9 专题强化训练7 主旨大意题——段落大意类-（教师用书）【金版新学案】2026年高考英语大二轮专题复习与测试

专题强化训练7　主旨大意题——段落大意类 (时间：20分钟　满分：30分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) A (2025·郑州市第二次质量预测) Duncan Jurman became interested in butterflies when he was around 5 years old.He noticed a couple of caterpillars (毛虫) in his backyard and was attracted by the different ways that caterpillars can disguise (伪装) themselves to stay safe in potentially dangerous surroundings.From there，he started to learn more about caterpillars and butterflies. Jurman believes that butterflies play a crucial role in our ecosystems.They're very low on the food web，so they support a lot of different species that rely on them.They're an indicator species for the health of the environment.Once they disappear，everything else is soon to follow. Jurman's goal is to transform the landscape of Florida's Broward County by turning a weedy suburb into a lively butterfly reserve at a time when insect populations are decreasing quickly worldwide.Jurman believes that every flower planted is a potential home and source of food for caterpillars and butterflies.He eventually developed a butterfly-friendly garden in his backyard by researching the different plants that butterflies prefer.He has already raised and released more than 5，000 butterflies from his garden. Jurman also launched the Bring Butterflies Back campaign to educate people about butterflies and invite them to join his cause of protecting butterflies.He said that a lot of people are surprised to learn that insects are declining at such an alarming rate，largely because the decline has been so gradual.This phenomenon helps to explain why people are unwilling to take meaningful actions to save the environment. In 2018，Jurman helped to build a butterfly garden at his high school.The garden has had a regenerative effect on the surrounding environment—birds，native lizards，and other insects have returned in great numbers.Other schools have been inspired to start gardens.“I don't know if we can ever reach the point that we were once at with butterflies，but I think that if everyone gets involved and starts their own garden，they can make their own impact，” Jurman said. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Duncan Jurman从小对蝴蝶产生兴趣，并通过创建蝴蝶友好型花园、发起保护蝴蝶运动，努力增加蝴蝶数量并提高人们对环境保护的意识。 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The food chain of insects. B．The competition between species. C．The potential danger to butterflies. D．The vital role of butterflies in nature. 答案：D 解析：段落大意题。通读第二段可知，这一段主要讲述了蝴蝶在自然中的重要作用，故选D。 2．Why did Jurman create a butterfly-friendly garden? A．To teach people about butterflies. B．To study butterflies' favorite plants. C．To increase the number of butterflies. D．To improve the beauty of his backyard. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Jurman believes that every flower planted is a potential home and source of food for caterpillars and butterflies...He has already raised and released more than 5，000 butterflies from his garden.”可知，他创建蝴蝶友好型花园的目的是增加蝴蝶的数量，故选C。 3．Which shows the phenomenon mentioned in the text? A．People's unawareness of environmental changes. B．The impact of human activities on insect habitats. C．The rapid decline of butterfly populations worldwide. D．The process of transforming natural landscapes into reserves. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“He said that a lot of people are surprised to learn that insects are declining at such an alarming rate，largely because the decline has been so gradual.This phenomenon helps to explain why people are unwilling to take meaningful actions to save the environment.”可知，文中提到的现象是人们对环境变化缺乏意识，故选A。 4．What can be inferred from Jurman's words in the last paragraph? A．More gardens are built to increase the number of other insects. B．Jurman is pessimistic about the future of the butterfly population. C．It's impossible to restore the butterfly population to their previous levels. D．People's joint efforts can have a great impact on the butterfly population. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“I don't know if we can ever reach the point that we were once at with butterflies，but I think that if everyone gets involved and starts their own garden，they can make their own impact”可知，Jurman认为人们的共同努力可以对蝴蝶的数量产生重大影响，故选D。 B (2025·成都市第二次适应性测试) A quiet revolution is happening in autonomous systems，freeing us from the burdens of labor and giving us more control over our lives.A robotaxis can give you a smooth ride to wherever you need to go while a humanoid robot can handle chores at home. Undoubtedly，instead of spending time driving，or folding laundry，we can engage in intellectual，artistic，and social pursuits that were previously unimaginable.We can learn new languages，develop new skills，or connect more deeply with loved ones.We are close to a future where the freedom to create and explore is no longer limited by the demands of daily life. However，undeniable convenience as these autonomous systems offer，there's something special about the tasks they aim to replace.Learning to drive，or even folding laundry is not just chores but the very fabric of our human experience.The first time you got behind the wheel of a car gave you a moment of growth and independence.Folding laundry can be a quiet，reflective moment—a reminder that life is made up of simple rhythms. Here lies the contradiction：Autonomy isn't just about freedom from work but control.As we hand over more control to machines，we are losing some of our own. Take Tesla's Full Self-Driving (FSD) system，for example.Despite the incredible convenience and safety it offers，we need to reflect on what we might be leaving behind as we move closer to this reality.For many，driving is more than just a means of getting from one destination to another—it's an experience about freedom and control.The sensory connection to the road，and even the joy of mastering the art of driving are elements that technology might replace，but not necessarily reproduce. True human autonomy is not just about handing over daily tasks to machines.It's about the choice to engage in those tasks when we want to.The simple act of driving a car，or cleaning a home is more than just a function；it's an expression of our humanity.Perhaps that's the real challenge in front of us as autonomous systems become more integrated into our lives：how to use these machines to enhance our freedom without losing the very expression of our humanity. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自主系统(如自动驾驶汽车和人形机器人)在带来生活便利的同时，也引发了关于人类自主性、控制权以及人性表达的思考。 5．What do autonomous systems probably enable us to get? A．Greater abilities to handle chores. B．Higher intellectual ambitions. C．More opportunities to develop creativity. D．A free future of living without limits. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，自主系统能让我们有更多的机会来发展创造力。故选C。 6．What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A．The value of routine experiences. B．The freedom through technology. C．The reflections on personal growth. D．The room for improving autonomous systems. 答案：A 解析：段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段的重点是日常经历的价值。故选A。 7．Why does the author mention “Tesla's FSD system”？ A．To demonstrate the joy of driving. B．To argue against the freedom from work. C．To give an example of technological convenience. D．To stress the loss of control and human experience. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，作者提到“Tesla's FSD system”是为了强调控制权的丧失和人性经验的缺失。故选D。 8．What message does the author mainly convey? A．Technology serves as a helping hand. B．Freedom isn't what technology offers us. C．The future of autonomous systems is in our hands. D．There are conflicts between innovation and autonomy. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者主要传达了创新和自主之间存在冲突。故选D。 C (2025·山东省潍坊市三模) Every year，tens of thousands of people around the world apply for research jobs armed with postgraduate qualifications and specialized knowledge，only for their carefully crafted applications to seemingly disappear into a digital blank.At the same time，recruiters (招聘者) report that they are unable to find appropriate candidates for open positions. One key cause of this mismatch is the perception that someone with science qualifications is fully qualified for research work.The reality is that，often，a PhD or a first postdoctoral post is corresponding to an entry-level qualification，with the holder needing further advice，guidance，mentoring and experience before they can work independently. Shifting generational priorities also play a part.For example，most current early-career scientists are millennials (千禧一代)，born between the early 1980s and mid-1990s.They are often digitally skilled and bring with them strong cooperation nature and a desire to see their work have societal impact.They also tend to value work-life balance and career flexibility，which might not always square with the priorities of the scientists interviewing them for jobs. Meanwhile，employers report that candidates often lack creative thinking，problem-solving and communication skills and qualities such as persistence，passion and determination. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach.Universities and other research training institutions can do more to expand the focus of PhD training beyond the academic track.This means providing advice and guidance about what career paths and job opportunities might be available for researchers in companies，the public sector and non-governmental organizations.Employers need to consider the benefits of structured training for early-career researchers，as a way to boost critical thinking and analytical skills.This could be done by reproducing the training schemes commonly used by large technology，consulting，finance and legal firms. The path forward requires jobseekers and recruiters to understand each other better.Candidates would benefit from learning why recruiters are dissatisfied with the competence of applicants.Institutions，for their part，must see themselves as architects of scientific careers.This means acknowledging that professional preparation isn't a distraction from research excellence—it is an essential component of it. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了全球研究生学历求职者与职位供需不匹配的原因以及解决方向。 9．Why do postgraduates fail to find satisfying jobs? A．Inadequate academic preparation. B．Limited job information sources. C．Absence of proper job-seeking skills. D．Misjudgment of qualification suitability. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，研究生找不到满意的工作是由于资质与岗位需求的差距，人们认为具有科学资格的人完全有资格从事研究工作，但现实是博士学位或博士后学位被视为“入门资格”，仍需更多建议、指导、谋划和经验，D项“资质适合性判断错误。”符合题意，故选D。 10．Which priority of millennials affect their job seeking? A．High cooperation ability. B．Emphasis on digital tech use. C．Pursuit of work-life balance. D．Freedom for mind and body. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“They also tend to value work-life balance and career flexibility，which might not always square with the priorities of the scientists interviewing them for jobs.”可知，追求工作和生活的平衡对“千禧一代”求职有影响，故选C。 11．What training should be given to PhD researchers? A．Career-related advice. B．General skill building. C．Financial management tips. D．Academic-focused guidance. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Universities and other research training institutions can do more to expand the focus of PhD training...，the public sector and non-governmental organizations.”可知，大学需扩展博士培训范围，提供学术职业指导，故选A。 12．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Role of institutions in research. B．Importance of skill development. C．Discontent of recruiters with applicants. D．Significance of understanding each other. 答案：D 解析：段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段主要介绍了求职者和招聘人员相互理解的重要性，故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $