Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 语法专项 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

Unit2 Morals and Virtues-动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语 【语境感悟】 阅读以下有关“美德”的短文,感知加黑部分,并回答其后的问题。 　Virtues shape a better world. ①Walking on the street, I saw a girl ②helping a blind man cross the road carefully, which moved everyone nearby. Last week, I heard my classmates ③encouraging a boy who failed the test, ④giving him confidence to try again. Let’s spread love and kindness. 【自主发现】 以上语段中,①、④为动词-ing形式作____________;②、③为动词-ing形式作____________。  【语法详解】 一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 (一)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常置于宾语后,表示正在进行的主动性的动作,强调某一过程或某种状态。动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。 I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人正从银行里跑出来。 (二)能用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的几种常见情况: 1.在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官动词后, 用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,表示正在进行的主动性的动作或某种状态。 I notice a man opposite the street shouting to me. 我注意到街对面一个男人正在冲我喊。 [温馨提示] 在see,hear,feel,watch等感官动词后,既可用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,也可用省略to 的不定式作宾语补足语。用动词-ing形式时,表示动作正在进行;用省略to 的不定式时,表示动作经过从开始到结束的全过程。 I saw a boy walking to the classroom.(表示动作正在进行) 我看见一个男孩正在向教室走去。 I saw a boy walk to the classroom.(表示动作完成) 我看见一个男孩走进了教室。 2.用于表示指使意义的使役动词之后,常见的使役动词有make,let,have,keep,get,leave等。 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 对不起,让你等了这么久。 [温馨提示] 使役动词也可以接动词-ed形式或动词原形do作宾语补足语。 3.用于with复合结构中。 With the College Entrance Examination drawing near, many of us feel nervous recently. 最近, 随着高考的临近, 我们中有很多人感到紧张。 【即时演练1】 1.The manager was satisfied to see many new products____________________(develop) after great effort.   2.And when he saw the mists____________________(rise) from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.   3.Not seeing or hearing any fire engines____________________(approach), Grant rushed to a side entrance and ran up the stairs.   4.My father had me____________________(write) the whole morning.   二、动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等,其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 1.作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句) Realizing that many people were living a poor life, he determined to give away most of his money. =When he realized that many people were living a poor life, he determined to give away most of his money. 当他意识到很多人还在过着贫穷的生活时, 他决心把他大部分的钱捐出去。 [温馨提示] 当表示正在进行的动作时,可直接在分词前面加上when或while,此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。 2.作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句) Having so much homework to do, he had to stay at home to do his homework first. =As he had so much homework to do, he had to stay at home to do his homework first. 因为有很多作业要做,他不得不待在家先做作业。 3.作条件状语(一般置于句首,可转换成由if或unless引导的条件状语从句) Not arriving at the station ahead of time, you may miss the train. =Unless you arrive at the station ahead of time,you may miss the train. 如果你不提前到达车站,你可能会错过火车。 4.作结果状语 动词-ing形式作结果状语时,通常置于句尾,中间用逗号隔开,表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。 He fell down off the tree, hurting his legs(=and hurt his legs). 他从树上掉下来,伤了腿。 [温馨提示] 若表示意外的结果,则结果状语用to do 表示,常和only连用表意外。 He rushed out of the room and ran to school, only to find nobody in when he arrived at the school. 他冲出房间,奔向学校,但当他到学校时他发现一个人都不在。 5.作让步、方式或伴随状语 动词-ing形式作让步、方式或伴随状语时,说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时,表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生,此时它可转换成并列句。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上,长时间地望着天空。 [温馨提示] 1.动词-ing形式作状语时,如果所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作发生,则用“having+动词的过去分词”形式,仍然表示主动关系;若动词与句子主语为被动关系,则用“having+been+动词的过去分词”形式。 Having worked in the city for ten years,he returned to his hometown. =After he had worked in the city for ten years, he returned to his hometown. 在这个城市工作了10年后,他回到了他的家乡。 2.若从句的主语和主句主语相同且从句中含有be动词时,从句可省略主语和be,动词的形式取决于其与主句主语的逻辑关系。 When (I was) walking on the street yesterday, I met an old friend. 昨天在街上走的时候,我遇到了一个老朋友。 【即时演练2】 1.____________________(see) her so happy, I quickly took out my Chinese exam paper.   2.She stood there,____________________(listen) to the wind.   3.____________________(admit) what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.   4.He dropped the plate,____________________(break) it into pieces.   5.These qualities help people achieve their goals because they will not give up so easily when____________________(face) difficulties.   【实战演练】 单句填空 1.He stood by the piano,____________________(listen) for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.   2.I looked up and noticed a snake____________________(wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.   3.China’s railway network connects the entire country,__________________(allow) people to travel with ease.   4.With many children____________________(gather) around her, the girl felt a little nervous.   5.On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly observed the sun____________________(rise) from the sea.   6.While shopping in the mall, I happened to spot him________________(walk) with a girl shoulder to shoulder.   7.The newly-built wooden cottages line the street,____________________(turn) the old town into dreamland.   8.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,_______________(make) air conditioning unnecessary.   9.Football fans can be seen everywhere,____________________(shout) and cheering for one side or the other.   10.Anxiously I went to bed______________(dream) about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.   语法与写作 1._________________________________, I sincerely apologize for any inconvenience I have caused you.(应用文写作之道歉信)  由于过晚意识到自己的错误,我真诚地为给您带来的任何不便道歉。 2._________________________________, I went into the classroom and gave the last lesson to those lovely children,_________________________________.(读后续写之动作描写)   平静了一下心情,我走进教室,给那些可爱的孩子们上了最后一课,并致以美好的祝愿。 3._________________________________, she walked up and gave her daughter a big hug. (读后续写之表情描写)   她泪流满面,走上前给了女儿一个大大的拥抱。 4.The school will hold a sports meeting next week,_________________________________to show their athletic talents.(应用文写作之通知)  学校下周将举办运动会,为学生提供展示运动才能的机会。 5.The energetic performance excited the whole stadium,_________________________________, their hands clapping continuously and their spirits rising.(读后续写之场景描写)  这场活力四射的表演让整个体育场都沸腾了起来,让观众们疯狂地欢呼,双手不停地鼓掌,情绪高涨到极点。 参考答案 语法归纳 【自主发现】 状语;宾语补足语 【即时演练1】 1.developed　2.rising　3.approaching　4.writing 【即时演练2】 1.Seeing　2.listening 　3.Admitting　4.breaking　5.facing 【实战演练】 Ⅰ.1.listening　2.winding 　3.allowing　4.gathering 5.rising　6.walking　7.turning　8.making　9.shouting　10.dreaming Ⅱ.1.Realizing my mistake too late 2.Calming the mood; sending good wishes 3.With tears rolling/streaming down her cheeks 4.providing students with an opportunity 5.leaving the audience cheering wildly 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $