专题01 定语从句（期中复习讲义）高二英语下学期沪教版

专题01定语从句（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 关系代词 知识点02 关系副词 知识点03 非限制性定语从句 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 关系代词引导定语从句 掌握 that/which/who/whom/whose 的用法；能根据先行词（人 / 物）和从句成分，选择正确的关系代词。 基础必考点。在语法填空中高频出现，常考查关系代词的指代、主宾格区分及 that/which 的用法区别。 关系副词引导定语从句 掌握 when/where/why 的用法；理解关系副词在从句中作状语的逻辑，能区分关系副词与关系代词的用法差异。 高频重难点。是语法填空的核心考点，也是阅读理解中分析长难句的关键；常与表时间、地点、原因的先行词结合考查。 非限制性定语从句 掌握 which 引导非限制性定语从句的用法；理解逗号分隔的结构特点，能区分限制性与非限制性定语从句的用法差异。 高频易错点。学生在 which 的指代、逗号的使用上容易混淆，是写作提分的关键句型，也是语法填空和阅读理解的常考点。 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 关系代词 1. 基础用法 关系代词指代先行词，在从句里充当主语、宾语、定语，是定语从句最常考的部分。 表格 关系代词 指代对象 从句中成分 例句 who 人 主语 / 宾语 The girl who sits next to me is from Canada. whom 人 宾语（介词后必用） The person whom you are looking for has left. which 物 主语 / 宾语 The bag which I lost yesterday was found. that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 This is the only thing that I can do now. whose 人 / 物 定语（表 “…… 的”） The house whose window is open is mine. 2. 关键考点（高考必记） · 只能用 that 的情况：先行词被 ** 序数词、最高级、不定代词（all/any/nothing）修饰时，只能用 that，不能用 which。例：He is the first person that has climbed to the top of the mountain. · 不能用 that 的情况：非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开）、介词提前的结构里，绝对不能用 that，只能用 which/whom。例：The car, which he bought last year, broke down.（非限制性）例：This is the room in which we used to study.（介词提前） · who 和 whom 的区别：who 在从句里作主语，whom 作宾语；口语里 whom 常被 who 代替，但介词后面只能用 whom，比如：The man to whom I spoke is my boss. 知识点02关系副词 1. 基础用法 关系副词指代先行词（时间 / 地点 / 原因），在从句里充当状语，本质等于「介词 + which」。 表格 关系副词 指代先行词 对应结构 例句 when 时间名词（day/year/time） in/on/at which I remember the day when we met. where 地点名词（place/school/park） in/at which This is the school where I studied. why 原因名词（reason） for which The reason why he cried is unknown. 2. 关键判断技巧（做题必用） 先看从句缺不缺主语或宾语： · 从句不缺主 / 宾（句子完整）→ 用关系副词例：This is the factory where my father works.（works 是不及物动词，句子完整） · 从句缺主 / 宾 → 用关系代词例：This is the factory which my father built.（built 缺宾语，需要 which 来充当） · 特殊情况：先行词是 case/situation/point/stage 这类抽象名词时，常用where引导，表 “在这种情况下 / 在这个层面上”。例：We are in a situation where we have to act quickly. 知识点03非限制性定语从句 1. 核心用法 非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，对先行词或整个主句进行补充说明，去掉后不影响主句意思，是高考语法填空和写作的高频考点。 2. 关键考点与易错点 which 的用法： 1. 指代主句中的某个名词：The house, which we bought last year, is now being decorated. 2. 指代整个主句（表 “这一点”）：He failed the exam, which made his parents very disappointed. 3. that 的限制：非限制性定语从句中，绝对不能用 that。 4. 介词 + 关系代词：非限制性定语从句中，常出现 “介词 + which/whom” 结构，如：The old man has three sons, two of whom are doctors.She bought a new car, the color of which is red. 5. 写作加分用法：用非限制性定语从句连接两个句子，让句式更高级、更连贯。例：The movie was very moving. It made me cry. → The movie, which made me cry, was very moving. 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 关系代词 The only thing ________ matters is to finish the task before the deadline set by the board. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：唯一重要的事是在董事会设定的截止日期前完成任务。先行词被the only修饰，此时关系代词只能用that，不能用which；that在从句中作主语。 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填which 原因：遗忘“先行词被the only/very/序数词/最高级修饰时，只能用that”的特殊规则。 解｜题｜技｜巧 牢记只能用that的特殊场景：先行词被不定代词、序数词、最高级、the only等限定词修饰时，必须用that。 即时检测 1. The firefighter ______ saved the child from the burning house is regarded as a hero. 2. The notebook ______ cover is blue belongs to my elder sister. 3. This is the best film ______ I have watched this month. 4. The lady ______ you met at the party is a famous translator. 5. The old bridge ______ was built in 1920 is still in use today. 关系代词答案与解析 1. who/that 解析：先行词是the firefighter（人），关系代词在从句中作主语，指代人且作主语时，可用who或that引导定语从句；which只能指代物，不能用于此处。 2. whose 解析：先行词是the notebook（物），关系代词在从句中作定语修饰cover，表“笔记本的封面”，无论先行词指人还是指物，表所属关系时只能用whose。 3. that 解析：先行词被最高级the best修饰，此时关系代词只能用that，不能用which；that在从句中作watched的宾语，也可省略。 4. who/whom/that 解析：先行词是the lady（人），关系代词在从句中作met的宾语，口语中常用who，正式语境用whom，也可用that；若介词提前则只能用whom。 5. which/that 解析：先行词是the old bridge（物），关系代词在从句中作主语，指代物且作主语时，可用which或that；who只能指代人，不能用于此处。 答案与解析 典例02关系副词 The period ________ Chinese literature flourished most is known as the Tang Dynasty among scholars. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句关系副词。句意：中国文学最繁荣的时期，被学者们称为唐代。先行词是the period（表时间），从句 Chinese literature flourished most 结构完整（不缺主语或宾语），关系副词在从句中作时间状语，相当于in which。 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填which 原因：忽略从句成分完整性，从句结构完整时需用关系副词，而非关系代词。 解｜题｜技｜巧 “关系副词”判断要点： 1. 看先行词：是否为时间、地点、原因类名词。 2. 析从句结构：若从句不缺主/宾，用关系副词；缺主/宾则用关系代词。 3. 对应选择：时间用when，地点用where，原因用why。 即时检测 1. I still remember the day ______ I first came to Shanghai. 2. This is the café ______ we had our first date. 3. The reason ______ he was late for school is that he missed the bus. 4. We have reached a stage ______ we need to work together to solve the problem. 5. The small village ______ my grandma lives is very peaceful. 关系副词答案与解析 1. when 解析：先行词是the day（时间名词），从句 I first came to Shanghai 结构完整（不缺主语或宾语），关系副词在从句中作时间状语，相当于on which。 2. where 解析：先行词是the café（地点名词），从句 we had our first date 结构完整，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，相当于in which。 3. why 解析：先行词是the reason（原因名词），关系副词在从句中作原因状语，相当于for which；若reason在从句中作主语或宾语，则需用关系代词that/which。 4. where 解析：先行词是a stage（抽象地点，表“阶段”），从句结构完整，上海高考常考这类抽象地点名词用where引导，相当于at which。 5. where 解析：先行词是the small village（地点名词），从句 my grandma lives 结构完整，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，相当于in which；若从句缺主语或宾语，则用关系代词。 典例03非限制性定语从句 The Shanghai Disneyland, ________ attracts millions of tourists from home and abroad every year, has become a new cultural symbol of the city. 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：上海迪士尼每年吸引数百万国内外游客，已经成为这座城市新的文化符号。非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，先行词是The Shanghai Disneyland（指物），关系代词在从句中作主语，只能用which，不可用that。 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填that 原因：遗忘非限制性定语从句的核心规则——非限制性定语从句绝对不能用that引导。 解｜题｜技｜巧 “非限制性定语从句”判断要点： 1. 看形式：从句与主句用逗号分隔，去掉后主句意思完整。 2. 看功能：对先行词或整个主句进行补充说明。 3. 看关系词：绝对不能用that，指人用who，指物用which，表所属用whose。 即时检测 1. The weather was very nice, ______ made our picnic very pleasant. 2. My deskmate, ______ is good at math, often helps me with my homework. 3. The new library, ______ was finished last year, has a large collection of books. 4. He forgot his umbrella, ______ caused him to get wet on the way home. 5. The West Lake, ______ is located in Hangzhou, is a famous scenic spot. 非限制性定语从句答案与解析 1. which 解析：非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，此处关系词指代整个主句内容（天气好这件事），在从句中作主语，只能用which，不能用that。 2. who 解析：非限制性定语从句先行词是My deskmate（人），关系代词在从句中作主语，只能用who，不能用that；that禁止用于非限制性定语从句。 3. which 解析：非限制性定语从句先行词是The new library（物），关系代词在从句中作主语，只能用which，不能用that。 4. which 解析：关系词指代整个主句内容（他忘带伞这件事），在从句中作主语，非限制性定语从句只能用which引导。 5. which 解析：非限制性定语从句先行词是The West Lake（物），关系代词在从句中作主语，只能用which，不能用that。 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：12分钟） 1．Many people dream of achieving great things, but only those are willing to work hard truly succeed. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：许多人梦想成就伟大的事，但只有那些愿意努力奋斗的人才能真正成功。先行词是those”（指代人），在从句中作主语，关系代词为who。故填who。 2．This was the time when China was divided into seven states waged war against each other for domination. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是中国分裂为七个相互为了霸权而战的国家的时期。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为seven states，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系词that或which引导。故填that/which。 3．The project has reached a stage requires the most careful planning and coordination from every department. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该项目已进入一个需要各部门进行最精心规划和协调的阶段。定语从句修饰先行词stage，在从句作主语，指物。故填which/that。 4．She has been awarded the title of “Student of the Week” for something     she did for our class. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她因为为我们班级所做的事情而被授予“本周之星”的称号。分析句子结构可知，“____ she did for our class”是定语从句，先行词是不定代词something，关系代词只能用that不可用which，在从句中作宾语。故填that。 5．Bird watching is an activity people observe and study birds in natural habitats. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：观鸟是一种人们在自然栖息地观察和研究鸟类的活动。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词activity，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，表示“在这个活动中”，所以应该用关系副词where来引导。故填where。 6．After the preparations were complete, the day finally came the pandas met their fans for the first time. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：准备工作完成后，大熊猫首次与粉丝见面的这一天终于到来了。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为the day，指时间，定语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，需用关系副词when引导该从句，在从句中作时间状语。故填when。 7．I still remember the day we watched the comedy show together. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得我们一起观看喜剧表演的那一天。句子引导定语从句，修饰先行词the day，且在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。 8．This old family photo, has been kept for over 60 years, belongs to my grandmother. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这张保存了60多年的老全家福是我祖母的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是photo，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。 9．My aunt organized a family reunion and invited all her cousins from different cities, each of brought a special gift that represented the local culture of the place they lived in. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的阿姨组织了一次家庭聚会，邀请了她来自不同城市的所有表亲，他们每个人都带来了一份代表他们居住地当地文化的特殊礼物。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是all her cousins，指人，在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导该从句。故填whom。 10．Introverts, personalities are reserved, quiet, thoughtful, appreciate being alone comfortably. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：内向者通常性格内敛、安静、善于思考，他们很享受独处的时光。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Introverts，在从句作定语，故填whose。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 11．I will always remember the people have helped and supported me in my life. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我将永远记住那些在我生命中帮助和支持过我的人。people是先行词，指人，在其后的定语从句中作主语，所以可以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句。故填who/that。 12．The music teacher piano lessons were always filled with laughter would treat us to homemade cookies after we mastered a difficult piece. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位音乐老师的钢琴课总是充满欢声笑语，每当我们学会一首有难度的曲子后，她就会用自制的饼干招待我们。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The music teacher，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰piano lessons，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 13．The scholar, based on theory many teaching methods are designed, passed away. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这位学者去世了，很多教学方法都是基于他的理论设计的。“____ theory many teaching methods are designed”是定语从句，先行词是The scholar，从句中theory与先行词是所属关系，即学者的理论，所以用关系代词whose，在从句中作定语。故填whose。 14．Scientists are developing the only hardware imitates the human brain’s highly efficient way of processing information. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：科学家们正在开发唯一一种模仿人类大脑高效处理信息方式的硬件。先行词hardware被the only修饰，且在定语从句中作主语，关系代词应用that。故填that。 15．The teacher couldn’t accept the very reason the student explained yesterday. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老师无法接受这个学生昨天所解释的那条理由。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为reason，前面有the very修饰，作从句中explained的宾语，用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。 16．The community center the elderly can take free courses was built by the local government last year. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老年人可以免费上课的社区中心是去年由当地政府建造的。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the community center，为地点名词， 定语从句中the elderly can take free courses成分完整，不缺主语、宾语， 表示“在这个中心里”，用关系副词where。故填where。 17．The reason he was late was that his alarm clock didn’t go off in the morning. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句关系副词。句意：他迟到的原因是早上他的闹钟没响。先行词是the reason，在定语从句he was late中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why引导定语从句。故填why。 18．If these methods worked, there may come a time we can completely solve the problem of water pollution. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：如果这些方法奏效，可能会有一个我们可以完全解决水污染问题的时候。空处引导定语从句，先行词是time，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 19．If you are looking for something off the beaten track, you may visit Cape Breton Island in the province of Nova Scotia, you can dance to fiddle tunes and enjoy the cultures and traditions of Celtic settlers. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：如果您正在寻找一些不为人知的地方，您可以前往新斯科舍省的布雷顿角岛。在那里，您可以随着小提琴曲尽情跳舞，还能领略到凯尔特移民带来的文化与传统。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词Cape Breton Island是地方，在句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。 20．In ancient times, pipa was a popular instrument among scholars and artists, from they drew abundant ideas for poems and music. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在古代，琵琶是文人雅士间很受欢迎的乐器，他们从中为诗歌和音乐汲取了丰富的灵感。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，先行词为instrument指物，介词后只能用关系代词which。故填which。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 21．Yu Zemin, Chinese translator of Krasznahorkai’s Satantango, revealed the author frequently consumed Chinese food, listened to Beijing opera, and consistently referenced China in conversations. The writer particularly valued ancient Chinese philosophy, repeatedly studying Tao Te Ching he considered “ultimate wisdom”. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Krasznahorkai的《撒旦探戈》的中文译者余泽民透露，这位作家经常吃中国菜、听京剧，还在交谈中不断提及中国。这位作家格外推崇中国古代哲学，反复研读他认为是“终极智慧”的《道德经》。先行词是Tao Te Ching，指物，定语从句中considered后缺少宾语，需用关系代词that或which引导，且可省略。故填that/which。 22．By understanding the history, types, and selection methods of down jackets, you can find the most suitable one for you will keep you warm and fashionable in the cold winter. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：通过了解羽绒服的历史、类型和选择方法，你可以找到最适合你的那一件，让你在寒冷的冬天既保暖又时尚。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词one，先行词被最高级修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。 23．During my visit to Shanghai Museum, I was deeply impressed by a 5,000-year-old ceramic piece simple shape reminded me of ancient pottery from South America, proving that in the beginning we were all the same. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在参观上海博物馆期间，一件有着5000年历史的陶瓷制品给我留下了深刻的印象，它简单的造型让我联想到南美洲的古代陶器，这证明了在一开始我们都是相同的。主句是I was deeply impressed by a 5,000-year-old ceramic piece，设空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是piece，关系词替代先行词在从句中作simple shape的定语，表示“它的简单形状”，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 24．He, along with two other engineers, developed the telegraph and the code use a set of dots and dashes or short and long pulses to represent each letter of the English alphabet. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他和另外两名工程师一起发明了电报和电码，该电码使用一组点、划或短、长脉冲来表示英文字母表中的每个字母。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the code，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 25．During the Second World War, Chinese “jiaozi” was brought to Japan it became known as “gyoza” and was more typically pan-fried. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：第二次世界大战期间，中国的“饺子”被传入日本，在那里它被称为“gyoza”，并且更常以煎制的方式呈现。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为Japan，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 26．Renewable methods for producing electricity, such as wind turbines and solar panels, can only provide power on the days wind blows or the sun shines. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句关系副词。句意：诸如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板等可再生发电方式，只能在有风或有阳光的日子提供电力。the days是先行词，在后面的定语从句wind blows or the sun shines中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导该定语从句。故填when。 27．The following morning, the kitchen auntie discovered the plastic bag and posted in the community group, asking “Who did this?” I immediately admitted it was my fault and explained the reason I couldn’t bring myself to reach inside. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：第二天早上，厨房阿姨发现了塑料袋，并在社区小组发帖，问“这是谁干的？”我立即承认这是我的错，并解释了我不敢伸手进去的原因。此处引导定语从句，先行词为the reason，关系词在定语从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why。故填why。 28．As an ancient musical tradition, Muqam, covers ancient folk ballads, poetry, proverbs, narrative storytelling and reflections on universal themes, dates back over 1,000 years with a complete track record of over 400 years. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：作为一种古老的音乐传统，穆卡姆涵盖了古老的民间歌谣、诗歌、谚语、叙事性故事以及对普遍主题的思考等内容，其历史可追溯至一千多年前，且完整的传承历程已超过四百年。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Muqam，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 29．It helped find the outer city in 2009, a dam system in 2011, and more dams between 2021 and 2024, ultimately revealed the comprehensive structure of the Liangzhu water management system. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它助力2009年外城的发现、2011年一套水坝系统的发现，还助力2021至2024年间更多水坝的发现，这些发现最终揭示了良渚水利系统的完整格局。此处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词为前文整个句子所表述的内容，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 30．There’s also open acknowledgement from the likes of Shaun Rein, has written numerous books that promote China’s culture on a global scale. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：像雷小山这样的人也公开表示了认同，他著有多部在全球范围内推广中国文化的著作。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词Shaun Rein作补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who作引导词。故填who。 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01定语从句（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 关系代词 知识点02 关系副词 知识点03 非限制性定语从句 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 关系代词引导定语从句 掌握 that/which/who/whom/whose 的用法；能根据先行词（人 / 物）和从句成分，选择正确的关系代词。 基础必考点。在语法填空中高频出现，常考查关系代词的指代、主宾格区分及 that/which 的用法区别。 关系副词引导定语从句 掌握 when/where/why 的用法；理解关系副词在从句中作状语的逻辑，能区分关系副词与关系代词的用法差异。 高频重难点。是语法填空的核心考点，也是阅读理解中分析长难句的关键；常与表时间、地点、原因的先行词结合考查。 非限制性定语从句 掌握 which 引导非限制性定语从句的用法；理解逗号分隔的结构特点，能区分限制性与非限制性定语从句的用法差异。 高频易错点。学生在 which 的指代、逗号的使用上容易混淆，是写作提分的关键句型，也是语法填空和阅读理解的常考点。 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 关系代词 1. 基础用法 关系代词指代先行词，在从句里充当主语、宾语、定语，是定语从句最常考的部分。 表格 关系代词 指代对象 从句中成分 例句 who 人 主语 / 宾语 The girl who sits next to me is from Canada. whom 人 宾语（介词后必用） The person whom you are looking for has left. which 物 主语 / 宾语 The bag which I lost yesterday was found. that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 This is the only thing that I can do now. whose 人 / 物 定语（表 “…… 的”） The house whose window is open is mine. 2. 关键考点（高考必记） · 只能用 that 的情况：先行词被 ** 序数词、最高级、不定代词（all/any/nothing）修饰时，只能用 that，不能用 which。例：He is the first person that has climbed to the top of the mountain. · 不能用 that 的情况：非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开）、介词提前的结构里，绝对不能用 that，只能用 which/whom。例：The car, which he bought last year, broke down.（非限制性）例：This is the room in which we used to study.（介词提前） · who 和 whom 的区别：who 在从句里作主语，whom 作宾语；口语里 whom 常被 who 代替，但介词后面只能用 whom，比如：The man to whom I spoke is my boss. 知识点02关系副词 1. 基础用法 关系副词指代先行词（时间 / 地点 / 原因），在从句里充当状语，本质等于「介词 + which」。 表格 关系副词 指代先行词 对应结构 例句 when 时间名词（day/year/time） in/on/at which I remember the day when we met. where 地点名词（place/school/park） in/at which This is the school where I studied. why 原因名词（reason） for which The reason why he cried is unknown. 2. 关键判断技巧（做题必用） 先看从句缺不缺主语或宾语： · 从句不缺主 / 宾（句子完整）→ 用关系副词例：This is the factory where my father works.（works 是不及物动词，句子完整） · 从句缺主 / 宾 → 用关系代词例：This is the factory which my father built.（built 缺宾语，需要 which 来充当） · 特殊情况：先行词是 case/situation/point/stage 这类抽象名词时，常用where引导，表 “在这种情况下 / 在这个层面上”。例：We are in a situation where we have to act quickly. 知识点03非限制性定语从句 1. 核心用法 非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，对先行词或整个主句进行补充说明，去掉后不影响主句意思，是高考语法填空和写作的高频考点。 2. 关键考点与易错点 which 的用法： 1. 指代主句中的某个名词：The house, which we bought last year, is now being decorated. 2. 指代整个主句（表 “这一点”）：He failed the exam, which made his parents very disappointed. 3. that 的限制：非限制性定语从句中，绝对不能用 that。 4. 介词 + 关系代词：非限制性定语从句中，常出现 “介词 + which/whom” 结构，如：The old man has three sons, two of whom are doctors.She bought a new car, the color of which is red. 5. 写作加分用法：用非限制性定语从句连接两个句子，让句式更高级、更连贯。例：The movie was very moving. It made me cry. → The movie, which made me cry, was very moving. 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 关系代词 The only thing ________ matters is to finish the task before the deadline set by the board. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填which 原因：遗忘“先行词被the only/very/序数词/最高级修饰时，只能用that”的特殊规则。 解｜题｜技｜巧 牢记只能用that的特殊场景：先行词被不定代词、序数词、最高级、the only等限定词修饰时，必须用that。 即时检测 1. The firefighter ______ saved the child from the burning house is regarded as a hero. 2. The notebook ______ cover is blue belongs to my elder sister. 3. This is the best film ______ I have watched this month. 4. The lady ______ you met at the party is a famous translator. 5. The old bridge ______ was built in 1920 is still in use today. 典例02关系副词 The period ________ Chinese literature flourished most is known as the Tang Dynasty among scholars. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填which 原因：忽略从句成分完整性，从句结构完整时需用关系副词，而非关系代词。 解｜题｜技｜巧 “关系副词”判断要点： 1. 看先行词：是否为时间、地点、原因类名词。 2. 析从句结构：若从句不缺主/宾，用关系副词；缺主/宾则用关系代词。 3. 对应选择：时间用when，地点用where，原因用why。 即时检测 1. I still remember the day ______ I first came to Shanghai. 2. This is the café ______ we had our first date. 3. The reason ______ he was late for school is that he missed the bus. 4. We have reached a stage ______ we need to work together to solve the problem. 5. The small village ______ my grandma lives is very peaceful. 典例03非限制性定语从句 The Shanghai Disneyland, ________ attracts millions of tourists from home and abroad every year, has become a new cultural symbol of the city. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填that 原因：遗忘非限制性定语从句的核心规则——非限制性定语从句绝对不能用that引导。 解｜题｜技｜巧 “非限制性定语从句”判断要点： 1. 看形式：从句与主句用逗号分隔，去掉后主句意思完整。 2. 看功能：对先行词或整个主句进行补充说明。 3. 看关系词：绝对不能用that，指人用who，指物用which，表所属用whose。 即时检测 1. The weather was very nice, ______ made our picnic very pleasant. 2. My deskmate, ______ is good at math, often helps me with my homework. 3. The new library, ______ was finished last year, has a large collection of books. 4. He forgot his umbrella, ______ caused him to get wet on the way home. 5. The West Lake, ______ is located in Hangzhou, is a famous scenic spot. 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：12分钟） 1．Many people dream of achieving great things, but only those are willing to work hard truly succeed. 2．This was the time when China was divided into seven states waged war against each other for domination. 3．The project has reached a stage requires the most careful planning and coordination from every department. 4．She has been awarded the title of “Student of the Week” for something     she did for our class. 5．Bird watching is an activity people observe and study birds in natural habitats. 6．After the preparations were complete, the day finally came the pandas met their fans for the first time. 7．I still remember the day we watched the comedy show together. 8．This old family photo, has been kept for over 60 years, belongs to my grandmother. 9．My aunt organized a family reunion and invited all her cousins from different cities, each of brought a special gift that represented the local culture of the place they lived in. 10．Introverts, personalities are reserved, quiet, thoughtful, appreciate being alone comfortably. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 11．I will always remember the people have helped and supported me in my life. 12．The music teacher piano lessons were always filled with laughter would treat us to homemade cookies after we mastered a difficult piece. 13．The scholar, based on theory many teaching methods are designed, passed away. 14．Scientists are developing the only hardware imitates the human brain’s highly efficient way of processing information. 15．The teacher couldn’t accept the very reason the student explained yesterday. 16．The community center the elderly can take free courses was built by the local government last year. 17．The reason he was late was that his alarm clock didn’t go off in the morning. 18．If these methods worked, there may come a time we can completely solve the problem of water pollution. 19．If you are looking for something off the beaten track, you may visit Cape Breton Island in the province of Nova Scotia, you can dance to fiddle tunes and enjoy the cultures and traditions of Celtic settlers. 20．In ancient times, pipa was a popular instrument among scholars and artists, from they drew abundant ideas for poems and music. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 21．Yu Zemin, Chinese translator of Krasznahorkai’s Satantango, revealed the author frequently consumed Chinese food, listened to Beijing opera, and consistently referenced China in conversations. The writer particularly valued ancient Chinese philosophy, repeatedly studying Tao Te Ching he considered “ultimate wisdom”. 22．By understanding the history, types, and selection methods of down jackets, you can find the most suitable one for you will keep you warm and fashionable in the cold winter. 23．During my visit to Shanghai Museum, I was deeply impressed by a 5,000-year-old ceramic piece simple shape reminded me of ancient pottery from South America, proving that in the beginning we were all the same. 24．He, along with two other engineers, developed the telegraph and the code use a set of dots and dashes or short and long pulses to represent each letter of the English alphabet. 25．During the Second World War, Chinese “jiaozi” was brought to Japan it became known as “gyoza” and was more typically pan-fried. 26．Renewable methods for producing electricity, such as wind turbines and solar panels, can only provide power on the days wind blows or the sun shines. 27．The following morning, the kitchen auntie discovered the plastic bag and posted in the community group, asking “Who did this?” I immediately admitted it was my fault and explained the reason I couldn’t bring myself to reach inside. 28．As an ancient musical tradition, Muqam, covers ancient folk ballads, poetry, proverbs, narrative storytelling and reflections on universal themes, dates back over 1,000 years with a complete track record of over 400 years. 29．It helped find the outer city in 2009, a dam system in 2011, and more dams between 2021 and 2024, ultimately revealed the comprehensive structure of the Liangzhu water management system. 30．There’s also open acknowledgement from the likes of Shaun Rein, has written numerous books that promote China’s culture on a global scale. 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $