专题02 选词填空 （上海专用）2026年高考英语二模分类汇编

专题02 选词填空 编者按：2026年上海十六区高三二模收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2025~2026学年闵行区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. access B. exhibits C. chapter D. share E. randomly F. encounters G. delivered H. transformed I. thorough J. primitively K. novel This London Museum Lets You Order Objects Visitors to museums usually see only a small part of their large collections. But the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in London is trying something new. Last month, the museum introduced a(n) (11)______ space where visitors can enjoy more of its historically and culturally significant pieces that showcase 5,000 years of human creativity. The museum has (12)______ a warehouse into a climate-controlled exhibition and research venue called the V&A East Storehouse. There, guests can get an up-close look at over 250,000 objects and 350,000 library books - without any ropes, protective glass or guards separating them from the (13)______. Located on the site of the 2012 Summer Olympics, the building is a love letter to objects. The items are arranged (14)______ on rows of metal shelves, without regard for their geographical origins, time period or medium. By seeing the back of an object, looking inside a dress, or examining the bottom of a pot, visitors can make insightful observations, gaining a(n) (15)______ understanding of material culture. Such close and direct (16)______ can reveal details that are often hidden behind glass cases, turning observation into discovery. By giving the public nearly unrestricted (17)______ to the objects, the manager of the museum hoped that the space would allow visitors to form a closer bond with the collection. More broadly, the storehouse marks a new (18)______ in the way museums engage with their their collections. An estimated 97 percent of museum artifacts (手工艺品) remain in storage at anygiven time, and the (19)______ of works on display may decline further as museums keep adding new items - unless they build more exhibition space.If visitors would like to get a closer look at an artifact or even touch it, they can request it be (20)______ to a special room. Conservationists will meet them there, hand them a pair of purple gloves and teach them to handle it properly. 答案：11. K 12. H 13.B 14. E 15. I 16.F 17.A 18. C 19. D 20. G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍伦敦维多利亚与阿尔伯特博物馆打造全新仓储式展厅，让观众近距离接触藏品，开创博物馆与公众互动的新模式。 11.K. novel 解析：空格前有冠词“a(n)”，后接名词“space”，需要形容词修饰。根据上下文“the museum is trying something new”可知，博物馆正在尝试新事物，因此“novel”（新颖的）符合语境，表示“一个新颖的空间”。 12.H. transformed 解析：主语“the museum”与宾语“a warehouse”之间需要及物动词，表示“将仓库改造成……”。 “transformed”（转变、改造）常与“into”搭配，且后文提到改造后的空间是“climate-controlled exhibition and research venue”，因此“transformed”最贴合。 13.B. exhibits 解析：前文提到“objects and library books”，且空格前有“the”，需要名词。 “exhibits”（展品）与“objects”对应，且“without any ropes... separating them from the exhibits”意为“没有绳索或玻璃将游客与展品隔开”，符合博物馆开放展品的描述。 14.E. randomly 解析：空格修饰动词“arranged”，需要副词。后文“without regard for their geographical origins...”说明物品的排列没有特定顺序，因此“randomly”（随机地）最恰当。 15.I. thorough 解析：空格修饰名词“understanding”，需要形容词。前文提到游客可以近距离观察物品背面、内部等细节，这种体验能带来“thorough”（彻底的、全面的）理解，强调深度。 16.F. encounters 解析：空格前有“close and direct”，需要名词。 “encounters”（接触、相遇）指游客与展品的直接互动，后文“reveal details... hidden behind glass cases”进一步说明这种接触的价值。 17.A. access 解析：固定搭配“give access to”（提供接触/进入的机会）。前文提到“unrestricted”（无限制的），与“access”搭配恰当，表示“几乎无限制地接触展品”。 18.C. chapter 解析：空格前有“a new”，需要名词。 “chapter”本义为“章节”，引申为“新阶段”。后文“marks a new chapter in the way museums engage...”表示“标志着博物馆与藏品互动方式的新篇章”。 19.D. share 解析：主语“the... of works on display”需要名词。 “share”此处为名词，意为“份额、比例”。前文提到97%的藏品在库存中，因此“展出的作品比例可能进一步下降”符合逻辑。 20.G. delivered 解析：被动语态“be delivered to”（被送到）。前文“request it”指游客请求近距离观察某件文物，后文“to a special room”说明文物会被“交付”到特定房间，因此“delivered”正确。 （二） （2025~2026学年金山区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. （注：选项不考虑大小写） A. boosts B. challenging C. efficiently D. gains E. individually F. interacts G. internal H. matters I. memorized J. targets K. various AI That Talks to Itself Learns Faster and Smarter Talking to yourself may feel uniquely human, but it turns out this habit can also help machines learn. (11) ______ dialogue helps people organize ideas, weigh choices, and make sense of emotions. New research shows that a similar process can improve how AI learns and adapts. The researchers found that AI systems perform better across many tasks when they are trained to use inner speech alongside short-term memory. The findings suggest that learning is shaped not only by the structure of an AI system, but also by how it (12) ______ with itself during training. How Self Talk Improves AI Performance To test this idea, the researchers combined self-directed internal speech with a specialized working memory system. This approach allowed their AI models to learn more (13) ______ adjust to unfamiliar situations, and handle multiple tasks at once. The results showed clear improvements in flexibility and overall performance compared with systems that relied on memory alone. Building AI That Can Generalize A central goal of the team's work is content-agnostic (与内容无关的) information processing. This refers to the ability to apply learned skills beyond the exact situations encountered during training, using general rules rather than (14) ______ examples. Why Working Memory (15) ______ The researchers began by examining memory design in AI models, focusing on working memory and its role in generalization. By testing tasks with different levels of difficulty, the team compared (16) ______ memory structures. They found that models with multiple working memory slots (内存插槽) performed better on (17) ______ problems, such as reversing sequences (顺序) or recreating patterns. These tasks require holding several pieces of information at once and processing them in the correct order. When the team added (18) ______ that encouraged the system to talk to itself a specific number of times, performance improved even further. The biggest (19) ______ appeared during multitasking and in tasks that required many steps. The combined system is particularly exciting because it (20) ______ learning efficiency while using far less training data. It could pave the way for more flexible, human-like AI systems. 【答案】11. G 12. F 13. C 14. I 15. H 16. K 17. B 18. J 19. D 20. A 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新研究发现：让人工智能进行内部自我对话，能使其更高效学习、适应新场景、处理多任务；研究还阐释了工作记忆的重要性，以及该系统对研发更灵活类人 AI 的意义。 【11 题详解】考查形容词。句意：内部对话帮助人们梳理想法、权衡选择并理解情绪。空处修饰名词 dialogue，对应后文 inner speech（内心独白），形容词internal（内部的）符合语境。故选 G。 【12 题详解】考查动词。句意：研究结果表明，学习不仅取决于人工智能系统的结构，还取决于它在训练过程中如何与自身互动。空处作谓语，固定搭配interact with（与…… 互动）符合文意。故选 F。 【13 题详解】考查副词。句意：这种方法让人工智能模型能够更高效地学习、适应陌生环境并同时处理多项任务。空处修饰动词 learn，副词efficiently（高效地）符合语境。故选 C。 【14 题详解】考查形容词。句意：这指的是将所学技能应用到训练之外场景的能力，使用通用规则而非记忆过的例子。空处修饰名词 examples，与 general（通用的）形成对比，形容词memorized（记忆的）符合文意。故选 I。 【15 题详解】考查动词。句意：为什么工作记忆很重要。本段阐释工作记忆的作用，动词matters（要紧、重要）构成小标题，符合语境。故选 H。 【16 题详解】考查形容词。句意：通过测试不同难度的任务，研究团队比较了各种记忆结构。空处修饰名词 structures，形容词various（各种各样的）符合文意。故选 K。 【17 题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们发现，拥有多个工作记忆插槽的模型在处理有挑战性的问题时表现更好。空处修饰名词 problems，后文举例为复杂任务，形容词challenging（有挑战性的）符合语境。故选 B。 【18 题详解】考查名词。句意：当研究团队加入目标设定，鼓励系统与自己进行特定次数对话时，性能进一步提升。空处作 added 的宾语，名词targets（目标）符合文意。故选 J。 【19 题详解】考查名词。句意：最大的提升出现在多任务处理和需要多步骤的任务中。空处作主语，名词gains（提升、收获）符合语境。故选 D。 【20 题详解】考查动词。句意：这种组合系统尤其令人兴奋，因为它在使用更少训练数据的同时提升了学习效率。空处作谓语，动词boosts（提升、促进）符合文意。故选 A。 （三） （2025~2026学年松江区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. Accomplish B. barely C. contrast D. decent E. demands F. harmony G. multiple H. otherwise I. rewards J. sources K. timely Why Are Photos Taken During Blue Hour? As a professional photographer, I've taken many of my favorite pictures at blue hour--the time of day before sunrise or after sunset when the atmosphere has a deep, dark blue color. Blue hour is not really an hour--its exact length depends on your location, time of year, and weather conditions. The important thing is that the sun is a(n) 11 ______ way beneath the horizon so the sky has neither too many nor too few sunrise or sunset colors--mainly just blue. There are reasons why blue hour is so precious. First, not as many people take photos at blue hour compared to sunrise and sunset. This gives you the chance to capture appealing images at popular locations with limited or even zero crowds. Second, blue hour seizes certain emotions in the scenes that are 12 _____ tricky to express. The color blue carries its own unique emotional expression: sadness, peace, and so on. If your photo 13______ such emotional expression, it's hard to ignore this time of day. Third, blue hour combines tones of a photo into an integrated whole. I once struggled to keep colors in my photos in 14 _______for the best possible results but failed. Fortunately, the magic power of blue hour helps to 15 _______that. Green trees, yellow flowers and red rocks all appear some kind of blue—16 ________colors go along well in the images taken at that time. Fourth, there is possibility that other 17________ of light, such as warm light from buildings, create an important circumstance when portions of your photo do not turn blue during the blue hour. In such a case, your photo has a beautiful orange-blue color 18________ —a lovely flavor beyond its previous harmonious presence. However, there is usually only a brief window when the natural and artificial lights are about the same brightness, so a(n) 19 _______ click of the camera button is the critical step to make for the most even exposure between them. In spite of the careful techniques and right settings the blue hour photography requires, it 20 _____ you with great pictures. The emotions of blue hour do not work for each scene or photo, but when they do, you will be amazed. 【答案】11. D 12. H 13. E 14. F 15. A 16. G 17. J 18. C 19. K 20. I 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了摄影中的 “蓝色时刻”，解释了蓝色时刻适合拍照的原因、拍摄优势以及拍摄时的注意事项。 【11 题详解】考查形容词。句意：重要的是太阳位于地平线以下相当深的位置，这样天空既没有太多也没有太少日出或日落的色彩 —— 主要就是蓝色。空处修饰名词 way，结合语境表示 “相当的、足够的”，形容词decent符合题意。故选 D。 【12 题详解】考查副词。句意：如果你的照片在其他方面难以传达这种情感表达，那就很难忽略一天中的这个时刻。空处修饰动词 express，结合语境表示 “在其他方面、否则”，副词otherwise符合题意。故选 H。 【13 题详解】考查动词。句意：如果你的照片需要这样的情感表达，那就很难忽略一天中的这个时刻。空处作谓语，结合语境表示 “需要、要求”，动词demands符合题意。故选 E。 【14 题详解】考查名词。句意：我曾经努力让照片中的色彩保持和谐以获得最佳效果，但失败了。固定短语 in harmony 表示 “和谐、协调”，名词harmony符合题意。故选 F。 【15 题详解】考查动词。句意：幸运的是，蓝色时刻的神奇力量有助于实现这一点。固定搭配 help to do sth.，结合语境表示 “完成、实现”，动词accomplish符合题意。故选 A。 【16 题详解】考查形容词。句意：绿树、黄花和红色岩石都呈现出某种蓝色 —— 多种色彩在此时拍摄的画面中完美融合。空处修饰名词 colors，结合语境表示 “多种的”，形容词multiple符合题意。故选 G。 【17 题详解】考查名词。句意：第四，有可能其他光源，比如来自建筑物的暖光，会在蓝色时刻照片的部分区域不变蓝时创造出重要的画面效果。固定短语 sources of light 表示 “光源”，名词sources符合题意。故选 J。 【18 题详解】考查名词。句意：在这种情况下，你的照片会呈现出美丽的橙蓝色彩对比 —— 一种超越之前和谐氛围的美妙格调。固定短语 color contrast 表示 “色彩对比”，名词contrast符合题意。故选 C。 【19 题详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，自然光和人造光亮度相当的时间通常很短暂，所以及时按下快门是实现两者之间最均匀曝光的关键步骤。空处修饰名词 click，结合语境表示 “及时的”，形容词timely符合题意。故选 K。 【20 题详解】考查动词。句意：尽管蓝色时刻摄影需要精心的技巧和正确的设置，但它会用出色的照片回报你。固定搭配 reward sb. with sth. 表示 “用某物回报某人”，动词rewards符合题意。故选 I。 （四） （2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. balance B. breathing C. expanding D. figure E. labeled F. meeting G. precision H. skilled I. transition J. unexpected K. unfolded China’s first robot Peking Opera has drawn attention for its costumes, classic pieces, and the team-up between a fully made-up robot and a human performer. Videos from the first show of Farewell My Concubine (《霸王别姬》) show “Scholar 01,” China’s first robot doctoral student, stepping onstage. Dressed as the historical ____11____ Xiang Yu, the robot moves, raises its arms, and shifts its eyes to the beat of music, performing alongside Wu Xiaofeng, a Peking Opera major. Those videos triggered widespread discussion. For some audience, the performance was “full of futuristic charm,” an inventive____12____of traditional opera and cutting-edge technology. Others questioned whether a machine, however____13____, could truly belong on a stage for which human performers have spent their whole lives training. Yet what ____14____on stage touched something deeper than the novelty of a robot in face paint. The interaction of human breath and machine code suggested a(n) ____15____ possibility: That technology might extend beyond the languages of traditional operas. The robot’s ____16____added a strange clarity to the unique movements that have defined Peking Opera for centuries. Wen Mu, the director of the performance, stated it aimed to offer a glimpse of what a data-driven interpretation of the form could look like. One that can be repeated, fine-tuned and built upon in ways no human body would tolerate. And beyond the mechanics, the integration of robotics and Peking Opera is____17____ new life into the ancient art, drawing in youngsters. After the performance, teenagers who had never watched a full traditional opera suddenly found themselves discussing face-painting styles. Whatever one makes of the aesthetics (审美), it is clear that the production succeeded in ____18____ the conversation around Peking Opera. A robot dressed as Xiang Yu does offer younger and global audiences an accessible doorway into a dense, centuries-old tradition. For a cultural form that is so often ____19____ “too distant,” this is no small achievement. And perhaps that is where the Shanghai experiment lands most thoughtfully as a reminder that the future of an ancient art depends on how carefully its devoted protectors ____20____ progress and preservation. Robotics can enrich the stage, but it should not replace the human instinct and emotional intelligence on which Peking Opera’s survival depends. 【答案】11. D 12. F 13. H 14. K 15. J 16. G 17. B 18. C 19. E 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕中国首个机器人京剧展开讨论，阐述了机器人与人类演员合作表演《霸王别姬》引发的争议、带来的意义及对传统京剧未来发展的思考。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：机器人装扮成历史人物项羽，随着音乐的节拍移动、举臂、转动眼神，与京剧专业的吴小凤同台表演。空处作介词as的宾语，结合“Xiang Yu”可知，此处指历史人物，名词figure“人物”符合题意。故选D。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：对一些观众来说，这场表演“充满未来感”，是传统戏曲与尖端技术的创造性结合。空处前有形容词inventive修饰，结合“traditional opera and cutting-edge technology”可知，此处指传统戏剧和尖端技术的结合，名词meeting“结合；融合”，符合题意。故选F。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：另一些人则质疑，无论一台机器多么熟练，是否真的能登上一个人类演员耗费一生时间训练才能登上的舞台。空处作表语，修饰machine，结合“human performers have spent their whole lives training”可知，此处指熟练程度，形容词skilled“熟练的”，符合题意。故选H。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，舞台上呈现的一切，触动人们的不仅仅是脸上涂着油彩的机器人带来的新奇感。文章整体为一般过去时，空处作谓语，结合“on stage ”可知，此处指舞台上呈现的内容，动词unfolded“呈现；展开”，符合题意。故选K。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：人类的气息与机器代码的互动，暗示了一种意想不到的可能性：技术或许能超越传统戏曲的语言。空处修饰名词possibility，结合后文“technology might extend beyond the languages of traditional operas”可知，此处指意想不到的可能性，形容词unexpected“意想不到的”符合题意。故选J。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：机器人的精准度为几个世纪以来定义京剧的独特动作增添了一种奇特的清晰度。空处作主语，结合“added a strange clarity to the unique movements”可知，此处指机器人的精准度，名词precision“精准度；精确性”符合题意。故选G。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：除了机械原理之外，机器人技术与京剧的融合正在为这门古老的艺术注入新的活力，吸引着年轻人。空前有is，结合“new life into the ancient art”可知，此处指注入活力，动词breathing（此处为现在分词，与is构成现在进行时）“注入；赋予”符合题意。故选B。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：无论人们对其审美有何看法，显然这场演出成功地扩大了关于京剧的讨论范围。空处前有介词in，结合“the conversation around Peking Opera”可知，此处指扩大了讨论范围，动词expanding（此处为动名词）“扩大；拓展”符合题意。故选C。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：对于一种经常被贴上“过于遥远”标签的文化形式来说，这是一项不小的成就。空前有is，结合““too distant,””可知，此处指被贴上过于遥远的标签，动词labeled（此处为过去分词，与is构成被动语态）“贴标签；把……称为”符合题意。故选E。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：或许，上海的这场实验最具深意的地方在于，它提醒我们，一门古老艺术的未来，取决于其忠实的守护者如何谨慎地平衡进步与保护。空处作谓语，结合“progress and preservation”可知，此处指品更进步与保护，动词balance“平衡”符合题意。故选A。 （五） （2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. openness B. translating C. ancient D. reduced E. dramatic F. personally G. fixed H. suggest I. balance J. emotionally K. copying Listening to the Elements In the world of contemporary classical music, few composers have explored cultural dialogue as quietly and persistently as Qigang Chen. Born in Shanghai and trained in France, Chen has spent decades ____11____ Chinese philosophical ideas into a musical language of Western traditions. One of his most widely performed works, Wu Xing (The Five Elements), offers a marvellous example of how ____12____ wisdom can be reinterpreted for modern audience. Completed in the late 1990s, Wu Xing is a five-movement orchestral piece (管弦乐曲) inspired by the traditional Chinese concept that views the universe as a dynamic ____13____ of five forces: metal, wood, water, fire and earth. Instead of treating these elements as ____14____ symbols, Chen presents them as part of a continuous cycle in which each generates the next. This idea of movement and transformation lies at the heart of the composition. The work opens not with a(n) ____15____ statement but with reserve. Slight changes in texture and colour suggest the flow of water, while later movements introduce sharper rhythms and brighter sounds to indicate fire and metal. Chen avoids directly ____16____ traditional Chinese music. For him, tradition is not something to be directly displayed but something to be absorbed and reshaped. He uses the full resources of a Western orchestra to ____17____ qualities such as weight, flow and tension. In doing so, he invites listeners to experience the philosophy ____18____ rather than intellectually. At a time when global culture is often ____19____ to easy labels, Chen’s work offers a quieter alternative. Wu Xing does not explain the five elements; it listens to them. It implies that cultural exchange in music does not depend on grand display, but on patience, discipline and a(n) ____20____ to transformation. And in that silence between sounds, something new is born. 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. I 14. G 15. E 16. K 17. H 18. J 19. D 20. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主题是：介绍陈其钢作品《五行》及其对文化交流的独特诠释。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：出生于上海并在法国接受训练的陈其钢，几十年来一直致力于将中国的哲学思想转化为西方传统的音乐语言。根据句意及空前的“has spent decades”可知，此处考查固定搭配“spend time (in) doing sth.”，意为“花费时间做某事”，所以空处应用动名词形式，结合空后“Chinese philosophical ideas into a musical language”及选项可知，此处表示将哲学思想“翻译”或“转化”为音乐语言，动词translate意为“转化，翻译”，符合语境，与into搭配构成translate...into...，表示“把……转化为……”。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他的作品《五行》是其中最广为流传的作品之一，为现代观众重新诠释古老智慧提供了一个绝佳的例子。根据空后的名词“wisdom”可知，空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词，结合“reinterpreted for modern audience”可知，此处指来自过去的古老智慧，形容词ancient“古老的”符合语境。故选C。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：《五行》创作于20世纪90年代末，是一部受中国传统观念启发的五乐章管弦乐曲，该观念将宇宙视为由金、木、水、火、土五种力量构成的动态平衡。根据空前的“a dynamic”及空后的“of five forces”可知，空处应用名词单数形式作介词as的宾语，此处表示五种力量构成的动态“平衡”，名词balance“平衡”符合语境，a dynamic balance表示“一种动态平衡”。故选I。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：陈其钢没有将这些元素视为固定的符号，而是将它们呈现为一个连续循环的一部分，在这个循环中，每个元素都会产生下一个元素。根据空后的名词“symbols”可知，空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词，结合句意和空后的“as part of a continuous cycle in which each generates the next”可知，表示这些元素不是固定的符号，而是连续循环的一部分，形容词fixed“固定的”符合语境。故选G。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这部作品不是以戏剧性的陈述开场，而是以含蓄的方式开场。根据空后的名词“statement”可知，空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词，结合“but with reserve”可知，与“克制”相对的是“戏剧性的、夸张的”，形容词dramatic“戏剧性的”符合语境。故选E。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：陈其钢避免直接模仿中国传统音乐。根据空前的“avoids directly”可知，空处应用动名词形式作宾语，结合后文“For him, tradition is not something to be directly displayed but something to be absorbed and reshaped.”可知，此处表示不直接“复制”或“模仿”传统音乐，动词copying“模仿”符合语境。故选K。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：他充分利用西方管弦乐队的全部资源来体现重量、流动和张力等特质。根据空前的“to”可知，空处应用动词原形与to构成不定式作目的状语，结合后文“qualities such as weight, flow and tension”可知，此处表示通过音乐“暗示”或“表达”这些特质，动词suggest“暗示，体现”符合语境。故选H。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：通过这样做，他让听众从情感上而非理性上体验这种哲学。根据空后的“rather than intellectually”可知，空处应填副词作状语，修饰动词experience，与空后intellectually形成对比，与“理性地”相对的是“情感地”，副词emotionally“情感上”符合语境，表示在情感上体验这种哲学。故选J。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：在全球文化常常被简化为简单标签的时代，陈其钢的作品提供了一种更安静的选择。根据空前的“is often”及空后的“to easy labels”可知，空处应用过去分词形式与is构成被动语态，表示文化被“缩减”或“简化为”简单标签，动词reduced“减少，降低，简化”符合语境，be reduced to表示“被简化为”。故选D。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：它暗示着音乐中的文化交流并不依赖于盛大的展示，而是依赖于耐心、自律和对变革的开放态度。根据空前的“a(n)”及空后的“to transformation”可知，空处应用名词单数形式作介词on的宾语，表示对变革的态度，名词openness“开放”符合语境。故选A。 （六） （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） A. autonomous B. firmly C. integral D. launch E. leap F. live-stream G. marketplace H. measure I. precise J. skillfully K. subsequently China’s Spring Festival Gala Becomes Super Bowl-like Stage for Humanoid (像人的) Robots Humanoid robots have undoubtedly taken center stage at this year’s CMG (China Media Group) Spring Festival Gala — the world’s most-watched TV show in celebration of the Chinese New Year. For the robotics industry, this isn’t just a performance. It is a high-risk product ____11____ to billions of viewers. This year, four Chinese powerhouse startups brought their most advanced humanoids to the stage. Their performances covered many aspects of human life — from energetic martial arts and rhythmic dancing to short funny plays and daily life scenes. The ____12____ nature of the Gala makes it the ultimate “stress test” for robotics. On a stage filled with moving objects, hundreds of dancers and unpredictable lighting, there is no “reset” button. For this challenge, robots once again amazed the world with ____13____ movements and excellent stability — demonstrating well-balanced landings after running, kicking, and jumping from springboards. It is a huge ____14____ from last year, when their H1 robots finished a “Handkerchief Dance” with cautious movements and required human assistance just to exit the stage. This shift is an evident proof that the industry has moved from pre-programmed “puppets (傀儡)” to ____15____ machines powered by advanced stability algorithms (算法). Spring Festival Gala has become more than a technical display. For the first time, robots weren’t just guest performers. Rather, they were ____16____ to the Chinese tradition of Tuanyuan, or reunion. In the short funny play, Noetix’s “Bumi” robot took part in a family scene, ____17____ using humor to bridge the gap between machine and companion. This year also signaled a shift from early models to the ____18____. As Noetix CMO Zhang Miao explained to the press, if 2025 was about the race to mass-produce, 2026 is about the race to deliver. “The focus has moved from the factory floor to the commercial channel, where the real ____19____ of a company’s health is no longer how many robots it can build, but how many it can successfully integrate into real-world scenes,” Zhang said. A new era of robotics is now taking shape — and it is ____20____ rooted in China. 【答案】11. D 12. F 13. I 14. E 15. A 16. C 17. J 18. G 19. H 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人形机器人登上央视春晚舞台，向全球观众展示了中国机器人技术的巨大飞跃，从预设程序走向自主运行，从技术展示走向文化融合，标志着机器人商业化时代正式到来。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：对于机器人行业来说，这不仅仅是一场表演，更是一次面向数十亿观众的高风险产品发布。空处位于形容词high-risk后，应用名词，launch表示“发布，上市”，符合语境。故选D。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：春晚的直播性质使其成为机器人的终极“压力测试”。空处修饰名词nature，应用形容词，live-stream表示“直播的”，符合句意。故选F。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：为了应对这一挑战，机器人再次以精准的动作和出色的稳定性让世界惊叹——演示在跑步、踢腿和从跳板上跳起后的平衡落地。空处修饰名词movements，应用形容词，precise表示“精确的，精准的”，符合语境。故选I。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：与去年相比，这是一个巨大的飞跃，当时它们的H1机器人只能小心翼翼地完成“手绢舞”，并且需要人类协助才能离开舞台。空处前有a huge修饰，应用名词，leap表示“飞跃，进步”，符合句意。故选E。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这种转变是明显的证据，证明该行业已经从预编程的“傀儡”发展到由先进稳定算法驱动的自主机器。空处修饰名词machines，应用形容词，autonomous表示“自主的”，符合语境。故选A。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它们已成为中国团圆传统中不可或缺的一部分。根据空后的“to the Chinese tradition”可知，此处需要一个形容词。integral意为“构成整体所必需的，不可或缺的”，“be integral to...”表示“是……不可或缺的一部分”，符合机器人融入家庭团圆场景的语境。故选C。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：在这部喜剧小品中，Noetix的“Bumi”机器人参与了一个家庭场景，巧妙地运用幽默来弥合机器与伙伴之间的鸿沟。空处修饰现在分词using，应用副词，skillfully表示“巧妙地，娴熟地”，符合语境。故选J。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：今年也标志着机器人从早期模型转向市场阶段。根据空前的“to the”可知，此处需要一个名词。marketplace意为“市场”，与前面的“early models(早期模型)”形成对比，指机器人从研发阶段进入了商业市场。故选G。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：张说：“重点已经从工厂车间转移到商业渠道，在商业渠道中，衡量一家公司健康的真正标准不再是它能制造多少机器人，而是它能成功地将多少机器人集成到现实世界中。”根据空前的“the real”和空后的“of a company’s health”可知，此处需要一个名词。measure意为“衡量标准”，符合句意。故选H。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：一个机器人新时代正在形成——它牢牢地扎根于中国。空处修饰动词rooted，应用副词，firmly表示“坚定地，牢牢地”，“be firmly rooted in...”表示“深深扎根于……”，强调中国在该领域的基础和地位。故选B。 （七） （2025~2026学年长宁区二模） A. matched B. original C. preserved D. pressed E. records F. reflect G. reliable H. revealed I. shapes J. subsequently K. unexpectedly Reading the trees By analysing variations in tree rings across forests worldwide, Neil Pederson and his team at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory have constructed an extensive climatic record, tracing patterns of drought and rainfall over hundreds to thousands of years. Their work is based on the principle that tree rings ____11____ annual growth conditions: larger rings usually indicate wetter periods, while smaller ones suggest drought. In 2010, while investigating the effects of climate change over the past twenty years in Mongolia, the team ____12____ encountered a group of pines (松树) in the Khorgo lava (熔岩) fields. Although their ____13____ aim was to study the impact of climate change on wildfires in Mongolia’s forests, this accidental discovery soon became the focus of their research. The site’s volcanic landscape and harsh climate created conditions in which the dead pines could remain ____14____ for centuries, offering the team another research project: creating a record of climate change by reading the pine-rings. As they were ____15____ for time, the researchers sampled just eighteen pines. Despite the limited samples, some of their cross sections, pieces of trunks made by cutting across them, ____16____ signs of great age. One Siberian pine alone contained nearly 800 rings, indicating eleven centuries of growth. The tree-ring record suggested that the site might have undergone unusually long environmental changes. Moreover, just by looking at the unusual ____17____ of these old trees — wider bases, winding trunks, and signs of regrowth, the researchers were able to identify their great age. To get records of wetness, the Pederson’s team cross-dated (交叉年代测定) the different trees and ____18____ patterns of large and small rings through time. They combined their newly found samples with the earlier collections, gradually building a(n) ____19____ record of the region’s tree ages and its climatic context. What began as a short field trip with a different research goal finally produced detailed data of Mongolia’s drought and rainfall periods over about 1,100 years, well beyond the region’s previous ____20____. 【答案】11. F 12. K 13. B 14. C 15. D 16. H 17. I 18. A 19. G 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家通过分析树木年轮研究蒙古地区千年气候变迁，意外发现古松树并获得可靠气候记录。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：他们的工作基于这样一个原理：年轮反映每年的生长条件：较大的年轮通常表示较湿润的时期，而较小的年轮则表明干旱。根据larger rings usually indicate wetter periods, while smaller ones suggest drought可知，年轮反映每年的生长条件，reflect“反映”符合题意，主语rings为复数，句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。故填F。 【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：2010年，当研究蒙古过去20年气候变化的影响时，研究小组在霍尔戈熔岩场意外地发现了一群松树。根据encountered a group of pines (松树) in the Khorgo lava (熔岩) fields可知，研究小组是意外地发现了一群松树，unexpectedly“意外地”符合题意，修饰动词encountered，应用副词形式。故填K。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然他们最初的目标是研究气候变化对蒙古森林野火的影响，但这一偶然的发现很快成为他们研究的焦点。根据this accidental discovery soon became the focus of their research可知，研究气候变化对蒙古森林野火的影响是研究小组最初的目标，original“最初的”符合题意，修饰名词aim，应用形容词形式。故填B。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：该地区的火山地貌和恶劣的气候创造了条件，使死松树能够保存数百年，为研究小组提供了另一个研究项目：通过阅读松树年轮来记录气候变化。根据The site’s volcanic landscape and harsh climate created conditions可知，死松树能够保存数百年，preserved“保存”符合题意，remain为系动词，后接形容词作表语，preserved为preserve的形容词形式，表示“保存完好的”。故填C。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：由于时间紧迫，研究人员只对18棵松树进行了采样。根据sampled just eighteen pines可知，研究人员时间紧迫，pressed“紧迫的”符合题意，be pressed for time为固定短语，表示“时间紧迫”。故填D。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管样本有限，但他们的一些横截面，即通过横切树干制成的树干部件，显示出古老的迹象。根据signs of great age可知，一些横截面显示出古老的迹象，revealed“显示”符合题意，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填H。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：此外，仅仅通过观察这些古树的不同寻常的形状——更宽的基部、蜿蜒的树干和再生的迹象，研究人员就能够确定它们的古老年龄。根据wider bases, winding trunks, and signs of regrowth可知，此处描述的是古树的不同寻常的形状，shapes“形状”符合题意，由wider bases, winding trunks, and signs of regrowth可知，应用名词复数形式。故填I。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：为了获得湿度记录，佩德森的研究小组对不同的树木进行了交叉年代测定，并匹配了不同时期大小年轮的模式。根据patterns of large and small rings through time可知，研究小组匹配了不同时期大小年轮的模式，matched“匹配”符合题意，由cross-dated可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，and连接并列的谓语动词matched和cross-dated。故填A。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们将新发现的样本与早期的收藏结合起来，逐渐建立了该地区树木年龄及其气候背景的可靠记录。根据They combined their newly found samples with the earlier collections可知，研究小组建立了该地区树木年龄及其气候背景的可靠记录，reliable“可靠的”符合题意，修饰名词record，应用形容词形式。故填G。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：最初只是一次以不同研究目标为出发点的短期实地考察，最终产生了关于蒙古大约1100年来干旱和降雨时期的详细数据，远远超出了该地区以前的记录。根据上文record of the region’s tree ages and its climatic context可知，此处指的是该地区以前的记录，records“记录”符合题意，由语境可知，应用名词复数形式。故填E。 （八） （2025~2026学年静安区二模） A. fine B. licensed C. plasticity D. imposing E. ordering F. circles G. pat H. reinvent I. matters J. demanding K. reward How Knitting May Be Rewiring Your Brain Knitting — and other so-called “grandma hobbies” — is making a comeback, especially among younger generations. According to Eventbrite data, Gen Z’s interest in “granny core” gatherings, such as knitting ___11___ and needlework workshops, has grown in recent months, driven in part by a search for relief from digital burnout. But the benefits go beyond nostalgia (怀旧). Recent studies suggest that slow, hands-on tasks, such as knitting, may activate brain systems in ways that support long-term cognitive health in various ways, including engaging memory, attention, and motor function, while helping to regulate stress. In other words, regardless of age or gender, engaging in hands-on, mentally ___12___ hobbies — whether knitting, wood carving, or model building — may be one of the simplest ways to support brain health. While meditation and puzzles also offer brain benefits, knitting uniquely combines ___13___ motor coordination, creative planning, and rhythmic two-sided movement — all of which engage different brain systems at once. This kind of creativity in any capacity is helpful, says Emily Sharp, a ___14___ therapist at NY Art Therapy. A 2024 study in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience supports the outlook, demonstrating how creative activities activate the brain’s dopaminergic reward network, particularly in areas deeply involved in pleasure, motivation, and mood. But unlike the dopamine rises caused by scrolling or sugar, knitting provides a slower, steadier ___15___. Plus, since activities like knitting require planning, ___16___ and problem-solving, they activate executive function alongside motor and emotional systems. This full-brain engagement helps strengthen neural (神经的) connectivity, a crucial tool for maintaining the brain’s flexibility and resilience as we age. If you are already an accomplished knitter, don’t ___17___ yourself on the back just yet. The cognitive benefits of activities like knitting aren’t about the task itself — they’re about the process of learning something new. Novelty (新颖) ___18___. When you challenge the brain with unfamiliar tasks, such as learning to knit, it lights up new pathways, offering a unique neurological boost. With time and repetition, those same actions become fluent and calming, allowing the brain to shift into a restorative flow state. This challenge-to-mastery process helps maintain neural ___19___. However, you must continually ___20___ the challenges for your brain as you master old ones. The good news? The cognitive challenge doesn’t have to be big. 【答案】11. F 12. J 13. A 14. B 15. K 16. E 17. G 18. I 19. C 20. H 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了在快节奏数字时代，编织、木雕等手工爱好再度流行。它们锻炼大脑机能、舒缓压力、提升专注力，还能增强神经可塑性，助力身心长久健康。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：根据Eventbrite的数据，Z世代对“奶奶风”聚会（如编织社团和手工制作工作坊）的兴趣在近几个月有所增加，这在一定程度上是由于他们想要从数字疲劳中寻求解脱。根据““granny core” gatherings”以及句意“编织社团”可知应填复数名词circles，作宾语，故选F。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：换句话说，无论年龄大小或性别如何，从事需要动手操作且需要动脑的爱好活动——比如编织、木雕或者模型制作——可能是维护大脑健康最简单的方法之一。根据“Recent studies suggest that slow, hands-on tasks, such as knitting, may activate brain systems in ways that support long-term cognitive health in various ways, including engaging memory, attention, and motor function, while helping to regulate stress.(近期的研究表明，一些缓慢且需要动手操作的任务，比如编织，能够以某种方式激活大脑系统，从而在多方面促进长期的认知健康，包括增强记忆力、集中注意力和运动功能，同时还有助于调节压力)”以及句意“耗费脑力的”可知应填形容词demanding，作定语修饰名词hobbies。故选J。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然冥想和解谜也有益于大脑发育，但编织的独特之处在于它集成了精细的“运动协调能力”、创新的规划能力以及有节奏的双面运动——所有这些都能同时激活大脑的不同系统。根据“motor coordination, creative planning, and rhythmic two-sided movement”以及句意“精细动作协调能力”可知应填形容词fine，作定语修饰名词coordination。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：纽约艺术疗法中心的执业治疗师艾米莉·夏普表示，无论在何种程度上，这种创造力都是有益的。根据“therapist at NY Art Therapy”以及句意“执业”可知应填形容词licensed，作定语修饰名词therapist。故选B。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：但与浏览网页或摄入糖分所引起的多巴胺激增不同，编织带来的是一种更为缓慢、稳定的奖励体验。根据“unlike the dopamine rises caused by scrolling or sugar”以及句意“奖励”可知应填名词reward，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故选K。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：此外，由于诸如编织这类活动需要规划、组织以及解决问题，所以它们会同时激活执行功能、运动系统和情绪系统。根据“and problem-solving”以及句意“组织”可知应填名词ordering，故选E。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果你已经是位经验丰富的编织高手，那也别太得意了。根据“you are already an accomplished knitter”以及句意“得意”可知应填动词pat，此处为否定祈使句。故选G。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：新鲜感至关重要。根据“Novelty”以及句意“重要”可知应填动词matter，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为Novelty，谓语用三单形式。故选I。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种从挑战到掌握的过程有助于保持神经的可塑性。根据“This challenge-to-mastery process helps maintain neural”以及句意“可塑性”可知应填名词plasticity，作宾语。故选C。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，当你熟练掌握旧有技能后，就必须持续为大脑更新、创设全新挑战。根据“the challenges for your brain as you master old ones”以及句意“更新”可知应填动词reinvent，且must后跟动词原形。故选H。 （九） （2025~2026学年宝山区二模） A. tempting B. developing C. permanent D. marketed E. control F. rapidly G. required H. present I. addicted J. entirely K. decrease Is vaping really safer than smoking? What exactly is vaping, and why is it so popular among teens? Vaping is inhaling vapor (吸入雾气) through e-cigarette. It is ___11___ as an alternative smoking tobacco. There are likely several reasons why teens find vaping interesting. Vaping devices look cool, and who doesn’t like to look cool? Liquids for electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) come in hundreds of ___12___ flavors such as mango, or strawberries and cream. Teens also think more about the here and now than the future. Here and now, vaping may be cool, but down the road, it’s not. People see vaping as safe because they think that they’re just inhaling water vapor and tasty flavorings. But much more than that is going into their lungs. In fact, many different chemicals go into vape pods (烟弹). The liquid inside can contain heavy metals that cause lung damage. The chemical diacetyl (双乙酰), ___13___ in many e-liquids, causes popcorn lung, which makes breathing difficult. Signs of it can appear as little as two weeks after inhaling the chemical. The condition has no cure. The damage is ___14___. More troubling is the presence of nicotine in the vapor. Nicotine makes people feel good but is very addicting. It reaches the brain 10 seconds after being inhaled. Once ___15___, people find it difficult to quit using it. The potential for nicotine addiction is higher in teens than adults because a teenager’s brain is still ___16___. Nicotine use during the teen years can affect one’s brain to become easily addicted to other drugs. One vape pod can contain more nicotine than 20 cigarettes. Nicotine affects the length of time teens can pay attention, their ability to learn and their emotion ___17___. People addicted to nicotine are often anxious without the drug. Over time more and more is ___18___ to make them feel good. But it’s never too late to quit. Ask friends and family to help. Don’t just plan to ___19___ the number of times you vape each day. Now is the time to drop your e-cigarette ____20____. If you get anxious, breathe deeply and focus on enjoying the air. Cutting vaping out of your life will make your body happier and healthier. 【答案】11. D 12. A 13. H 14. C 15. I 16. B 17. E 18. G 19. K 20. J 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍电子烟的流行原因，驳斥其安全的误区，指出其含重金属、有害化学物质与尼古丁，会损伤肺部、成瘾并危害青少年大脑，呼吁及时戒除。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：它被宣传为一种替代香烟的烟草产品。根据“as an alternative smoking tobacco”以及句意“宣传”可知应填动词market，与主语构成被动关系，结合上文is可知为一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：电子烟所用的液体有数百种诱人的口味，比如芒果味、草莓奶油味等等。根据“such as mango, or strawberries and cream”以及句意“诱人的”可知应填形容词tempting，修饰名词flavors。故选A。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：许多电子烟液中都含有化学物质二乙酰，它会导致“爆米花肺”病症，从而使人呼吸困难。根据“in many e-liquids, causes popcorn lung, which makes breathing difficult”以及句意“含有”可知应填形容词present，作定语。故选H。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这种损害是永久性的。根据“The condition has no cure.”以及句意“永久性的”可知应填形容词permanent，作表语。故选C。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一旦上瘾，人们就会发现很难停止使用它。根据“people find it difficult to quit using it”以及句意“上瘾”可知应填形容词addicted，作状语。故选I。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：青少年对尼古丁上瘾的可能性比成年人更高，这是因为青少年的大脑仍在发育之中。根据“The potential for nicotine addiction is higher in teens than adults because a teenager's brain is still”以及句意“发育”可知应填动词develop，结合is可知为现在进行时。故选B。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：尼古丁会影响青少年集中注意力的时间、学习能力以及情绪控制能力。根据“Nicotine affects the length of time teens can pay attention, their ability to learn and their emotion”以及句意“控制”可知应填名词control，作宾语，故选E。 【18题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：随着时间的推移，要让他们感到满意，所需的尼古丁越来越多。根据“Over time more and more”以及句意“需要”可知应填动词require，和主语more and more（指尼古丁）为被动关系，空处用过去分词required构成一般现在时的被动语态，故选G。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：不要仅仅打算减少每天吸电子烟的次数。根据“the number of times you vape each day”以及句意“减少”可知应填动词decrease，此处为不定式作宾语。故选K。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：现在是彻底戒掉电子烟的时候了。根据“Now is the time to drop your e-cigarette”以及句意“彻底”可知应填副词entirely，修饰动词drop。故选J。 （十） （2025~2026学年普陀区二模） A. access B. address C. competence D. considerable E. exposure F. hazardous G. idealized H. normalize I. safeguard J. prioritize K. vital Social media: A double-edged Sword for Adolescents Social media is offering significant opportunities alongside critical challenges. On the positive side, social platforms provide spaces for self-expression and meaningful connections. Adolescents can ____11____ mental health resources online, engage in supportive communities, and share personal stories. These interactions ____12____ conversations around mental health, reduce unfair labels, and encourage help-seeking behaviors. However, these advantages are counterbalanced by ____13____ risks. Cyberbullying, social comparison, and the fear of missing out are widespread issues on most platforms. They often lead to heightened anxiety, depression, and weakened self-esteem among teenagers. The ____14____ lifestyle images shown online frequently make adolescents feel excluded from their social circles. Too much screen time and ____15____ to harmful content further worsen the situation, damaging their sleep quality, academic performance, and face-to-face social interactions. Adolescents with existing mental health conditions face even greater risks due to online discrimination and a lack of proper guidance. To ____16____ these problems, a collective effort from policymakers, educators, parents and platform designers is greatly needed. Policymakers should establish clear regulations to ____17____ adolescents online, including stricter age checks and limits on harmful content. International cooperation is also necessary to create unified rules for global social platforms. Educational institutions play a(n) ____18____ role in helping adolescents use social media responsibly. Schools can empower students to critically evaluate online content and manage screen time by integrating digital ____19____ and mental health education into school curricula. Schools can also set up peer support groups and offer counselling services to deal with related challenges early. Parents should stay actively involved in their children’s digital lives by setting clear boundaries and communicating openly. Most importantly, social media platforms must _____20_____ user well-being in their designs. They can provide mental health support tools, content reminders and balanced usage guidance to protect young users. With joint efforts from all sides, society can make social media a positive force for the healthy mental development of adolescents. 【答案】11. A 12. H 13. D 14. G 15. E 16. B 17. I 18. K 19. C 20. J 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章讨论了社交媒体的利与弊，说明它是青少年的双刃剑。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：青少年可以在网上获得心理健康资源，加入互助社群，并分享个人故事。结合“在线资源、获取使用”的语境，此处表示“获取、使用”，应选access，情态动词can后接动词原形，故选A。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些互动使围绕心理健康的对话常态化，减少偏见，并鼓励求助行为。结合“减少标签、鼓励求助”的语境，此处表示“使常态化、正常化”，应选normalize，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式，故选H。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，这些优势被相当大的风险所抵消。结合“网络欺凌、社交攀比等普遍问题”的语境，此处表示“相当大的、大量的”，应选considerable，修饰名词risks，故选D。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：网上展示的理想化生活图片常常让青少年觉得自己被社交圈排斥。结合“线上生活画面、让人感到被排挤”的语境，此处表示“理想化的”，应选idealized，修饰名词lifestyle images，故选G。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：过多的屏幕时间以及接触有害内容进一步恶化了这种状况。结合“有害内容、负面影响”的语境，此处表示“接触、暴露”，应选exposure，与screen time并列作主语，故选E。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：为解决这些问题，亟需政策制定者、教育工作者、家长和平台设计者共同努力。结合“问题、共同努力应对”的语境，此处表示“处理、解决”，应选address，不定式to后接动词原形，故选B。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：政策制定者应制定明确法规来保护青少年上网安全。结合“严格年龄审核、限制有害内容”的语境，此处表示“保护、捍卫”，应选safeguard，不定式to后接动词原形，故选I。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：教育机构在帮助青少年负责任地使用社交媒体方面发挥至关重要的作用。结合“学校教育、培养能力”的语境，此处表示“至关重要的、关键的”，应选vital，修饰名词role，故选K。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：学校可通过将数字素养与心理健康教育融入课程，培养学生批判性评估网络内容、管理屏幕时间的能力。结合“数字能力、课程内容”的语境，此处表示“能力、素养”，应选competence，故选C。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：最重要的是，社交媒体平台必须在设计中优先考虑用户福祉。结合“提供健康工具、使用指导”的语境，此处表示“优先处理、把…… 放在首位”，应选prioritize，情态动词must后接动词原形，故选J。 （十一） （2025~2026学年杨浦区二模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. purchased B. vision C. indicating D. considerably E. covering F. ripen G. confusion H. concept I. rots J. subsequently K. severe New Label Helps Consumers Better Determine Food Quality Determining whether food has spoiled can be a tricky task. The ___11___ over “use by” and “best before” labels often results in safe and consumable food being thrown out. This issue contributes significantly to the global food crisis, as roughly one-third of the food produced for the world is being wasted and millions of people in dozens of countries are facing ___12___ hunger each year. However, a groundbreaking invention called Mimica Touch aims to help tackle this crisis by providing a more accurate method of evaluating the safety of food ___13___. Consisting of a label that transforms in texture (质地) when food spoils, Mimica Touch features a plastic sheet with raised lines inside a ___14___ that signal spoilt food. The plastic bumps (凸块) are covered with a thin layer of natural substance that ___15___ at the same rate as the food. When the substance turns from a solid state to a liquid state, the label transforms from firm and smooth to soft and bumpy, ___16___ that the food has gone bad. Solveiga Pakštaité came up with the ___17___ for Mimica Touch while she was a student at Brunel University in London. The goal of the original project was to help people with ___18___ problems check the use-by date on packaged food. Pakštaité said she was inspired by banana skins, which change texture as they ___19___. Although Mimica Touch began as a university project, the invention has the potential to ____20____ reduce the huge quantity of food that goes to waste every year. Moreover, it could help consumers enjoy the food they purchase more safely and for longer periods. 【答案】11. G 12. K 13. A 14. E 15. I 16. C 17. H 18. B 19. F 20. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项名为“米米卡触摸”的开创性发明，旨在通过提供一种更准确的评估所购买食物是否变质的方法来帮助减少食物浪费。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：关于“使用截止日期”和“最佳食用期限”标签的混淆常常导致原本安全且可食用的食物被丢弃。该空需要一个名词作主语，根据后面定语部分over “use by” and “best before” labels 可知，这两种标签引发困惑。名词confusion“困惑”符合题意。 故选G项。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这一问题对全球粮食危机产生了严重影响，因为全球生产的约三分之一的粮食都被浪费掉了，而且每年有数十个国家有数百万人面临严重的饥饿问题。该空需要一个形容词作定语修饰名词hunger，形容词severe“严重的”符合语境。故选K项。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，一项名为“米米卡触摸”的开创性发明旨在通过提供一种更准确的评估所购买食物安全性的方法来帮助解决这一危机。该空为名词food的后置定语，purchase的过去分词purchased“购买”符合语境。故选A项。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：米米卡触摸产品由一个标签组成，该标签在食物变质时会改变质地，其特色在于一个覆盖层内部带有凸起线条的塑料片，通过这些线条可以指示出变质的食物。该空需要一个名词作宾语，这个凸起条部分应该是被遮盖物覆盖。名词covering“覆盖物”符合语境。故选E项。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：塑料上的凸起部分覆盖着一层与食物腐烂速度相同的天然物质。该空需要一个动词在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，that指代单数名词substance，谓语动词应该是单三形式，凸起条上的物质和食物同速度腐烂才可以证明食物安全。动词rots“腐烂”符合题意。故选I项。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当这种物质从固态转变为液态时，标签就会从坚硬光滑变为柔软且凸凹不平，表明食物已经变质。后面有一个宾语从句，该空需要一个动词，是句子的状语部分，凸起条上的物质质地改变，这表明内部的食物也变质。动词indicate“表明”符合句意，应使用现在分词形式。故选C项。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：米米卡触摸的概念是由苏莱加·帕克斯塔伊特在伦敦布鲁内尔大学读书时提出的。该空需要一个名词作宾语，Mimica Touch是一个概念，名词concept“概念”符合题意。故选H项。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：该项目的初衷是帮助视力有问题的人查看包装食品的保质期。该空是名词problem的定语，一般食品包装上的截止日期是文字形式，有视力问题的人无法看到，因此米米卡触摸方法最初是为了有视力障碍的人研发的。vision“视力，视觉”符合语境。故选B项。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：帕克萨泰特表示，她受到香蕉皮成熟时质地改变这一现象的启发。该空需要一个动词在as引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，主语they指代复数名词banana skins，香蕉皮成熟时质地会改变。动词ripen“成熟”符合题意。故选F项。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：虽然米米卡触摸技术最初是大学项目，但这项发明有可能大幅减少每年大量被浪费的食物数量。该空需要一个副词修饰动词reduce，副词considerably“明显地，大幅度地”符合语境。故选D项。 （十二） （2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adoption B. broad C. economy D. gender-neutral E. organized F. purely G. respect H. rewarded I. similarly J. spare K. uncomfortable Learn Chinese in One Word In recent years, people have talked a lot about the word “they” in English. Many believe this is helpful because it includes both males and females. Yet, English is not the only language that has been experimenting with a(n) ____11____ expression. French speakers often use “iel,” a combination of “il” (he) and “elle” (she). In Chinese, there is also an interesting idea. In 2015, some internet users suggested a new written form: X也. By combining the letter “X” with parts of the Chinese characters used for “he” and “she”, this symbol still reads as “ta” used for both men and women in spoken Chinese. In this ____12____, the new symbol does not change how people speak. Instead, it formalizes something that already exists in the language. After the character was added to Unicode, the international system for digital text, it became easier to type. This helped the wider ____13____ of the symbol online. However, the situation in English is different. In English, some people still feel ____14____ with “they”. Many speakers insist that “they” should only refer to more than one person instead of singular words like “someone”. Chinese is different. Since the spoken language already uses one sound for both genders, the new symbol is a(n) ____15____ visual change. This small change in writing also highlights something curious about the Chinese language on a(n) ____16____ scale. The language relies heavily on context to express meaning. It has no word exactly like the English article “the,” and time is often understood from the situation rather than from verb endings. Therefore, Chinese can express ideas with surprising ____17____, using only a few words. For example, a long sentence such as “The relationships among the Seven Warring States were constantly changing” can be presented as “Relationship between Warring States is constant change.” English, despite its reputation for accuracy, ____18____ leaves much to context. Verbs in English have only three endings: “-s”, “-ing” and “-ed”. Compared with languages like Russian, where verbs have more than 60 endings, English grammar looks quite ____19____. Learning a new language therefore goes beyond learning new vocabulary. It also means understanding how meaning is _____20_____ in different languages. 【答案】11. D 12. G 13. A 14. K 15. F 16. B 17. C 18. I 19. J 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中英两种语言在性别中性表达上的不同演变方式，并对比了汉语与英语在语境依赖、语法简洁度上的语言特点。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，英语并不是唯一一种一直在尝试性别中性表达的语言。空处需填形容词作作定语，上文提到 “they”可同时指代男性和女性，具有包容性，因此此处指性别中性的表达，gender-neutral表示“性别中性的”，符合句意。故填D。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：在这方面，这个新符号并没有改变人们的说话方式。空处需填名词作宾语，根据前文“this symbol still reads as “ta” used for both men and women in spoken Chinese”可知，这个符号读音仍为“ta”，在汉语口语中可同时指代男性和女性，说明在这方面，这个新符号并没有改变人们的说话方式。固定搭配in this respect表示“在这方面，从这一点来看”。故填G。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：这有助于该符号在网络上更广泛地被采用。空处需填名词作宾语，根据后文“ the symbol online”及前文提到该字形被加入国际数字编码，更易输入，因此促进了它的普及和使用。adoption表示“采用，采纳”。故填A。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在英语中，有些人仍然对使用单数“they”感到不舒服。空处需填形容词作表语，根据后文“Many speakers insist that “they” should only refer to more than one person instead of singular words like “someone””提到很多人认为“they”只能指复数，说明他们对此用法感到不适、别扭，uncomfortable表示“不舒服的”。故填K。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：由于汉语口语中两种性别本就同音，这个新符号只是纯粹的视觉变化。空处需填副词修饰形容词visual，强调变化仅仅、纯粹停留在书写层面，purely表示“纯粹地”，符合句意。故填F。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这一书写上的微小变化，也在更广泛的层面凸显了汉语的奇妙特点。空处需填形容词修饰名词scale，短语on a broad scale为固定搭配，表示“广泛地，大规模地”。故填B。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：因此，汉语能用极少的词语，以惊人的简洁性表达思想。空处需填名词，根据后文“using only a few words”可知，汉语表达简洁高效，economy在此表示 “简洁、简练、节约措辞”。故填C。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：尽管英语以精准著称，它同样在很大程度上依赖语境。空处需填副词修饰动词leaves，将英语与汉语对比，表示“同样地”也依靠上下文理解意思，similarly “同样地”符合题意。故填I。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：相比俄语动词有六十多种词形变化，英语语法看起来十分简洁。空处需填形容词作表语，与俄语动词的复杂变化对比，英语语法更简单、简洁，spare在此表示 “简朴的”。故填 J。 【20题详解】 考查动词被动语态。句意：这也意味着要理解不同语言中意义是如何被组织表达的。空处需填过去分词，与be动词构成被动语态，此处表示意义在语言中被“梳理、组织、构建”，用过去分词organized。故填E。 （十三） （2025~2026学年黄浦区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. addicted B. appreciative C. averaging D. benefits E. blinding F. briefly G. downsides H. enforced I. initially J. seeking K. urgent I Killed Color on My Phone A few months ago, I began to be worried that I was devoting too many hours to online videos. So, when I read an article about the ____11____ of switching one’s phone to a black-and-white color mode, I figured I’d give it a try. The result was shocking. The moment I switched, I no longer felt a(n) ____12____ need to look at my phone. The number of hours I spent per day on the phone dropped 40 percent, to four hours and 40 minutes per day — still embarrassingly high, but not the dizzying eight-plus hours I was ____13____. There are some small ____14____ to my black-and-white online life. Because the answer and decline buttons on my phone are both gray, I’ll sometimes hang up on a call I want to answer. Fortunately, these days, nobody minds if you just call them back. Besides, games weren’t as fun, so I started playing them on my pad and discovered that I liked the separation between work and play that it ____15____: phone for boring stuff; pad for fun. And I’ve found that whenever I return to color, even ____16____, I am desperate to turn it off again as quickly as possible. With my eyes no longer used to the brightness, I now find the phone’s colors to be too vivid, too ____17____. Two and a half months into this journey, my phone usage remains about four hours per day. And I’m pretty sure I’ll never go back to color on my phone. I feel like turning off color on my phone made me more aware and more ____18____ of the color and beauty in real life. Now that I am no longer turning to my phone for fun, I find myself ____19____ it out in other ways — reading more books, watching more movies, planning more gatherings with friends, hanging out with my kids. And those are things I do want to be ____20____ to. 【答案】11. D 12. K 13. C 14. G 15. H 16. F 17. E 18. B 19. J 20. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为克制过度刷手机，将手机调为黑白模式，最终从中获益，并发现了现实生活的美好的故事。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：所以，当我读到一篇关于将手机切换至黑白模式会带来诸多好处的文章时，我就决定试一试。根据下文“I figured I’d give it a try.(我就决定试一试)”可知，此处是指作者读到了这种模式的“好处”，所以才决定试一试。benefits表示“好处”符合句意。故选D项。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当我切换到新的模式后，我就不再有迫切想要查看手机的需求了。根据下文“I spent per day on the phone dropped 40 percent, to four hours and 40 minutes per day(我每天花在手机上的时间减少了40%，降至每天4小时40分钟)”可知，作者减少了看手机的时间，说明对看手机已经没有“迫切的”需求了。urgent表示“迫切的”符合句意。故选K项。 【13题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：我每天花在手机上的时间减少了40%，降到了每天4小时40分钟——虽然这个时间还是相当多的，但已经不再是之前我平均每天用的令人头晕的8个多小时了。根据“not the dizzying eight-plus hours(不再是令人头晕的8个多小时)”可知，此处是指之前“平均”每天8小时用手机的时间。用现在分词averaging与was搭配构成过去进行时描述故去某段时间内持续发生的动作，表示“我（当时）平均每天使用8小时”。故选C项。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：我的这种黑白分明的网络生活也有一些小小的不足之处。根据下文“Because the answer and decline buttons on my phone are both gray, I’ll sometimes hang up on a call I want to answer.(因为我的手机上接听和拒接的按钮都是灰色的，所以我有时会误挂掉本想接听的电话。)”可知，下文列举的是一些不方便的地方，所以此处用downsides表示“缺点”或“不利之处”的词。故选G项。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：此外，游戏也不再那么有趣了，于是我开始在平板电脑上玩这些游戏，并发现它所营造的工作与娱乐的界限分明的氛围让我很喜欢：手机用于处理繁琐事务；平板电脑则用于娱乐活动。根据下文“phone for boring stuff; pad for fun(手机用于处理繁琐事务；平板电脑则用于娱乐活动)”可知，这种模式“强制”或“规定”了手机和平板的不同用途。enforced是动词的过去式，意为“强制”符合句意。故选H项。 【16题详解】 考查副词。句意：我发现，每当我恢复色彩，即使是短暂的，我都迫切希望尽快再次关闭它。根据下文“I am desperate to turn it off again as quickly as possible.(我迫切希望尽快把它关掉)”可知，此处是指哪怕“短暂地”调回彩色。副词briefly表示“短暂地”符合句意。故选F项。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：由于我的眼睛不再适应强光环境了，现在我觉得手机上的色彩太过鲜艳、太过刺眼了。根据上文“With my eyes no longer used to the brightness(我的眼睛不再适应强光环境)”可知，此处是指颜色太“刺眼”。blinding表示“刺眼的”符合句意。故选E项。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我觉得关闭手机上的色彩功能让我更加敏锐地察觉到现实生活中的色彩之美，并且也更加欣赏这种美了。根据下文“the color and beauty in real life(现实生活中的色彩之美)”可知，此处是指更“欣赏”这种美。appreciative表示“欣赏的”符合句意。故选B项。 【19题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：如今我不再通过手机来消遣娱乐了，于是便开始以其他方式来寻求娱乐——读更多的书、看更多的电影、与朋友策划更多的聚会、与孩子一起玩耍。根据下文“reading more books, watching more movies, planning more gatherings with friends, hanging out with my kids.(读更多的书、看更多的电影、与朋友策划更多的聚会、与孩子一起玩耍)”可知，此处是指以其他方式“寻求”娱乐。seeking是现在分词做宾补表示“寻求”。故选J项。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：而那些正是我真正渴望沉迷其中的事物。根据上文第9题的分析可知，这些都是作者“上瘾”的事情，be addicted to是固定搭配，意为“对……上瘾”。故选A项。 （十四） （2025~2026学年虹口区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. climatic B. damaging C. exposed D. fresh E. fueling F. inclusively G. lines H. overdependence I. overthrown J. previously K. separated The Fall of the Roman Empire The Western Roman Empire is known as one of the longest lasting empires. Historians believe that the empire collapsed in 476 A.D., when its last ruler, Romulus Augustulus, was ____11____. The question of why the Western Roman Empire ended has fascinated historians for generations, ____12____ a debate that is nowhere near reaching an agreement. In 1984, German historian Alexander Demandt drew up a list of more than two hundred factors that have been cited to explain Rome’s fall — a fall ____13____ blamed on internal corruption (腐败). Other scholars have pointed to more specific reasons. Some have focused on the evolution of the Roman economy, which struggled to expand by the third century A.D. because of ____14____ on enslaved (受奴役的) people for labor. Ongoing military conflicts and civil wars that broke out from the third century on played a part too, weakening central authority and causing the empire to break apart, leaving it more ____15____ to external threats. In recent years, however, a (n) ____16____ theory has emerged, highlighting the impact of climatic changes and disease outbreaks. In a work published in 2017, classics professor Kyle Harper argues that the rise and fall of Rome was shaped not only by emperors, generals, soldiers and slaves, but also by viruses, volcanoes and solar cycles. It is a story in which humanity and the environment cannot be ____17____. Harper and other scholars have drawn on climate and widespread-disease data, which have opened up new ____18____ of research into the study of the past. The data suggest that the ____19____ conditions of the empire in the first century B.C. favored agricultural, economic, and population growth. But they became more variable with a trend toward cooling and drought, which impacted agricultural productivity. This crisis was compounded by another ____20____ natural phenomenon: epidemics (时疫). From the latter half of the second century on, epidemics emerged that affected the whole Roman Empire with unmatched intensity. 【答案】11. I 12. E 13. J 14. H 15. C 16. D 17. K 18. G 19. A 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了西罗马帝国灭亡的原因，包括内部腐败、经济问题、军事冲突、气候变化和疾病爆发等。 【11题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：历史学家认为，公元476年，西罗马帝国最后一任统治者罗慕路斯·奥古斯都路斯被推翻，帝国随之崩溃。根据“The question of why the Western Roman Empire ended”可知，此处指西罗马帝国最后一任统治者被推翻，I选项“overthrown”为overthrow“推翻”的过去分词，与was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填I。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：西罗马帝国为何终结的问题一直吸引着历史学家，引发了一场远未达成共识的辩论。根据“a debate that is nowhere near reaching an agreement”可知，此处指引发了一场远未达成共识的辩论，E选项“fueling”为fuel“引发，加剧”的现在分词，作状语。故填E。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：1984年，德国历史学家亚历山大·德曼特列出了一份清单，列举了200多个被用来解释罗马衰落的因素——人们以前认为罗马的衰落是内部腐败造成的。根据“blamed on internal corruption”可知，此处指人们以前认为罗马的衰落是内部腐败造成的，用J选项“previously”，意为“以前”，作状语。故填J。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：一些学者关注罗马经济的演变，由于过度依赖奴隶劳动，到公元3世纪，罗马经济难以扩张。根据“on enslaved (受奴役的) people for labor”可知，此处指过度依赖奴隶劳动，H选项“overdependence”意为“过度依赖”，作宾语。故填H。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：从3世纪开始爆发的持续军事冲突和内战也起到了一定作用，削弱了中央权威，导致帝国分裂，使其更容易受到外部威胁。根据“to external threats”可知，此处指使其更容易受到外部威胁，用C选项“exposed”，意为“易受攻击的，无保护的”，作宾补。故填C。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，近年来，一种新的理论出现了，强调气候变化和疾病爆发的影响。根据“highlighting the impact of climatic changes and disease outbreaks”可知，前文介绍传统观点，此处表示新兴理论，用D选项“fresh”，意为“新的”，作定语。故填D。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：在这个故事中，人类和环境是不可分割的。根据“humanity and the environment cannot be”可知，此处指人类和环境是不可分割的，K选项“separated”为separate“分离”的过去分词，与humanity and the environment为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与cannot be构成含情态动词的被动语态。故填K。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：哈珀和其他学者利用气候和广泛传播的疾病数据，为过去的研究开辟了新的研究途径。根据“of research into the study of the past”可知，哈珀和其他学者为过去的研究开辟了新的方向。lines of research为固定搭配，意为“研究方向”。故填G。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：数据显示，帝国在公元前一世纪的气候条件有利于农业、经济和人口增长。根据“conditions of the empire in the first century B.C. favored agricultural, economic, and population growth”可知，此处指帝国在公元前一世纪的气候条件，用A选项“climatic”，意为“气候的”，作定语。故填A。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这场危机因另一种破坏性的自然现象而加剧：流行病。根据“natural phenomenon: epidemics (时疫)”可知，此处指流行病是破坏性的，用B选项“damaging”，意为“破坏性的”，作定语。故填B。 （十五） （2025~2026学年徐汇区二模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. enhancing B.decorated C.demands D.endured E.engaging F. discovery G.community H.characters I.accessible J.bridging K. abundance The Lantern Festival, which falls on the 15th day of the first month of the traditional Chinese calendar, is a lively celebration marked by radiant lantern displays, captivating cultural performances, and a(an) (11) _______ of festive foods. Among its most cherished traditions is the practice of solving lantern riddles—known as caidengmi—a uniquely (12) _______pursuit that has delighted participants for centuries. At the heart of the festival, lantern riddles beautifully intertwine artistic expression with intellectual play. During the celebrations, riddles are handwritten on slips of paper and affixed to lanterns of all shapes and sizes. These lanterns, often elaborately (13)_______with scenes of mythical creatures, legendary figures, and historic tales, form a breathtaking backdrop for the spirited exchange of wit. As festivalgoers gather to crack each riddle, streets and courtyards become vibrant arenas of friendly competition and shared mental (14) _______. Beyond their entertainment value, lantern riddles reflect a deep cultural reverence (敬畏) for knowledge and ingenuity. Solving them (15) _______not only creativity and linguistic dexterity but also a nuanced understanding of Chinese (16) _______and idiomatic expressions—making the challenge both (17) _______and deeply rewarding across generations. Historically, the tradition also served as a powerful tool for (18) _______building, drawing people together to converse, exchange ideas, and celebrate in ways both meaningful and memorable. Over the centuries, it has (19) _______as a beloved feature of the festival, continuing to captivate with its seamless blend of cultural depth and intellectual delight. Today, lantern riddles remain a cherished highlight of the Lantern Festival, gracefully (20) ______the old and the new. In doing so, they offer a timeless reminder of the power of knowledge and the simple, profound joy of gathering in celebration of culture and community. 答案 11. K 12. E 13. B 14. F 15. C 16. H 17. I 18. G 19. D 20. J 解析 【导语】本文为说明文，介绍元宵节灯谜传统，从节日氛围、文化内涵、社会价值到当代意义，展现灯谜连接古今、兼具趣味与底蕴的特点。 【11 题】考查名词。句意：元宵节以璀璨花灯、精彩表演和丰盛美食为特色。短语 an abundance of（大量、丰盛），选 K（abundance）。 【12 题】考查形容词。句意：猜灯谜是延续数百年、有趣的传统活动。修饰名词 pursuit，结合 delighted，选 E（engaging，有趣的）。 【13 题】考查非谓语动词。句意：花灯常装饰神话图案，构成美丽背景。短语 be decorated with（装饰），过去分词作后置定语，选 B（decorated）。 【14 题】考查动词。句意：解谜需要创造力与语言技巧。主语为动名词，谓语用第三人称单数，选 F（demands，需要）。 【15 题】考查名词。句意：解谜考验创造力、技巧和对汉字字符的理解。与 idiomatic expressions（习语）并列，选 C（characters，字符）。 【16 题】考查形容词。句意：这项挑战兼具易懂性与价值。与 rewarding 并列，选 H（accessible，易懂的）。 【17 题】考查名词。句意：传统也是社群建设工具。短语 community building（社群建设），选 I（community）。 【18 题】考查动词。句意：数百年来，传统延续至今。现在完成时，选 G（endured，延续）。 【19 题】考查非谓语动词。句意：灯谜优雅连接古今。现在分词作伴随状语，选 D（bridging，连接）。 【20 题】考查名词。句意：谜题是需求，需结合文化智慧。选 J（demands，需求）。 （十六） （2025~2026学年青浦区二模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. plainly B. equivalent C. dismissed D. clue E. integrated F. imprecisely G. boost H. reassessment I. running J. reserve K. reprogramming The Surprising Truth about Body Fat If you melted down the average UK adult, you would find around 22 kilograms of creamy yellow fat. It’s    11    to around 88 pieces of butter and enough to fill two-thirds of a small suitcase or cast into 446 dinner candles. What a disturbing thought! People have long    12    body fat as nothing more than extra weight, something to get rid of. Yet this unwanted fat is undergoing a thorough    13   . Far from an inactive burden, it is a dynamic organ with its own memory and is capable of influencing everything from appetite to immunity (免疫). Due to limited research resources, early studies could only    14    describe fat as a single store for extra calories, failing to recognize its role as a smart regulator of our body. Fat, it turns out, isn’t a single thing. Containing a mix of protective cells, nerves and blood vessels (血管), it has developed into something    15    into the overall control of blood sugar, body temperature and other bodily functions. The first    16    that we were underestimating our body fat came in the 1990s with the discovery of leptin, a hormone released by fat cells which acts on the brain to control appetite and    17    energy consumption. On the contrary, when people quickly lose fat, leptin levels drop, which the brain interprets as a sign that energy stores might be    18    low. It responds by strengthening hunger signals and reducing energy loss to help people regain that lost fat. The discovery of leptin revealed a hidden network between fat and the rest of the body. Since then, we have discovered that fat cells release many more hormones and other signaling chemicals, gradually proving our old opinions are    19    wrong. Some scientists are even dedicated to    20    it instead — not just to tackle weight problems, but to improve our broader health. 【答案】11-20 BCHFE DGIAK 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章打破了人们对体脂的传统认知，介绍了体脂并非多余的负担，而是一个动态的器官，能够影响食欲、免疫力等多个方面，同时讲述了瘦素的发现如何改变人们对体脂的看法，以及科学家对体脂研究的新方向。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：这相当于大约88块黄油，足以填满三分之二个小行李箱，或者铸成446支晚餐蜡烛。结合前文“around 22 kilograms of creamy yellow fat”和后文“88 pieces of butter”，此处表示“等价于、相当于”，名词equivalent（对应选项B）符合语境，固定搭配be equivalent to表示“与……等价”。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：人们长期以来一直认为体脂只不过是多余的重量，是需要摆脱的东西。结合后文“nothing more than extra weight, something to get rid of”，可知人们对体脂持否定态度，动词dismissed（对应选项C），表示“摒弃、认为……无价值”，符合语境，且此处为现在完成时，用过去分词形式。故选C。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，这种不受欢迎的脂肪正在经历彻底的重新评估。结合前文人们对体脂的传统认知，以及后文“Far from an inactive burden, it is a dynamic organ”，可知人们对体脂的看法发生了改变，正在重新评估它，名词reassessment（对应选项H），表示“重新评估”，符合语境。故选H。 【14题详解】 考查副词。句意：由于研究资源有限，早期研究只能不精确地将脂肪描述为储存多余卡路里的单一器官，未能认识到它作为人体智能调节器的作用。结合“limited research resources”和“failing to recognize its role”，可知早期研究对脂肪的描述不够准确，副词imprecisely（对应选项F），表示“不精确地、不准确地”，修饰动词describe，符合语境。故选F。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它包含多种保护细胞、神经和血管，已经发展成为一个融入血糖、体温和其他身体功能整体控制的部分。结合后文“the overall control of blood sugar, body temperature and other bodily functions”，可知体脂与人体各项功能的控制融为一体，形容词integrated（对应选项E），表示“融入的、整合的”，作后置定语修饰something，符合语境。故选E。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：20世纪90年代，瘦素的发现为我们低估体脂提供了第一个线索，瘦素是脂肪细胞释放的一种激素，作用于大脑以控制食欲和促进能量消耗。结合“the discovery of leptin”和“we were underestimating our body fat”，可知瘦素的发现是一个“线索”，让人们意识到之前对体脂的低估，名词clue（对应选项D），表示“线索”，符合语境。故选D。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：20世纪90年代，瘦素的发现为我们低估体脂提供了第一个线索，瘦素是脂肪细胞释放的一种激素，作用于大脑以控制食欲和促进能量消耗。结合“control appetite”和“energy consumption”，可知瘦素的作用是控制食欲、促进能量消耗，动词boost（对应选项G），表示“促进、增加”，与control并列，用原形。故选G。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：相反，当人们快速减脂时，瘦素水平会下降，大脑会将其解读为能量储备可能即将耗尽的信号。结合“leptin levels drop”和“strengthening hunger signals and reducing energy loss”，可知大脑认为能量储备快要不足，动词running（对应选项I），此处为现在进行时表将来，running low表示“即将耗尽、不足”，符合语境。故选I。 【19题详解】 考查副词。句意：从那以后，我们发现脂肪细胞会释放更多的激素和其他信号化学物质，这逐渐证明我们以前的观点显然是错误的。结合前文对体脂的新发现，可知以前的观点明显错误，副词plainly（对应选项A），表示“显然、明显地”，修饰形容词wrong，符合语境。故选A。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：一些科学家甚至致力于重新编程它——不仅仅是为了解决体重问题，更是为了改善我们更广泛的健康状况。结合前文“our old opinions are plainly wrong”和“improve our broader health”，可知科学家们想要改变体脂的作用，动词reprogramming（对应选项K），表示“重新编程、重新设定”，be dedicated to doing sth. 表示“致力于做某事”，故用动名词形式。故选K。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 选词填空 编者按：2026年上海十六区高三二模收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2025~2026学年闵行区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. access B. exhibits C. chapter D. share E. randomly F. encounters G. delivered H. transformed I. thorough J. primitively K. novel This London Museum Lets You Order Objects Visitors to museums usually see only a small part of their large collections. But the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in London is trying something new. Last month, the museum introduced a(n) (11)______ space where visitors can enjoy more of its historically and culturally significant pieces that showcase 5,000 years of human creativity. The museum has (12)______ a warehouse into a climate-controlled exhibition and research venue called the V&A East Storehouse. There, guests can get an up-close look at over 250,000 objects and 350,000 library books - without any ropes, protective glass or guards separating them from the (13)______. Located on the site of the 2012 Summer Olympics, the building is a love letter to objects. The items are arranged (14)______ on rows of metal shelves, without regard for their geographical origins, time period or medium. By seeing the back of an object, looking inside a dress, or examining the bottom of a pot, visitors can make insightful observations, gaining a(n) (15)______ understanding of material culture. Such close and direct (16)______ can reveal details that are often hidden behind glass cases, turning observation into discovery. By giving the public nearly unrestricted (17)______ to the objects, the manager of the museum hoped that the space would allow visitors to form a closer bond with the collection. More broadly, the storehouse marks a new (18)______ in the way museums engage with their their collections. An estimated 97 percent of museum artifacts (手工艺品) remain in storage at anygiven time, and the (19)______ of works on display may decline further as museums keep adding new items - unless they build more exhibition space.If visitors would like to get a closer look at an artifact or even touch it, they can request it be (20)______ to a special room. Conservationists will meet them there, hand them a pair of purple gloves and teach them to handle it properly. （二） （2025~2026学年金山区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. （注：选项不考虑大小写） A. boosts B. challenging C. efficiently D. gains E. individually F. interacts G. internal H. matters I. memorized J. targets K. various AI That Talks to Itself Learns Faster and Smarter Talking to yourself may feel uniquely human, but it turns out this habit can also help machines learn. (11) ______ dialogue helps people organize ideas, weigh choices, and make sense of emotions. New research shows that a similar process can improve how AI learns and adapts. The researchers found that AI systems perform better across many tasks when they are trained to use inner speech alongside short-term memory. The findings suggest that learning is shaped not only by the structure of an AI system, but also by how it (12) ______ with itself during training. How Self Talk Improves AI Performance To test this idea, the researchers combined self-directed internal speech with a specialized working memory system. This approach allowed their AI models to learn more (13) ______ adjust to unfamiliar situations, and handle multiple tasks at once. The results showed clear improvements in flexibility and overall performance compared with systems that relied on memory alone. Building AI That Can Generalize A central goal of the team's work is content-agnostic (与内容无关的) information processing. This refers to the ability to apply learned skills beyond the exact situations encountered during training, using general rules rather than (14) ______ examples. Why Working Memory (15) ______ The researchers began by examining memory design in AI models, focusing on working memory and its role in generalization. By testing tasks with different levels of difficulty, the team compared (16) ______ memory structures. They found that models with multiple working memory slots (内存插槽) performed better on (17) ______ problems, such as reversing sequences (顺序) or recreating patterns. These tasks require holding several pieces of information at once and processing them in the correct order. When the team added (18) ______ that encouraged the system to talk to itself a specific number of times, performance improved even further. The biggest (19) ______ appeared during multitasking and in tasks that required many steps. The combined system is particularly exciting because it (20) ______ learning efficiency while using far less training data. It could pave the way for more flexible, human-like AI systems. （三） （2025~2026学年松江区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. Accomplish B. barely C. contrast D. decent E. demands F. harmony G. multiple H. otherwise I. rewards J. sources K. timely Why Are Photos Taken During Blue Hour? As a professional photographer, I've taken many of my favorite pictures at blue hour--the time of day before sunrise or after sunset when the atmosphere has a deep, dark blue color. Blue hour is not really an hour--its exact length depends on your location, time of year, and weather conditions. The important thing is that the sun is a(n) 11 ______ way beneath the horizon so the sky has neither too many nor too few sunrise or sunset colors--mainly just blue. There are reasons why blue hour is so precious. First, not as many people take photos at blue hour compared to sunrise and sunset. This gives you the chance to capture appealing images at popular locations with limited or even zero crowds. Second, blue hour seizes certain emotions in the scenes that are 12 _____ tricky to express. The color blue carries its own unique emotional expression: sadness, peace, and so on. If your photo 13______ such emotional expression, it's hard to ignore this time of day. Third, blue hour combines tones of a photo into an integrated whole. I once struggled to keep colors in my photos in 14 _______for the best possible results but failed. Fortunately, the magic power of blue hour helps to 15 _______that. Green trees, yellow flowers and red rocks all appear some kind of blue—16 ________colors go along well in the images taken at that time. Fourth, there is possibility that other 17________ of light, such as warm light from buildings, create an important circumstance when portions of your photo do not turn blue during the blue hour. In such a case, your photo has a beautiful orange-blue color 18________ —a lovely flavor beyond its previous harmonious presence. However, there is usually only a brief window when the natural and artificial lights are about the same brightness, so a(n) 19 _______ click of the camera button is the critical step to make for the most even exposure between them. In spite of the careful techniques and right settings the blue hour photography requires, it 20 _____ you with great pictures. The emotions of blue hour do not work for each scene or photo, but when they do, you will be amazed. （四） （2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. balance B. breathing C. expanding D. figure E. labeled F. meeting G. precision H. skilled I. transition J. unexpected K. unfolded China’s first robot Peking Opera has drawn attention for its costumes, classic pieces, and the team-up between a fully made-up robot and a human performer. Videos from the first show of Farewell My Concubine (《霸王别姬》) show “Scholar 01,” China’s first robot doctoral student, stepping onstage. Dressed as the historical ____11____ Xiang Yu, the robot moves, raises its arms, and shifts its eyes to the beat of music, performing alongside Wu Xiaofeng, a Peking Opera major. Those videos triggered widespread discussion. For some audience, the performance was “full of futuristic charm,” an inventive____12____of traditional opera and cutting-edge technology. Others questioned whether a machine, however____13____, could truly belong on a stage for which human performers have spent their whole lives training. Yet what ____14____on stage touched something deeper than the novelty of a robot in face paint. The interaction of human breath and machine code suggested a(n) ____15____ possibility: That technology might extend beyond the languages of traditional operas. The robot’s ____16____added a strange clarity to the unique movements that have defined Peking Opera for centuries. Wen Mu, the director of the performance, stated it aimed to offer a glimpse of what a data-driven interpretation of the form could look like. One that can be repeated, fine-tuned and built upon in ways no human body would tolerate. And beyond the mechanics, the integration of robotics and Peking Opera is____17____ new life into the ancient art, drawing in youngsters. After the performance, teenagers who had never watched a full traditional opera suddenly found themselves discussing face-painting styles. Whatever one makes of the aesthetics (审美), it is clear that the production succeeded in ____18____ the conversation around Peking Opera. A robot dressed as Xiang Yu does offer younger and global audiences an accessible doorway into a dense, centuries-old tradition. For a cultural form that is so often ____19____ “too distant,” this is no small achievement. And perhaps that is where the Shanghai experiment lands most thoughtfully as a reminder that the future of an ancient art depends on how carefully its devoted protectors ____20____ progress and preservation. Robotics can enrich the stage, but it should not replace the human instinct and emotional intelligence on which Peking Opera’s survival depends. （五） （2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. openness B. translating C. ancient D. reduced E. dramatic F. personally G. fixed H. suggest I. balance J. emotionally K. copying Listening to the Elements In the world of contemporary classical music, few composers have explored cultural dialogue as quietly and persistently as Qigang Chen. Born in Shanghai and trained in France, Chen has spent decades ____11____ Chinese philosophical ideas into a musical language of Western traditions. One of his most widely performed works, Wu Xing (The Five Elements), offers a marvellous example of how ____12____ wisdom can be reinterpreted for modern audience. Completed in the late 1990s, Wu Xing is a five-movement orchestral piece (管弦乐曲) inspired by the traditional Chinese concept that views the universe as a dynamic ____13____ of five forces: metal, wood, water, fire and earth. Instead of treating these elements as ____14____ symbols, Chen presents them as part of a continuous cycle in which each generates the next. This idea of movement and transformation lies at the heart of the composition. The work opens not with a(n) ____15____ statement but with reserve. Slight changes in texture and colour suggest the flow of water, while later movements introduce sharper rhythms and brighter sounds to indicate fire and metal. Chen avoids directly ____16____ traditional Chinese music. For him, tradition is not something to be directly displayed but something to be absorbed and reshaped. He uses the full resources of a Western orchestra to ____17____ qualities such as weight, flow and tension. In doing so, he invites listeners to experience the philosophy ____18____ rather than intellectually. At a time when global culture is often ____19____ to easy labels, Chen’s work offers a quieter alternative. Wu Xing does not explain the five elements; it listens to them. It implies that cultural exchange in music does not depend on grand display, but on patience, discipline and a(n) ____20____ to transformation. And in that silence between sounds, something new is born. （六） （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） A. autonomous B. firmly C. integral D. launch E. leap F. live-stream G. marketplace H. measure I. precise J. skillfully K. subsequently China’s Spring Festival Gala Becomes Super Bowl-like Stage for Humanoid (像人的) Robots Humanoid robots have undoubtedly taken center stage at this year’s CMG (China Media Group) Spring Festival Gala — the world’s most-watched TV show in celebration of the Chinese New Year. For the robotics industry, this isn’t just a performance. It is a high-risk product ____11____ to billions of viewers. This year, four Chinese powerhouse startups brought their most advanced humanoids to the stage. Their performances covered many aspects of human life — from energetic martial arts and rhythmic dancing to short funny plays and daily life scenes. The ____12____ nature of the Gala makes it the ultimate “stress test” for robotics. On a stage filled with moving objects, hundreds of dancers and unpredictable lighting, there is no “reset” button. For this challenge, robots once again amazed the world with ____13____ movements and excellent stability — demonstrating well-balanced landings after running, kicking, and jumping from springboards. It is a huge ____14____ from last year, when their H1 robots finished a “Handkerchief Dance” with cautious movements and required human assistance just to exit the stage. This shift is an evident proof that the industry has moved from pre-programmed “puppets (傀儡)” to ____15____ machines powered by advanced stability algorithms (算法). Spring Festival Gala has become more than a technical display. For the first time, robots weren’t just guest performers. Rather, they were ____16____ to the Chinese tradition of Tuanyuan, or reunion. In the short funny play, Noetix’s “Bumi” robot took part in a family scene, ____17____ using humor to bridge the gap between machine and companion. This year also signaled a shift from early models to the ____18____. As Noetix CMO Zhang Miao explained to the press, if 2025 was about the race to mass-produce, 2026 is about the race to deliver. “The focus has moved from the factory floor to the commercial channel, where the real ____19____ of a company’s health is no longer how many robots it can build, but how many it can successfully integrate into real-world scenes,” Zhang said. A new era of robotics is now taking shape — and it is ____20____ rooted in China. （七） （2025~2026学年长宁区二模） A. matched B. original C. preserved D. pressed E. records F. reflect G. reliable H. revealed I. shapes J. subsequently K. unexpectedly Reading the trees By analysing variations in tree rings across forests worldwide, Neil Pederson and his team at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory have constructed an extensive climatic record, tracing patterns of drought and rainfall over hundreds to thousands of years. Their work is based on the principle that tree rings ____11____ annual growth conditions: larger rings usually indicate wetter periods, while smaller ones suggest drought. In 2010, while investigating the effects of climate change over the past twenty years in Mongolia, the team ____12____ encountered a group of pines (松树) in the Khorgo lava (熔岩) fields. Although their ____13____ aim was to study the impact of climate change on wildfires in Mongolia’s forests, this accidental discovery soon became the focus of their research. The site’s volcanic landscape and harsh climate created conditions in which the dead pines could remain ____14____ for centuries, offering the team another research project: creating a record of climate change by reading the pine-rings. As they were ____15____ for time, the researchers sampled just eighteen pines. Despite the limited samples, some of their cross sections, pieces of trunks made by cutting across them, ____16____ signs of great age. One Siberian pine alone contained nearly 800 rings, indicating eleven centuries of growth. The tree-ring record suggested that the site might have undergone unusually long environmental changes. Moreover, just by looking at the unusual ____17____ of these old trees — wider bases, winding trunks, and signs of regrowth, the researchers were able to identify their great age. To get records of wetness, the Pederson’s team cross-dated (交叉年代测定) the different trees and ____18____ patterns of large and small rings through time. They combined their newly found samples with the earlier collections, gradually building a(n) ____19____ record of the region’s tree ages and its climatic context. What began as a short field trip with a different research goal finally produced detailed data of Mongolia’s drought and rainfall periods over about 1,100 years, well beyond the region’s previous ____20____. （八） （2025~2026学年静安区二模） A. fine B. licensed C. plasticity D. imposing E. ordering F. circles G. pat H. reinvent I. matters J. demanding K. reward How Knitting May Be Rewiring Your Brain Knitting — and other so-called “grandma hobbies” — is making a comeback, especially among younger generations. According to Eventbrite data, Gen Z’s interest in “granny core” gatherings, such as knitting ___11___ and needlework workshops, has grown in recent months, driven in part by a search for relief from digital burnout. But the benefits go beyond nostalgia (怀旧). Recent studies suggest that slow, hands-on tasks, such as knitting, may activate brain systems in ways that support long-term cognitive health in various ways, including engaging memory, attention, and motor function, while helping to regulate stress. In other words, regardless of age or gender, engaging in hands-on, mentally ___12___ hobbies — whether knitting, wood carving, or model building — may be one of the simplest ways to support brain health. While meditation and puzzles also offer brain benefits, knitting uniquely combines ___13___ motor coordination, creative planning, and rhythmic two-sided movement — all of which engage different brain systems at once. This kind of creativity in any capacity is helpful, says Emily Sharp, a ___14___ therapist at NY Art Therapy. A 2024 study in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience supports the outlook, demonstrating how creative activities activate the brain’s dopaminergic reward network, particularly in areas deeply involved in pleasure, motivation, and mood. But unlike the dopamine rises caused by scrolling or sugar, knitting provides a slower, steadier ___15___. Plus, since activities like knitting require planning, ___16___ and problem-solving, they activate executive function alongside motor and emotional systems. This full-brain engagement helps strengthen neural (神经的) connectivity, a crucial tool for maintaining the brain’s flexibility and resilience as we age. If you are already an accomplished knitter, don’t ___17___ yourself on the back just yet. The cognitive benefits of activities like knitting aren’t about the task itself — they’re about the process of learning something new. Novelty (新颖) ___18___. When you challenge the brain with unfamiliar tasks, such as learning to knit, it lights up new pathways, offering a unique neurological boost. With time and repetition, those same actions become fluent and calming, allowing the brain to shift into a restorative flow state. This challenge-to-mastery process helps maintain neural ___19___. However, you must continually ___20___ the challenges for your brain as you master old ones. The good news? The cognitive challenge doesn’t have to be big. （九） （2025~2026学年宝山区二模） A. tempting B. developing C. permanent D. marketed E. control F. rapidly G. required H. present I. addicted J. entirely K. decrease Is vaping really safer than smoking? What exactly is vaping, and why is it so popular among teens? Vaping is inhaling vapor (吸入雾气) through e-cigarette. It is ___11___ as an alternative smoking tobacco. There are likely several reasons why teens find vaping interesting. Vaping devices look cool, and who doesn’t like to look cool? Liquids for electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) come in hundreds of ___12___ flavors such as mango, or strawberries and cream. Teens also think more about the here and now than the future. Here and now, vaping may be cool, but down the road, it’s not. People see vaping as safe because they think that they’re just inhaling water vapor and tasty flavorings. But much more than that is going into their lungs. In fact, many different chemicals go into vape pods (烟弹). The liquid inside can contain heavy metals that cause lung damage. The chemical diacetyl (双乙酰), ___13___ in many e-liquids, causes popcorn lung, which makes breathing difficult. Signs of it can appear as little as two weeks after inhaling the chemical. The condition has no cure. The damage is ___14___. More troubling is the presence of nicotine in the vapor. Nicotine makes people feel good but is very addicting. It reaches the brain 10 seconds after being inhaled. Once ___15___, people find it difficult to quit using it. The potential for nicotine addiction is higher in teens than adults because a teenager’s brain is still ___16___. Nicotine use during the teen years can affect one’s brain to become easily addicted to other drugs. One vape pod can contain more nicotine than 20 cigarettes. Nicotine affects the length of time teens can pay attention, their ability to learn and their emotion ___17___. People addicted to nicotine are often anxious without the drug. Over time more and more is ___18___ to make them feel good. But it’s never too late to quit. Ask friends and family to help. Don’t just plan to ___19___ the number of times you vape each day. Now is the time to drop your e-cigarette ____20____. If you get anxious, breathe deeply and focus on enjoying the air. Cutting vaping out of your life will make your body happier and healthier. （十） （2025~2026学年普陀区二模） A. access B. address C. competence D. considerable E. exposure F. hazardous G. idealized H. normalize I. safeguard J. prioritize K. vital Social media: A double-edged Sword for Adolescents Social media is offering significant opportunities alongside critical challenges. On the positive side, social platforms provide spaces for self-expression and meaningful connections. Adolescents can ____11____ mental health resources online, engage in supportive communities, and share personal stories. These interactions ____12____ conversations around mental health, reduce unfair labels, and encourage help-seeking behaviors. However, these advantages are counterbalanced by ____13____ risks. Cyberbullying, social comparison, and the fear of missing out are widespread issues on most platforms. They often lead to heightened anxiety, depression, and weakened self-esteem among teenagers. The ____14____ lifestyle images shown online frequently make adolescents feel excluded from their social circles. Too much screen time and ____15____ to harmful content further worsen the situation, damaging their sleep quality, academic performance, and face-to-face social interactions. Adolescents with existing mental health conditions face even greater risks due to online discrimination and a lack of proper guidance. To ____16____ these problems, a collective effort from policymakers, educators, parents and platform designers is greatly needed. Policymakers should establish clear regulations to ____17____ adolescents online, including stricter age checks and limits on harmful content. International cooperation is also necessary to create unified rules for global social platforms. Educational institutions play a(n) ____18____ role in helping adolescents use social media responsibly. Schools can empower students to critically evaluate online content and manage screen time by integrating digital ____19____ and mental health education into school curricula. Schools can also set up peer support groups and offer counselling services to deal with related challenges early. Parents should stay actively involved in their children’s digital lives by setting clear boundaries and communicating openly. Most importantly, social media platforms must _____20_____ user well-being in their designs. They can provide mental health support tools, content reminders and balanced usage guidance to protect young users. With joint efforts from all sides, society can make social media a positive force for the healthy mental development of adolescents. （十一） （2025~2026学年杨浦区二模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. purchased B. vision C. indicating D. considerably E. covering F. ripen G. confusion H. concept I. rots J. subsequently K. severe New Label Helps Consumers Better Determine Food Quality Determining whether food has spoiled can be a tricky task. The ___11___ over “use by” and “best before” labels often results in safe and consumable food being thrown out. This issue contributes significantly to the global food crisis, as roughly one-third of the food produced for the world is being wasted and millions of people in dozens of countries are facing ___12___ hunger each year. However, a groundbreaking invention called Mimica Touch aims to help tackle this crisis by providing a more accurate method of evaluating the safety of food ___13___. Consisting of a label that transforms in texture (质地) when food spoils, Mimica Touch features a plastic sheet with raised lines inside a ___14___ that signal spoilt food. The plastic bumps (凸块) are covered with a thin layer of natural substance that ___15___ at the same rate as the food. When the substance turns from a solid state to a liquid state, the label transforms from firm and smooth to soft and bumpy, ___16___ that the food has gone bad. Solveiga Pakštaité came up with the ___17___ for Mimica Touch while she was a student at Brunel University in London. The goal of the original project was to help people with ___18___ problems check the use-by date on packaged food. Pakštaité said she was inspired by banana skins, which change texture as they ___19___. Although Mimica Touch began as a university project, the invention has the potential to ____20____ reduce the huge quantity of food that goes to waste every year. Moreover, it could help consumers enjoy the food they purchase more safely and for longer periods. （十二） （2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adoption B. broad C. economy D. gender-neutral E. organized F. purely G. respect H. rewarded I. similarly J. spare K. uncomfortable Learn Chinese in One Word In recent years, people have talked a lot about the word “they” in English. Many believe this is helpful because it includes both males and females. Yet, English is not the only language that has been experimenting with a(n) ____11____ expression. French speakers often use “iel,” a combination of “il” (he) and “elle” (she). In Chinese, there is also an interesting idea. In 2015, some internet users suggested a new written form: X也. By combining the letter “X” with parts of the Chinese characters used for “he” and “she”, this symbol still reads as “ta” used for both men and women in spoken Chinese. In this ____12____, the new symbol does not change how people speak. Instead, it formalizes something that already exists in the language. After the character was added to Unicode, the international system for digital text, it became easier to type. This helped the wider ____13____ of the symbol online. However, the situation in English is different. In English, some people still feel ____14____ with “they”. Many speakers insist that “they” should only refer to more than one person instead of singular words like “someone”. Chinese is different. Since the spoken language already uses one sound for both genders, the new symbol is a(n) ____15____ visual change. This small change in writing also highlights something curious about the Chinese language on a(n) ____16____ scale. The language relies heavily on context to express meaning. It has no word exactly like the English article “the,” and time is often understood from the situation rather than from verb endings. Therefore, Chinese can express ideas with surprising ____17____, using only a few words. For example, a long sentence such as “The relationships among the Seven Warring States were constantly changing” can be presented as “Relationship between Warring States is constant change.” English, despite its reputation for accuracy, ____18____ leaves much to context. Verbs in English have only three endings: “-s”, “-ing” and “-ed”. Compared with languages like Russian, where verbs have more than 60 endings, English grammar looks quite ____19____. Learning a new language therefore goes beyond learning new vocabulary. It also means understanding how meaning is _____20_____ in different languages. （十三） （2025~2026学年黄浦区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. addicted B. appreciative C. averaging D. benefits E. blinding F. briefly G. downsides H. enforced I. initially J. seeking K. urgent I Killed Color on My Phone A few months ago, I began to be worried that I was devoting too many hours to online videos. So, when I read an article about the ____11____ of switching one’s phone to a black-and-white color mode, I figured I’d give it a try. The result was shocking. The moment I switched, I no longer felt a(n) ____12____ need to look at my phone. The number of hours I spent per day on the phone dropped 40 percent, to four hours and 40 minutes per day — still embarrassingly high, but not the dizzying eight-plus hours I was ____13____. There are some small ____14____ to my black-and-white online life. Because the answer and decline buttons on my phone are both gray, I’ll sometimes hang up on a call I want to answer. Fortunately, these days, nobody minds if you just call them back. Besides, games weren’t as fun, so I started playing them on my pad and discovered that I liked the separation between work and play that it ____15____: phone for boring stuff; pad for fun. And I’ve found that whenever I return to color, even ____16____, I am desperate to turn it off again as quickly as possible. With my eyes no longer used to the brightness, I now find the phone’s colors to be too vivid, too ____17____. Two and a half months into this journey, my phone usage remains about four hours per day. And I’m pretty sure I’ll never go back to color on my phone. I feel like turning off color on my phone made me more aware and more ____18____ of the color and beauty in real life. Now that I am no longer turning to my phone for fun, I find myself ____19____ it out in other ways — reading more books, watching more movies, planning more gatherings with friends, hanging out with my kids. And those are things I do want to be ____20____ to. （十四） （2025~2026学年虹口区二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. climatic B. damaging C. exposed D. fresh E. fueling F. inclusively G. lines H. overdependence I. overthrown J. previously K. separated The Fall of the Roman Empire The Western Roman Empire is known as one of the longest lasting empires. Historians believe that the empire collapsed in 476 A.D., when its last ruler, Romulus Augustulus, was ____11____. The question of why the Western Roman Empire ended has fascinated historians for generations, ____12____ a debate that is nowhere near reaching an agreement. In 1984, German historian Alexander Demandt drew up a list of more than two hundred factors that have been cited to explain Rome’s fall — a fall ____13____ blamed on internal corruption (腐败). Other scholars have pointed to more specific reasons. Some have focused on the evolution of the Roman economy, which struggled to expand by the third century A.D. because of ____14____ on enslaved (受奴役的) people for labor. Ongoing military conflicts and civil wars that broke out from the third century on played a part too, weakening central authority and causing the empire to break apart, leaving it more ____15____ to external threats. In recent years, however, a (n) ____16____ theory has emerged, highlighting the impact of climatic changes and disease outbreaks. In a work published in 2017, classics professor Kyle Harper argues that the rise and fall of Rome was shaped not only by emperors, generals, soldiers and slaves, but also by viruses, volcanoes and solar cycles. It is a story in which humanity and the environment cannot be ____17____. Harper and other scholars have drawn on climate and widespread-disease data, which have opened up new ____18____ of research into the study of the past. The data suggest that the ____19____ conditions of the empire in the first century B.C. favored agricultural, economic, and population growth. But they became more variable with a trend toward cooling and drought, which impacted agricultural productivity. This crisis was compounded by another ____20____ natural phenomenon: epidemics (时疫). From the latter half of the second century on, epidemics emerged that affected the whole Roman Empire with unmatched intensity. （十五） （2025~2026学年徐汇区二模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. enhancing B.decorated C.demands D.endured E.engaging F. discovery G.community H.characters I.accessible J.bridging K. abundance The Lantern Festival, which falls on the 15th day of the first month of the traditional Chinese calendar, is a lively celebration marked by radiant lantern displays, captivating cultural performances, and a(an) (11) _______ of festive foods. Among its most cherished traditions is the practice of solving lantern riddles—known as caidengmi—a uniquely (12) _______pursuit that has delighted participants for centuries. At the heart of the festival, lantern riddles beautifully intertwine artistic expression with intellectual play. During the celebrations, riddles are handwritten on slips of paper and affixed to lanterns of all shapes and sizes. These lanterns, often elaborately (13)_______with scenes of mythical creatures, legendary figures, and historic tales, form a breathtaking backdrop for the spirited exchange of wit. As festivalgoers gather to crack each riddle, streets and courtyards become vibrant arenas of friendly competition and shared mental (14) _______. Beyond their entertainment value, lantern riddles reflect a deep cultural reverence (敬畏) for knowledge and ingenuity. Solving them (15) _______not only creativity and linguistic dexterity but also a nuanced understanding of Chinese (16) _______and idiomatic expressions—making the challenge both (17) _______and deeply rewarding across generations. Historically, the tradition also served as a powerful tool for (18) _______building, drawing people together to converse, exchange ideas, and celebrate in ways both meaningful and memorable. Over the centuries, it has (19) _______as a beloved feature of the festival, continuing to captivate with its seamless blend of cultural depth and intellectual delight. Today, lantern riddles remain a cherished highlight of the Lantern Festival, gracefully (20) ______the old and the new. In doing so, they offer a timeless reminder of the power of knowledge and the simple, profound joy of gathering in celebration of culture and community. （十六） （2025~2026学年青浦区二模） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. “Unhappy” Horse Drives New Year Sales Boom On 17 February 2026, China welcomed the Year of the Horse, which symbolizes energy and diligence. But the huge success of a faulty toy suggests that many Chinese are not feeling the festive atmosphere. A red horse toy produced by Happy Sister in the city of Yiwu in the east of China (1) ________ (mean) to wear a broad smile, but a factory error meant it hit the shops, wearing a worried look. Because the smile was placed upside down, the horse’s nostrils (鼻孔) (2) ________ be interpreted as tears. Despite the error, the toy went viral on social media. People joked that the crying horse is how you look at work, while the smiling one is how you look (3) ________ work. By mid-February, the owner of Happy Sister said she was receiving daily orders of more than 15,000 units, causing the extra production lines (4) ________ (introduce) immediately. The small workshop, which had struggled with slow sales for months, suddenly found (5) ________ flooded with orders and struggling to keep up with demand. Many Chinese white-collar workers have endured the 996 system, (6) ________ employees are required to work from 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week. Though the practice was banned in 2021 after an employee died suddenly from a late-night shift, long overtime hours are still common today. Jacob Cooke, CEO of an e-commerce firm, said, “Consumer products and internet memes (网络梗) serve as a channel for people to discuss work pressure, a connection showing (7) ________ formal communications often fail to convey.” The crying horse is a perfect example of this, as it gives workers an alternative way to express their tiredness (8) ________ ________ they are criticized for voicing their true feelings directly. Meanwhile, orders for the “crying horse” have poured in worldwide, with its image (9) ________ (expect) to appear on various products. The owner never found out who sewed the horse’s smile on upside down. “Since we can’t figure out exactly (10) ________ mistake it was, we will just give everyone a bonus,” she said. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $