coffee-like scent, which has no caffeine in it, has an effect similar to that of drinking coffee, suggesting a placebo (安慰剂) effect of coffee scent.”可知，空后是对空前的总结，故应用短语in short表示结论。故选A。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一组在有咖啡香味的房间里做测试，而另一组在没有香味的房间里做同样的测试。A. lack缺乏，不足；B. absence缺席；C. withdrawal撤退，收回；D. presence存在，出席。根据后文“while a control group took the same test—but in an unscented room”可知，另一组在没有香气的房间，因此这一组是在有咖啡香味的房间里做测试。in the presence意为“存在，有……”。故选D。 28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，在有咖啡香味房间的这一组这一次在测试上得分要高得多。A. typically典型地；B. significantly显著地，相当地；C. delightedly高兴地；D. appropriately合适地。根据空后“higher on the test”可知，此在有咖啡香味房间的这一组这一次在测试上得分要高得多。因此应用副词significantly修饰形容词higher。故选B。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一组人在快速思考方面的表现，在某种程度上讲，是否可以用一种期望来解释，即咖啡香味会提高警觉性，从而改善表现？A. comprehension理解，包含；B. alertness警觉；C. conscience良心；D. context环境，上下文。根据后文的词义复现“Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent”可知，参加者认为咖啡的香气能让他们更加警觉、更充满活力，故此处指咖啡香味会提高警觉性。故选B。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该团队设计了一项后续调查，对200多名新参与者进行了调查，询问他们对各种气味的看法及其对人类表现的影响。A. evidence证据；B. definition定义；C. symptom症状；D. belief信念，看法。根据空后“about various scents”可知，此处用belief表示对各种气味的看法。故选D。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：参与者认为，与有花香或没有花香相比，他们在有咖啡香味的环境中会更加警觉和精力充沛；而暴露在咖啡气味中会提高他们在脑力活动中的表现。A. adaptation适应；B. commitment承诺，保证；C. exposure暴露，接触；D. alternative替代品。根据上文“Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent”可知，参加者认为咖啡的香气能让他们更加警觉、更充满活力，因此暴露在咖啡气味中会提高他们在脑力活动中的表现。故选C。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Madzharov现在正在研究类似咖啡的气味是否会对其他类型的表现产生类似的安慰剂效应，比如语言推理。A. similar相似的；B. concrete具体的，实在的；C. modified改进的，修改的；D. estimated估计的，预计的。根据前文“The results suggest that expectation about performance can be explained by beliefs that coffee scent alone makes people more alert and energetic.”可知，实验结果表明，咖啡香气能让人更警惕更充满活力，从改善表现，因此Madzharov继续研究咖啡的气味是否会对其他类型的表现产生相似的安慰剂效应。故选A。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她还表示，这一发现——类似咖啡的气味可以作为分析推理能力的安慰剂——有许多实际应用，包括一些商业应用。A. simplifications简单化；B. descriptions描述，描写；C. resignations辞职，放弃；D. applications应用。根据后文“including several for business”可知，包括几个商业方面，故此处指她的这一发现还有着许多实际的应用。故选D。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：雇主、建筑师、建筑开发商、零售空间经理和其他人都可以使用香气来帮助增强员工或居住者对环境的体验。A. boost增加，提高；B. evaluate评价，估价；C. exploit开发，开拓；D. prospect勘探，勘察。根据上文““Sense of smelling is one of our most powerful senses,””可知，嗅觉是我们最强大的感官之一，因此可以使用气味来帮助增强员工或居住者对环境的体验。故选A。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个极具吸引力和潜力的领域。A. negotiation谈判，转让；B. priority优先；C. potential潜能；D. strategy策略。根据前文“Employers, architects, building developers, retail space managers and others, can use scents to help　　14　　employees’ or occupants’ experience with their environment.”可知，雇主、建筑师、建筑开发商、零售空间经理和其他人都可以使用香气来帮助增强员工或居住者对环境的体验，因此这是一个极具吸引力和潜力的领域。故选C。 四、阅读理解 A Your brain, from early life to old age We’re born helpless and foolish. As we mature, experience and schooling teach us useful things, and we get woke. Then, year by year, we slip back into mental weakness. That’s the picture most of us have of intelligence. Unfortunately, it’s stupid. Research reveals that each period of cognitive (认知的) development offers learning strategies as well as balances between opposing strategies. It is that combination of “aha” (when expressing sudden insight)and “duh”(when showing evident stupidity in learning) that actually makes humans truly intelligent. It, in other words, shapes the way we learn, think, judge, find and solve problems. 0-18 months A baby brain forms 1 million new nerve connections each second, helping her to develop emotions, motor skills, attachments, and working memory. At 11months, she can already form assumptions about how the world works. At 18 months, she has a sense of self. 2-5 years When it comes to learning abstract concepts, preschoolers beat adults. At 4 years old, 66 percent of calories are headed to her brain—fuel for the exploration and creative thinking that define this period. By the time she finishes preschool, her gray matter has increased four times in size. 6-11 years The brain of a 6-year-old has reached 90 percent of its adult size. Weeding out nerve connections speeds up as the brain gets rid of unused connections. The prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮层) starts to develop more, resulting in longer attention durations, and an increased reliance on language and logic to learn. 12-24 years Adolescence marks a return to the nerve flexibility and plasticity that characterized her preschool years. But she’s not living in a protected context. A reliance on the amygdala—a center for emotions, urges, and instinctive behaviors—might result in trademark “risk-taking. ” 25-59 years By the time she reaches adulthood, prefrontalcontrol is at its peak. A developed frontal part helps her plan for the future and control her urges, but there’s evidence that creativity and mental flexibility takes a big hit. Learning anything surprising? Also a lot harder. 60+years Bring on short-term-memory loss, diseases related to nerve degeneration, and declines in conceptual reasoning. Still, other cognitive abilities continue to grow. Skills involving vocabulary, math and verbal comprehension are among them. 36．The word “It” in paragraph 1 most probably refers to ________. A．humans’ ongoing brain science research B．the mix of intelligence and unintelligence C．the common understanding of intelligence D．humans’ ability to make sensible judgements 37．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Preschool children aged 2 to 5 have abstract learning abilities close to those of adults. B．A six-year-old’s brain is almost adult-sized with its prefrontal cortex fully developed. C．Adults between 25 and 59 find it much tougher to learn unexpected new knowledge. D．People over 60 experience partial memory loss and constant growth in math skills. 38．Suppose you are a 17-year-old hoping to boost creativity before university. Which of the following schedules would best match your brain’s current features according to the passage? A．Start a gap year to tour three countries along a fixed route. B．Do the same writing drill to improve writing skills each day. C．Join an AI workshop to pilot various original robot projects. D．Take a part-time tutoring job to earn extra money regularly. 【答案】36．B 37．C 38．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类大脑从出生到老年不同阶段的认知发展特点。 36．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“That’s the picture most of us have of intelligence. Unfortunately, it’s stupid. Research reveals that each period of cognitive (认知的) development offers learning strategies as well as balances between opposing strategies. It is that combination of “aha” (when expressing sudden insight)and “duh”(when showing evident stupidity in learning) that actually makes humans truly intelligent.(这是我们大多数人对智力的看法。不幸的是，这很愚蠢。研究表明，每个认知发展阶段都提供了学习策略，以及相反策略之间的平衡。正是这种“啊哈”（表达突然的领悟时）和“呃”（在学习中表现出明显的愚蠢时）的结合，才真正使人类变得聪明。)”可知，前文提到大多数人对智力的看法是愚蠢的，接着说研究揭示了认知发展阶段的特点，而真正使人类聪明的是“啊哈”和“呃”的结合，也就是智力和看似愚蠢的这种混合，所以“It”指代的是“the mix of intelligence and unintelligence”。故选B项。 37．细节理解题。根据“25-59 years”部分中的“By the time she reaches adulthood, prefrontal control is at its peak. A developed frontal part helps her plan for the future and control her urges, but there’s evidence that creativity and mental flexibility takes a big hit. Learning anything surprising? Also a lot harder.(当她达到成年时，前额叶控制达到顶峰。发达的前额叶部分帮助她规划未来和控制冲动，但有证据表明，创造力和思维灵活性受到很大打击。学习任何令人惊讶的东西？也难得多了。)”可知，25 - 59岁的成年人发现学习意想不到的新知识要困难得多。故选C项。 38．推理判断题。根据“12-24 years”部分中的“Adolescence marks a return to the nerve flexibility and plasticity that characterized her preschool years. But she’s not living in a protected context. A reliance on the amygdala—a center for emotions, urges, and instinctive behaviors—might result in trademark “risk - taking.(青春期标志着神经灵活性和可塑性的回归，这是她学龄前时期的特点。但她并不是生活在一个受保护的环境中。依赖杏仁核——一个情感、冲动和本能行为的中心——可能会导致标志性的“冒险行为”。)”可知，17岁属于青春期，大脑具有神经灵活性和可塑性，适合进行一些有创造性和探索性的活动。A选项“开始一个间隔年，沿着固定路线游览三个国家”，固定路线缺乏探索性；B选项“每天做同样的写作练习来提高写作技能”，比较单一重复；D选项“定期做兼职家教工作来赚外快”，与提升创造力无关；C选项“参加人工智能研讨会，试点各种原创机器人项目”，具有创造性和探索性，符合大脑当前特征。故选C项。 B What makes the brain able to help us perform complex tasks in an amazing way? Precision isn’t the answer; instead, it all comes down to the brain’s messiness. Hengen, a biologist at Washington University, together with other scientists, refers to this idea as the critical brain hypothesis (假说). According to them, grey matter in our brain lies near a tipping point between order and disorder that they call the critical zone. They reach the conclusion that criticality — the state of being in the critical zone — offers a powerful set of guidelines for understanding brain function and dysfunction. Therefore, the hypothesis may aid us to figure out the divide in intelligence and the purpose of sleep, among other things. What makes people smarter? That the healthy brain, while awake, never moves too far from criticality suggests that it must carry some great advantages. One of them is the range of information sending and processing. Since the critical systems are scale-invariant, signals can be passed over both small and large distances in the brain, which enables communication both within and between different brain regions. The fact that a healthy brain can explore the entire space for solutions guarantees its excellent adaptiveness to new situations. And the enhanced flexibility arising from the critical zone could be seen in an experiment done in Finland. The participants had to play a computer game that constantly changed its rules, which required them to update their approach quickly. The closer their brains were to the critical point, the better they performed. It is also suspected that the brain’s closeness to the critical point may be especially important for creativity. Why do people sleep? Large departures from the critical zone — either into order or disorder — may cause brain dysfunction. The longer we work the brain, the further it moves from the tipping point, but sleep helps to tune it back. Hengen found that without that rest period, the brain would fail to reach its best state, resulting in the reduction of cognitive (认知的) performance that has long been known to accompany sleeplessness. According to O’Byrne from the University of Montreal, the most important function of sleep may be to allow the brain’s connections to be adjusted and to return whole-brain dynamics to the critical point. 39．What does the expression this idea in paragraph 2 mean? A．The structure of the brain is a complex system. B．Precision of the tasks affects the brain’s function. C．The brain is able to complete given tasks in an amazing way. D．Messiness of the brain enables it to handle complex problems. 40．It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that ______. A．adaptability is not as closely connected to criticality as creativity B．the changing rules promotes people’s performance in playing games C．signals’ quick passing in the brain represents its excellent adaptiveness D．closeness to criticality allows cross-regional communication in the brain 41．What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A．Frequent use of brain moves it from disorder. B．Sleep can serve to enlarge brain’s critical zone. C．Sleep aids in bringing the brain back to criticality. D．Brain’s approaching criticality causes sleeplessness. 42．What is the passage mainly about? A．When the brain reaches and leaves the tipping point. B．What the critical brain hypothesis means and reveals. C．How criticality affects different people’s intelligence. D．Why brain function and dysfunction are so important. 【答案】39．D 40．D 41．C 42．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“临界大脑假说”，解释了大脑的“混乱状态”使其能高效处理复杂任务，并阐述了临界状态与智力、睡眠之间的关系。 39．词句猜测题。根据第一段“What makes the brain able to help us perform complex tasks in an amazing way? Precision isn’t the answer; instead, it all comes down to the brain’s messiness.(是什么让大脑能够以惊人的方式帮助我们完成复杂的任务？精确度不是答案；相反，这一切都归结于大脑的混乱。)”以及第二段中的“Hengen, a biologist at Washington University, together with other scientists, refers to this idea as the critical brain hypothesis (假说).(华盛顿大学的生物学家Hengen和其他科学家将这一想法称为临界大脑假说。)”可知，这里的“this idea”指的是前文提到的大脑的混乱能让它处理复杂问题。故选D项。 40．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Since the critical systems are scale-invariant, signals can be passed over both small and large distances in the brain, which enables communication both within and between different brain regions.(由于关键系统具有尺度不变性，信号可以在大脑中远距离和近距离传递，这使得不同大脑区域内部和之间的通信成为可能。)”可知，接近临界状态允许大脑进行跨区域通信。故选D项。 41．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Why do people sleep? Large departures from the critical zone — either into order or disorder — may cause brain dysfunction. The longer we work the brain, the further it moves from the tipping point, but sleep helps to tune it back.(人为什么要睡觉？严重偏离临界区——无论是走向有序还是无序——都可能导致大脑功能障碍。我们使用大脑的时间越长，它离临界点就越远，但睡眠有助于将其调整回来。)”可知，睡眠有助于将大脑带回临界状态。故选C项。 42．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“According to them, grey matter in our brain lies near a tipping point between order and disorder that they call the critical zone. They reach the conclusion that criticality — the state of being in the critical zone — offers a powerful set of guidelines for understanding brain function and dysfunction.(根据他们的说法，我们大脑中的灰质位于有序和无序之间的一个临界点附近，他们称之为临界区。他们得出的结论是，临界性——处于临界区的状态——为理解大脑功能和不功能提供了一套强有力的指导方针。)”以及后文围绕临界大脑假说展开的介绍可知，文章主要介绍了临界大脑假说的含义和揭示的内容。故选B项。 五、概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Mental work Many people believe that physical work is more exhausting than mental work. However, recent research in psychology has shown that mental work can be just as tiring as physical work. Mental work can be emotionally, cognitively (认知地) , and physically exhausting, leading to feelings of tiredness, burnout, and even physical discomfort. Mental work requires a lot of focus and attention, which consumes a significant amount of mental energy and willpower, especially when we engage in tasks requiring long periods of concentration. Complex thinking and cognitively demanding tasks can actually burn calories. According to some research, the average person burns about 320 calories on a typical day just from thinking. A lot of mental work can be emotionally wearing. People working in professions can experience emotional exhaustion due to the constant emotional demands of their jobs. Psychologists refer to this as emotional labor. It especially applies to jobs where we deal with many different people and personalities throughout the day, such as responding to customer complaints. These workers are asked to smile and be happy all day, even when they are overloaded, stressed, or depressed. To prevent mental exhaustion, it is important to recognize the signs of mental exhaustion and take proactive steps to prevent burnout. One of the most effective ways is to take regular breaks throughout the day, which can help us recharge our mental batteries, reduce stress, and increase our overall productivity. Furthermore, the key to a healthy work-life balance lies in setting boundaries between work and personal life, managing our workload, and prioritizing self-care activities like exercise. By taking care of our mental energy levels, we can improve our overall well-being and lead a more fulfilling life. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Recent research reveals mental work can be as tiring as physical labor, for it demands focus, consumes mental energy and burns calories. Much mental work also leads to emotional exhaustion caused by constant emotional demands. To prevent this, steps like regular breaks and maintaining a work-life balance are essential. (51words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，脑力劳动可能和体力劳动一样累人，因为它需要集中注意力，消耗脑力，燃烧卡路里。大量的脑力劳动也会导致持续的情感需求所导致的情感疲惫。为了防止这种情况，定期休息和保持工作与生活的平衡是必不可少的。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① Many people believe that physical work is more exhausting than mental work. However, recent research has shown that mental work can be just as tiring as physical work. ② Mental work requires focus and attention, consuming mental energy and willpower, and can even burn calories. ③ A lot of mental work can be emotionally wearing, leading to emotional exhaustion. ④ To prevent mental exhaustion, take regular breaks, maintain a work-life balance, and prioritize self-care. 2. 缜密构思 将第1点作为引言，概括文章主题；将第2、3点合并，阐述脑力劳动导致疲劳的原因；将第4点作为结论，提出预防脑力疲劳的方法。 3. 遣词造句 Recent research indicates that mental work can be equally tiring as physical labor. This is because mental work demands concentration, consumes mental energy, and can even lead to emotional exhaustion due to constant emotional demands. To avoid this, taking regular breaks and maintaining a healthy work-life balance are crucial. 【点睛】[高分句型1]Recent research reveals mental work can be as tiring as physical labor, for it demands focus, consumes mental energy and burns calories. （运用了for引导的原因状语从句） [高分句型2] Much mental work also leads to emotional exhaustion caused by constant emotional demands. （运用了过去分词作定语）。 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $