课时作业(22) 选择性必修第二册 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS（Word练习）-【优化指导】2026年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（人教版）

课时作业(二十二) 选择性必修第二册　UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS (限时20分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·广西桂林模拟) The Best Computer Science Competitions for Students Bebras Bebras is a computing competition where each participant gets 45 minutes to answer 15 multiple­choice questions on computational and logical thinking.Students complete the challenge at school，and they can track how their computer science skills grow over time. Eligibility(资格) requirements：Any teacher can sign their students up for the competition. Prizes：Your teacher can print certificates with your level of achievement. Congressional App Challenge In this computer science competition，individual students or groups of up to four design an app.The app can be created using any programming language and platform，and it can be on any theme or topic. Eligibility requirements：You must be a middle or high school student in a participating district. Prizes：Winning apps are qualified to be displayed in the US Capitol Building and featured on the House of Representatives' website.Winners are also invited to attend a reception on Capitol Hill and may be awarded additional sponsor prizes. International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI) Each country sends a group of four students，who compete individually，to the two­day international competition.American students must win the USACO competition (see below) to be chosen to participate. Eligibility requirements：You must be secondary school students who win your national competition. Prizes：IOI officially only gives medals to the winners.However，the real prize is being able to write down “IOI winner” when you apply to a college，which will give you a big advantage in most top Science，Technology，Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) college programs. USA Computing Olympiad (USACO) This well­known and well­regarded competition tests skills in areas such as programming problems that can be solved using various programming languages.Students compete in three online contests，plus a national “US Open” competition.From these results，the top 24 or so scorers are invited to a training camp in the early summer.At the end of the camp，the top four participants are invited to attend IOI (see above). Eligibility requirements：You must be a middle school or high school student in the US. Prizes：Top four participants go on to compete at IOI. 1．Which competition is open to any student? A．Bebras. B．USA Computing Olympiad. C．Congressional App Challenge. D．International Olympiad in Informatics. 2．What is special about Congressional App Challenge? A．Participants must be guided by teachers. B．An app can focus on more than one topic. C．It allows participants to compete as a team. D．Participants must win the USACO competition. 3．What prize can an International Olympiad in Informatics winner get? A．A job offer from a website. B．An invitation to Capitol Hill. C．A chance to compete at Bebras. D．An addition to the college application. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个面向学生的计算机科学竞赛。 1．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据Bebras部分中的“Eligibility requirements：Any teacher can sign their students up for the competition.”可知，任何学生都可以参加Bebras竞赛。故选A。 2．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据Congressional App Challenge部分中的“In this computer science competition，individual students or groups of up to four design an app.”可知，Congressional App Challenge 竞赛的特殊之处在于允许学生以团队形式参赛。故选C。 3．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI) 部分中的“Prizes：IOI officially only gives medals to the winners.However，the real prize is being able to write down ‘IOI winner’ when you apply to a college，which will give you a big advantage in most top Science，Technology，Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) college programs.”可知，IOI的获胜者可以将这个称号写在大学申请里。故选D。 B (2025·辽宁沈阳模拟)Scientists have known for years that plants respond to sounds around them.For example，flowers make sweeter nectar(花蜜) to the sound of buzzing bees.But now scientists in Israel have shown that plants also seem to be doing some “talking”． Professor Lilach Hadany and her team at Tel Aviv University set up microphones to record tomato and tobacco plants under different conditions.Their recordings revealed that the plants made ultrasonic sounds(超声波). It's not clear how the plants make the sounds.One idea is that air bubbles form inside the plant's stem，and that these popping bubbles make a clicking sound.It's also not clear if the plants are making the sounds on purpose.Sometimes people's knees creak，too，but they're not doing it on purpose. But the plants are definitely making noise，and creating much more noise when they're stressed than when they're not. In fact，the researchers trained an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system to identify the different kinds of clicking sounds.The system was able to tell the difference between plants that needed water and plants with cuts about 70% of the time. The result suggests that researchers may one day be able to use a plant's sounds to figure out when it is having trouble，and what trouble it is having.They hope that could be very helpful to farmers. The new discovery raises many more questions.One important question is：Do plants make sounds to communicate with each other? Other research has shown that plants do seem to communicate in some ways.Plants being attacked by insects send chemicals into the air.Soon，nearby plants that haven't been attacked yet start to make other chemicals that don't taste good to insects.It's possible that the ultrasonic sounds could work in a similar way. Another big question is：Is anything listening to the plants？Dr.Hadany points out that mice and moths，for example，depend on plants，and can hear ultrasonic frequencies.The clicks may tell these animals when a plant isn't healthy，so they can avoid it. The team's research has already changed our ideas about plants.As Dr.Hadany says，“Even in a quiet field，there are actually sounds that we don't hear，and those sounds carry information.” 4．Why does the author mention flowers in Paragraph 1? A．To prove plants can hear the sounds. B．To show plants make ultrasonic sounds. C．To make a comparison with other plants. D．To arouse the readers' interest in the text. 5．How do the plants possibly communicate with each other? A．The plants convey information by touch. B．The attacked plants make ultrasonic sounds. C．The attacked plants send poor­taste chemicals. D．The wind blows the odor of the attacked plants. 6．What's the purpose of the researchers? A．To prove plants can talk. B．To make a new discovery. C．To promote plants' better growth. D．To have more knowledge of plants. 7．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Plants “Talk” B．Amazing Plants C．Ultrasonic “Dances” D．Wonderful Sounds 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家发现植物能够通过超声波进行“交流”，并且这种交流可能对农业有所帮助。 4．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Scientists have known for years that plants respond to sounds around them.For example，flowers make sweeter nectar to the sound of buzzing bees.”可知，作者提到花朵是为了证明植物能听到声音。故选A。 5．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Plants being attacked by insects send chemicals into the air.Soon，nearby plants that haven't been attacked yet start to make other chemicals that don't taste good to insects.It's possible that the ultrasonic sounds could work in a similar way.”可知，被攻击的植物会发出超声波来进行交流。故选B。 6．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第六段中的“The result suggests that researchers may one day be able to use a plant's sounds to figure out when it is having trouble，and what trouble it is having.”可知，研究人员的目的是促进植物更好地生长。故选C。 7．A　[解析]标题概括题。根据第一段中的“But now scientists in Israel have shown that plants also seem to be doing some ‘talking’．”可知，文章主要讲述了科学家发现植物能够通过超声波进行“交流”，并且这种交流可能对农业有所帮助。所以“植物‘会交流’”能概括文章的主题。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五阅读 (2025·辽宁大连模拟) Personal Development for Teens Teenagers may face many challenges unique to them.Below are some steps to help you evolve and be a better person in your teens. Learn new skills Sometimes，a side­skill you have gained along the way turns out the very thing that creates an opportunity for success.1.______ You shouldn't be forced to determine your future based on your grades and choices in high school，so learning new skills will definitely come in handy later. Try to socialize more 2．______ Wherever you go and whatever you do，the ability to blend in and communicate with others can save you in tough times.Socializing，making friends，and forming healthy relationships can help you learn things you could never find out on your own. Have a better lifestyle Your lifestyle forms your character，and the way you live defines who you are.3.______ On the other hand，having an unhealthy lifestyle may disturb you，put you under stress，and eventually harm you in the most unbelievable ways. Take care of your health Without health，it is almost impossible to enjoy life to its fullest.Money，grades，or events are replaceable; your health is not.And while it is very important to maintain good physical health，we cannot forget about our mental health.4.______ Embrace positivity Try to avoid people who ruin everything with negativity and befriend those who give you positive vibes(感应).5.______ How can you improve yourself if your surroundings keep telling you that changing for the better is useless？Stay away from negative people quickly because they can never see the light in the darkness. Every teenager should be taught and reminded of ways to improve themselves so that they can see a clearer picture of their future. A．Grasping new skills is an easy job. B．You need people who make you feel good about life. C．Force yourself to socialize—even if you don't want to. D．Proper communication is crucial if you want to be a better person. E．Our mind is just as important，and we should give it the same amount of attention. F．Also，when you are in your teens，you hardly know what you want to do with your life. G．When you're at peace with how you live your days，you can focus on improving yourself. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年更好地应对挑战的方法。 1．F　[解析]根据本段小标题Learn new skills可知，下面要说跟“学习新技能”有关的话题。根据本空上下文内容可知，本句要说明学习新技能的原因，故F项“此外，当你十几岁的时候，你几乎不知道你想做什么”承上启下，符合题意。故选F。 2．D　[解析]根据本段小标题Try to socialize more可知，下面要说跟“社交”有关的话题。根据下文“Wherever you go and whatever you do，the ability to blend in and communicate with others can save you in tough times.”可知，本句要表达沟通的能力，故D项“如果你想成为一个更好的人，适当的沟通是至关重要的”承上启下，符合题意。故选D。 3．G　[解析]根据本段小标题Have a better lifestyle可知，下面要说跟“生活方式”有关的话题。根据下文“On the other hand，having an unhealthy lifestyle may disturb you，put you under stress，and eventually harm you in the most unbelievable ways.”可知，本句要表达健康的生活方式的好处，才能与下文不健康的生活方式形成对比。故G项“当你的生活方式让你感到平静时，你就可以专注于提高自己”承上启下，符合题意。故选G。 4．E　[解析]根据上文“And while it is very important to maintain good physical health，we cannot forget about our mental health.”可知，下面要说心理健康也同样重要，故E项“我们的心理也同样重要，我们应该给予它同样的关注”承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 5．B　[解析]根据本空上下文内容可知，下面要说和那些给你积极氛围的人交朋友有什么好处，并且与消极的人的影响形成对比。故B项“你需要那些让你对生活感觉良好的人”承上启下，符合题意。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$