专题03 非谓语动词（期中复习讲义）高二英语下学期沪教版

专题03非谓语动词（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 动词不定式 知识点02 现在分词 知识点03 过去分词 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 动词不定式 掌握 to do / to be done / to have done 等形式的用法；能根据句子成分和逻辑关系，判断不定式的语态与形式；掌握 it 作形式主语 / 宾语、不定式作定语 / 状语 / 宾补的用法。 高频基础考点。语法填空、阅读理解和写作中均高频出现；重点考查不定式作目的状语、it 作形式主语 / 宾语的固定句型，以及不定式作定语 / 宾补的用法；也是写作提分的常用句型。 现在分词 (doing) 掌握 doing / being done / having done 等形式的用法；理解现在分词表主动 / 进行的逻辑；能区分现在分词作定语 / 状语 / 宾补 / 表语的用法；掌握独立主格结构的基础用法。 高频重难点。是语法填空的核心考点，也是阅读理解分析长难句的关键；常考查现在分词作伴随 / 原因 / 结果状语，以及作定语 / 宾补时的主动 / 进行含义；易与过去分词混淆，是学生的易错点。 过去分词 (done) 掌握 done 形式的用法；理解过去分词表被动 / 完成的逻辑；能区分过去分词作定语 / 状语 / 宾补 / 表语的用法；掌握过去分词在固定搭配中的用法。 高频易错点。语法填空和阅读理解中常考；重点考查过去分词作状语（表被动 / 完成）、作定语 / 宾补的用法；易与现在分词混淆，也是学生在写作中容易出错的地方。 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 动词不定式 动词不定式是高中非谓语动词的核心考点，以to + 动词原形为典型形式，具备名词、形容词、副词的句法功能，不能单独充当句子谓语，无人称、单复数的语法变化，可在句中灵活担当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语六大成分，贯穿语法填空、阅读理解长难句解析、书面表达全题型，是必须熟练掌握的语法重点。 动词不定式句法功能详解 （一）作主语 不定式可直接置于句首作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；为避免句子头重脚轻，it作形式主语为书面语常用结构。 To master a foreign language needs constant and patient practice. 掌握一门外语需要持之以恒的耐心练习。 It is of great importance for senior high students to develop regular learning habits. 养成规律的学习习惯，对高中生而言至关重要。 It takes a lot of time and effort to prepare for the college entrance examination. 备战高考需要付出大量的时间与精力。 （二）作宾语 常跟在及物动词后，作动词的宾语，需牢记固定接不定式的高频动词： decide, plan, hope, expect, refuse, manage, afford, promise, pretend, determine等 He refused to give up even though he met with many difficulties in study. 即便学习中遇到诸多困难，他也拒绝放弃。 She managed to work out the difficult math problem with the teacher’s help. 在老师的帮助下，她成功解出了这道数学难题。 We expect to get more professional guidance in English writing. 我们期望在英语写作中得到更专业的指导。 （三）作表语 置于系动词（be动词为主）之后，用以解释、说明主语的内容、身份、目的或计划。 Our short-term goal is to get excellent grades in the mid-term examination. 我们的短期目标是在期中考试中取得优异成绩。 The purpose of holding this activity is to raise students’ environmental awareness. 举办这次活动的目的是提升学生的环保意识。 What he wants to do is to help more students with their English learning. 他想做的就是帮助更多同学学习英语。 （四）作定语 置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，表将要发生、有待完成的动作，与修饰词构成动宾关系。 1. I have a lot of schoolwork to finish before this weekend. 本周末之前我有大量功课要完成。 2. We have many difficult tasks to deal with in the new semester. 新学期我们有很多艰巨的任务要处理。 3. He is always the first person to arrive at the classroom every morning. 他每天早上总是第一个到教室的人。 （五）作状语 主要在句中作目的、结果、原因状语，其中目的状语为高考考查重点。 1. To improve his oral English, he practices speaking English every morning. 为了提高英语口语，他每天早上都练习说英语。（目的状语） 2. He ran so fast as to catch the last bus to school. 他跑得飞快，以便赶上最后一班去学校的公交车。（目的状语） 3. He hurried to the cinema, only to find that the movie had been over. 他匆忙赶到电影院，却发现电影已经结束了。（出乎意料的结果状语） 4. We are proud to have won the first prize in the school competition. 我们为在校比赛中夺得一等奖而感到自豪。（原因状语） （六）作宾语补足语 放在宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态，为高频考点。 1. Our teachers always encourage us to take an active part in after-school activities. 老师总是鼓励我们积极参加课外活动。 2. My parents expect me to become a responsible and hard-working person. 父母期望我成为一个有担当、肯努力的人。 知识点02现在分词 现在分词由“动词+ing”构成，核心特征：表示主动关系，动作正在进行或与谓语动词动作同时发生，侧重动作的主动性和持续性。 1. 作定语（修饰名词） 修饰名词时，被修饰的名词是分词动作的发出者，可转换为对应的定语从句，多用于描述名词的状态或动作。 1. The rising sun shines brightly over the quiet village. 冉冉升起的太阳照耀着宁静的村庄。（=The sun which is rising） 2. The girl sitting by the window is the top student of our class. 坐在窗边的女孩是我们班的尖子生。（=The girl who is sitting by the window） 3. We have to get rid of the polluting waste water before it flows into the river. 我们必须在污染性废水流入河流前将其处理。 2. 作状语（表时间、原因、结果、伴随等） 逻辑主语为句子主语，句子主语主动发出分词动作，可根据语义判断状语类型，是高考最常考查的用法。 1. Hearing the good news, we all jumped with joy.（时间状语） 听到这个好消息，我们都高兴得跳了起来。 2. Not knowing how to solve the problem, he turned to his deskmate for advice.（原因状语） 因为不知道如何解决这个问题，他向同桌寻求建议。 3. The heavy rain lasted all night, causing serious flooding in the town.（结果状语） 大雨下了一整夜，导致镇上发生了严重的洪涝。 4. He walked along the street, listening to music on his phone.（伴随状语） 他沿着街道走，手机上听着音乐。 5. Having finished all the housework, she sat down to watch her favorite TV show.（完成式，表动作先发生） 做完所有家务后，她坐下来看自己喜欢的电视剧。 3. 作宾语补足语 放在宾语后，补充说明宾语正在进行的主动动作，常跟在感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice）、使役动词（keep, leave）之后。 1. I saw a little boy picking flowers in the park just now. 我刚才看到一个小男孩在公园里摘花。 2. The teacher kept us reading English articles for twenty minutes. 老师让我们持续读了二十分钟的英语文章。 3. Don’t leave the water running when you brush your teeth. 刷牙时不要让水一直流着。 4. 作表语 放在系动词后，修饰事物，表示事物本身具有的“令人……的”性质或特征。 1. The adventure film is very exciting and attracts a large number of teenagers. 这部冒险电影非常令人激动，吸引了大批青少年。 2. The result of the school sports meeting is encouraging for all players. 校运会的结果对所有运动员来说都很鼓舞人心。 知识点03过去分词 过去分词一般由“动词+ed”构成（不规则变化需单独记忆），核心特征：表示被动关系，动作已经完成，侧重动作的被动性和完成性。 1. 作定语（修饰名词） 被修饰的名词是分词动作的承受者，动作已完成，可转换为被动语态的定语从句。 2. The broken glass should be thrown away at once to avoid hurting others. 碎玻璃应立刻扔掉，以免伤人。（=The glass which is broken） 3. Most of the invited guests will attend the evening party tomorrow. 大部分被邀请的客人都会参加明天的晚宴。（=The guests who are invited） 4. We are proud of the finished project which we spent three months on. 我们为这个耗时三个月完成的项目感到自豪。 2. 作状语（表时间、原因、条件、让步等） 逻辑主语为句子主语，句子主语被动承受分词动作，句式简洁，是书面表达的高分表达。 2. Asked about his future plan, he kept silent.（时间状语） 当被问及未来计划时，他保持沉默。 3. Deeply moved by the true story, the whole class fell into silence.（原因状语） 被这个真实的故事深深打动，全班都陷入了沉默。 4. Given more time and patience, we can do the work much better.（条件状语） 如果被给予更多时间和耐心，我们能把这项工作做得更好。 5. Followed by his students, the teacher walked into the classroom.（伴随状语） 老师走进教室，学生们跟在身后。 3. 作宾语补足语 放在宾语后，表明宾语被动承受的动作，常跟在感官动词、使役动词（have, make, get）之后。 2. He had his bike repaired on his way home yesterday. 他昨天在回家的路上让人修了自行车。 3. We found the room cleaned and everything in order. 我们发现房间被打扫过，一切井井有条。 3. The speaker couldn’t make himself understood by the foreign guests. 演讲者无法让外国客人理解自己的意思。 4. 作表语 放在系动词后，修饰人，表示人的主观感受，即“感到……的”状态。 1. We are surprised at the rapid development of our hometown. 我们对家乡的快速发展感到惊讶。 2. She was very tired after a long day of study at school. 在学校学了一整天，她感到非常疲惫。 3. All the students are excited about the coming winter holiday. 所有学生都对即将到来的寒假感到兴奋。 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 动词不定式 He hurried to the station, only ______ (find) that the train had left. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填 finding 原因：混淆了现在分词和不定式作结果状语的用法。现在分词作结果状语通常表示“自然而然的结果”，而 only to do 才表示“意外、出乎意料的结果”。 解｜题｜技｜巧 牢记 only to do 的固定用法：看到 only 后接结果状语，优先用不定式 to do，表示“不料/竟然……”，这是高考常考的高频结构。 即时检测 1. The manager asked the staff not ________ (make) any noise during the important meeting. 2. She is said ________ (visit) several European countries already in her summer vacation. 3. We had no choice but ________ (wait) patiently for the next available bus. 4. It’s careless of him ________ (forget) to lock the laboratory door after school. 5. The key ________ (improve) your oral English is to practice every day. 典例02现在分词 ______ (walk) along the street, I noticed a shop selling traditional Chinese handicrafts. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填 Walk / Walked 原因：忘记非谓语的逻辑主语判断。句子已有谓语 noticed，不能再用动词原形 Walk；I 和 walk 是主动关系，不能用表示被动的 Walked。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 看句子是否已有谓语，排除动词原形； 2. 找逻辑主语，判断主被动：主动用 doing，被动用 done； 3. 看动作是否与谓语同时发生：同时发生用 doing，先发生用 having done。 即时检测 1. ________ (realize) he was late for class, he rushed towards the school gate at once. 2. The young man, ________ (work) in this company for five years, knows every job process well. 3. The movie is quite ________ (shock), leaving many audiences deep in thought. 4. He lay on the sofa, ________ (chat) with his friends on the mobile phone. 5. ________ (not receive) any reply from the school, she felt a little anxious. 典例03过去分词 _____ (see) from the top of the mountain, the town looks very beautiful. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填 Seeing / To see 原因：混淆主被动关系。the town 不能主动发出 see 的动作，因此不能用主动形式 Seeing 或 To see。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 找逻辑主语：如果主语是动作的承受者，用过去分词 done； 2. 过去分词作状语时，常表示被动、完成，翻译时可补充“被……”来判断； 3. 注意和现在分词的区别：主动用 doing，被动用 done。 即时检测 1. ________ (frighten) by the sudden thunder, the little girl cried loudly at home. 2. The suggestion ________ (put) forward by him at the meeting deserves careful consideration. 3. We found the whole classroom thoroughly ________ (clean) when we returned. 4. ________ (devote) to his research work, the scientist hardly had time for his family. 5. Most of the products ________ (export) abroad are made in this factory. 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：12分钟） 1．These businessmen are anxious (know) the detailed contents of the policy. 2．He pretended (read) when the teacher came in. 3．To my amazement, our first attempt (develop) new software was a great success. 4．This motivated him to rush between photo spots (make) the most of the conditions. 5．We’ll spend roughly two hours climbing the mountain, (admire) the breathtaking scenery and taking photos all the way. 6． (stretch) 250 kilometers, Helan Mountain is home to more than 20,000 ancient rock carvings. 7． (finish) all his homework, Tom decided to play video games for a while. 8． (trap) in the freezing water, Kiana knew the only effective plan was to get to shore herself and find help. 9． (design) to inspire and redefine urban skylines, it stands as a landmark of progress and sophistication (精密). 10．This humble beginning evolved into a delicate craft, (celebrate) for its complicated detail and expressive charm. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 11．The materials (use) in Chinese painting, the brush, ink or pigment, paper or silk, etc., have determined its character and development over thousands of years. 12．This happens, at least in part, thanks to the process of attention restoration, sometimes (call) “fascination”. 13．Instead, they put the ice cream on top of the menu, (follow) by about 35 items that make money. 14． (inspire) by folk stories, the artist created a series of paintings depicting traditional Chinese festivals. 15．Not (aim) for perfection but for progress, she felt less stressed and more motivated. 16．Moreover, they play an important role in cultural exchanges,   (help) foreigners better understand Chinese culture. 17．It is believed to clean the skin and remove negative energy, thereby (promote) good fortune and well-being. 18．On the same day, a music carnival was launched on Bogong Island,     (feature) performances by over 30 music groups, alongside enthusiastic music-loving citizens. 19．Fueled by government support that enables a new generation (explore) living heritage, traditional crafts are entering a new stage of prosperity. 20．It was constructed (honour) 19th-century Chinese immigrants who boosted Brazil’s tea industry. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 21．Professor Wang Jianxin of Shaanxi’s Northwest University, who is the first Chinese scholar (conduct) archaeological investigation in Central Asia, finally discovered the remains of the Yuezhi Culture and the Kangju Kingdom, making important contributions to archaeological studies along the Silk Road. 22．They prefer using bright colors, such as bright red, bright green and yellow and so on, and tend (bring) the contrast between them into such clear relief that will give a vividness and bouncing visual effect. 23．Hopefully, the priceless items from Sanxingdui now on show in Hong Kong will encourage some of the viewers (find) out more about the ancient societies of Sichuan. 24．Bent over a bright vase of pink peonies, a young craftsman guided his painting tool in patient and practiced circles at a factory in Beijing, (breathe) new life into China’s cloisonné tradition. 25．“The BRICS countries all have a splendid history, and through this common language, we can greatly improve communication and exchange, (connect) more BRICS poets,” he said. 26．Supported by the Inner Mongolia Museum of Natural History, it unfolds across four chapters (explore) the science of minerals and the cycle of rocks, inviting audiences on a journey to uncover the secrets of the Earth’s billion-year geological legends. 27．Richardson said that when he tested policy and urban environmental changes in the model, he was surprised at the scale of the changes (require) to restore the connection to nature. 28．Quicksand found on beaches or riverbanks is a hidden danger that traps dozens of people each year. If you find yourself (stick) in it, avoid allowing others to help, as this could cause them to get trapped as well. 29． (title) “Treasure of Earth: Exquisite Minerals and Rocks”, the exhibition presents more than 200 specimens (标本) and will run through Feb. 1, 2026. 30．The workshops are distributed across 2,005 county-level regions, including 670 formerly poor counties and 135 key counties (choose) to receive rural revitalization assistance, and have generated employment for more than 1.2 million people in related industries. 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03非谓语动词（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 动词不定式 知识点02 现在分词 知识点03 过去分词 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 动词不定式 掌握 to do / to be done / to have done 等形式的用法；能根据句子成分和逻辑关系，判断不定式的语态与形式；掌握 it 作形式主语 / 宾语、不定式作定语 / 状语 / 宾补的用法。 高频基础考点。语法填空、阅读理解和写作中均高频出现；重点考查不定式作目的状语、it 作形式主语 / 宾语的固定句型，以及不定式作定语 / 宾补的用法；也是写作提分的常用句型。 现在分词 (doing) 掌握 doing / being done / having done 等形式的用法；理解现在分词表主动 / 进行的逻辑；能区分现在分词作定语 / 状语 / 宾补 / 表语的用法；掌握独立主格结构的基础用法。 高频重难点。是语法填空的核心考点，也是阅读理解分析长难句的关键；常考查现在分词作伴随 / 原因 / 结果状语，以及作定语 / 宾补时的主动 / 进行含义；易与过去分词混淆，是学生的易错点。 过去分词 (done) 掌握 done 形式的用法；理解过去分词表被动 / 完成的逻辑；能区分过去分词作定语 / 状语 / 宾补 / 表语的用法；掌握过去分词在固定搭配中的用法。 高频易错点。语法填空和阅读理解中常考；重点考查过去分词作状语（表被动 / 完成）、作定语 / 宾补的用法；易与现在分词混淆，也是学生在写作中容易出错的地方。 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 动词不定式 动词不定式是高中非谓语动词的核心考点，以to + 动词原形为典型形式，具备名词、形容词、副词的句法功能，不能单独充当句子谓语，无人称、单复数的语法变化，可在句中灵活担当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语六大成分，贯穿语法填空、阅读理解长难句解析、书面表达全题型，是必须熟练掌握的语法重点。 动词不定式句法功能详解 （一）作主语 不定式可直接置于句首作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；为避免句子头重脚轻，it作形式主语为书面语常用结构。 To master a foreign language needs constant and patient practice. 掌握一门外语需要持之以恒的耐心练习。 It is of great importance for senior high students to develop regular learning habits. 养成规律的学习习惯，对高中生而言至关重要。 It takes a lot of time and effort to prepare for the college entrance examination. 备战高考需要付出大量的时间与精力。 （二）作宾语 常跟在及物动词后，作动词的宾语，需牢记固定接不定式的高频动词： decide, plan, hope, expect, refuse, manage, afford, promise, pretend, determine等 He refused to give up even though he met with many difficulties in study. 即便学习中遇到诸多困难，他也拒绝放弃。 She managed to work out the difficult math problem with the teacher’s help. 在老师的帮助下，她成功解出了这道数学难题。 We expect to get more professional guidance in English writing. 我们期望在英语写作中得到更专业的指导。 （三）作表语 置于系动词（be动词为主）之后，用以解释、说明主语的内容、身份、目的或计划。 Our short-term goal is to get excellent grades in the mid-term examination. 我们的短期目标是在期中考试中取得优异成绩。 The purpose of holding this activity is to raise students’ environmental awareness. 举办这次活动的目的是提升学生的环保意识。 What he wants to do is to help more students with their English learning. 他想做的就是帮助更多同学学习英语。 （四）作定语 置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，表将要发生、有待完成的动作，与修饰词构成动宾关系。 1. I have a lot of schoolwork to finish before this weekend. 本周末之前我有大量功课要完成。 2. We have many difficult tasks to deal with in the new semester. 新学期我们有很多艰巨的任务要处理。 3. He is always the first person to arrive at the classroom every morning. 他每天早上总是第一个到教室的人。 （五）作状语 主要在句中作目的、结果、原因状语，其中目的状语为高考考查重点。 1. To improve his oral English, he practices speaking English every morning. 为了提高英语口语，他每天早上都练习说英语。（目的状语） 2. He ran so fast as to catch the last bus to school. 他跑得飞快，以便赶上最后一班去学校的公交车。（目的状语） 3. He hurried to the cinema, only to find that the movie had been over. 他匆忙赶到电影院，却发现电影已经结束了。（出乎意料的结果状语） 4. We are proud to have won the first prize in the school competition. 我们为在校比赛中夺得一等奖而感到自豪。（原因状语） （六）作宾语补足语 放在宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态，为高频考点。 1. Our teachers always encourage us to take an active part in after-school activities. 老师总是鼓励我们积极参加课外活动。 2. My parents expect me to become a responsible and hard-working person. 父母期望我成为一个有担当、肯努力的人。 知识点02现在分词 现在分词由“动词+ing”构成，核心特征：表示主动关系，动作正在进行或与谓语动词动作同时发生，侧重动作的主动性和持续性。 1. 作定语（修饰名词） 修饰名词时，被修饰的名词是分词动作的发出者，可转换为对应的定语从句，多用于描述名词的状态或动作。 1. The rising sun shines brightly over the quiet village. 冉冉升起的太阳照耀着宁静的村庄。（=The sun which is rising） 2. The girl sitting by the window is the top student of our class. 坐在窗边的女孩是我们班的尖子生。（=The girl who is sitting by the window） 3. We have to get rid of the polluting waste water before it flows into the river. 我们必须在污染性废水流入河流前将其处理。 2. 作状语（表时间、原因、结果、伴随等） 逻辑主语为句子主语，句子主语主动发出分词动作，可根据语义判断状语类型，是高考最常考查的用法。 1. Hearing the good news, we all jumped with joy.（时间状语） 听到这个好消息，我们都高兴得跳了起来。 2. Not knowing how to solve the problem, he turned to his deskmate for advice.（原因状语） 因为不知道如何解决这个问题，他向同桌寻求建议。 3. The heavy rain lasted all night, causing serious flooding in the town.（结果状语） 大雨下了一整夜，导致镇上发生了严重的洪涝。 4. He walked along the street, listening to music on his phone.（伴随状语） 他沿着街道走，手机上听着音乐。 5. Having finished all the housework, she sat down to watch her favorite TV show.（完成式，表动作先发生） 做完所有家务后，她坐下来看自己喜欢的电视剧。 3. 作宾语补足语 放在宾语后，补充说明宾语正在进行的主动动作，常跟在感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice）、使役动词（keep, leave）之后。 1. I saw a little boy picking flowers in the park just now. 我刚才看到一个小男孩在公园里摘花。 2. The teacher kept us reading English articles for twenty minutes. 老师让我们持续读了二十分钟的英语文章。 3. Don’t leave the water running when you brush your teeth. 刷牙时不要让水一直流着。 4. 作表语 放在系动词后，修饰事物，表示事物本身具有的“令人……的”性质或特征。 1. The adventure film is very exciting and attracts a large number of teenagers. 这部冒险电影非常令人激动，吸引了大批青少年。 2. The result of the school sports meeting is encouraging for all players. 校运会的结果对所有运动员来说都很鼓舞人心。 知识点03过去分词 过去分词一般由“动词+ed”构成（不规则变化需单独记忆），核心特征：表示被动关系，动作已经完成，侧重动作的被动性和完成性。 1. 作定语（修饰名词） 被修饰的名词是分词动作的承受者，动作已完成，可转换为被动语态的定语从句。 2. The broken glass should be thrown away at once to avoid hurting others. 碎玻璃应立刻扔掉，以免伤人。（=The glass which is broken） 3. Most of the invited guests will attend the evening party tomorrow. 大部分被邀请的客人都会参加明天的晚宴。（=The guests who are invited） 4. We are proud of the finished project which we spent three months on. 我们为这个耗时三个月完成的项目感到自豪。 2. 作状语（表时间、原因、条件、让步等） 逻辑主语为句子主语，句子主语被动承受分词动作，句式简洁，是书面表达的高分表达。 2. Asked about his future plan, he kept silent.（时间状语） 当被问及未来计划时，他保持沉默。 3. Deeply moved by the true story, the whole class fell into silence.（原因状语） 被这个真实的故事深深打动，全班都陷入了沉默。 4. Given more time and patience, we can do the work much better.（条件状语） 如果被给予更多时间和耐心，我们能把这项工作做得更好。 5. Followed by his students, the teacher walked into the classroom.（伴随状语） 老师走进教室，学生们跟在身后。 3. 作宾语补足语 放在宾语后，表明宾语被动承受的动作，常跟在感官动词、使役动词（have, make, get）之后。 2. He had his bike repaired on his way home yesterday. 他昨天在回家的路上让人修了自行车。 3. We found the room cleaned and everything in order. 我们发现房间被打扫过，一切井井有条。 3. The speaker couldn’t make himself understood by the foreign guests. 演讲者无法让外国客人理解自己的意思。 4. 作表语 放在系动词后，修饰人，表示人的主观感受，即“感到……的”状态。 1. We are surprised at the rapid development of our hometown. 我们对家乡的快速发展感到惊讶。 2. She was very tired after a long day of study at school. 在学校学了一整天，她感到非常疲惫。 3. All the students are excited about the coming winter holiday. 所有学生都对即将到来的寒假感到兴奋。 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 动词不定式 He hurried to the station, only ______ (find) that the train had left. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查动词不定式作结果状语。句意：他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。only to do 是固定结构，表示“出乎意料的结果”，此处用不定式 to find 作结果状语。 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填 finding 原因：混淆了现在分词和不定式作结果状语的用法。现在分词作结果状语通常表示“自然而然的结果”，而 only to do 才表示“意外、出乎意料的结果”。 解｜题｜技｜巧 牢记 only to do 的固定用法：看到 only 后接结果状语，优先用不定式 to do，表示“不料/竟然……”，这是高考常考的高频结构。 即时检测 1. The manager asked the staff not ________ (make) any noise during the important meeting. 2. She is said ________ (visit) several European countries already in her summer vacation. 3. We had no choice but ________ (wait) patiently for the next available bus. 4. It’s careless of him ________ (forget) to lock the laboratory door after school. 5. The key ________ (improve) your oral English is to practice every day. 1. 答案：to make 解析：固定搭配 ask sb. not to do sth.，不定式否定结构 not to do，作宾语补足语。 2. 答案：to have visited 解析：be said to do 为固定结构；句中 already 提示动作已经完成，用不定式完成式 to have visited。 3. 答案：to wait 解析：have no choice but to do sth. 固定句型，but 前无实义动词 do，必须带 to。 4. 答案：to forget 解析：It’s + 描述人品形容词 + of sb. to do sth.，不定式作真正主语。 5. 答案：to improve 解析：the key to doing 易错混淆；此处 the key ________(improve) 是不定式作后置定语，填 to improve。 典例02现在分词 ______ (walk) along the street, I noticed a shop selling traditional Chinese handicrafts. 【答案】Walking 【详解】考查现在分词作时间/伴随状语。句意：沿着街道走的时候，我注意到一家卖中国传统手工艺品的店铺。现在分词 Walking 的逻辑主语是句子主语 I，二者为主动关系，且 walk 与 notice 动作同时发生，因此用现在分词作状语。 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填 Walk / Walked 原因：忘记非谓语的逻辑主语判断。句子已有谓语 noticed，不能再用动词原形 Walk；I 和 walk 是主动关系，不能用表示被动的 Walked。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 看句子是否已有谓语，排除动词原形； 2. 找逻辑主语，判断主被动：主动用 doing，被动用 done； 3. 看动作是否与谓语同时发生：同时发生用 doing，先发生用 having done。 即时检测 1. ________ (realize) he was late for class, he rushed towards the school gate at once. 2. The young man, ________ (work) in this company for five years, knows every job process well. 3. The movie is quite ________ (shock), leaving many audiences deep in thought. 4. He lay on the sofa, ________ (chat) with his friends on the mobile phone. 5. ________ (not receive) any reply from the school, she felt a little anxious. 1. 答案：Realizing 解析：现在分词作原因状语；逻辑主语 he 与 realize 主动关系，动作同步发生。 2. 答案：having worked 解析：现在分词完成式作插入定语；work 动作先于 knows 发生，强调时间先后。 3. 答案：shocking 解析：现在分词修饰事物 movie，表“令人震惊的”，作表语。 4. 答案：chatting 解析：现在分词作伴随状语，主语 he 与 chat 主动关系，表伴随状态。 5. 答案：Not having received 解析：现在分词完成式否定作原因状语；“未收到回复”动作先于 felt 发生，层次更高。 典例03过去分词 _____ (see) from the top of the mountain, the town looks very beautiful. 【答案】Seen 【详解】考查过去分词作条件/时间状语。句意：从山顶上看，这座小镇非常美丽。过去分词 Seen 的逻辑主语是句子主语 the town，二者为被动关系（小镇是“被看”的对象），因此用过去分词作状语。 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填 Seeing / To see 原因：混淆主被动关系。the town 不能主动发出 see 的动作，因此不能用主动形式 Seeing 或 To see。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 找逻辑主语：如果主语是动作的承受者，用过去分词 done； 2. 过去分词作状语时，常表示被动、完成，翻译时可补充“被……”来判断； 3. 注意和现在分词的区别：主动用 doing，被动用 done。 即时检测 1. ________ (frighten) by the sudden thunder, the little girl cried loudly at home. 2. The suggestion ________ (put) forward by him at the meeting deserves careful consideration. 3. We found the whole classroom thoroughly ________ (clean) when we returned. 4. ________ (devote) to his research work, the scientist hardly had time for his family. 5. Most of the products ________ (export) abroad are made in this factory. 1. 答案：Frightened 解析：过去分词作原因状语；主语 the little girl 与 frighten 为被动关系“被吓到”。 2. 答案：put 解析：过去分词作后置定语；suggestion 与 put forward“提出”是被动关系，put 过去分词不变形。 3. 答案：cleaned 解析：过去分词作宾语补足语，classroom 与 clean 被动，表“被打扫干净”的状态。 4. 答案：Devoted 解析：固定搭配 be devoted to；作状语省略 be，用 Devoted，表状态。 5. 答案：exported 解析：过去分词后置定语；products 与 export“出口”被动关系，表“被出口的产品”。 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：12分钟） 1．These businessmen are anxious (know) the detailed contents of the policy. 【答案】to know 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些商人急于了解这项政策的详细内容。be anxious to do sth是固定用法，意为 “急于做某事”，to后面接动词原形，故填to know。 2．He pretended (read) when the teacher came in. 【答案】to be reading 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老师进来时，他假装正在读书。“pretend to do sth.”是固定短语，其后用动词不定式作宾语；结合“when the teacher came in”可知，句中表示老师进来时，他假装正在读书，应用动词不定式的进行式to be reading强调动作正在发生。故填to be reading。 3．To my amazement, our first attempt (develop) new software was a great success. 【答案】to develop 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：令我惊讶的是，我们开发新软件的第一次尝试取得了巨大成功。名词attempt后常接不定式作后置定语，表示“做某事的尝试”。故填to develop。 4．This motivated him to rush between photo spots (make) the most of the conditions. 【答案】to make 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这促使他在各个摄影点间奔走，只为充分利用当时的绝佳条件。空处作目的状语，应用make的不定式形式to make。故填to make。 5．We’ll spend roughly two hours climbing the mountain, (admire) the breathtaking scenery and taking photos all the way. 【答案】admiring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们将花大约两个小时爬山，一路欣赏壮丽的风景和拍照。句子已有谓语动词will spend，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，admire与其逻辑主语we之间为主动关系，需填现在分词形式。故填admiring。 6． (stretch) 250 kilometers, Helan Mountain is home to more than 20,000 ancient rock carvings. 【答案】Stretching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：绵延250公里的贺兰山，有2万多处古代岩刻。句中已有谓语动词is home to，空处应用非谓语动词，stretch和逻辑主语Helan Mountain为逻辑主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填Stretching。 7． (finish) all his homework, Tom decided to play video games for a while. 【答案】Having finished 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：完成所有作业后，汤姆决定玩一会儿电子游戏。从逻辑上推断，这两个动作有明显的时间先后顺序：“完成作业”发生在“决定去玩”之前，动作finish与Tom是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词的完成式。故填Having finished。 8． (trap) in the freezing water, Kiana knew the only effective plan was to get to shore herself and find help. 【答案】Trapped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被困在冰冷的水中，基安娜知道唯一有效的计划就是自己上岸寻求帮助。句中已有谓语动词knew，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，trap与其逻辑主语Kiana之间为被动关系，需填过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Trapped。 9． (design) to inspire and redefine urban skylines, it stands as a landmark of progress and sophistication (精密). 【答案】Designed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它的设计旨在激发灵感并重新定义城市天际线，是进步和精致的标志。本句已有谓语动词stands，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语；design与其逻辑主语it之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词designed作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Designed。 10．This humble beginning evolved into a delicate craft, (celebrate) for its complicated detail and expressive charm. 【答案】celebrated 【详解】考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：这个不起眼的开端逐渐发展成一门精巧的手艺，其复杂的细节和富有表现力的魅力备受赞誉。分析可知，“______ (celebrate) for its complicated detail …”为之前名词短语“a delicate craft”的后置定语，名词与动词“celebrate”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填celebrated。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 11．The materials (use) in Chinese painting, the brush, ink or pigment, paper or silk, etc., have determined its character and development over thousands of years. 【答案】used 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国画所使用的材料，如毛笔、墨水或颜料、纸张或丝绸等，几千年来决定了它的特点和发展。本句已有谓语have determined且无连词，动词use用非谓语形式，逻辑主语materials与动词use是动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填used。 12．This happens, at least in part, thanks to the process of attention restoration, sometimes (call) “fascination”. 【答案】called 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：这种情况的发生，至少在一定程度上，得益于注意力恢复的过程，这一过程有时被称作“入迷”。分析句子结构可知，此空考查非谓语，the process of attention restoration与call之间是被动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用过去分词作后置定语，故填called。 13．Instead, they put the ice cream on top of the menu, (follow) by about 35 items that make money. 【答案】followed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，他们把冰淇淋放在菜单顶部，后面跟着大约35种盈利的菜品。此处为过去分词作状语，分析句子并根据语意可知，句中已有谓语动词“put”，且并无其它连词连接，所以“follow”应用非谓语动词形式，因其与逻辑主语“they”之间是被动关系，即“他们被（35种盈利菜品）跟着”，所以应用其过去分词形式。故填followed。 14． (inspire) by folk stories, the artist created a series of paintings depicting traditional Chinese festivals. 【答案】Inspired 【详解】考查过去分词作状语。句意：受民间故事启发，这位艺术家创作了一系列描绘中国传统节日的画作。主语artist与inspire是被动关系（被启发），用过去分词inspired作状语，句首首字母大写。故填Inspired。 15．Not (aim) for perfection but for progress, she felt less stressed and more motivated. 【答案】aiming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她不追求完美，只求进步，因此感到压力更小、动力更足。句子已有谓语动词felt，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，she和aim for为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填aiming。 16．Moreover, they play an important role in cultural exchanges,   (help) foreigners better understand Chinese culture. 【答案】helping 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，它们在文化交流中也发挥着重要作用，有助于外国人更好地了解中国文化。逻辑主语为they(Chinese knots)，与help为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填helping。 17．It is believed to clean the skin and remove negative energy, thereby (promote) good fortune and well-being. 【答案】promoting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们认为它能清洁肌肤、去除负能量，从而增进好运与健康。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is believed，此处应用非谓语动词作结果状语，promote与句子的主语it之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式作状语。故填promoting。 18．On the same day, a music carnival was launched on Bogong Island,     (feature) performances by over 30 music groups, alongside enthusiastic music-loving citizens. 【答案】featuring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：同日，博公岛启动了一场音乐嘉年华，30余支音乐团体登台献艺，还有热情的音乐爱好者参与其中。句子已有谓语动词was launched，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，句子的主语a music carnival和动词feature之间是主动关系，需用现在分词形式作状语。故填featuring。 19．Fueled by government support that enables a new generation (explore) living heritage, traditional crafts are entering a new stage of prosperity. 【答案】to explore 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在政府支持的推动下，新一代人得以探索这些活态文化遗产，传统工艺正迈入繁荣发展的新阶段。此处是固定搭配enable sb. to do sth.，意为“使某人能够做某事”，需用动词不定式to explore作宾语补足语。故填to explore。 20．It was constructed (honour) 19th-century Chinese immigrants who boosted Brazil’s tea industry. 【答案】to honour 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它是为了纪念19 世纪推动巴西茶叶产业发展的中国移民而建造的。句中已有谓语was constructed，空处作非谓语动词，作目的状语，应用动词honour“纪念”的不定式形式。故填to honour。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 21．Professor Wang Jianxin of Shaanxi’s Northwest University, who is the first Chinese scholar (conduct) archaeological investigation in Central Asia, finally discovered the remains of the Yuezhi Culture and the Kangju Kingdom, making important contributions to archaeological studies along the Silk Road. 【答案】to conduct 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：西北大学教授王建新是第一位在中亚进行考古调查的中国学者，他最终发现了月氏文化和康居王国的遗迹，为丝绸之路的考古研究做出了重要贡献。“(conduct) archaeological investigation in Central Asia”作后置定语，且名词Chinese scholar 前有序数词the first修饰，构成“the+序数词+名词+to do sth.”固定结构，表示“第几个做某事的……”，用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to conduct。 22．They prefer using bright colors, such as bright red, bright green and yellow and so on, and tend (bring) the contrast between them into such clear relief that will give a vividness and bouncing visual effect. 【答案】to bring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们偏好使用鲜艳的颜色，如大红、大绿、黄色等，并且倾向于将颜色之间的对比表现得极为鲜明，从而呈现出生动活泼的视觉效果。固定搭配tend to do sth.，意为“倾向于做某事”，用动词bring“带来，导致，使处于”的不定式to bring。故填to bring。 23．Hopefully, the priceless items from Sanxingdui now on show in Hong Kong will encourage some of the viewers (find) out more about the ancient societies of Sichuan. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：希望目前在香港展出的三星堆珍贵文物能鼓励一些观众去更多地了解四川的古代社会。固定结构encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to find。 24．Bent over a bright vase of pink peonies, a young craftsman guided his painting tool in patient and practiced circles at a factory in Beijing, (breathe) new life into China’s cloisonné tradition. 【答案】breathing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在北京一家工厂里，一位年轻工匠俯身对着一瓶鲜艳的粉色牡丹，手持绘具耐心而娴熟地勾勒着圆圈，为中国的掐丝珐琅传统注入新的活力。句子已有谓语guided和practiced，空处作状语，breathe与其逻辑主语a young craftsman之间是主动关系，需用现在分词breathing作伴随状语。故填breathing。 25．“The BRICS countries all have a splendid history, and through this common language, we can greatly improve communication and exchange, (connect) more BRICS poets,” he said. 【答案】connecting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：“金砖国家都有着辉煌的历史，通过这种共同的语言，我们可以极大地改善交流和交换，从而连接更多的金砖国家诗人。”他说。句子已有谓语动词can improve，此处需填非谓语动词。connect与逻辑主语we是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语。故填connecting。 26．Supported by the Inner Mongolia Museum of Natural History, it unfolds across four chapters (explore) the science of minerals and the cycle of rocks, inviting audiences on a journey to uncover the secrets of the Earth’s billion-year geological legends. 【答案】exploring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由内蒙古自然历史博物馆支持，该展览共分为四个章节，探讨了矿物科学以及岩石的循环过程，引领观众踏上探寻地球数十亿年地质传奇奥秘的旅程。分析句子结构可知，此空考查非谓语，four chapters与explore为主动关系，此处应用现在分词作后置定语，修饰four chapters，符合语境。故填exploring。 27．Richardson said that when he tested policy and urban environmental changes in the model, he was surprised at the scale of the changes (require) to restore the connection to nature. 【答案】required 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：理查森表示，当他在模型中测试政策和城市环境的变化时，他对这些为恢复人与自然的联结所必需的变化的规模感到惊讶。句子主干为he was surprised at the scale of the changes，空格处需要修饰名词changes，作后置定语。逻辑主语changes与动词require之间是被动关系（变化是“被要求、被需要”来恢复人与自然联结的），因此用过去分词作后置定语。故填required。 28．Quicksand found on beaches or riverbanks is a hidden danger that traps dozens of people each year. If you find yourself (stick) in it, avoid allowing others to help, as this could cause them to get trapped as well. 【答案】stuck 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：海滩或河岸上发现的流沙是一种隐藏的危险，每年都会困住数十人。如果你发现自己被困在其中，避免让他人帮忙，因为这可能也会导致他们被困。此处在句中作宾补，宾语为yourself，与stick之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词stuck作宾补，故填stuck。 29． (title) “Treasure of Earth: Exquisite Minerals and Rocks”, the exhibition presents more than 200 specimens (标本) and will run through Feb. 1, 2026. 【答案】Titled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该展览名为“地球的宝藏：精美矿物与岩石”，将展出超过 200 件标本，并将持续至2026年2月1日。本句谓语为presents，所以空处用非谓语形式。句子主语the exhibition与title(给……加标题、定题目)之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Titled。 30．The workshops are distributed across 2,005 county-level regions, including 670 formerly poor counties and 135 key counties (choose) to receive rural revitalization assistance, and have generated employment for more than 1.2 million people in related industries. 【答案】chosen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些工坊分布在2005个县级地区，包括670个曾经的贫困县和135个被选为接受乡村振兴援助的重点县，为相关产业120多万人提供了就业机会。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词counties，choose和counties为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填chosen。 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $