主题语境提分练32 人与自然之灾害防范与宇宙探索(二)-【百强名校168优化组合卷】2026年高考英语高三二轮复习卷

学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 主题语境提分练三十二人与自然之灾害防范与宇宙探索（二） 分值：50分 I.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分） A (2021·新高考Ⅱ卷) In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party.The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it.Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up.Instead,as many as 800,000 crowded the roads to the bridge.By the time 250,000 were on the bridge,engineers noticed something terrible:the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry.Worse,it was beginning to sway ()The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land.A disaster was avoided The story is one of stories in To Forgive Design:Understanding Failure,a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean (to its breakdowns.Its author,Dr.Henry Petroski,has long been writing about disasters.In this book,he includes the loss of the space shuttles(航天飞机) Challenger and Columbia,and the sinking of the Titanic. Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong,in this book Dr.Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur.Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied.Or perhaps a design works so well that it is adopted elsewhere again and again,with seemingly harmless improvements,until,suddenly,it does not work at all anymore. Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before,but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them. "Success is success but that is all that it is,"Dr.Petroski writes.It is failure that brings improvement. 1.What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday? [A]It carried more weight than it could. [B]It swayed violently in a strong wind. [C]Its roadway was damaged by vehicles. 独家授权侵权必究 画学科网书城四 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.c0m○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 [D]Its access was blocked by many people. 2.Which of the following is Dr.Petroski's idea according to paragraph 3? [A]No design is well received everywhere. [B]Construction is more important than design. [C]Not all disasters are caused by engineering design. [D]Improvements on engineering works are necessary. 3.What does the last paragraph suggest? [AI Failure can lead to progress. [BI Success results in overconfidence. [C]Failure should be avoided. [D]Success comes from joint efforts. 4.What is the text? [AI A news report. [BI A short story. [C]A book review. [D]A research article. B (全国Ⅱ卷) Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.The microorganisms (from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station,so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem?It's turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just any kids.It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms,like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport,New York. HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years,Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案).“We don't give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers,"says Florence Gold,a project manager. "There are no tests,"Gordon says."There is no graded homework.There almost are no grades,other than'Are you working towards your goal?'Basically,it's 'I've got to produce this product and then,at the end of the year,present it to NASA.'Engineers come and really do an in-person review,and...it's not a very nice thing at times.It's a hard business review of your product." Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact()on college admissions and practical life skills."These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I don't teach."And that annoying bacteria?Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,readying a workable solution to test in space. 独家授权侵权必究· 学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 5.ZXXk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 5.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station? [Al They are hard to get rid of. [BI They lead to air pollution. [C]They appear in different forms. [D]They damage the instruments. 6.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program? [A]To strengthen teacher-student relationships.[BI To sharpen students'communication skills. [CI To allow students to experience zero gravity.[D]To link space technology with school education. 7.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program? [A]Check their product. [B]Guide project designs. [C]Adjust work schedules. [D]Grade their homework. 8.What is the best title for the text? [A]NASA:The Home of Astronauts [B]Space:The Final Homework Frontier [C]Nature:An Outdoor Classroom [D]HUNCH:A College Admission Reform Ⅱ完形填空（每小题1分共15分） (2020新高考I卷) Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1.He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age When he was 16,Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the4 it caused had driven away a number of birds.5,the number of snakes had declined as well.He6 that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the 7 .The solution,of course,was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime.He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However,Molai went looking on his own and_10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees. 11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy.Molai built at the 13 of each sapling a bamboo platform,where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater.The water would then drip (on the plants below. Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years.His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals. 1.[A]dream [B]job [C]home [D]choice 2.[A]nature [BI youth [C]culture [D]knowledge 3.[A]precious [B]interesting 独家授权侵权必究 学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 IC]disturbing [D]awkward 4.[A]waste [B]tension [C]pain [D]damage 5.[A1Besides [B]However [C]Therefore [D]Otherwise 6.[Al agreed [B]realized I C]remembered [D]predicted 7.[A]noise [B]heat Ic]disease [D]dust 8.[A]directions [B]partners Ic]help [D]shelter 9.[A]labor [B]police [C]forest [D]finance 10.[A]rebuilt [BI discovered [C]left [D]managed 11.[A]Decorating [B]Observing [C]Watering [D]Guarding 12.[Al tough [B]illegal [C]fantastic [D]beneficial 13.[A]back [B]top [C]foot [D]side 14.[A]cool down [B]keep off [C]purify [D]collect 15.A]returned [B]learned IC]failed [D]continued Ⅲ.语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） (2020全国I卷) China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe(探测器)一the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess-一 1. (touch)down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.Landing on the moon's far side is 2. (extreme)challenging.Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 独家授权侵权必究： 画学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 3. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular 4. (interesting)to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山)， more so 5. the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 6. (find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin."This really excites scientists,"Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,"because it 7 (mean)we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8. (construct)."Data about the moon's composition,such as how 9. ice and other treasures it contains,could help China decide whether 10. (it)plans for a future lunar(月球的)base are practical. ①派生词：:flatten(flat+ten)v.变平，使（某物）变平 A ②派生词：incompetently(in+competent+-ly）adw.无能力地 B派生词：workable(work+able)ad.可行的 词形一词多义：t袭击（文义）打撞击击中；击球使受严重影响：进攻：使突然想起m打击中： 汇填成功而轰动一时的事物人 空 累语 法①名词动化：land n.陆地→y.(使)降落，着陆 填②派生词：unmanned[un+man+(n)ed]ad.(机器，尤指航天器)无人驾驶的 空 Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them 难 up or engineered them simply got things wrong,in this book Dr.Petroski widens his view to 问 consider the larger context in which such failures occur. A 剖 本句是主从复合句。Though引导让步状语从句，that引导宾语从句，because引导原因状语从 析 句，who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the person,in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the larger context. 独家授权侵权必究 多学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 ·独家授权侵权必究学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 主题语境提分练三十二 [.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。亨利彼得罗斯基所著的《原谅设计：理解失败》列举了许 多工程失败的案例。书中他分析了工程失败的原因，并指出失败的价值：失败带来了进步。 l.A[细节理解题。根据第一段中的"By the time250,000 were on the bridge..had ever been asked to carry.可知，当25万人在大桥上时，由于承载过重，桥面开始变平。据此可知，在金门大桥五十岁生 日时，它承载的重量超过了它能承受的重量。] 2.C[细节理解题。通读第三段可知，彼得罗斯基博士考虑到了工程事故背后更多的原因，比如使用 劣质材料；据此可知，并不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的。] 3.A[推理判断题。根据尾段中的"It is failure that brings improvement.可知，失败带来了进步。] 4.C[文章类型题。通读全文可知，文章先以金门大桥的事故为例，引出《原谅设计：理解失败》这 本书；接着介绍了作者在该书中表述的对工程事故背后的原因的看法及读者从这本书中能获取的内 容。文章第二段首句“The story is one of stories in...to its breakdowns.”为全文的主题句，是对这本书 的评价。据此可知，本文属于书评。] 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目，解决 国际空间站中的细菌问题。 5.A[推理判断题。根据第一段中的"The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of..可知，太空站里的细菌很难清除，故答案为A。] 6.D[细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起，故答案为 D。] 7.A[细节理解题。根据第三段的最后两句"Engineers come and really do an in~person review.It's a hard business review of your product.可知，NASA工程师亲自检查那些高中学生的产品，故答案为 A。] 8B[标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们 得到NASA工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生，选项B将其完美地结合了 起来，故答案为B。] Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了在湿地附近的村庄长大的16岁的印度男 孩Molai所发现的在湿地发生的令人不安的事情：鸟飞走，蛇数量下降。为了改变这一现状，Molai决 独家授权侵权必究 多学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 定植树，经过37年不懈的努力，终于使湿地变成了森林。文章倡导人们关注自然生态和保护环境，意 在提高人们与自然和谐共处的意识。 1.C[根据前一句句意"Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大”可知，这里是他的第一个"家”，村庄附 近的湿地就是他的第二个“家”(home)。此处把"湿地”比喻为Molai的“第二个家”，说明他对 湿地的热爱。dream梦想；job工作；choice选择。] 2.A[根据上一句中的wetlands(湿地)可知，他了解到的是“自然”[nature(湿地是自然的一部分)] 的价值和美。句意：在他很小的时候，他就在那儿了解到了自然的价值和美。youth青年；culture文化； knowledge知识。] 3.C[根据下文可知，洪水造成的破坏使得鸟和蛇的数量减少，这些现象是"令人不安的 (disturbing)。句意：当Molai 16岁的时候，他开始注意到在他家附近有一些令人不安的事情发生了。 precious宝贵的，珍贵的；interesting有趣的；awkward尴尬的，棘手的。] 4.D[根据前半句句意“洪水在那年初袭击了那个地区”可知，是洪水造成的“破坏”(damage)使 得鸟飞走。waste浪费；tension紧张；pain痛苦。] 5.A[根据上文可知，鸟飞走是洪水带来的破坏所造成的负面影响，除此之外”(besides),蛇的数量 也下降了。此处表示语意上的递进，故用besides。.however然而；therefore因此；otherwise否则。] 6.B[由下文提到的"是因为没有足够多的树来保护.”可知，这是他“意识到”(realize)的原因。 agree同意；remember记得；predict预测。] 7.B[没有足够多的树来保护这些鸟和蛇免受“高温”(heat)的侵害。这则故事发生在印度，因此 这儿的温度常年都很高。再结合后面的干燥的季节(dry season)可知，应该是保护鸟和蛇免受“高温， 炎热”的侵袭。noise噪音；disease疾病；dust灰尘。] 8D[根据上文可知，问题是没有足够多的树，那么由此推断，解决这一问题的方式就是种树，这样动 物们在白天的时候就可以找到“庇护处，遮蔽物”(shelter)。direction方向；partner同伴；help帮 助。] 9.C[上文说Molai想种树，因此他寻求帮助的部门应该是与此相关的部门。句意：他向森林(forest) 部门寻求帮助，却被告知那里什么都长不了。labor劳动；police警察；finance财政。] 10.B[然而，Molai没有放弃，他开始自己去寻找，“发现”(discover))了附近的一个岛，并开始在那里 种树。rebuild重建；leave离开；manage设法做成，管理。] 独家授权侵权必究 9 多学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 11.C[根据本段的最后一句"水会滴落在下面的植物上”可知，在干燥的季节，给小树"浇水” (water)是很难的。decorate装饰；observe观察；guard保卫。] 12.A[从a lone boy可知，对于独自一个人干活的小男孩来说，给小树浇水是"很难的” (tough)。illegal违法的；fantastic极好的；beneficial有益的。] 13.B[根据本段的最后一句可知，植物在下面(the plants below),因此Molai建的竹子做的平台应该 在小树的“上面”(top)。句意：Molai在每棵幼树的上面建了一个竹子做的平台back后面；foot 底部；side旁边，侧面。] 14.D[Molai在每棵幼树的上面建了一个竹子做的平台，平台上面放着带有小孔的陶罐，这些陶罐 是用来"收集”(collect)雨水的。然后雨水就会滴落在下面的小树上。cool down冷却下来；keep off 远离；purify净化。] 15.D[Molai一直"持续”(continue)种树37年。return回到；leam学习；fail失败。] Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功软着陆，中国成为 第一个使探测器在月球背面软着陆的国家。 l.touched[考查时态。句子主语是The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe,谓语动词是touch。根据时间状 语last week可判断用一般过去时。touch down意为"（飞机等）降落，着陆”。] 2.extremely[考查词性转换。修饰形容词challenging应用extreme的副词形式extremely。] 3.where[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰a spot,且所填词在从句中 作地点状语，故填关系副词where。] 4.interest[考查词性转换。此处是"beof+名词”结构，be of interest to sb意为“对某人有吸引 力”。] 5.than[考查介词。根据前面的比较级more可知，此处是将The far side of the moon和the familiar near side进行t比较，故填than。] 6.to find[考查非谓语动词。use sth to do sth表示"用某物做某事”，不定式表示目的。] 7.means[考查时态和主谓一致。根据直接引语中的excites可判断用一般现在时；主语是it,故谓语 动词用第三人称单数形式。] 8.is constructed[考查时态语态和主谓一致。整句话的时态为一般现在时，且the moon与 construct(组成，构成)之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为the moon,谓语动词用第 三人称单数形式。] 独家授权侵权必究 ©学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 9.much[考查how much的用法。此处意为“它含有多少冰和其他宝藏”，所填词修饰ice,故用 much。] 10.its[考查代词。所填词修饰后面的plans,故填t的形容词性物主代词形式its。] 独家授权侵权必究