11 专题强化训练9 词义猜测题——代词指代类-（教师用书）【金版新学案】2026年高考英语大二轮专题复习与测试

专题强化训练9　词义猜测题——代词指代类 (时间：20分钟　满分：30分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) A (2025·河北省3月模拟) When Martin Roth began his career as a forest ranger in the 1980s，his job was to care for the forest in a way that would ensure continuity for decades，even centuries.Now，with climate change，it's more about planning for an uncertain future.“It's turned into disaster management，” says Roth，for whom the 3，000 acres of forest along the northeastern shore of Lake Constance in Germany double as testing ground for high-tech solutions，earning him the title “digitalforester”，which refers to a ranger expert in employing high-tech tools.That was widely celebrated in the German forestry community. After a disastrous storm，the clock starts ticking：Damaged trees need to be removed before the arrival of bark beetles，which multiply in dead trees and can go on to destroy entire forests.While it used to take Roth two and a half hours to cover an acre of forest on foot，drones (无人机) now let him monitor and survey the entire 3，000 acres in a matter of days，so he can quickly locate damaged trees，identify and inform the owners of affected plots，and send information to workers on the ground. It takes forest soil decades to recover after being compacted (压实) by heavy logging equipment.That's why Roth has digitally mapped all the logging paths and equipped tree harvesters with satellite so the machines can easily follow the same route for decades and easily find them in the chaotic aftermath of a storm.GPS data is used to record how much wood was taken from which location—a crucial upgrade in a forest with many different owners. Now up to half of European tree species are unsuited to rising temperatures and extended drought periods，so Roth has begun experimenting with new species，planting them in small groups and keeping track of them in his system.With a forest in flux (不断变化)，there are dozens of areas that need interventions at different times，and there are not enough employees to keep it all straight，he says：“Either I know it，or the computer knows it，or no one knows it and it's lost.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了森林管理员Martin Roth在面对气候变化时，如何利用高科技工具来管理和保护森林。 1．What does the underlined word“That” refer to in Paragraph 1? A．The solution. B． The tool. C．The monitor. D．The title. 答案：D 解析：代词指代题。根据画线词前文“它已经变成了灾难管理，罗斯说，对他来说，德国康斯坦茨湖东北岸的3 000英亩森林既是高科技解决方案的试验场，也为他赢得了‘数字护林员’的称号，指的是使用高科技工具的护林员专家。”可知，代词指代前文提到的事物，此处应是“数字护林员”的称号。故选D。 2．What does Paragraph 2 highlight about technology in forestry? A．Its speed and precision. B．Its operating principles. C．Its considerable expenses. D．Its limitations in application. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，本段主要强调了林业技术的速度和精度。故选A。 3．What does Roth emphasize in the last paragraph? A．The challenges of planting new tree species. B．The impact of climate change on European forests. C．The need for more employees in forest management. D．The importance of information management and recording. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，本段Roth强调了信息管理和记录的重要性。故选D。 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To show how technology changes forest care. B．To defend traditional methods of forest management. C．To explain the importance of planting new tree species. D．To highlight the challenges of climate change for forestry. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段以及纵观全文可知，本文的目的是介绍森林管理员Martin Roth在面对气候变化时，如何利用高科技工具来管理和保护森林。故选A。 B (2025·3月济南市模拟) Wildlife photographer Ingo Arndt discovered his first enormous ant mound (蚁丘) as a child exploring the forest with his father near their home almost 50 years ago.They were bird-watching and came around a bend in a thickly wooded area when there it was：a five-foot-tall mound，standing upward like a large stalagmite (石笋).Arndt wanted to investigate more closely，but a very particular smell suggested he rethink that.The air felt thick and sharp，discomforting his nose.“All my life，” he says，“I could remember the smell.” Several years later，Arndt moved to the countryside.He continued his fascination with the mounds and their armies of tiny engineers.Outfitted with a high-resolution camera，he began photographing the mounds and sharing his imagery with researchers for a scientific perspective.It turned out the mound makers were indeed special.They were red wood ants—one of the smallest of all so-called keystone species.Keystone species such as elephants and sharks are watched closely because their behaviors affect so many aspects of the ecosystem that if they disappeared，it would struggle to adapt.Researchers also explained the smell from the mound.As the insects build a nest，they generate formic acid (蚁酸)，the origin of the smell，which helps to fight against enemies. But in recent decades，the population of ants has been declining as the forests have fallen victim to logging，urbanization，and wildfires，as well as drought and higher temperatures that have become more frequent with climate change.This has led several countries across the ants' range，including Germany，to enlist them as a protected species by law. Today Arndt's photos put on display that as social insects，these small ants not only form complex societies，but they also cohabitate with a wide variety of species，creating a mass of coexisting relationships across a variety of plant and animal species.They are also a reminder that by protecting these unnoticed creatures，we are actually protecting ourselves. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过Arndt的经历和对红木蚁的研究，强调了这些微小物种在自然界中的重要性，尤其是它们对生态系统的影响。 5．How was Arndt's first encounter with the ant mound? A．It reminded him of a bad experience. B．It left him an unforgettable memory. C．It aroused his enthusiasm for nature. D．It inspired him to protect the forests. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Arndt wanted to investigate more closely，but a very particular smell suggested he rethink that.The air felt thick and sharp，discomforting his nose.‘All my life，’he says，‘I could remember the smell.’”可知，Arndt对蚁丘的气味留下了深刻的印象，这段经历给他留下了难忘的记忆。故选B。 6．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The wooded area. B．The mound maker. C．The keystone species. D．The entire ecosystem. 答案：D 解析：代词指代题。根据第二段“Keystone species such as elephants and sharks are watched closely because their behaviors affect so many aspects of the ecosystem that if they disappeared，it would struggle to adapt.”可知，大象和鲨鱼等关键物种的行为影响生态系统的许多方面，如果它们消失，整个生态系统将会很难适应，所以画线代词it指的是上文提到的生态系统。故选D。 7．What contributed to the decrease in the number of ants? A．Their worsened habitats. B．Their changing behavior. C．Their severe competition. D．Their limited population. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段可知，蚂蚁数量的减少是由于森林砍伐、城市化、野火、干旱和气温升高等因素导致的栖息地恶化。故选A。 8．What is the text mainly intended to tell us? A．Massive lives exist on earth. B．Tiny species count in nature. C．Social creatures live in groups. D．Little ants are master architects. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。全文通过Arndt的经历和对红木蚁的研究，强调了这些微小物种在自然界中的重要性，尤其是它们对生态系统的影响。最后一段提到“They are also a reminder that by protecting these unnoticed creatures，we are actually protecting ourselves.”进一步点明了保护微小物种的意义。故选B。 C (2025·厦门市第二次质量检测) Snow can be a powerful reminder of childhood snow days—that joyful surprise when another expected day of sitting in school turned into one that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating.But there are also plenty of reasons why snow can appeal to people without that fond nostalgia (怀旧). Snow quite literally changes our physical experience of the world.For example，freshly fallen snow is porous (多孔的) enough to absorb sound well，making the world quieter.And it plays even more strongly on our sense of sight.One aspect of that visual appeal is the way snow reflects light in the darker months.“A lot of people really struggle with winter darkness as much as they struggle with the cold，” says Leibowitz，who has written a book about mental health in winter.“The brightening effect of the snow，I think，is really powerful.” Snow changes the very shape of the world people see around them，Leibowitz says，pointing to the way a fresh blanket of it hides and yet reveals the surroundings.“Things that you look at every day suddenly can appear very different，” she says. In the right conditions，snow can be fascinating.But for certain people，the same weather can become the very opposite：annoying，exhausting or depressing.Leibowitz recommends welcoming changing seasons，taking inspiration from the long nights and cold days—and argues that snow can be a helpful cue to do so.“It's such a clear visual reminder that we're in a different season that perhaps it inspires people to respond more adaptively，” she says. But as climate change continues to unfold，some historically snowy areas will lose the most magical precipitation (降水) and face nothing but cold rain.“There are a lot of places in the world that are right on this borderline where the difference of a couple of degrees of warming is the difference between a white，snowy winter...and a gray，rainy winter，” Leibowitz says.“I think there's a lot that is lost when we lose the cold and when we lose the snow.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了雪能唤起人们对童年的回忆，改变人们对世界的体验，还建议人们适应季节变化，同时表达了对因气候变化雪减少的担忧。 9．What does the underlined word “one” refer to in Paragraph 1? A．A reminder. B． A surprise. C．A day. D．A snowball. 答案：C 解析：代词指代题。根据画线词所在部分“when another expected day of sitting in school turned into one that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating”可知，one是代词，与“another expected day”词义相关，结合其后定语从句“that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating”可推知，代词one指的是“充满打雪仗或滑冰的一天”，即a day。故选C。 10．How does snow change our experience of the world? A．By making musical sounds. B．By increasing the cold of winter. C．By exercising our sense of sight. D．By offering a new look of the world. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，雪改变了我们对世界的物理体验，即通过呈现世界的新面貌改变了我们对世界的体验。故选D。 11．What is Leibowitz's suggestion to snow haters? A．Searching for visual cues. B．Ignoring negative emotions. C．Adjusting to seasonal changes. D．Cleaning unpleasant surroundings. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段可知，莱博维茨给讨厌雪的人的建议是去适应季节变化。故选C。 12．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．Express concern for snow loss. B．Make predictions of climate change. C．Present reasons for increased rainfall. D．Summarize consequences of cold rain. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But as climate change continues to unfold，some historically snowy areas will lose the most magical precipitation (降水) and face nothing but cold rain.”和“I think there's a lot that is lost when we lose the cold and when we lose the snow.”可推知，作者在最后一段表达了对雪减少的担忧。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $