10 专题强化训练8 词义猜测题——单词猜测类-（教师用书）【金版新学案】2026年高考英语大二轮专题复习与测试

专题强化训练8　词义猜测题——单词猜测类 (时间：20分钟　满分：30分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) A (2025·湖南省4月大联考) If you have several credit cards and a mountain of debt to deal with and you've got enough money to pay more than the minimum payments，you need to consider which cards to throw extra money at first.This can be a real headache.Tally is a new app that promises to solve this problem.Here is my experience using it. First，you're walked through some introduction screens about the app and then guided to enter your credit card information.Although you can shun typing in that information by scanning your credit cards，the feature never worked when I used it.I had to enter my card information by myself. I was then asked to hand over my online banking login credentials (登录凭证).Tally then tries to connect to all my accounts.Next，Tally tries to qualify you for their line of credit.This is where I ended up getting stuck because the instructions didn't spell out that they would only be doing a “soft pull” on my credit，rather than a “hard pull”．Whenever you apply for new credit，the lender will request a copy of your credit report.That's called a hard pull，and too many of them can lower your credit score. Fortunately，Tally uses a “soft pull”．A soft pull happens when a company asks for information about your credit，but it isn't a part of a new credit application.Because of that，it doesn't affect your credit score. However，Tally doesn't tell you that they're going to do a soft pull until after you've entered all of your credit card information，birthday，and phone number.I had to stop midway because I thought Tally would do a hard pull，which I definitely didn't want. I continued through the process until I finally reached an explainer page saying they would only be conducting a soft pull.Tally could do a better job telling users this information earlier in the process. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者使用Tally这款旨在解决多张信用卡债务问题的应用的经历。 1．What does the underlined word “shun” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Avoid. B． Risk. C．Delay. D．Suggest. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“typing in that information by scanning your credit cards，the feature never worked when I used it.I had to enter my card information by myself.”可知，可以通过扫描信用卡来避免自己输入这些信息，但是作者使用的时候不起作用，只能自己输入信息。故画线词的意思是“避免”。故选A。 2．Why did the author get stuck? A．He misspelled his password. B．His credit score was too low. C．He forgot his login credentials. D．He didn't get specific instructions. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Next，Tally tries to qualify you for their line of credit.This is where I ended up getting stuck because the instructions didn't spell out that they would only be doing a ‘soft pull’ on my credit，rather than a ‘hard pull’．”可知，作者卡住是因为 Tally 的说明没有明确指出他们只会对作者的信用进行“软查询”，而不是“硬查询”。故选D。 3．What does the author think of Tally? A．It is cheap to download. B．It can replace credit cards. C．It still has room to improve. D．It helps users save money. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为Tally仍有改进的空间。故选C。 4．What is the aim of the text? A．To teach readers how to use an app. B．To tell the development of an app. C．To show how to apply for a credit card. D．To stress the convenience of credit cards. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段可知，本文主要讲述了作者使用Tally这款旨在解决多张信用卡债务问题的应用的经历。由此可知，这篇文章的目的是教读者如何使用一个应用程序。故选A。 B (2025·广东省5月联考) Mothers and fathers both play vital roles in a child's life，but their approaches to parenting can be very different.These differences are partly influenced by biology，specifically hormones (荷尔蒙) like oxytocin—often called the “love hormone”，which shape their positive behaviors as parents. Research shows that oxytocin affects mothers and fathers in unique ways，leading them to take on balancing roles in raising children.Oxytocin is paramount when it comes to bonding.It is released during moments of closeness，like hugging，breastfeeding，or even playing. In mothers，oxytocin is associated with nurturing (养育) behavior.This hormone increases when a mother holds or comforts her child，making her more likely to focus on caregiving and providing psychological support.For example，when a baby cries，a mother might automatically lift them up，hold them close and attempt to calm them down. On the other hand，studies have shown that when fathers spend time with their children，their oxytocin levels also rise.However，instead of becoming more nurturing，they tend to become more playful and energetic.A father might be more likely to play a game，tell jokes，or encourage his child to try new things.This playfulness can help children develop confidence，problem-solving skills and independence. Interestingly，both roles are equally important for a child's development.Mothers often provide a safe space where children feel secure and understood，while fathers encourage exploration and hardiness.These differences don't mean that all mothers or fathers act the same way，but that they do show how biological factors can influence parenting styles.Having different styles of parenting can also help children see the world in a different light.When kids experience both nurturing and playful behaviors，they learn how to adapt to different situations. Overall，the balance between nurturing and playfulness helps children grow into well-rounded individuals，ready to face the world with confidence. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了父母育儿方式的差异及其生物学基础。 5．What does the underlined word “paramount” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Preventable. B． Odd. C．Crucial. D．Rare. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段“These differences are partly influenced by biology，specifically hormones (荷尔蒙) like oxytocin—often called the ‘love hormone’，which shape their positive behaviors as parents.”以及第二段“when it comes to bonding.It is released during moments of closeness”可知，像催产素这种常被称为“爱之荷尔蒙”的激素，它塑造了父母的正向行为方式，它是在建立亲子关系时通过亲密行为释放，这说明其作用“至关重要”，paramount的意思是“至关重要的”，和Crucial意思相近。故选C。 6．What does the author think is a case of a mother's nurturing behavior? A．Ensuring emotional security. B．Encouraging outdoor games. C．Allowing learning adaptability. D．Teaching bicycle riding. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者认为母亲养育行为的一个例子是确保情感安全。故选A。 7．Paragraph 4 is mainly discussing a father's ． A．confidence in raising children B．playfulness assumption C．position in the family D．parenting behavior with oxytocin 答案：D 解析：段落大意题。通读第四段可知，第四段主要讲的是父亲在催产素作用下的育儿行为。故选D。 8．Which statement may the author agree with? A．Mothers limit children's independence. B．Parenting roles should be strictly defined. C．Every parent is unique in parenting styles. D．Fathers are more vital for academic success. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可推知，作者会赞同的是“每个父母的育儿方式都是独一无二的”。故选C。 C (2025·成都市第二次适应性测试) A honey bee's life depends on it successfully harvesting from flowers to make honey.Deciding which flower is most likely to offer nectar (花蜜) is incredibly difficult.In new research published recently，our team reports how bees make these complex decisions. We challenged bees with a field of artificial flowers，each of which offered a tiny drop of sugar syrup.Different-colored “flowers” varied in their likelihood of offering sugar.We put tiny，harmless paint marks on the back of each bee，and filmed every visit a bee made to the flower array.We then used computer vision and machine learning to automatically draw and study the route on which bees flew through.From this information，we found bees very quickly learned to identify the most rewarding flowers.They quickly assessed whether to accept or reject a flower，but surprisingly they made correct decisions within 0.6 seconds while incorrect decisions took them 1.2 seconds on average. The results and what we expected are poles apart．Usually in animals，an accurate decision takes longer than an inaccurate decision.This is called the speed-accuracy trade-off，which happens because determining whether a decision is right or wrong usually depends on how much evidence we have to make that decision.More evidence means a more accurate decision，but gathering evidence takes time.So accurate decisions are usually slow and inaccurate decisions are faster.But bees only accepted a flower if，at a glance，they were sure it was rewarding.If they had any uncertainty，they rejected it.They might have missed some rewarding flowers，but they successfully focused their efforts only on the flowers with the best chance and best evidence of providing them with sugar. The only other animals known to beat the speed-accuracy trade-off are humans and primates.It's indeed amazing that bees seemed to be breaking this boundary. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究团队通过用人工花对蜜蜂进行实验，研究蜜蜂如何做出采蜜决策，发现蜜蜂打破了速度—准确性权衡这一现象。 9．How did researchers get the result of the experiment? A．By observing bees in the wild. B．By analyzing bees' flight paths. C．By testing bees in different colors. D．By comparing bees' food preference. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“We then used computer vision and machine learning to automatically draw and study the route on which bees flew through.From this information，we found bees very quickly learned to identify the most rewarding flowers.”可知，研究人员是通过分析蜜蜂的飞行路径来获取实验结果的。故选B。 10．What did the research find about bees? A．They could tell artificial flowers immediately. B．They performed better in certain colored flowers. C．They made right choices faster than the wrong ones. D．They made more correct decisions than other species. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“They quickly assessed whether to accept or reject a flower，but surprisingly they made correct decisions within 0.6 seconds while incorrect decisions took them 1.2 seconds on average.”可知，研究发现蜜蜂做出正确选择的速度比做出错误选择的速度要快。故选C。 11．What does the underlined phrase “poles apart” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Contrary. B． Reasonable. C．Essential. D．Confusing. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前后句可知，通常在动物中，准确的决策比不准确的决策花费的时间更长，但蜜蜂的情况相反，它们做出正确的决定的时间更短。所以“The results and what we expected are poles apart.”表示“结果和我们预期的完全相反。”，“poles apart”的意思是“完全相反的”。故选A。 12．Why do bees beat the speed-accuracy trade-off? A．They ignore uncertainties. B．They gather evidence very fast. C．They stay on the right track while flying. D．They adopt a special decision-making mechanism. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“But bees only accepted a flower if，at a glance，they were sure it was rewarding... with the best chance and best evidence of providing them with sugar.”可知，蜜蜂采用了一种特殊的决策机制，即只接受一眼确定有价值的花，有不确定就拒绝，这使得它们打破了速度—准确性权衡。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $