高考阅读理解专项之词义猜测题-2026届高三英语二轮复习

高考阅读理解专项之词义猜测题 命题分析 1.猜测画线词/短语/句子的意思是高考阅读理解的必考题型，这类题目要求考生猜测文章中某个单词、短语甚至句子的(隐藏)含义以及代词的指代对象。 2.近几年高考词句猜测题的考查数量比较稳定，其中以考查画线短语的含义、生僻超纲词的含义、课标词(及其派生词)在特定语境中的陌生含义为主 3.虽然每年高考阅读理解中该类题目数量不多(每套卷 1-2道),却是考生失分的重灾区之一。 4.得分关键：所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上, 而要根据短文提供的语境, 通过阅读上下文, 根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。 词义猜测题 词义猜测题主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个单词或词组的本意或外延含义的能力，这些词和词组往往超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。词义猜测题的设问形式主要有： What does the underlined word/phrase “...” in paragraph...mean/refer to？ 关注黄金3句 1.猜测词所在句:从近几年高考来看，猜测词所在句往往很长，信息量大，是猜测词义的最关键句。 2.猜测词的前后句:如果猜测词所在句信息量不足，其前一句和后句往往为猜测词义提供关键信息。如果是代词指代题，则只关注前一句或者前两句即可。 3.最后根据上下文语境、逻辑关系、解释关系、构词法等解题 技巧1　根据逻辑关系猜词义 2024·新课标Ⅱ，D In the wrong hands，such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI ，Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 32．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic. 技巧导图 即时练习 1. The discovery is momentous because microplastics are so small that scientists have struggled to remove them from oceans，rivers，and other bodies of water.Typical wastewater treatment plants simply do not have the technology to fully catch them so they often make their way to the ocean，where they are likely to be eaten by fish. What does the underlined word “momentous” probably mean? A．Accidental. B．Significant. C．Complex. D．Interesting. 2. Monet was raised in Le Havre，Normandy.He became interested in the outdoors and drawing from an early age.His mother Louise Justine Aubrée Monet endorsed his ambitions to be a painter，while his father Claude Adolphe disapproved and wanted him to pursue a career in business.However，Monet chose to follow his heart. Which is closest in meaning to “endorsed”？ A．Fulfilled. B．Trusted. C．Supported. D．Confirmed. 3. When it came to faking a review, length was important to believability, as was detail. A long, negative review of a hotel, complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants. A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short. Emotion was also important in convincing readers—or the lack of emotion, at least. Azimi says study participants tended not to trust reviews where the writers expressed their feelings in a big way. The more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in.(26年浙江1月首考C) What does the underlined word “glowing” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Funny. B. Abusive. C. Insightful. D. Praising. 4. “For example，doctors could someday use the technology to help them decide whether to continue or terminate the treatment of people with disorders，” Lanovaz，a researcher of the study，said. What does the underlined word “terminate” mean? A．Postpone. B．Receive. C．Stop. D．Refuse. 5. Constantly，wetlands are “transition zones” between dry land and water.During floods，they sponge up excess(过量的) rainwater and even protect people from the damage of flooding.On the coast，wetlands help reduce the impact of storm surge pushed onto land by powerful storms like hurricanes.Protecting environment can help wildlife grow well and protect us from the changing climate. Which of the following best explains the underlined “sponge up”？ A．Block. B．Absorb. C．Steam. D．Produce. 技巧2　根据语法关系猜词义 2021·全国甲，C Southbank，at an eastern bend in the Thames，is the center of British skateboarding，where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.I loved it.I soon made friends with the local skaters.We spoke our own language.And my favorite：safe. Safe meant cool.It meant hello.It meant don’t worry about it.Once，when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆)，I fell onto the stones，damaging a nerve in my hand，and Toby came over，helping me up：“Safe，man.Safe.” A few minutes later，when I landed the trick，my friends beat their boards loud，shouting：“Safe! Safe! Safe！” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks，being a good skater. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe！”probably mean? A．Be careful! B．Well done! C．No way! D．Don’t worry! [技巧归纳] 即时练习 1．Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. 哑剧 2．Semantics，the study of the meaning of words，is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. 语义学 3．You may borrow from the library any periodicals：News Weekly，Reader’s Digest. 期刊 4．I am a boy who likes reading and I read all kinds of books.When I do this，I have ended up with two speeds—fast and slow depending on how worthwhile I find the book.I like to analyze and ponder over the words and contents of the books，which can sharpen my mind. What does the underlined phrase “ponder over” in this paragraph mean? A．Think about. B．Speak out. C．Cut down. D．Take over. 5.Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. （2022年甲） Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2? A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree. C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise. 6.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. （2022年乙卷） What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones. C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure. 7.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. (2018年新高考I) Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2? A． Complex.　　 　B．Advanced C．Powerful. D．Modern. 技巧3　根据构词法猜词义 2023·新课标Ⅰ，C The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works，and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so，I divided the book into two parts.In part one，I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable，before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one，I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.In doing so，I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Clear-up. B．Add-on. C．Check-in. D．Take-over. 技巧归纳 即时练习 1．Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries.Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward(别扭的) hand position. 设计精良的 2．Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.解毒 3．Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. What does the underlined phrase “mopping up” in the paragraph mean? A． Cleaning up. B．Taking in. C．Wiping out. D．Giving up. 4.Merebeth*s pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas. （2022年浙江卷1） 1.The word "wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to ? A.make money. B. try various jobs. C. be close to nature. D. travel to different places. 5.I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit. ... My imaginary Grandma’s Box worked like magic that spring,and later. Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it.Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away — since I seldom actually kept them.Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day,and I would return the belonging. (2020新高考Ⅱ B) What do the underlined words “the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to? A.The student’s parent. B.The maker of the Grandma’s Box. C.The author’s grandchild. D.The owner of the forbidden fruit. 6.I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.” （2019年全国Ⅱ） What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean ? A. Encourage team work. B. Appeal to feeling. C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice. 技巧4　根据上下文语境猜词义 上下文语境是猜测画线部分含义的重要依据之一。在解题时，考生需要“瞻前顾后”，全面考虑文章所要表达的含义。有时，文章会在上下文中给出线索，考生可依此猜测画线部分的含义。 2025·新课标Ⅰ，B As a new unit started，I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments，a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop，I only required that he piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each，with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Mixed. B．Amazing. C．Similar. D．Disturbing. 技巧归纳 即时练习 1. A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide.Referred to as matrix planting，this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden，and even some of the designing.Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools，it’s based on an elegantly simple principle：to garden more like nature does.(2025·浙江1月C) What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A．Running out of. B．Keeping away from. C．Putting up with. D．Taking advantage of. 2.When reading texts of several hundred words or more，learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.(2024·新课标Ⅰ C) What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 3. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that‘s been present in all kinds of predators(食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!(2024年甲卷B) Which best explains the phrase “take ... up notch” in para 3? A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better. 4. Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself)．Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture，she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.(2023·全国甲B) Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A．An artist. B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer. 5. When we consider contact（联系）between literate and non-literate societies such as these,all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted,only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts,but the objects. （2023年乙卷） What does the underlined word "conversation" in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Problem B.History. C.Voice. D.Society. 代词指代题 考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。 常见的设问形式有：What does the underlined word “that/this/it/...” in paragraph...refer to? 　2025·新课标Ⅱ B There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments；they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，” Ho says.“They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A．Offering regular lessons. B．Paying extra attention. C．Assigning no schoolwork. D．Showing no sympathy. 技巧归纳 即时练习 1. When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain.Ages ago，right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006.I was conducting auditions(试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing，I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”．(2024·浙江1月 B) What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? A．The play. B．The shared house. C．The sofa. D．The telephone box. 2. In the mid-1990s，Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months，physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later，still attracted to the country，he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. His visit，however，ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book，Chasing the Sea：Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia，which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan，where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land，and of the people he meets on his way：Rustam，his translator，a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California，Oleg and Natasha，his hosts in Tashkent，and a string of foreign aid workers.(2020·新课标Ⅰ C) What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Developing a serious mental disease. B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea. 3. There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids, ” Ho says. “They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork. ” (2025新高考Ⅱ B) 26. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A. Offering regular lessons. B. Paying extra attention. C. Assigning no schoolwork. D. Showing no sympathy 4.“We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior,” said Félix W.Ortiz,who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers.“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law,” he said,“people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.” (2022新高考Ⅱ C) What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to? A.Advice. B.Data. C.Tests. D.Laws. 句意猜测题 要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义，巧解句意猜测题。 设问形式有：What does the underlined expression/sentence “...” in paragraph...mean? 　2019·浙江 B Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month，a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.” What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Money spent without hesitation. B．Money not legally made. C．Money offered without conditions. D．Money not tied together. 技巧归纳 即时练习　 In my last recent job，I taught academic writing to doctoral students at a technical college.My graduate students，many of whom were computer scientists，understood the mechanisms of generative AI better than I do.They recognized large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT as unreliable research tools.They knew that models are trained on existing data and therefore cannot produce novel research.However，that knowledge did not stop my students from relying heavily on generative AI.Several students admitted to drafting their research in note form and asking ChatGPT to write their articles. As an experienced teacher，I reminded students that ChatGPT may change the meaning of a text when asked to revise，that it can produce biased and inaccurate information，that it does not generate stylistically strong writing and，for those grade-oriented students，that it does not result in A-level work.It did not matter.The students still used it. Students who outsource their writing to AI lose an opportunity to think more deeply about their research.Using ChatGPT to complete assignments is bringing a forklift(叉车) into the weight room. What does the underlined sentence mean? A．The students should refuse to use ChatGPT. B．The students can use a forklift to improve their writing. C．The students balance the development of body and mind. D．The students will never improve their cognitive fitness that way. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $