期中复习讲义 Unit 4 A good read · 考点13：must与have to的辨析2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

译林版·八年级英语下册期中复习 ——Unit 4 A good read · 考点13：must与have to的辨析 本考点源自Unit 4 Grammar。must和have to都可以表示“必须”，但它们的用法、语气、否定形式和时态变化有很大不同。掌握这两个词的辨析，对单项选择、完形填空和写作都至关重要。 一、基本含义对比 must：表示“必须”，强调说话人的主观看法，即“我认为有必要”。 have to：表示“不得不”，强调客观需要或外界要求，即“环境迫使我必须做”。 I must finish my homework. (我自己觉得必须完成) I have to finish my homework. (老师要求或作业太多，不得不做) 二、用法详细对比 1. 来源不同 — must：主观义务，说话人认为有必要。 — have to：客观需要，外界条件迫使。 You must see a doctor. (我认为你应该去看医生) I have to see a doctor. (我生病了，不得不去看) 2. 否定形式不同 — mustn't：表示“禁止，不允许”，语气强烈。 — don't have to：表示“不必，没必要”，相当于needn't。 You mustn't smoke here. (禁止吸烟) You don't have to come if you're busy. (不必来) 3. 时态变化不同 — must：没有过去式，也没有将来式。表示过去“必须”用had to；将来用will have to。 — have to：有人称、数和时态的变化。第三人称单数用has to，过去式用had to，将来式用will have to。 He had to work late yesterday. (昨天不得不加班) We will have to leave early tomorrow. (明天将不得不早走) 4. 疑问句形式不同 — Must I...? 回答：Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. 或 No, you don't have to. — Do/Does/Did I have to...? 回答：Yes, you do/does/did. / No, you don't/doesn't/didn't. Must I finish today? — No, you needn't. (不必) Do I have to wear a uniform? — Yes, you do. 三、经典例题解析 例1： You ______ smoke here. Look at the sign “No Smoking”. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 答案：B。解析：根据“禁止吸烟”标志，表示禁止，用mustn't。 例2： I ______ finish the report today. The boss needs it tomorrow morning. A. must B. have to C. may D. can 答案：B。解析：老板需要，是客观要求，用have to。 例3： — Must I clean the room now? — No, you ______. You can do it later. A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. shouldn't 答案：B。解析：回答must提问的否定用needn't或don't have to。 例4： He ______ stay up late because he had a lot of work to do. A. must B. had to C. has to D. have to 答案：B。解析：过去时，用had to。 例5： You ______ worry about me. I can take care of myself. A. mustn't B. don't have to C. needn't D. B and C 答案：D。解析：表示“不必担心”，可用don't have to或needn't。 四、分层精练（共40题） A组 · 用must, mustn't, have to, don't have to的适当形式填空（每题1分，共15分） 1. You ______ smoke in the hospital. It's not allowed. 2. I ______ finish my homework before I can watch TV. 3. It's raining outside, so she ______ take an umbrella. 4. You ______ come if you are busy. I can do it myself. 5. Students ______ arrive on time for class. 6. He ______ work late yesterday because of the project. 7. You ______ tell lies. It's not good. 8. We ______ hurry. The train leaves in ten minutes. 9. She ______ wear glasses because her eyesight is poor. 10. You ______ pay for the meal. It's my treat. 11. Drivers ______ stop when the traffic light is red. 12. I ______ get up early tomorrow because I have a meeting. 13. You ______ play with fire. It's dangerous. 14. They ______ leave early to catch the bus. 15. You ______ finish all the work today. You can do some tomorrow. B组 · 单项选择（每题2分，共16分） 1. You ______ cross the road when the traffic light is red. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 2. I'm feeling terrible. I ______ see a doctor. A. must B. have to C. may D. can 3. — Must I return the book tomorrow? — No, you ______. You can keep it for another week. A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. shouldn't 4. He ______ stay up late to finish the report last night. A. must B. had to C. has to D. have to 5. You ______ worry about me. I'm fine. A. mustn't B. don't have to C. needn't D. B and C 6. Students ______ wear uniforms in this school. A. must B. have to C. may D. can 7. — Do I have to clean the room? — Yes, you ______. A. must B. have to C. do D. are 8. We ______ leave now, or we'll be late for the movie. A. must B. have to C. may D. can C组 · 句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. You mustn't smoke here. (改为祈使句) ______ ______ here. 2. I have to finish the work today. (改为否定句) I ______ ______ ______ finish the work today. 3. He had to leave early yesterday. (改为一般疑问句) ______ he ______ to leave early yesterday? 4. Must I come to the meeting? (作否定回答) No, you ______. / No, you ______ ______ ______. 5. She has to wear glasses. (对划线部分提问) ______ does she have to ______? D组 · 根据汉语完成句子（每题2分，共10分） 1. 你必须在图书馆保持安静。 You ______ keep quiet in the library. 2. 她昨天不得不加班到很晚。 She ______ ______ work late yesterday. 3. 你不必等我了。先走吧。 You ______ ______ ______ wait for me. Go first. 4. 禁止在教室里跑。 You ______ run in the classroom. 5. 我们必须保护环境。 We ______ protect the environment. E组 · 语篇填空（每空1分，共10分） Dear students, Welcome to our school library. Here are some rules you ______ (1) follow. First, you ______ (2) talk loudly in the library. Please keep quiet. Second, you ______ (3) eat or drink in the library. Third, you ______ (4) return the books on time. If you ______ (5) return them late, you will pay a fine. You ______ (6) borrow up to five books at a time. You ______ (7) have a library card to borrow books. If you don't have one, you ______ (8) apply for one at the front desk. You ______ (9) worry about the cost — it's free. But you ______ (10) take good care of the books. F组 · 改错（每句只有一处错误，找出并改正，每题2分，共10分） 1. You mustn't to smoke here. It's not allowed. 2. I have to finished the work . 3. Must I have to wear a uniform? — No, you needn't. 4. She doesn't have to comes if she is busy. 5. You must worry about me. I can take care of myself. G组 · 情景对话填空（每空1分，共8分） A: Mum, (1) ______ I go out to play with my friends? B: Have you finished your homework? A: Not yet. But I only have a little left. B: You (2) ______ finish your homework first. Then you can go out. A: (3) ______ I finish it all today? B: Yes, you (4) ______. It's important. A: What if I can't finish it? B: Then you (5) ______ stay at home and finish it. You (6) ______ worry — you can do it. I believe in you. A: OK. I (7) ______ hurry up. B: Remember, you (8) ______ leave your room until you finish. Good luck! H组 · 经典例题再练（每题2分，共10分） 1. You ______ smoke here. Look at the sign “No Smoking”. 2. I ______ finish the report today. The boss needs it tomorrow morning. 3. — Must I clean the room now? — No, you ______. 4. He ______ stay up late because he had a lot of work to do. 5. You ______ worry about me. I can take care of myself. 参考答案 A组： 1. mustn't 2. have to 3. has to 4. don't have to 5. must/have to 6. had to 7. mustn't 8. must/have to 9. has to 10. don't have to 11. must/have to 12. have to 13. mustn't 14. Have to 15. don't have to B组： 1. B 2. B  3. B 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A C组： 1. Don't smoke 2. don't have to 3. Did; have 4. needn't; don't have to 5. What; do D组： 1. must/have to 2. had to 3. don't have to 4. mustn't 5. must E组： 1. must/have to 2. mustn't 3. mustn't 4. must/have to 5. have to 6. can/may 7. must/have to 8. have to 9. don't have to 10. must F组： 1. 去掉to (mustn't smoke) 2. finished → finish (have to do) 3. 去掉have to (Must I wear...) 4. comes → come (have to do) 5. must → needn't / don't have to G组： 1. may/can 2. must/have to 3. Must/Do I have to 4. must 5. will have to 6. don't have to 7. must/have to 8. mustn't H组： 1. mustn't 2. have to 3. needn't / don't have to 4. had to 5. don't have to / needn't 2/2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $