课时冲关6 Unit 5 Languages Around the World-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（人教版）

3.A [细节理解题。根据文章第三段 Called the Qube this device uses a motion sensor called a geophone to fee tremors that may mark the beginning of a bigger quake. Then， it can warn users by sounding the alarm or send- ing text alerts.(这个被称为Qube 设备使用一种叫做检 波器的运动传感器来感知可能标志着更大地震开始的 震动。然后，它可以通过发出警报或发送文本警报来警 告用户。) ”可知， Vivien He的设备的主要功能是监测震 动并发送警报。] 4.C [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But unlike earth quake monitoring stations， Qube s are tiny and in expen- sive. About the size of a Rubik's cube， one Qube costs less than $ 100 to make. So， many more of them could be installed around a city.(但与地震监测站不同， Qube s 体积小、价格便宜。大约有一个魔方那么大， 一个Qube 的制作成本不到100美元。因此，可以在城市周围安装 更多的Qube s。) ”可推知 Qube s网络可以低成本地轻松 应用。] B.「语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了干旱给 世界各地带来的问题。 5.B [细节理解题。根据第三段中“The drought is causing energy problems in Europe， too.The low water levels have cut the amount of hydroelectric power that can be produced.Some rivers are so low that the heavy boats that carry coal can't travel on them.(干旱也给欧洲带来 了能源问题。低水位减少了可生产的水力发电量。有 些河流水位很低，载煤的重型船只无法在上面航行。)” 可知，干旱导致有些河流水位降低，从而影响运输。] 6.D [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“China has n't be en able to produce enough energy， since millions of people are using electricity to keep cool.The government is calling on the public to turn off the air conditioner when it is not too hot.(中国一直无法生产足够的能源， 因为数百万人都在使用电力来降温。政府呼吁公众在 天气不太热的时候关掉空调。)”可知，中国通过控制用 电来应对干旱。] 7.A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There are no easy solutions to any of these droughts.It took years to create the climate crisis， and it will take a long time to get it under control.(这些干旱都没有简单的解决办法。气候 危机的产生历时多年，要控制气候危机也需要很长时间。 可推知，作者对与旱灾的斗争充满担忧。] 8.C 「主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了干旱给非 洲之角、欧洲、加州、亚利桑那州和中国等多地带来的问 题，由此推知“干旱在世界各地造成问题”是文章最佳 标题。] Ⅱ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章提供了一些在 飓风天气下加强家庭安全的方法。 1.G [根据前文“Hurricane season can be wild and unpre- dictable.”和后文“Here are some ways you can beef up your home security...”可知， 空处承上启下， 应描述飓风 会对生命财产造成损害。] 2.D [根据后文“That actually does nothing to ensure ensu your safety in the powerful winds.”可知， That是指前文 中提到了人们面对飓风的保护措施，所以选项 $$D ^ { * }$$ “你可能 会看到人们在飓风到来之前用胶带贴窗户。”切合 文意。] 3.E [根据后文“Any storm water that is kept out of your home is storm water that won't be able to damage the be- longings inside your home， so sandbags are well worth having at your doorways during a hurricane.”可知， 此处 是指沙袋可以把雨水挡在外面，选项E“在许多情况下， 它们将能够有效地阻挡雨水。”与下文衔接。] 4.C [根据前文“Trim(修剪) trees... to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause d a mag during a hurricane.”可知， 此处是指防止庭院里有疏松 的东西被吹到屋子里造成破坏，选项C“确保你的院子里 没有任何东西松动是很重要的。”能够承接上文。下 · 37 参考答案 5.F [根据前文“You should also take pictures of expen sive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers.”可知， 此处是指给昂贵的物品拍照并记下它 们的序列号有助于向保险公司申请赔偿，选项F“如果有 什么东西需要更换，它会帮助你的保险公司。”承接 前文。] Ⅲ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述今年二月 全球海冰覆盖面积达到了历史最低点。 1.consequences 2.in 3.rose 4.making 5.which 6.roughly 7.to set 8.Seen 9.northern 10.but/yet 课时冲关6 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THEWORLD I.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新 的研究，该研究表明说多种语言可能对儿童的执行功能有 益，特别是对于患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童。 1.B 「主旨大意题。根据第二段“The study， published in Autism Research， looked at 116 children aged 7 through 12.Of those， 53 had autism spectrum disorder and 63 did not， though 4 children were later excluded. Twenty-one of the children with ASD spoke more than one language， and 35 of the typically developing children were multi lin- gual(讲多种语言的) .Most of the multilingual children spoke English and Spanish， though some spoke Port u- gues e， Hebrew， French， Japanese or Bulgarian in add i tion to English.(这项发表在《自闭症研究》杂志上的研 究对116名7至12岁的儿童进行了调查。其中，53人 患有自闭症谱系障碍，63人没有，尽管有4名儿童后来 被排除在外。21名患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童会说一 种以上的语言，35名正常发育的儿童会说多种语言。大 多数会说多种语言的儿童会说英语和西班牙语，不过除 了英语之外，有些儿童还会说葡萄牙语、希伯来语、法 语、日语或保加利亚语。)”可知，本段主要介绍了参与这 项研究的儿童的基本情况，即这项研究的参与者。] 2.B [词句猜测题。画线词上文“The multilingual chil dren all demonstrated better executive function than their counterparts who spoke just one language， regardless of whether they were on the autism spectrum.(无论是否患 有自闭症谱系障碍，会说多种语言的儿童在执行功能方 面都比只说一种语言的同龄人表现得更好。)”指出讲多 种语言的儿童在执行功能上比讲一种语言的好；结合画 线词所在句中“in multilingual kids with ASD(在患有自 闭症谱系障碍的多语种儿童中) ”以及下文“These kids had much better self-control than those who only spoke one language and had ASD.(这些孩子比那些只会说一 种语言并患有自闭症的孩子有更好的自我控制能力。)” 可知，画线词所在句子指的是“但是这种效果在患有自 闭症谱系障碍的多语种儿童中更为明显”， salient的意思 是“更明显的， 更显著的”， 和B项“Noticeable.(明显的) ” 意思相近。] 3.C [推理判断题。根据第四段中“These kids had much better self-control than those who only spoke one lan- guage and had ASD.(这些孩子比那些只会说一种语言 并患有自闭症的孩子有更好的自我控制能力。 )”以及第 六段中“If you have to balance two languages， you have to control one in order to use the other， ’said Lucina Uddin， who was a professor at the University of Miami during the research.‘That's the idea. The ability to stop yourself from doing something might be strengthened by knowing two languages.'(*如果你必须平衡两种语言， 你必须控制一种语言，才能使用另一种语言，研究期间 在迈阿密大学任教的露西娜·乌丁(Lucina Uddin) 教授 表示：“这就是我们的观点。掌握两种语言可能会增强 人们自我控制行为的能力，使自己不再去做某些事 情。)”可推知，会说多种语言的儿童自控能力更好。] 4.D [推理判断题。根据最后一段“Encouraging multi lin- gual is m at home could benefit kids with autism spectrum disorders， the researchers conclude， and could even pro- 9· 高考总复习英语 v ide a‘natural intervention’for some types of executive function.(研究人员得出结论， 鼓励在家中使用多种语言 可能对患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童有益，甚至可以为某 些类型的执行功能提供自然干预’。)”可推知，研究人 员对鼓励自闭症儿童在家使用多种语言的态度是支 持的。] Ⅱ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了语言会 随着时间而变化，其原因很多，变化主要体现在词汇、句子 结构和发音三个方面。 1.B [前文“In some ways， it is surprising that languages change.After all， they are passed down through the gen- erations reliably enough for parents and children to com- municate with eachother.(在某些方面， 语言的变化是令 人惊讶的。毕竟，它们代代相传，足以让父母和孩子相 互交流。) ”引入文章的话题—语言的变化， 后文“For example， while Japanese has changed relatively little over a thousand years， English evolved rapidly in just a few centuries.(例如， 在一千多年的时间里， 日语的变化 相对较小，而英语在短短几个世纪内就迅速演化。)”用日 语和英语的变化情况作为例子， B项“Yet linguists find that all living languages change over time at different rates though.(然而， 语言学家发现， 所有现存的语言都会随着 时间的推移而变化——尽管变化的速度不同。)”符合语 境，和前文对语言变化的惊讶构成转折，是后文的例证 支持的观点， 后文的“changed relatively little over a ng thousand years”“evolved rapidly in just a few centuries” 解释了其中的“at different rates”。] 2.F [前文“Languages change for a variety of reasons. Large-scale shifts often occur in response to social， eco- nomic， and political pressures， as there are many exam- ples of language change fueled by invasions， colon iza- tion， and migration.(语言的变化有很多原因。由于社 会、经济和政治压力的影响，语言往往会发生大规模变 化，因为有很多入侵、殖民和移民推动语言变化的例 子。)”点明了本段的主旨语言变化的原因，介绍了外部宏 观环境的原因， F项“Even without these kinds of influences， a language can change dramatically if enough users adopt a new way of speaking.(即使没有这些影响， 如果有足够 多的使用者采用一种新的说话方式，一门语言也会发生 巨大的变化。 ”符合语境， 承接前文， 其中的“these kinds of influences”指前文的“social， economic， and political pressures”， 介绍了使用者方面的原因作为补充。] 3.G [前文“But the unique way that individuals speak also fuels language change because no two individuals use a language in exactly the same way.(但是个体说话的独特 方式也会促进语言的变化，因为没有两个人使用一种语 言的方式完全相同。)”提到了个体使用的语言存在差 异， G项“The vocabulary and phrases people use depend on where they live， their age， education level， social sta- tus and other factors.(人们使用的词汇和短语取决于他 们居住的地方、年龄、教育程度、社会地位和其他因 素。)”符合语境，具体解释了个体语言差异的原因。] 4.E [空处位于段首，是段落的主旨句，需概括段落内容， 后文“Vocabulary can change quickly as new words are y a borrowed from other languages， or as words get coined， combined， or shortened.(词汇变化很快， 比如从其他语 言中借用新词， 或者新词被创造、组合或缩略。) ”“While vocabulary can change quickly， sentence structure the 词汇变化很快，但句子结构—句子中单词的顺序变化 得比较慢。) ”和“For example， during the Great Vowel Shift five hundred years ago， the pronunciation of vowels in English changed dramatically.(例如， 在500年前的元 音大推移期间，英语元音的发音发生了巨大变化。)”涉 及语言变化中的词汇、句子结构和发音， E项“The three main areas of language that change over time are vocab u- lary， sentence structure， and pronunciation.(语言随着 时间的推移发生变化的三个主要方面是词汇、句子结构 和发音。)”符合语境，概括了这三个方面的内容。] ·38 5.A [后文“For example， during the Great Vowel Shift five hundred years ago， the pronunciation of vowels in English changed dramatically.This shift represents the biggest difference between the pronunciation of Middle English and Modern English.(例如， 在500年前的元音 大推移期间，英语元音的发音发生了巨大变化。这种转 变体现了中世纪英语和现代英语发音的最大区别。)”介 绍的是语言变化的发音方面， A项“Changes in sound are somewhat harder to document but just as interesting.(声音的 变化很难记录，但同样有趣。)”符合语境，引起后文内容。] Ⅲ.「语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了联 合国设立语言日的目的及中文日的意义。 1.to celebrate 2.tongues 3.and 4.written 5.be treated 6.for 7.promotes 8.improving 9.the 10.innovation Ⅳ.[参考范文] After a quick breakfast， Kathy headed to the beach. Under no circumstances had Kathy expected the sc enry to be so spectacular! With the sea wind blowing against her a list e face， Kathy totally lost herself in the stunning views. After half an hour's leisure walk along the beach， Kathy returned to the house.“How doI spend the rest of the day?”Kathy murmured to herself. Suddenly， the unfinished puzzle caught her attention. She felt a little excited and buried her- self in it once again.Every time the shapes met， Kathy was overwhelmed with happiness.Soon， all that were left were a few gaps.She quickly put the remaining pieces into place. The puzzle was completed! Appreciating the finished puzzle， she realized she had n't thought of her cell phone for hours.Trying to pre- serve the image in her mind， she quietly started taking it apart rather than taking pictures to update about the trip. That， she thought， was just for me.Without the dis trac tions from her cellphone， she found herself engaged in s to- ry sharing session with Mom and Daddy willingly. They spent a high-quality family time together. On arriving home， Mom gave her cellphone back.This time， however， she had no intention to share but to keep all the great mem ories in her mind. 必修第二册 课时冲关7 $$U N I T 1 \quad C U L T U R A L H E R I T A G E$$ I.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍现代技 术(AI和VR)怎样应用在文化遗产的保护上。 1.A [词义猜测题。由文章第一段“But today， it is under attack as never before. Not only are the damages of time threatening our cultural heritage(但今天， 文化受到前所 未有的攻击。时间的破坏不仅威胁着我们的文化遗 产)”可知，后文应该讲的是冲突、气候变化、全球化和旅 游业都在要求付出沉重的代价。可以猜测exacting 为 “要求付出”。] 2.B [细节理解题。由文章第二段“A I will also make res to ration and preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and vastly superior to previous methods.(人工智 能还将使现有文化遗产的恢复和保护变得更加容易，并 且大大优于以前的方法。)”可知，人工智能使现有文化 遗产的恢复变得更容易。] 3.B [推理判断题。由文章第三段“As more cultural her it age sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded， VR technology will increasingly become the way that people experience them.We'll all eventually be able to walk through places， look at (and touch!) artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes.(随着越来越多的文化遗址和文物被数字绘图和记 录，虚拟现实技术将越来越成为人们体验它们的方式。 我们最终都将能够在不同的地方穿行，观看(和触摸! 手工艺品和艺术品却不用真正看到它们。) ”可知，VR技 术可以模拟出这些文化遗产让我们感受而不用去现场，从 而减少人类对文化遗址的影响以及破坏。]课时冲关6 UNIT 5 LANGU I.阅读理解主题：人与社会体裁：说明文 Speaking more than one language may benefit children's executive(执行的) function— especially those with autism spectrum(自闭 症谱系) disorder (ASD) ， a recent analysis suggests. The study， published in Autism R $$e ^ { - }$$ search， looked at 116 children aged 7 through 12.Of those， 53 had autism spectrum disor- der and63 did not， though 4 children were later excluded. Twenty-one of the children with ASD spoke more than one language， and 35 of the typically developing children were multilingual(讲多种语言的) .Most of the multilingual children spoke English and Spanish， though some spoke Portuguese， Hebrew， French， Japanese or Bulgarian in addition to English. The researchers tested the children's executive function abilities and asked par- ents to fill out surveys assessing autism be- havior s such as viewpoint taking the abili- ty to understand viewpoints other than one's own— and social communication. The multilingual children all demon strated better executive function than their counterparts who spoke just one language， regardless of whether they were on the au- tism spectrum.But the effect was more sali ent in multilingual kids with ASD. These kids had much better self control than those who only spoke one language and had A The research also found a“direct and indirect association between mult lingual is m and viewpoint taking.”This could be be- cause people who speak more than one lan- guage must assess social signals to decide which language to speak or that their knowl- edge of more than one language comes with ·26 基础必备必修第一册 AGESAROUNDTHEWORLD 话题：多种语言可能对儿童的执行功能有益 a higher ability to understand language itself， the researchers said. Multilingual children's executive functions could be improved by the need to choose the right language to speak， the researchers write.“If you have to balance two langua- ges， you have to control one in order to use the other， ”said Lucina Uddin， who was a professor at the University of Miami during the research.“That's the idea.The ability to stop yourself from doing something might be strengthened by knowing two languages.” Encouraging multilingualism at home could benefit kids with autism spectrum dis- orders， the researchers conclude， and could even provide a“natural intervention” for some types of executive function. 1.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the study? A.Its conclusion. B.Its participants. C.Its procedures. D.Its significance. 2.What does the underlined word“salient” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Predictable. B.Noticeable. C.Potential. D.Serious. 3.What conclusion can we draw about mul- ti lingual children? A.They are less likely to be sidetracked. B.They are more creative in language use. C.They are better at controlling themselves. D.They are more likely to have language dis orders. 4.What's the researchers'attitude to promoting multi ngu alism at home for autistic children? A.Negative. B.Uncaring. C.Doubtful. D.Supportive. 高考总复习英语 [答题栏] .阅读七选五 主题：人与社会 体裁 1. In some ways， it is surprising that lan- 2guages change. After all， they are passed down through the generations reliably 3 enough for parents and children to communi- 4.cate with each other . 1 For example， while Japanese has changed relatively little over a thousand years， English evolved rap .2.idly in just a few centuries. Many present a day speakers find Shakespear's sixteenth century plays difficult and Chaucer's four- .....4.teenth-century The Canterbury Tales nearly 5 impossible to read. Languages change for a variety of re a- sons. Large-scale shifts often occur in re- sponse to social， economic， and political pressures， as there are many examples of language change fueled by invasions， colon i- zation， and migration . 2 Frequently， the needs of speakers drive language change.New technologies industries， prod- ucts and experiences simply require new words.By using new and emerging terms， we all drive language change.But the unique way that individuals speak also fuels lan- guage change because no two individuals use a language in exactly the same way. 3 Through our day-to-day interactions， we pick up words and savings from other people and integrate them into our speech. Teens and young adults， for example， often use different words and phrases from their par- ents.Some of them spread through the po $$p ^ { - }$$ ulation and slowly change the language. 4 Vocabulary can change quickly as new words are borrowed from other langua- ges， or as words get coined， combined， or shortened. Some words are even created Ⅲ.语法填空主题：人与社会 体裁：说明 In 2010， the UN Department of Global Communications instituted language days for each of the organization's six official langua ges. The goal was two-fold：1.(cel eb rate) cultural diversity as well as to pro- mote the equal use of all six 2. (tongue) . 