专题02 名词性从句（期中复习讲义）高二英语下学期沪教版

专题02名词性从句（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 主语从句 知识点02 宾语从句 知识点03 表语从句 知识点04 同位语从句 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 主语从句 掌握 that/what/whether 等引导主语从句的用法；理解 it 作形式主语的常见句型；能判断从句在句中作主语的情况。 在语法填空中常以 “it 作形式主语” 的形式考查，也常出现在阅读理解长难句中；重点考查 that 在句首主语从句中不能省略，以及 whether/if 的用法区别。 宾语从句 掌握 that/what/whether 等引导宾语从句的用法；理解不同动词、介词后宾语从句的特点；能区分宾语从句中 that 可省与不可省的情况。 语法填空、写作中均高频出现；重点考查从句语序、时态呼应、whether/if 的选用，以及介词后 that 的省略规则。 表语从句 掌握 that/what/whether 等引导表语从句的用法；理解系动词后表语从句的功能；能区分表语从句与定语从句。 多在阅读理解和语法填空中考查；重点考查 that 不省略的规则，以及 what 在从句中作成分的用法，易与定语从句混淆。 同位语从句 掌握 that/whether 等引导同位语从句的用法；理解其解释抽象名词内容的功能；能区分同位语从句与定语从句。 语法填空、阅读理解中常考；重点考查 that 不作成分、不省略的特点，以及与定语从句的区别；常与 fact/news/idea 等抽象名词结合考查。 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 主语从句 整个从句当主句的主语。 两种常用摆放位置： 1. 直接放句首 That she refused the offer surprised everyone. （她拒绝了邀约这件事，让所有人都意外。） 重点提醒：句首的that绝对不能省，省略句子直接结构断裂。 Whether we start the project on time depends on the weather. （注意：表“是否”放句首，只能用whether，if禁用。） 2. it作形式主语（高考最常考，句子更平衡） 真正的主语从句挪到后面，it占主语位置，固定句型记牢： - It is + 形容词（clear/obvious/likely/important）+ that从句 - It is + 名词短语（a fact/a pity/no wonder）+ that从句 - It is + 过去分词（said/reported/believed/known）+ that从句 例：It is reported that many students have joined the volunteer activity. 特殊考点：表示“建议、命令、要求”的形容词（important/necessary）后，that从句要用虚拟语气(should) do。 例：It is necessary that he (should) make a plan at once. 知识点02宾语从句 从句放在动词、介词、形容词后面当宾语 核心用法 1. that的省略规则 普通及物动词后，that可省：I think (that) he is right. 但以下情况不能省：并列多个宾语从句，第一个that可省，后面必须保留；介词后面的that从句，that也不能省。 2. whether和if的选用边界（高频易错） 只能用whether的场景： → 介词后面：I’m thinking about whether we should go. → 不定式前：I don’t know whether to wait or leave. → 紧跟or not：He hasn’t decided whether or not he will come. 以上全部不能换if。 3. 时态呼应逻辑 主句是现在时态，从句时态按实际句意来； 主句是过去时态，从句多用对应的过去类时态； 特例：从句讲客观真理、自然规律，永远用一般现在时。 例：The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 补充小细节：部分形容词（afraid/sure/glad）后面接的从句，也属于宾语从句范畴。 知识点03表语从句 表语从句：放在系动词后面，解释主语是什么 系动词核心就是be动词，还有look/seem/remain等，作用是给主语“下定义、做解释”。 基础句式：主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句 例：My doubt is whether we can finish the task ahead of time. The fact is that he has never lied to us. 两大专属考点： 1. that不省略：表语从句里的that，习惯上不随便省，保证句子逻辑清晰。 2. what的用法陷阱：what在表语从句里必须充当成分，翻译为“……的人/事/物”；别和that混用，that不做成分。 例：This is what I want to say.（what作say的宾语，不能换that） 知识点04同位语从句 同位语从句：解释说明前面抽象名词的具体内容 最容易和定语从句混淆，先记识别关键点： 修饰的都是抽象名词：fact/news/idea/promise/suggestion/doubt/belief等，从句是在说“这个名词到底指什么事”。 例：The news that our team won the game spread quickly. （“我们队伍赢了比赛”，就是news的具体内容，同位语从句。） 核心区分+考点： 1. that无词义、不充当成分，只连接，这是和定语从句最大区别；定语从句里that要做主/宾语。 2. 虚拟语气专属场景：抽象名词是suggestion/advice/order/request等表“建议、命令、要求”，同位语从句要用(should) do。 例：The suggestion that students (should) take more exercise is practical。 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 主语从句 It remains to be seen ______ the new policy will bring about the expected changes. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查主语从句引导词。 句意：新政策能否带来预期的变化还有待观察。 本句是it作形式主语的主语从句，真正的主语从句是 ______ the new policy will bring about the expected changes ，后置在句末。 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填if / what 原因：① 忘记“it remains to be seen 句型中只能用whether”的规则；② 错判从句结构——本从句 the new policy will bring about the expected changes 结构完整，不需要充当成分的what。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 识别形式主语it：看到 It + be + 名词/形容词/过去分词/不及物动词 的结构，优先判断it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面； 2. 看从句语义：若表达“是否”的含义，结合规则选whether；若从句完整且无“是否”含义，选that；若从句缺主宾表，选what/whatever等。 即时检测 1. It is still under discussion ______ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel. 2. ______ breaks the school rules on a regular basis will be severely punished. 3. It has not been decided ______ the school will hold the annual sports meeting. 4. ______ he survived the terrible accident is a miracle to all of us. 5. It is obvious ______ the local government has taken effective measures to reduce pollution. 主语从句答案&解析 1. 答案：whether 解析：it作形式主语，真正的主语从句表达“是否”的含义，且在 under discussion 这类语境中，只能用whether（不可用if），从句结构完整，whether仅表“是否”的语义连接。 2. 答案：Whoever 解析：从句在主句中作主语，从句缺少主语，且指代“任何……的人”，此时用Whoever（=Anyone who），引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。 3. 答案：when 解析：it作形式主语，真正的主语从句表达“何时”的含义，从句结构完整，需要作时间状语的引导词when，符合“学校何时举办年度运动会”的语义。 4. 答案：That 解析：从句 he survived the terrible accident 结构完整，在主句中作主语，此时用That（句首主语从句的that不可省略，无实际词义，仅起连接作用）。 5. 答案：that 解析：it作形式主语的固定句型 It is obvious that... ，真正的主语从句结构完整，用that引导，that可省略但书面语中通常保留。 典例02宾语从句 We are all concerned about ______ they can finish the project on schedule. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。 句意：我们都关心他们能否按计划完成这个项目。 本句中，介词 about 后面的 ______ they can finish the project on schedule 是宾语从句。 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填if / that 原因：① 忘记“介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether，不能用if”的规则；② 错判语义——本句需要“是否”的含义，that无此语义。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 定位从句位置：在动词/介词/形容词后作宾语 → 判定为宾语从句； 2. 语义+结构双判断：从句完整且表“是否”→ 用whether；从句完整且无特殊语义→ 用that；从句缺主宾表→ 用what/which/who等。 即时检测 1. The manager asked ______ team had completed the market research ahead of time. 2. We are all curious about ______ made the student give up the important scholarship. 3. The teacher told us ______ light travels much faster than sound. 4. I doubt ______ the newly launched product will meet the needs of target customers. 5. She explained to the interviewer ______ she had resigned from her previous job. 关系副词答案与解析 1. when 解析：先行词是the day（时间名词），从句 I first came to Shanghai 结构完整（不缺主语或宾语），关系副词在从句中作时间状语，相当于on which。 2. where 解析：先行词是the café（地点名词），从句 we had our first date 结构完整，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，相当于in which。 3. why 解析：先行词是the reason（原因名词），关系副词在从句中作原因状语，相当于for which；若reason在从句中作主语或宾语，则需用关系代词that/which。 4. where 解析：先行词是a stage（抽象地点，表“阶段”），从句结构完整，上海高考常考这类抽象地点名词用where引导，相当于at which。 5. where 解析：先行词是the small village（地点名词），从句 my grandma lives 结构完整，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，相当于in which；若从句缺主语或宾语，则用关系代词。 典例03表语从句 The trouble is ______ we don’t have enough funds to support the research. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句引导词。 句意：问题是我们没有足够的资金来支持这项研究。 本句中，系动词 is 后面的 ______ we don’t have enough funds to support the research 是表语从句，用于解释主语 the trouble 的具体内容。 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填because / what 原因：① 混淆表语从句的逻辑—— because 引导表语从句时语义为“因为”，不符合本句“解释问题内容”的逻辑；② 错判从句结构——本从句结构完整，不需要充当成分的what。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 识别系动词：看到 be/remain/seem/appear 等系动词，后面的从句大概率是表语从句； 2. 规则牢记：表语从句中表“是否”只能用whether，不能用if；从句完整无特殊语义用that；从句缺主宾表用what等。 即时检测 1. The biggest problem facing the company is ______ it lacks experienced technical staff. 2. The question is ______ we can finish the tough task within the given time limit. 3. This is ______ the new generation of young people prefer to work in flexible environments. 4. The reason why he was late is ______ his car broke down on the way to the office. 5. The result of the experiment is ______ we have successfully developed a new energy-saving material. 表语从句答案&解析 1. 答案：that 解析：系动词 is 后接表语从句，从句 it lacks experienced technical staff 结构完整，用that引导（表语从句的that通常不省略，无实际词义，仅起连接作用）。 2. 答案：whether 解析：系动词 is 后接表语从句，表达“是否”的含义，表语从句中只能用whether（绝对不可用if），whether不作从句成分，仅表语义。 3. 答案：because 解析：系动词 is 后接表语从句，表达“原因”的逻辑，用because引导（ This is because... 是固定表语从句句型，用于解释原因）。 4. 答案：that 解析：固定句型 The reason why... is that... ，表语从句用that引导（不可用because，避免语义重复），从句结构完整。 5. 答案：that 解析：系动词 is 后接表语从句，从句 we have successfully developed a new energy-saving material 结构完整，用that引导，解释实验结果的内容。 典例04同位语从句 The news ______ our team has won the international competition has spread all over the school. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句引导词。 句意：我们队赢得国际比赛的消息已经传遍了全校。 本句中，抽象名词 the news 后面的 ______ our team has won the international competition 是同位语从句，用于解释 the news 的具体内容。 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填which / 混淆为定语从句 原因：① 混淆同位语从句和定语从句的区别——同位语从句的that不作成分，从句完整；定语从句的that必须充当主/宾成分，从句不完整；② 忘记“同位语从句解释抽象名词内容”的逻辑。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 找先行词：同位语从句的先行词一定是fact/news/idea/suggestion/promise等抽象名词； 2. 看从句功能：从句是在解释先行词的具体内容，而非修饰限定 → 判定为同位语从句； 3. 结构判断：从句完整无缺 → 用that；表“是否”含义 → 用whether。 即时检测 1. The rumor ______ the CEO will resign next month has caused a stir in the industry. 2. We have no doubt ______ the team will win the final competition. 3. The suggestion ______ students should be given more free time to develop hobbies is widely accepted. 4. The news ______ our school has been selected as a national model school is very encouraging. 5. The question ______ we should carry out the reform immediately is under heated discussion. 同位语从句答案&解析 1. 答案：that 解析：抽象名词 rumor 后接同位语从句，解释谣言的具体内容，从句结构完整，用that引导（that不作从句成分，不可省略，仅起连接作用）。 2. 答案：that 解析：抽象名词 doubt （否定形式 no doubt ）后接同位语从句，表达“毫无疑问”的含义，从句结构完整，用that引导。 3. 答案：that 解析：抽象名词 suggestion 后接同位语从句，解释建议的具体内容，从句结构完整，用that引导；且 suggestion 后的同位语从句需用 (should) + 动词原形 的虚拟语气（本句 should be given 符合规则）。 4. 答案：that 解析：抽象名词 news 后接同位语从句，解释消息的具体内容，从句结构完整，用that引导（that不可省略，不作任何成分）。 5. 答案：whether 解析：抽象名词 question 后接同位语从句，表达“是否”的含义，同位语从句中只能用whether（不可用if），whether不作从句成分，仅表语义。 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：12分钟） 1． we will go camping depends on the weather. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们是否去野营取决于天气。“_____ we will go camping”是主语从句，根据“depends on the weather”可知，主语从句表示“我们是否去野营”，用连接词whether引导从句，其意为“是否”；句首单词首字母大写，故填Whether。 2． is known to us all is that the earth is round. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：众所周知，地球是圆的。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，从句缺主语，指代事物，用连接代词what引导。故填What。 3． struck me most was such plain warmth. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：最让我印象深刻的是如此朴素的温暖。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，用what，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。 4．The fact she is always late annoyed the coach. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：她总是迟到这一事实让教练很生气。引导同位语从句，说明fact的内容，从句不缺少成分和句意，故填that。 5．I have no idea he will join us or not. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我不知道他是否会加入我们。此处为同位语从句解释说明 idea，从句表示“是否”含义且与 or not 连用，用 whether 引导从句。故填 whether。 6．The river has become polluted. This is many factories have dumped waste into it. 【答案】because 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这条河已经被污染了。这是因为许多工厂把废弃物排入了河中。此处为“This is because...” 固定句型，引导表语从句，用于解释前文中结果产生的原因。故填 because。 7．What I want to know is the meeting will begin. 【答案】when 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我想知道的是会议什么时候开始。空处引导表语从句，结合句意可知，句中需添加“何时，什么时候”的含义，应用连接副词when引导从句。故填when。 8．He didn’t sleep well last night. This is he kept thinking about the exam. 【答案】because 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他昨晚没睡好。这是因为他一直在想那场考试。This is because…表示“这是因为……”，后接原因，是固定句式。故填because。 9．Glass also is an inert material, meaning it doesn’t interact with is inside the container. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：玻璃也是一种惰性材料，这意味着它不会与容器内的任何物质发生反应。分析句子可知，空格处引导宾语从句，作interact with 的宾语，同时在从句中充当主语。what可引导名词性从句，意为“…… 的东西 / 事物”，符合语境。故填what。 10．She asked George he had anything interesting she could read. 【答案】if/whether 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：她问乔治是否有什么有趣的东西可以让她读。此处为连接词引导宾语从句，从句不缺主干成分且表示“是否”含义，应用if或whether。故填if/whether。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 11．This discovery also helps explain seals, which don’t face the same issue, lack these structures. 【答案】why 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这一发现也有助于解释，为什么不存在同类问题的海豹没有这些结构。动词explain后接宾语从句，连接词在从句中作原因状语，应用连接副词why“为什么”引导。故填why。 12．Today, many people wonder electric cars are better than gasoline cars. 【答案】whether/if 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：如今，很多人想知道电动汽车是否比汽油汽车更好。本空引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词表示“是否”，用连接词whether/if引导。故填whether/if。 13．The next evening, a man knocked on my door and asked I was missing a cat. 【答案】whether/if 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：第二天晚上，有个男人敲了我的门，问我是不是丢了猫。引导宾语从句，表示“是否”用whether/if。故填whether/if。 14．I didn’t see the film last night. That was I had to help my brother with his homework. 【答案】because 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：昨晚我没去看电影。那是因为我得帮我弟弟做作业。分析可知，“________ I had to help my brother with his homework”为表语从句，且在语境中表达没有看电影的原因，用“because”引导。故填because。 15．The focus of the meeting was we could develop transportation without polluting the environment. 【答案】how 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这次会议的重点在于探讨如何在发展交通的同时不污染环境。此处引导表语从句，连接词在从句中作方式状语，应用how“如何”引导。故填how。 16．The idea we can use light to record sound dates back to the 19th century. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我们可以用光来记录声音的想法可以追溯到19世纪。此处引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的具体内容，从句不缺成分且句意完整，用连接词that。故填that。 17．Our research offers further scientific evidence a mix of positive and negative emotions promotes well-being. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我们的研究提供了进一步的科学证据，表明积极和消极情绪的混合会促进幸福感。本空引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句不缺成分或含义，用that引导。故填that。 18． you can learn from the ant philosophy is: Never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你可以从蚂蚁哲学中学到的是：永不放弃，向前看，保持积极，尽你所能。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，句子表示“你可以从蚂蚁哲学中学到的东西”，因此空格处用what引导该从句。故填What。 19．At that moment, I witnessed was the beautiful way a mother’s love could ripple out into the world. 【答案】what 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：在那一刻，我所目睹的是一个母亲的爱能以美丽的方式传播到整个世界。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的东西”，应用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。 20． he quit his high-paying job is not difficult to understand. He wanted to start up his own business. 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他辞去那份高薪工作这件事并不难理解。他想自己创业了。引导主语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意，故用that。首字母大写。故填That。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 21． we invest in renewable energy now or continue to rely on fossil fuels will profoundly impact the environmental and economic landscape for generations to come. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：无论我们现在投资可再生能源，还是继续依赖化石燃料，都将对子孙后代的环境和经济格局产生深远影响。空处引导主语从句，从句成分完整，引导词表示“是否”，结合“or”可知，此处为whether…or…，意为“无论……还是……”，需用whether引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Whether。 22． makes the 2025 “Artificial Intelligence Plus” initiative particularly groundbreaking is its focus on integrating AI with traditional industries to foster entirely new models of economic growth. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：使2025年“人工智能+”行动方案具有突破性意义的，是其专注于将人工智能与传统产业融合以培育全新经济增长模式。空格位于句首，引导主语从句，且从句中缺少主语（指事物），故用连接代词 What 引导，意为“所……的事物”。故填What。 23． the lifestyle is slower and healthier is the reason why some people prefer to live in the country rather than in the city. 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：生活方式更慢且更健康，这就是一些人宁愿住在乡下而不是城市的原因。此处为连接词引导的主语从句，该从句结构完整、语义明确，不缺少成分，需用that引导主语从句，that在从句中无实际意义，仅起连接作用，且位于句首首字母需大写。故填That。 24．The government has announced the news a new environmental protection policy will be carried out next month. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：政府已宣布消息：下个月将实施一项新的环境保护政策。本空引导同位语从句，说明news的内容，从句不缺少成分和含义，故用that引导。故填that。 25．She expressed her wish she could volunteer to teach English in the remote mountain villages after graduation. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句连接词。句意：她表达了毕业后想去偏远山村义务教英语的愿望。her wish是抽象名词，其后she could volunteer to teach English in the remote mountain villages after graduation”是对wish内容的具体解释说明，是同位语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，所以用that引导同位语从句。故填that。 26．One reason is the preparation before the actual cooking takes time, as ingredients for the same dish are typically cut into uniform shapes, and preferably into bite-sized pieces. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：一个原因是，在实际烹饪前的准备工作需要时间，因为同一道菜的食材通常要切成统一的形状，最好是切成一口大小的块。空处引导表语从句，从句结构、意义完整，应使用that引导该从句。故填that。 27．Beauty and timelessness, these are model-actress and director Chang Chunxiao intends to convey through her ongoing Kunqu Opera-themed short documentary project. 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句引导词。句意：美丽与永恒，这些正是模特、演员兼导演常春晓想要通过她正在进行的昆曲主题短纪录片项目所传达的东西。what引导表语从句，在从句中作convey的宾语，指代常春晓想要传达的内容。故填what。 28．Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句连接词。句意：尽管这些运动广泛开展，但实际情况是，大多数西方城市都是根据汽车的需求进行了彻底的重新规划。该空需要一个连接词引导表语从句，表语从句是一个完整的陈述句，不缺成分，应填that。故填that。 29．Moreover, the company has established it calls a “data collection factory” for real-world data gathering, including training scenarios such as folding clothes, organizing, cleaning and doing the laundry. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：此外，该公司还建立了所谓的“数据收集工厂”，用于收集现实世界的数据，包括折叠衣服、整理、清洁和洗衣服等培训场景。此空引导宾语从句，从句中calls缺宾语，指事物，应用what。故填what。 30．This trend also shows a changing attitude toward makes a “good life”. More and more people are moving away from the pursuit of material success alone. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这一趋势也表明，人们对什么是“美好生活”的态度正在发生变化。越来越多的人不再仅仅追求物质上的成功。此处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物，应用what，故填what。 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02名词性从句（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 主语从句 知识点02 宾语从句 知识点03 表语从句 知识点04 同位语从句 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 主语从句 掌握 that/what/whether 等引导主语从句的用法；理解 it 作形式主语的常见句型；能判断从句在句中作主语的情况。 在语法填空中常以 “it 作形式主语” 的形式考查，也常出现在阅读理解长难句中；重点考查 that 在句首主语从句中不能省略，以及 whether/if 的用法区别。 宾语从句 掌握 that/what/whether 等引导宾语从句的用法；理解不同动词、介词后宾语从句的特点；能区分宾语从句中 that 可省与不可省的情况。 语法填空、写作中均高频出现；重点考查从句语序、时态呼应、whether/if 的选用，以及介词后 that 的省略规则。 表语从句 掌握 that/what/whether 等引导表语从句的用法；理解系动词后表语从句的功能；能区分表语从句与定语从句。 多在阅读理解和语法填空中考查；重点考查 that 不省略的规则，以及 what 在从句中作成分的用法，易与定语从句混淆。 同位语从句 掌握 that/whether 等引导同位语从句的用法；理解其解释抽象名词内容的功能；能区分同位语从句与定语从句。 语法填空、阅读理解中常考；重点考查 that 不作成分、不省略的特点，以及与定语从句的区别；常与 fact/news/idea 等抽象名词结合考查。 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 主语从句 整个从句当主句的主语。 两种常用摆放位置： 1. 直接放句首 That she refused the offer surprised everyone. （她拒绝了邀约这件事，让所有人都意外。） 重点提醒：句首的that绝对不能省，省略句子直接结构断裂。 Whether we start the project on time depends on the weather. （注意：表“是否”放句首，只能用whether，if禁用。） 2. it作形式主语（高考最常考，句子更平衡） 真正的主语从句挪到后面，it占主语位置，固定句型记牢： - It is + 形容词（clear/obvious/likely/important）+ that从句 - It is + 名词短语（a fact/a pity/no wonder）+ that从句 - It is + 过去分词（said/reported/believed/known）+ that从句 例：It is reported that many students have joined the volunteer activity. 特殊考点：表示“建议、命令、要求”的形容词（important/necessary）后，that从句要用虚拟语气(should) do。 例：It is necessary that he (should) make a plan at once. 知识点02宾语从句 从句放在动词、介词、形容词后面当宾语 核心用法 1. that的省略规则 普通及物动词后，that可省：I think (that) he is right. 但以下情况不能省：并列多个宾语从句，第一个that可省，后面必须保留；介词后面的that从句，that也不能省。 2. whether和if的选用边界（高频易错） 只能用whether的场景： → 介词后面：I’m thinking about whether we should go. → 不定式前：I don’t know whether to wait or leave. → 紧跟or not：He hasn’t decided whether or not he will come. 以上全部不能换if。 3. 时态呼应逻辑 主句是现在时态，从句时态按实际句意来； 主句是过去时态，从句多用对应的过去类时态； 特例：从句讲客观真理、自然规律，永远用一般现在时。 例：The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 补充小细节：部分形容词（afraid/sure/glad）后面接的从句，也属于宾语从句范畴。 知识点03表语从句 表语从句：放在系动词后面，解释主语是什么 系动词核心就是be动词，还有look/seem/remain等，作用是给主语“下定义、做解释”。 基础句式：主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句 例：My doubt is whether we can finish the task ahead of time. The fact is that he has never lied to us. 两大专属考点： 1. that不省略：表语从句里的that，习惯上不随便省，保证句子逻辑清晰。 2. what的用法陷阱：what在表语从句里必须充当成分，翻译为“……的人/事/物”；别和that混用，that不做成分。 例：This is what I want to say.（what作say的宾语，不能换that） 知识点04同位语从句 同位语从句：解释说明前面抽象名词的具体内容 最容易和定语从句混淆，先记识别关键点： 修饰的都是抽象名词：fact/news/idea/promise/suggestion/doubt/belief等，从句是在说“这个名词到底指什么事”。 例：The news that our team won the game spread quickly. （“我们队伍赢了比赛”，就是news的具体内容，同位语从句。） 核心区分+考点： 1. that无词义、不充当成分，只连接，这是和定语从句最大区别；定语从句里that要做主/宾语。 2. 虚拟语气专属场景：抽象名词是suggestion/advice/order/request等表“建议、命令、要求”，同位语从句要用(should) do。 例：The suggestion that students (should) take more exercise is practical。 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 主语从句 It remains to be seen ______ the new policy will bring about the expected changes. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填if / what 原因：① 忘记“it remains to be seen 句型中只能用whether”的规则；② 错判从句结构——本从句 the new policy will bring about the expected changes 结构完整，不需要充当成分的what。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 识别形式主语it：看到 It + be + 名词/形容词/过去分词/不及物动词 的结构，优先判断it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面； 2. 看从句语义：若表达“是否”的含义，结合规则选whether；若从句完整且无“是否”含义，选that；若从句缺主宾表，选what/whatever等。 即时检测 1. It is still under discussion ______ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel. 2. ______ breaks the school rules on a regular basis will be severely punished. 3. It has not been decided ______ the school will hold the annual sports meeting. 4. ______ he survived the terrible accident is a miracle to all of us. 5. It is obvious ______ the local government has taken effective measures to reduce pollution. 典例02宾语从句 We are all concerned about ______ they can finish the project on schedule. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填if / that 原因：① 忘记“介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether，不能用if”的规则；② 错判语义——本句需要“是否”的含义，that无此语义。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 定位从句位置：在动词/介词/形容词后作宾语 → 判定为宾语从句； 2. 语义+结构双判断：从句完整且表“是否”→ 用whether；从句完整且无特殊语义→ 用that；从句缺主宾表→ 用what/which/who等。 即时检测 1. The manager asked ______ team had completed the market research ahead of time. 2. We are all curious about ______ made the student give up the important scholarship. 3. The teacher told us ______ light travels much faster than sound. 4. I doubt ______ the newly launched product will meet the needs of target customers. 5. She explained to the interviewer ______ she had resigned from her previous job. 典例03表语从句 The trouble is ______ we don’t have enough funds to support the research. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填because / what 原因：① 混淆表语从句的逻辑—— because 引导表语从句时语义为“因为”，不符合本句“解释问题内容”的逻辑；② 错判从句结构——本从句结构完整，不需要充当成分的what。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 识别系动词：看到 be/remain/seem/appear 等系动词，后面的从句大概率是表语从句； 2. 规则牢记：表语从句中表“是否”只能用whether，不能用if；从句完整无特殊语义用that；从句缺主宾表用what等。 即时检测 1. The biggest problem facing the company is ______ it lacks experienced technical staff. 2. The question is ______ we can finish the tough task within the given time limit. 3. This is ______ the new generation of young people prefer to work in flexible environments. 4. The reason why he was late is ______ his car broke down on the way to the office. 5. The result of the experiment is ______ we have successfully developed a new energy-saving material. 典例04同位语从句 The news ______ our team has won the international competition has spread all over the school. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填which / 混淆为定语从句 原因：① 混淆同位语从句和定语从句的区别——同位语从句的that不作成分，从句完整；定语从句的that必须充当主/宾成分，从句不完整；② 忘记“同位语从句解释抽象名词内容”的逻辑。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 找先行词：同位语从句的先行词一定是fact/news/idea/suggestion/promise等抽象名词； 2. 看从句功能：从句是在解释先行词的具体内容，而非修饰限定 → 判定为同位语从句； 3. 结构判断：从句完整无缺 → 用that；表“是否”含义 → 用whether。 即时检测 1. The rumor ______ the CEO will resign next month has caused a stir in the industry. 2. We have no doubt ______ the team will win the final competition. 3. The suggestion ______ students should be given more free time to develop hobbies is widely accepted. 4. The news ______ our school has been selected as a national model school is very encouraging. 5. The question ______ we should carry out the reform immediately is under heated discussion. 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：12分钟） 1． we will go camping depends on the weather. 2． is known to us all is that the earth is round. 3． struck me most was such plain warmth. 4．The fact she is always late annoyed the coach. 5．I have no idea he will join us or not. 6．The river has become polluted. This is many factories have dumped waste into it. 7．What I want to know is the meeting will begin. 8．He didn’t sleep well last night. This is he kept thinking about the exam. 9．Glass also is an inert material, meaning it doesn’t interact with is inside the container. 10．She asked George he had anything interesting she could read. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 11．This discovery also helps explain seals, which don’t face the same issue, lack these structures. 12．Today, many people wonder electric cars are better than gasoline cars. 13．The next evening, a man knocked on my door and asked I was missing a cat. 14．I didn’t see the film last night. That was I had to help my brother with his homework. 15．The focus of the meeting was we could develop transportation without polluting the environment. 16．The idea we can use light to record sound dates back to the 19th century. 17．Our research offers further scientific evidence a mix of positive and negative emotions promotes well-being. 18． you can learn from the ant philosophy is: Never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can. 19．At that moment, I witnessed was the beautiful way a mother’s love could ripple out into the world. 20． he quit his high-paying job is not difficult to understand. He wanted to start up his own business. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 21． we invest in renewable energy now or continue to rely on fossil fuels will profoundly impact the environmental and economic landscape for generations to come. 22． makes the 2025 “Artificial Intelligence Plus” initiative particularly groundbreaking is its focus on integrating AI with traditional industries to foster entirely new models of economic growth. 23． the lifestyle is slower and healthier is the reason why some people prefer to live in the country rather than in the city. 24．The government has announced the news a new environmental protection policy will be carried out next month. 25．She expressed her wish she could volunteer to teach English in the remote mountain villages after graduation. 26．One reason is the preparation before the actual cooking takes time, as ingredients for the same dish are typically cut into uniform shapes, and preferably into bite-sized pieces. 27．Beauty and timelessness, these are model-actress and director Chang Chunxiao intends to convey through her ongoing Kunqu Opera-themed short documentary project. 28．Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. 29．Moreover, the company has established it calls a “data collection factory” for real-world data gathering, including training scenarios such as folding clothes, organizing, cleaning and doing the laundry. 30．This trend also shows a changing attitude toward makes a “good life”. More and more people are moving away from the pursuit of material success alone. 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $