Unit 1 Science and Scientists 一轮词汇复习 课件-2026届高三英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists 高三一轮复习 （主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术） 复习模块 主题语境 课标主题语境及内容要求 所对应的教材 模 块 五 人与社会 （文学艺术与体育） 7. 体育活动、大型体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神； 6. 影视、音乐等领域的概况及其发展； 5. 绘画、建筑等领域代表性作品和人物； 4. 小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等； 必修一 U3 Sports and fitness 必修二 U5 Music 选择性必修三 U1 Art 选择性必修三 U5 Poems 选择性必修四 U1 Science fiction 模 块 六 人与社会 （历史/社会与文化） 12. 物质与非物质文化遗产； 8. 不同民族文化习俗与传统节日； 14. 重大政治、历史事件，文化渊源； 15. 社会进步与人类文明； 必修二 U1 Cultural heritage 必修二 U4 History and traditions 必修三 U1 Festivals and celebrations 模 块 七 人与社会 （杰出人物） 9. 对社会有突出贡献的人物； 选择性必修一 U1 People of achievement（P2/8） 选择性必修一 U5 Working the land（P50） 选择性必修二 U1 Science and scientists（P2/7/8） 必修三 U2 Morals and Virtues（P16） 大单元语境下的教材整合模块 高考真题与本单元话题相关 2025新课标I卷阅读理解D篇 自来水中的微塑料污染（microplastic pollution)，中国科研团队研究问题、发现瓶装水微塑料含量高，提出煮沸与降低摄入的方法，展现科学研究与解决方案。 2024年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇 Biodiversity Data Quality and Citizen Science（生物多样性数据质量与公民科学），斯坦福大学Daru团队关于生物多样性观测数据偏差的研究，围绕“问题-分析-建议”的科研逻辑展开，匹配单元“科学探究”主题。 2023年新课标II卷 阅读理解B篇 生态学家John Todd利用自然自净原理研发污水处理系统的经历，体现科学家的好奇心与创新精神，紧扣单元“科学家品质”。 单元知识图谱 3.have sth done 4.until引导的时间状语从句 4 第1课时 词汇与知识点 （会写、会读、会用） 第2课时 课文重点句式与表语从句 （掌握课文要点，通句式，会仿写；掌握表语从句的用法） 第3课时 单元话题写作 （会写与科技相关话题应用文） 课时分配与课时目标 第一课时 词汇与知识点复习 1.极为恶劣/严重的;严厉的 2.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的 3.最终地;彻底地 4.相互矛盾的;对立的 5.感染;传染 6.使感染;传染 7.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的 8.认购(股份);定期订购 9.同意;赞同 10.证据;证明;检验 11.数量多的;多种多样的 12.家庭;同住一所房子的人 13.怀疑;可疑对象 14.把…归咎于;责怪;指责 15.把手;拉手;柄,处理; 操纵 16.介入;出面;干涉 17.联系;纽带 18.未煮的;生的; 19.干净的;纯的;纯粹的 20.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的 21.减少;降低;减少量 22.幸亏;由于 23.统计数字/资料;统计学 24.使改观;使改变形态 25.思想;思维;见解 26.蛋白质 27.细胞;小房间;单间牢房 28.病毒 29.发现;调查结果;判決 30.最初的;开始的;第一的 31.理论框架 32.可靠的;固体的;坚实的 33.投射;投以(视线笑容);投掷 34.阴影;影子;背光处 35.彩虹 36.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料) 37.混凝士；混凝土制的;具体的 38.突然开始;爆发 39.保卫;防守;辩解 40.助理;助手 41.主管;掌管 42.领导;领导地位; 43.追溯;追踪 n.痕迹;遗迹 44.优秀的;杰出的;明显的 45.有天赋的; 天资聪慧的 46.患(病);染上(小病) 47.抽象的;理性的n.摘要 48.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的 49.概念;观念 50.除…之外;而且;此外 51.聪颖的; 明亮的 52.最重要的是;尤其是 53.改变;转换;轮班 54.弱点；过错 5 分 钟 单 词 默 写 1. severe 2. frustrated 3. once and for all 4. contradictory 5. infection 6. infect 7. vivid 8. subscribe 9. subscribe to 10. proof 11. multiple 12. household 13. suspect 14. blame 15. handle 16. Intervention 17. link 18. raw 19. pure 20. substantial 21. decrease 22. thanks to 23. statistic 24. transform 25. thinking 26. protein 27. cell 28. virus 29. finding 30. initial 31. theoretical framework 32. solid 33. cast 34. shadow 35. rainbow 36. pour 37. concrete 38. breakout 39. defend 40. assistant 41. in charge of 42. leadership 43. trace 44. outstanding 45. gifted 46. come down with 47. abstract 48. steady 49. concept 50. besides 51. brilliant 52. above all 53. shift 54. fault 2 分 钟 核 对 Since the severe disease broke out, many people all over the world 1. ____________ (infect). The specialists in epidemiology who are outstanding, gifted and patriotic along with their assistants have been 2. _______ charge of tracing the source of the virus in order to defend more people from 3. ___________ (kill). They desired to produce vaccine to handle the deadly disease once and for all. Initially, with concrete proof collected, they suspected that wild bats were 4. ___________ (blame). But by observing the virus with microscopes, they gathered solid and multiple statistics and mastered the framework of the virus, which 5. __________ (gradual) transformed their initial contradictory thinking. All the findings made them subscribe to the idea that the virus was not directly linked to the bats, which made the brilliant experts 6. ______________ (frustrate). This also cast a shadow on the experts, so they had to shift towards 7. _______ to prevent the virus from spreading among people. Above all, the less we go out, the less likely we will come down with the deadly disease.Furthermore, taking in more protein and eating more vegetables are good 8. _______ (choose) as well. Last but not least, what we should do is that we must wear masks outdoors. Thanks to these interventions, the threat of the disease saw a substantial decrease. The disease has taught us to lead 9._____ healthy life such as drinking pure or boiled water and avoiding raw foods. Most importantly, we should have faith in our government, under 10. __________ leadership we have achieved steady success. 语境串记 have been infected in being killed to blame gradually frustrated how choices a whose 要点回顾 1.decrease: 减少到……;减少了……；在……方面下降; 正在减少;同义词和反义词 2.suspect：怀疑某人(做)某事；怀疑某人/某物为……；怀疑……;对……起疑心 3.blame：(对某事)负有责任, 应受责备；因某事责备某人; 把某事归咎于某人；把某事归咎于某人/某事 4.defend：保护……免受……；保护;为了保卫;(为……)辩护；adj. 防御的,戒备的 5.come down with：come down to；come across ；come around/round；come about；come up；come up with 6.above all: after all; first of all; all in all; in all; at all 1.decrease ①But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130,000 ___ around 10,000, it also meant less food for the cats. ②Because of human activities,the number of some rare animals is ____ the decrease. ③Compared with last year, the price of wheat has decreased ____ 15% this year. 2.suspect ①What she said sounded convincing, but I suspected it ______ (be)a lie.  ②Darwin __________ (suspect)that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before. ③He was suspected ___ stealing the ring at the party last night, and the police were looking into the matter. 3.blame ①A spokesman said that bad weather was partly _________(blame) for the delay.  ②The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise __________ (blame) on humans.  ③Don’t always blame your own failure ____ others.You should bear the blame ____ failure. 4.defend ①It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend her child _________ harm and danger. ②She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if ___ defence. ③Many martial arts were invented because people needed to defend ___________(they) or protect others. ④In addition to blogging,taking photos and writing articles about the reef,he made a number of appearances on television to argue in favour of its ________(defend). ⑤The dam was built to defend the road from _____________(wash) away by the sea.  5.come down with ①Since my grandfather came down _____ the disease, we have taken turns to care for him. ②He would come ____ and pat me on the shoulder, insisting smilingly,“Let me explain why.” ③Shelly-Ann,a little woman with a big smile,has a mental toughness that did not come ______ by chance. ④I liked traveling in France,but when it came ___ picking my favorite spot to settle, Italy was the clear winner. 6.带all的短语填空 The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University.____________,you’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come. _________,you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances._________,studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy ______.  一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1. shift A. vi. 挪动；B. vt. 推卸，转移；C. n. 轮班； D. vt. 改变（观点或态度等） (1) The thought of working night shifts put her off becoming a nurse. (2) He tried to shift the blame for his mistakes onto his colleagues. (3) Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted over the past 50 years. (4) It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷) C B D A 2. subscribe to A. 同意；赞成；B. 把……捐赠给……；C. 订购 (1) He subscribes to the view that children can benefit from being independent. (2) Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day so she subscribed to the 21st Century. (3) Many people subscribed money to the education fund. 3. 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 (1) The research lacks solid proof, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful. (2) She always seems to be cast in the same sort of role. (3) He read through the papers and made an abstract of their contents. (4) Over twenty prisoners were crushed into a small dark cell. (5) The government needs to pump more money into community care. A C B 可靠的；确凿的 分配（角色）；选派 摘要；概要 牢房；小房间 投入；注入 用decrease、suspect、blame、defend写以下句子 1.据报道，由于智能手机的问世，看杂志的人数在减少。（应用文写作之网络科技) 2.当我们开始窃窃私语时,她皱起了眉头,向我们投来怀疑的目光。(读后续写之动作描写) 3.由于被指责考试没考好，女孩忍不住掩面痛哭。（读后续写之情绪描写） 4.看到这条凶猛的蛇,他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。 (读后续写之动作描写) It is reported that the number of people reading magazines is decreasing due to the appearance of smartphones. When we started whispering, he frowned and cast a suspicious glance at us. Blamed for failing the exam, the girl couldn't help crying with her face covered. Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed over like an arrow to defend his son. 课后巩固 完成作业纸一基础练习及 总复习手册168页高考探究 第二课时 课文与重点句式 I.拓展词汇 1. 　　　　adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→　　　　　 adv.严重地；严格地；严厉地  2. 　　　　　 adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→　　　　　　 vt.使懊丧;使懊恼  3. 　　　　　　　adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的→　　　　　　 vt.反驳;相矛盾  4. 　　　　vt.使感染；传染→　　　　　　 n.感染；传染  5. 　　　 n.证据；证明；检验→　　　　　 v.证明；被发现是 6. 　　　　　adj.数量多的;多种多样的→　　　　　 v.乘;乘以;成倍增加  7. 　　　　__　n.介入;出面;干涉→　　　_　　 vi.介入;干涉  8. 　　　　　vt.使改观;使改变形态vi.改变;转变→________　　　 　 n.转化 severe severely frustrated frustrate contradictory contradict infect infection proof prove multiple multiply intervention intervene transform transformation 9.　　　　　n.思想；思维；见解→ 　　　　 v.想；考虑→ 　　　　 n.思想者；思考者 →　　　　　 n.想法  10. 　　　　n.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决→　　　　 vt.找到；发现  11. 　　　　adj.最初的 开始的; 第一的→　　　　 adv.起初  12.　　_　　 n.机械师;机械修理工→　　　　　　 adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的  13.　　　　vt.保卫;防守;辩解→ 　　　　 n.防卫→　　　　　 adj.防御的  14. 　　　　n.助理;助手→　　　　 vt.& vi.帮助;协助;援助→　　　　　　 n.帮助;援助  15. 　　　___　n.领导;领导地位;领导才能→　　　 vi.& vt.领导;导致→　　　　　 ______ n.领导者;首领→　　　　 adj.领先的;主要的 thinking think thinker thought finding find initial initially mechanic mechanical defend defence defensive assistant assist assistance leadership lead leader leading 佳句背诵 1. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat Cholera. 作为一位年轻医生，约翰斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。 2. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。 3. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 这位妇女似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水，以至于她每天都让人把水送到她家。 大声朗读背诵；注意红色字体 佳句背诵 4. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 因此，他把水泵的把手拆掉，这样水泵就不能用了。 5. Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 也许再没有哪位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。 6. Once the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bang theory―and not the steady state theory―was true. 一旦数学被修正，它表明大爆炸理论，而不是稳态理论， 是正确的。 大声朗读背诵；注意红色字体 1. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat Cholera. (疑问词+to do) 2. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. （so...that...） After that we never talked about Theresa or the night I was mad at her for being Theresa’s friend. But I know because of that night, something inside me changed and __________________________________(我学会了如何正确对待他人). 佳句仿写 I learned how to treat others properly He was_________________ (如此害怕以至于) his knees were knocking. so frightened that _____________________________________________(我为考试紧张得睡不着觉).(倒装句) So nervous was I about my exams that I couldn’t sleep 3. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. (have sth. done) 4. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. (so that 引导目的状语从句) I intended to take up a part-time job, through which I can __________________ _________ (开阔我的视野). have my horizons 佳句仿写 broadened You should try to spend some time doing sports every day _________________ ______________ (以便你能保持健康和活力). so that you can keep fit and energetic 5. Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. (否定词+比较级) 6. Once the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bang theory―and not the steady state theory―was true. 佳句仿写 _____________________________________ (没有什么比健康更重要). ____________________________ (一旦她下了决心), nothing can change it. Nothing is more important than good health Once she has made up her mind As far as I am concerned, ___________________________________ (没有什么比旅行更令人愉快的了). nothing is more pleasant than travelling 重点句式结构点播讲解： 1、“疑问词十不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语或双重宾语等成分。 ①We haven‘t decided where to go.我们还没有决定去哪里。(作宾语) ②My question is where to find the answer.我的问题是在哪里能找到答案。(作表语) ③How to overcome the present difficulties made him anxious.如何克服当前的困难使他焦虑。(作主语） 2、(1) have/get+宾语+done”结构 done是过去分词作宾语补足语。包括两层意思: a.让别人去做某事 ① He will have/get the computer repaired tomorrow.他明天让人给他修电脑。 b.(主语)遭受到(意外的损失或不幸) ② He had his computer stolen the other day.前几天他的电脑被偷了。 (2)have sth.to do 表示“有某事要做”,不定式作定语。 Do you have anything important to do today? (3)have sb.do sth. “让某人做某事” The teacher had the students finish the exercise in ten minutes. (4)have十宾语+doing sth.“让某人或某物持续某种状态 It's cold. We should have the fire burning all the time. 3、until引导的时间状语从句 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome. (P2)在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 ①Everything was going smoothly_____Jeff started frying the bread.(2021.新高考I卷） ②She went upstairs and did not reappear ______ her mother asked her to have dinner. ③It was not until I settled down and lived in Beijing _____ I had a chance to pay a visit to the Great Wall. 课文中的表语从句 1. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. 2. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. 3. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 4. The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. 在复合句中作表语的从句叫做表语从句。位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释说明。一般结构是：“主语+系动词+表语从句”。表语从句必须用陈述语序。 e.g. The question is who broke the vase. My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. Predicative Clauses ( 表语从句) 常见的系动词有： 1.状态系动词：be 动词; 2.感官系动词：look/ feel/ smell/ taste/ sound等； 3.变化系动词：get/ become/ turn/ grow/ fall/ grow等 4.持续系动词：remain/ stay/ keep（仍然） 5.表象系动词：seem/appear（似乎，好像） 6.终止系动词：prove/ turn out(结果是，证明是) 表语从句的引导词 连接词 连词 在从句中不作成分 that, whether, as if, as though, because … 连接代词 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语 what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever … 连接副词 在从句中作状语 when, where, how, why … 表语从句要点归纳 1. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。 e.g. One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure. 2. that引导表语从句时,仅起连接作用 。 ①无意义　②不充当成分 ③不可省略 e.g. The trouble is that I have lost his address. The reason for his absence is that he hasn't been informed. 3. whether引导表语从句时，起连接作用， ①有“是否”之意　②不充当成分 注意： if 不能引导表语从句 e.g. The question is whether your uncle will offer help to us. 4. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，本身具有词义。 e.g. My hometown is no longer what it used to be. The problem is who we can get to replace her. 表语 宾语 a (a) - 5. 连接副词where, when, why, how等除在句中起连接作用，在从句中还充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语，本身具有词义。 e.g. The question is when they will start the project. The question is how he did it. 时间状语 方式状语 6. 表语从句的特殊句式： the reason why ...is that...。。。的原因是。。（定从；表从） That is because ... 那是因为。。。（表从，表原因或理由） That is why ... 那就是。。的原因（表从，表结果） e.g. 1)The reason why he didn’t come is that he didn’t recieve the invitation. 2）Bruce did not watch the game last night. That was because he had to help his little sister with her homework. 3）Bob had seen the film before. That was why he did not see it yesterday. 即学即练 1.The trouble is I have lost his address. 2.The question is they will go by plane or by train. 3.It sounds someone is knocking at the door. 4.This is the weather here is cold and wet. 5.That's Tony got angry with me. 6.He has become he wanted to be ten years ago. 7.The question is we can find the suitable man for the job. that whether as if / though because why what how 36 Tears of sadness poured down my cheeks. This was _________ I failed the English exam. It seemed ________I were thrown into the world of hopelessness. The key problem was ______I completely lost confidence. Luckily, my English teacher’s suggestion was that I should memorize more words. The most important was ________I could apply what I learnt to practice. Gradually, a smile appeared on my face again. because as if/though that how 语序： 陈述 语序(主谓 ) 连词： 与主语从句的一样，多了as if/as though, because 课后巩固 完成作业纸二 第三课时 单元话题写作 课前背诵（教材美句） 1.Born in Shanghai in 1911,Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.(人物描写) 2.Nevertheless,Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge.(情感描写) 3.On 31 October 2009,the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death.(拟人) 4.Besides being brilliant,he was brave,though sometimes careless in what he said or did.(人物描写) 5.He was willing to say what others were afraid to say,and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.(排比) 读后续语料运用 Knowing Qian Xuesen 1._____________________________________________(决心回国),the authorities of the US boiled with anger.They couldn’t allow 2._____________________ (这样一个才华横溢的天才)to leave, 3._______________________________(这让他勃然大怒). Nevertheless, Qian did not let that 4.________________(使他丧气)and gave up all he had achieved in America. He wisely fought with the US and after overcoming many difficulties, he managed to return to China in 1955. His return 5._____________(照亮了) China’s rocket science and 6.____________________(在他的领导下), China developed the Dongfeng missiles. was determined to return to his motherland such a brilliant genius which made him flame with anger discourage him cast a light on under his leadership 应用文增分练——科学精神 假定你是李华，近日你校举办了以“科学之美”为主题的科学节（science festival）。请你根据以下要点，给你的外国朋友Peter写一封信介绍活动。 内容包括： 1. 举办时间； 2. 活动内容； 3. 师生反响。 介绍信 para1. How is everything going?I’m writing to tell you... （开门见山） para2. (1)活动内容、持续时间、参与人员 (2)师生反响、活动评价 para3. 结语与期待 1. 我写信是想告诉你，上周我们学校举办了一个以“科学之美”为主题的科学节，目的是提高学生对科学的认识。（that引导宾语从句） 2. 我们仿佛沉浸在科学的王国中，享受着科学的盛宴。(It seems that...) 3. 这个节日持续了几乎一整天，直到标志着最后一节课结束的铃声响起。（until引导时间状语从句；现在分词短语作后置定语） 4. 既激动又兴奋，不仅学生，而且一些老师也积极参与其中。（形容词短语作状语；not only...but also） 5. 这个科学节如此吸引人，以至于所有参与者都给予了高度评价，并希望这样的活动能经常举办。（so...that...的倒装结构） 1. I'm writing to tell you that our school held a science festival themed "The Beauty of Science" last week, aiming to raise students' awareness of science. 2. It seemed that we were immersed in the kingdom of science and enjoying a feast of science. 3. The festival lasted almost the whole day until the bell marking the end of the last class rang out. 4. Excited and thrilled, not only the students but also some teachers took an active part in it. 5. So attractive was the science festival that all the participants spoke highly of it and hoped that such activities could be held regularly. Dear Peter, How is everything going these days? I'm writing to tell you that our school held a science festival themed "The Beauty of Science" last week, with the purpose of raising students' awareness of science. During the festival, a series of fascinating lectures on advanced technology and displays of various scientific works created by us students were arranged. It seems that we were immersed in the kingdom of science and enjoying a feast of science. The festival lasted almost the whole day until the bell marking the end of the last class rang out. Excited and thrilled, not only the students but also some teachers took an active part in it. So attractive was the science festival that all the participants spoke highly of it and hoped that such activities could be held regularly. That’s all about the activity. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua Thank you! $