内容正文:
Unit 3 Sports and Fitness
Step 1 普通词汇梳理
1. [U]健康;健壮;适合:fitness a fitness center 健身中心
fit v.使合适;符合;使合格;adj.健康的;合格的;能胜任的 fit in with 适应
2. n.英式足球soccer
3. n.(pl stadia /stadiums)(周围有看台的)体育场;运动场stadium
4. n.[U]拳击boxing →boxer 拳击手
5. n[U]羽毛球运动badminton
6. n[C]马拉松赛跑 (全长42.195千米) marathon
7. event →adj. 多事故的,充满大事的 eventful
N. (1)sth that happens, especially sth important or unusual重大事件;(发生的)事情
(2)one of the races or competitions in a sports programme公开活动;比赛项目;体育比赛
【搭配】不论怎样;无论如何at all events/in any event 如果···发生;倘若in the event of/that
8. 一起来;出现;[非正式用语]进展come along
9. n[C](pl skis)滑雪板;vi滑雪;adj滑雪的ski →n[U]滑雪(运动)skiing →去滑雪go skiing
10.host n.&v. →n [C]女主人;女主持人 hostess 许多;大量 a host of
(2)[C]主人;东道主;(广播、电视的)主持人
下届奥运会的主办城市/东道主the host city for the next Olympic Games
(2)vt. 主办;主持
【运用】2008年奥运会是北京有史以来举办的最大规模的体育赛事。
The 2008 Olympic Games has been the biggest sporting / sports event ever held in Beijing.
11. [C]体育馆;健身房; [U](尤指学校的)室内体育活动 gym
12 n.[U]体操;体操训练gymnastics
13. n[U]汗;辛苦的工作 vi&vt(使)出汗sweat →adj满是汗的;汗水湿透的sweaty
be in a sweat 浑身是汗 beads of sweat 汗珠
【运用】(1)她擦去脸上的汗水。She wiped the sweat from her face.
(2) 到比赛结束时,他已经大汗淋漓了。 At the end of the match, the sweat was pouring off him.
14.n[C]&[U]传说;传奇(故事);[C]传奇人物legend → adj传说中的;非常有名的legendary
15. n[C]运动员 athlete adj健壮的;[只用于名词前]运动的; athletic
16. n.高手;主人 vt.精通;掌握master 硕士学位a master's degree
【运用】:她努力克服自己的恐高症。She struggled to master her fear of heights.
17.n.荣誉;光荣;荣耀的事;可赞颂的事物;glory → adj光荣的;辉煌的;壮丽的glorious
18.n[C]奖章;勋章;纪念章medal
19.n[C]冠军地位/称号;[复数]锦标赛;冠军赛championship
n [C]冠军;优胜者;捍卫者champion
20.树立榜样set an example 以...为例 take...as an example
效仿某人follow the example of sb.
21..adv.分离;分开;成碎片apart 破裂;破碎;崩溃fall apart apart from 除了...
take apart 拆开 tell apart 区分
【运用】:由郎平一手打造的团队处于崩溃的边缘。
The team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart.
22.n.(运动队)队长;船长;机长captain
23.丧失信心;泄气lose heart
【搭配】lose one's heart to爱上 lose face 丢脸 lose weight减肥 lose control失去控制 lose touch失去联系 lose one's way迷路 lose one's sight失明 lose one's temper发脾气
24.adj优美的;优雅的;得体的graceful → 优美、优雅grace
25. n. 失败;失败的人(或事物) failure
抽象名词语义具体化,类似词:success,surprise,honour,difficulty,comfort
【词族】vi.失败;未做到vt.&vi.不及格;未能通过; fail 没做成某事fail to do sth
26.放弃;投降give up
泄露;暴露;捐赠give away 归还;使恢复 give back发出(气味/声音等)give off
投降;屈服,让步give in 分发;发出(光/热/信号);用完give out
27.vi.& vt.假装;装扮pretend
【搭配】假装(没)做某事pretend(not)to do sth.假装正在 做某事pretend to be doing sth.
假装做了某事 pretend to have done sth 假装…… pretend+that
【运用】妈妈进来时,他假装在做作业。
When his mother came in,he pretended to be doing his homework.
28.尽管;即使even if/though
29.一百万million →[C] 百万富翁millionaire
30.vi. 作弊;舞弊vt. 欺骗;蒙骗 n. 欺骗手段;骗子cheat
【词族】 n. 骗子cheater →n. 欺骗、欺骗行为cheating
【搭配】欺骗某人 做某事cheat sb.into doing sth
从某人那骗得;(不当手段)阻止某人得到某物cheat sb.(out)of sth.
31.n. 观众;听众audience
(audience在句子中作主语时,若强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式。形容听众人数多或少,通常用large,small,crowded等形容词修饰 audience。)
32. adj. 积极的;正面的;乐观的;肯定的;阳性的positive 反义词:adj.消极的,被动的negative
【搭配】 对...积极乐观的态度 a positive attitude to/towards
采取积极的行动(措施)来做某事 take positive steps/action/measures to do sth
【运用】:我认为互联网对我们的生活有正面的影响。
I believe that the Internet has positive effects on our lives.
33.苗条的;微小的(small);不足的;vi减轻体重;变苗条slim
渺茫的成功机会slim chances of success 变苗条;(使)减少;(使)缩小; slim down
【运用】:这家公司要裁员The company is going to slim down its workforce.
34. n. 规定饮食;日常饮食 vi.节食diet
【搭配】 节食(表动作)go on a diet 节食(表状态)be on a diet
健康的饮食 a healthy diet 平衡饮食 a balanced diet
低脂饮食 a low-fat diet
【运用】:我节食的时候只吃黄瓜,但这非常有损健康。
When I go on a diet, I eat only cucumbers, but that does great harm to my health.
35.有影响;有作用make a difference
【词族】: adj. 不同的different →n.漠不关心indifference
【搭配】(对某人/物)没有作用或影响,(对某人/物)不重要 make no difference (to sb./sth.)
(对某人/物)有些作用或影响 make some difference (to sb./sth.)
辨别A和B;区分A和B tell the difference between A and B
36. n. ( especially NAmE ) 俯卧撑push-up
37.剪下;(从文字作品、文章中)删掉;剪出;停止做(或使用、食用)cut...out
【词族】 砍倒;削减 cut down 切碎;使伤心 cut up 切断;停掉;隔绝 cut off
插入;插嘴cut in 抄近路穿过cut across/through
【运用】:我不再拒绝我喜爱的食物,而是在自己的三餐中添加健康食品。
Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to my meals.
38. 有时;偶尔now and then
39. 与…比较 对照;比较compare … with/to …
拓展:把……比作……(用于比喻)compare..to..
40.vi. 慢跑 n.慢跑jog → n[U]慢跑运动jogging →去慢跑go jogging
n[C]&[U]错误;差错;谬误error 犯错误弄错了的/地;错误地make an error in error
Step2 重难点梳理
1.track
【词义】 n[C][复数]足迹;轨迹;车辙;小路;小径; 跑道;径赛运动;田径运动;
Vt.跟踪;追踪
【搭配】了解...动态;与...保持联系 keep track of 不了解...的动态;与...失去联系 lose track of
田径track and field 搜寻到;追查到 track sb/sth down
使由于恐惧或吃惊)突然止步;(使)怔住stop/halt sb in their’ tracks
【运用】(1)我们跟着熊在雪地上留下的足迹走。We followed the bear's tracks in the snow.
(2) 我玩得很愉快,以至于都忘了时间。I had so much fun that I lost track of time.
2.work out
【词义】
(1)Let’s work out how much beer we need. 算出
(2) The travelling expenses (费用) work out at 12 dollars per day each. 总共达
(3) Can you work out what these words mean? 弄清楚
(4) Things just didn’t work out as planned. 进展顺利
(5) If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym. 锻炼
【运用】(1)训练有素的体育老师能帮你制定一套训练计划,使你保持活力。
Trained exercise teachers can help you work out a training plan and keep you active.
(2)为了解出这道数学难题,我已经请教拉塞尔教授好几次了。To work out the difficult maths problem,I have consulted Professor Russell several times.
3.make it
【词义】
(1) He never really made it as an actor. 成功
(2)Leonard made a rapid calculation: he’d never make it in time. 赶上 (3)The doctor thinks he’s going to make it. 渡过难关
(4) I’m sorry I won’t be able to make it to the party tonight. 参加
【运用】
(1)只要你有梦想,不断努力就一定会成功。
As long as you have a dream, keep trying and you'll make it.
(2)再过20分钟飞机就要起飞,我们无论如何也赶不上了。 S
ai
The flight leaves in twenty minutes- we'll never make it.
4.honour
【词义】n.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸 vt.使...感到荣幸;向...表达敬意
【词族】honorable adj可敬的;光荣的
【搭配】有幸做某事 have the honour of (doing) sth
对某人来说做某事很荣幸It’s an honour for sb to do sth
为向某人表示敬意;为纪念某人in honour of sb / in sb's honour
做某事感到荣幸be/feel honoured to do sth
【运用】(1)能够担当这一角色,我感到非常荣幸。
I feel very honoured to have been able to take on this role.
(2)人们庆祝端午节纪念屈原,他是中国一位伟大的诗人。
People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in honour of Qu Yuan,who is a great Chinese poet.
5.determination 【词义】n.决心;决定
【词族】v.测定;决定;确定determine → adj.坚决的;有决心的determined
【搭配】决定做……(表示动作)determine to do...
决心做……(表示状态) be determined to do决定(做)某事determine on/upon (doing) sth
【运用】
(1)就在那时我决定继续在农场工作,以便能帮助养活我的家人。
It was at that time that I determined to go on working on the farm so that I could help support my family.
(2)决心很好地组织这次主题班会,我写信征求你关于哪些中国传统文化最吸引外国人的意见。
Determined to organize the theme class meeting wonderfully,I am writing to ask you for advice on which Chinese traditional cultures attract foreigners most.
6.injure
【词义】vt.使受伤;损害
【词族】n.伤害;损伤;injury → adj.受伤的;有伤的injured
【搭配】伤害某人do sb an injury(=do an injury to sb)受伤的人;伤员 the injured
受伤get/be injured 受重/轻伤be seriously/slightly injured
【运用】
(1)尽管腿受了伤,他还是决心跑完马拉松。
Though he got/was injured in the leg,he was determined to finish the marathon
(2)营救队像箭一样冲往现场,给伤者实施急救,然后急忙把他们送往最近的医院。
The rescue team dashed to the spot like arrows,offered first aid to the injured and then rushed them to the nearest hospital.
【辨析】
(1)hurt是普通用词。指意外事故对人的身体造成伤害,还指情感等方面受到伤害,强调引起的身体疼痛。
·He hurt /injured his knee when playing.football.
·His words really hurt me.
(2)injure通常指意外事故对人的身体造成伤害,强调身体部位受到损伤。
·Three people were killed and five injured in the accident.
(3)wound通常指在战争中或打斗中受到刀、枪等武器的伤害。
A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in the leg.
7.strength 【词义】体力;强度;优点
【词族】 vi.& t.(使)变强;巩固strengthen → adj.强壮的;坚定的;坚固的;擅长的strong
类似的词性变换 long adj. → length n.长 度→ lengthen v.(使)变长
high adj.→height n.高度→heighten v.提高
wide adj.→ width n.宽度→widen v.(使)变宽
deep adj.→depth n.深度→deepen v.(使)变深
【搭配】增强体力 build up one's strength 内心力量/意志力inner strength/strength of will
优缺点 strengths and weaknesses 用尽全身力气 with all one's strength
【运用】练中国功夫不但能强身健体,还能培养一个人的性格。
Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up one's strength, but also develop one's character.
8.compete 【词义】:compete vi.竞争;对抗
【词族】n.竞争;比赛competition →n.竞争者;对手competitor →adj.竞争的competitive
【搭配】 和某人竞争compete with/against sb 为……而竞争 compete for sth
在……中竞争compete in sth
【运用】(1)生活就像长跑,我们要与别人竞争来超越自己。
Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
(2) 要强的人什么事都想是最好的。Competitive people want to be the best at everything.
9.make sense 【词义】: 有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚 (主语通常是物,没有被动语态)
【搭配】 (1)对某人来说讲得(不)通;对某人来说有(无)意义make(no)sense to sb
(2)理解某事;弄懂某事(主语是人,可以用于被动语态)make sense of sth
(3)归属感/责任感/幽默感/方向感a sense of belonging/duty/humour/direction
(4)是固定句式,意为“做某事毫无意义” There is no sense doing sth.
【运用】(1)假装已经听懂老师说的话是没有意义的
Pretending to have understood what your teacher said doesn’t make sense
(2)无论我怎么读,就是理解不了这条信息的意思。
No matter how I tried to read it,the message did not make sense to me.
10.rather
【词义】 相当;颇;相反地;反而
【搭配】 other than除了 more than不仅仅是(+名词);多于(+数词);非常(+形容词/副词)
更准确地说,更确切地讲or rather 而不是 rather than
rather than常用作并列连词,它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)等。当作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致
【拓展】:“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”的表达方式
would do sth. rather than do sth.=prefer to do sth. rather than do=would rather do sth. than do sth
【运用】(1)是你而不是我要去野营。You rather than I are going to go camping.
(2) .将怒气发泄出来更好,而不是憋在心里。
It is better to express your anger;rather than bottle it up.
11.stress 【词义】 n. 压力;紧张;重音 vt. 强调;重读;使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安
【词族】 adj.焦虑不安的;心力交瘁的stressed → adj.压力大的;紧张的stressful
【搭配】缓解压力relieve/reduce stress 在压力下 under stress
强调lay/place/put stress on 强调 stress that... 强调……的重要性 stress the importance of..
【运用】(1)孔子强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。
Confucius stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society.
(2)现在,强调以身作则这个问题很必要。
The stress on setting an example is particularly necessary at present.
(3)她承受不了作为一个公众人物的生活压力和紧张。
She failed to withstand the stresses and strains of public life.
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