主题语境提分练31 人与自然之灾害防范与宇宙探索(一)-【百强名校168优化组合卷】2026年高考英语高三二轮复习卷

主题语境提分练三十一　人与自然之灾害防范与宇宙探索(一) 分值:40分 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共27.5分) (天津卷) Fire Prevention Information The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals.They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler (喷水灭火装置) systems, fire alarms,and fire extinguishers (灭火器).They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls.Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room. Fire Alarms The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual (手动的) fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes.Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors,smoke detectors and sprinklers.For your safety, never tamper with (胡乱摆弄) these systems.False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment. Fire Drills A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester.During a fire drill, please do the following: ·Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room. ·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit; do not use a lift. ·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions. Fire Extinguishers Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment.Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so.Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property. Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines. Smoke Detectors A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room.Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings.Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector: ·If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on.If the red light is not blinking (闪动), contact residence hall staff immediately. ·Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way. ·If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff. 1.What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals? To provide part-time jobs for students. To lead the students to the nearest exits. To check and maintain fire prevention equipment. To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals. 2.What do the automatic fire alarm systems include? Pipes and smoke detectors. Smoke detectors and sprinklers. Fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations. 3.What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers? Using them wrongly results in punishment. Irresponsible use of them can damage them. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment. Using them without a trainer present is forbidden. (2022·全国甲卷) As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica,she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello.These gentle,lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood,Ginni,now 71,has had a deep love for travel.Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer,she toured in the UK,but always longed to explore further.When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,she decided it was time to take the plunge.  After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts,Ginni began to travel the world,eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego,the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.“I just decided I wanted to go,” she says.“I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous.I just wanted to do it.And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” In March 2008,Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before,to begin the journey towards Antarctica.“From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises,the whole experience was amazing.Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says.“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us.You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.” The realization that this is a precious land,to be respected by humans,was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 4.Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2? Try challenging things. Take a degree. Bring back lost memories. Stick to a promise. 5.What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica? Lovely penguins. Beautiful scenery. A discount fare. A friend's invitation. 6.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey? It could be a home for her. It should be easily accessible. It should be well preserved. It needs to be fully introduced. 7.What is the text mainly about? A childhood dream. An unforgettable experience. Sailing around the world. Meeting animals in Antarctica. (2021·北京卷) Early fifth-century philosopher St.Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him.Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it.Today's state-of-the-art atomic (原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right.Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking. Forget about time as an absolute.What if,instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to ecology?What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo (节奏) of human life?We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone,and realizing that we need to moderate (调节) our actions if we hope to live in balance.What if our definition of time reflected that? Recently,I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet,conditions that might change as a result of global warming.We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers,which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes.We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate.If the rivers run faster in the future on average,the clock will get ahead of standard time.If they run slower,you'll see the opposite effect.  The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics.It's a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame (时间框架),and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones.Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet.Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies. Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars,early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.In pre-Classical Greece,for instance,people “corrected” official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season.Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival.Likewise,river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness. When St.Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time's most noticeable qualities:Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context.Any timekeeping system is valid,and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose. 8.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature. Everyone can define time on their own terms. The qualities of time vary with how you measure it. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists. 9.The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to 　　　　.  present an assumption evaluate an argument highlight an experiment introduce an approach 10.What can we learn from this passage? Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower. Modern technology may help to shape the rivers' temporal frame. 11.What can we infer from this passage? It is crucial to improve the definition of time. A fixed frame will make time meaningless. We should live in harmony with nature. History is a mirror reflecting reality. Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分) (2025·衡阳市高三模拟预测) Over the last 60 years, many spacecraft have flown by, orbited and even landed on Mars.But human explorers could work faster and be more flexible than machines.Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone in space exploration.　1　 However, it is difficult to survive this adventure.  First, a roundtrip to Mars causes many extra health risks.For one thing, floating in microgravity for long periods weakens bones and muscles.For another, it allows fluid to build up in the head.　2　 Luckily, artificial gravity machines could help.  Then there's space radiation to worry about.The Earth's magnetic field protects astronauts near Earth from high-energy cosmic (宇宙的) rays.Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems.　3　 This increases the risk of developing the diseases.Taking certain vitamins could reduce the impacts.  　4　 Since astronauts can't carry construction materials from Earth, scientists are dreaming up ways for astronauts to use materials on Mars.Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe.A device on NASA's Perseverance rover is currently laying the groundwork for a future Mars oxygen factory.  Planning a trip to Mars isn't just about keeping astronauts safe.　5　 Humans are filled with microbes (微生物).And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars.As a result, a key part of responsible space exploration is making sure Earth bacteria don't infect other planets.  A.Exploring space always comes with risks. B.It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts. C.They can't restock like astronauts on the space station do. D.On longer journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure. E.That's why certain nations are interested in dispatching humans to Mars. F.This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications. G.Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony would present numerous challenges. 1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　 词汇积累 A ①派生词:imprisonment (im+prison+ment) n.关押,监禁 ②熟词生义:drill n.钻头v.钻孔(熟义)n.演习(生义) ③派生词:irresponsible (ir+responsible) adj.不负责任的 B ①合成词:gatekeeper (gate+keeper) n.看门人 ②合成词:kick-start (kick+start) v.重启;刺激 ③派生词:prehistoric (pre+historic) adj.史前的 C ①派生词:theorize (theory+ize) v.创建理论,建立学说;推理;提出关于……的理论 ②派生词:conceptualize (concept+ual+ize) v.使有概念;概念化 七选五 ①合成词:milestone (mile+stone) n.里程碑;划时代事件 ②合成词:high-energy (high+energy) adj.高能的 难句剖析 C We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers,which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes. 本句是主从复合句。句中that引导定语从句,修饰先行词a clock;which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词several major Alaskan rivers。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $多学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.c0m○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 主题语境提分练三十 【.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了阿德莱德大学的消防设备，分别从消防系统、 火警报警器的组成、消防演习、灭火器的使用以及烟雾探测器几个方面进行了介绍。 1.C[细节理解题。第一节说到大学配备的这些全日制火5灾消防人员的职责检查校园楼栋、检测 并维护各种消防装置、在宿舍区提供消防安全教育活动。从这些信息我们可以判断，C项是他们的 日常工作，故选C项。] 2.B[细节理解题。根据题干中的the automatic fire alarm systems'我们把答案定位在第二节Fire A1ams部分。该节内容说，火警自动报警系统包括温度探测器、烟雾探测器和自动喷水灭火装置 (heat detectors,smoke detectors and sprinklers)),故B项符合本节内容，故选B项。] 3.A[细节理解题。根据题干中的灭火器的使用”，我们把答案定位在第四节。根据第四节中的 Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.”可知，灭火器使用不当会被罚款故选A项。] 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Bazlinton的一次终生难忘的南 极之旅。 4.A [词义猜测题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，Gii在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，决定尝试有 挑战性的事情。由此推知，画线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情' 意思接近。] 5.c [细节理解题。根据第三段中的And it was in Chile she..…the islands off Tierra del Fuego.可知， 是折扣票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。] 6.c [细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，旅行结束后，Gii认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。] 7.B文章大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的These gentle,lovely gatekeepers..Ginni would never forget..可知，An unforgettable experiencet(一次难忘的经历)能够概括文章主旨。] 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过讨论时间的定义，主要论述了人们应该和大自然和谐 相处保护环境。 8.B[段落大意题。根据第一段最后一句Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking.以及上文列举的哲学家St.Augustine和爱 因斯坦对于时间的定义可推断，第一段主要讲述每个人都可以用自己的话来定义时间，故选B项。] 9.D [写作意图题。根据第二段的We're increasingly aware of the fact that..to live in balance.”进而 提出问题What if our definition of time reflected that?”,结合前两个问题What if,instead of considering 独家授权侵权必究 学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 time in terms of astronomy,we related time to ecology?What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏)of human life?可知，作者提出三个问题是为了介绍定义时间的方法，故选D项。] l0.C[细节理解题。根据第三段的We've programmed it to..see the opposite effect.可知，如果河流 运行得较慢，原子时间将超过河流时间，故选C项。] ll.C[推理判断题。根据第二设的We're increasingly aware of the.…to live in balance.和倒数第二 Temporal connection to the environment was vital to...encourage environmental awareness." 断，从这篇文章中我们知道我们应该与自然和谐共处，保护环境，故选C项。] Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类探索火星所面临的挑战和困难。文章 从多个角度分析了人类登陆火星的可能性和难点，包括健康风险、空间辐射、生存条件的建立以及 保护火星环境等方面。 l.E[根据上文Over the last60yeas,many...in space exploration.”可知，上文是解释为什么某些国家 有兴趣将人类送往火星，本空应对此进行总结，E选项That's why certain nations are interested in dispatching humans to Mars.'能承接上文，符合题意，故选E项。] 2.F[根据上文For another,,it allows fluid to build up in the head.可知，长时间在微重力环境下会导 致头部积液，本空应继续解释这种现象导致的健康后果，F选项This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications.”说明了头部积液可能导致的视力问题，能承接上文，符合题 意，故选F项。] 3.D[根据上文Then there's space radiation..of cancer and other health problems.可知，宇宙射线可 能增加癌症和其他健康问题的风险，本空继续谈论这种暴露对于宇航员的影响，D选项On longe©r journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure.正好说明了在更长的旅程中，宇航员会更长时间地 暴露在宇宙射线中，这增加了患病的风险，能承接上文符合题意故选D项。] 4.G[根据下文Since astronauts can't carry..future Mars oxygen factory.可知，下文是具体解释在火 星定居地建立和生存将面临的许多挑战，G选项Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony would present numerous challenges.概括了在火星建立和生存的挑战，能引出下文，符合题意，故选G项。] 5.B[根据下文Humans are filled with..don't infect other planets.可知，本空要引出后文宇航员可能 给火星带来的不好的影响，B选项It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts.说明了除了保护宇 航员外，还需要保护火星不受宇航员的影响，即避免地球微生物污染火星能引出下文，符合题意，故选 B项。] 独家授权侵权必究·