说明文 话题：语言会随着时间而变化 through misinterpretation of form.As noted in the Linguistic Society of America's publi- cation Is English Changing ?the word pea is one such example.Up until about four hundred years ago,pease could refer to ei- ther a single pea or many peas.At some point,people assumed that pease was the plural form of a new word,pea,based on the way pease sounded.While vocabulary can change quickly,sentence structure-the order of words in a sentence changes more slowly.5 For example,during the Great Vowel Shift five hundred years ago, the pronunciation of vowels in English changed dramatically.This shift represents the biggest difference between the pronuncia- tion of Middle English and Modern English. A.Changes in sound are somewhat harder to document but just as interesting. B.Yet linguists find that all living languages change over time-at different rates though. C.As long as people are using a language, that language will undergo some change. D.All natural languages change,and lan guage change affects all areas of language use. E.The three main areas of language that change over time are vocabulary,sen- tence structure,and pronunciation. F.Even without these kinds of influences,a language can change dramatically if enough users adopt a new way of speak- ing. G.The vocabulary and phrases people use depend on where they live,their age,ed- ucation level,social status and other fac- tors. 文 话题：设立国际语言日及中文日的意义 Language is the carrier of communica- tion,the bridge of interaction between na- tions,3. the bond of understand- ing among civilizations.At the same time,a language and its individual 4. (write)forms make up the“soul”of a na- 264 tional tradition.Every language is worthy of respect and should 5. (treat) equally. The UN Chinese Language Day not on- ly provides a unique platform 6. the world to better understand China,but also 7. promote)language and cultural exchanges in the world. Today,more than 70 countries have in- cluded the Chinese language in their educa- tion systems.Chinese plays an increasingly important role in 8. (improve) V.读后续写主题：人与自我 体裁 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头 语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Kathy's family vacation to the beach was usually the highlight of her summer. This year,however,her parents announced a new rule:no phones for the entire week. "But my friends will be expecting up dates about the trip,"Kathy complained. Kathy's mom gave her a serious look.Un- willingly,Kathy handed her phone over and her mom locked it away. The drive to the beach house took most of the day.As they turned off the highway onto country back roads,the clouds dark- ened.Rain started to pour."Even more beautiful in the rain,"her mother said. “What do you think,Kathy?”Kathy glared at her mom.“Beautiful,”she muttered. That night after dinner,Kathy wan- dered into the kitchen,where her father was washing dishes.She gave her father a loving look and said in her sweetest voice, "Couldn't I have my phone back,just for one second?Just so I can tell everyone what an amazing time I'm having?" “Can't,”he said.“It's not here.Remem ber?"Kathy was very annoyed.Having noth- ing better to do,she examined the dusty bookcase in the living room.The books looked as dull as the weather.On the top shelf,however,she spotted a puzzle.She took it,emptied the pieces on the table,and began to sort them. ·26 基础必备必修第一册 communication and cooperation between China and 9. rest of the world. As more and more foreigners start to study the Chi- nese language and experience Chinese c ture， the world will have a better under- standing of China and its rich history， its hard-working people， its development through 10.(innovate) ， and its inclusive- ness. China， on its part， will also embrace (拥抱) the world with greater openness and (拥抱) make new contributions to the international community. 记叙文 话题：无手机的旅行 After what seemed like a few minutes， she looked up.It was past ten o'clock. She had been working for almost two hours!She yawned.The puzzle was less than half done， but she was exhausted.So， she went to bed. When Kathy awoke the next morning， she jumped out of bed and threw open the curtains.A blazing sun was rising over the blue ocean. The sky was cloudless. The scene reminded Kathy of a photo that her friend Betty had recently sent her. This view was even better. It would leave everyone speechless. Kathy dashed to her bedside table and reached for her phone. But there was nothing there. She sighed. Still， she wandered in front of the window， admiring the sunrise. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 After a quick breakfast， Kathy headed to the beach. Appreciating the finished puzzle， she realized she had n't thought of her cellphone for hours. 55·