专题07 知识点结构化复习与题型强化（名词）-2026年中考英语系统化复习讲练（浙江专用）

2026年中考英语系统化复习讲练（浙江专用） 专题07 知识点结构化复习与题型强化（名词） 目录清单 第一部分 核心知识清单知识结构化 高效复习 第二部分 要点强化训练练习深度化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 核心知识结构化清单 名词的分类 分类方式 类别 核心定义与说明 示例 按词汇意义 专有名词 特指特定的人、地、机构等，首字母大写，通常不加冠词 Linda, China, the Great Wall, WTO 普通名词（泛指一类人或事物） 个体名词 表示可数的单个对象，为可数名词 student, apple, book 集体名词 表示一群人或事物的集合，动词单复数依语境而定（整体→单数，成员→复数） family, team, army, people 物质名词 表示物质或材料，通常不可数 water, wood, sand, coffee 抽象名词 表示情感、状态、概念等抽象内容，通常不可数 hope, dream, freedom, information 按语法特征 可数名词 有单复数形式，可直接用数词修饰 a book, two books 不可数名词 无复数形式，需借助量词（如 a piece of, a cup of）表达数量 a piece of news, two bottles of milk 名词的数（变化规则） 类型 规则说明 示例 规则变化 1. 一般情况 词尾加 -s book → books, map → maps 2. s/x/sh/ch结尾 词尾加 -es box → boxes, watch → watches 3. 辅音字母+y结尾 变 y 为 i 再加 -es city → cities, family → families 4. f/fe 结尾 变 f/fe 为 v 加 -es knife → knives, leaf → leaves 5. o 结尾 - 有生命（人或动物）：加 -es - 无生命：加 -s hero → heroes, tomato → tomatoes photo → photos, piano → pianos 不规则变化 1. 元音变化 oo → ee foot → feet, tooth → teeth a → e man → men, woman → women 2. 词尾加 -ren child → children child → children 3. 特殊变化 无规律，需记忆 mouse → mice, ox → oxen 4. 单复数同形 复数形式与单数相同 sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese 5. 仅用复数形式 没有单数形式，常以复数出现 trousers, glasses, clothes, scissors 名词的数（特殊用法） 情况描述 说明 示例 物质名词变复数（意义变化） 复数形式表示“多种”或“多处” sand → sands（多处沙滩） water → waters（多处水域） coffee → two coffees（两杯咖啡） 抽象名词变复数 表示具体实例或多种情况 hope → hopes（多种希望） experience → experiences（多次经历） 集体名词的个体化 使用对应个体名词表达数量 machinery → machines furniture → a piece of furniture / tables and chairs poetry → poems luggage → bags/trunks 名词的所有格 类型 适用对象 构成方式 注意事项 ’s 所有格 有生命的名词、时间、距离、国家等 单数名词：+ ’s（Mike → Mike’s book） 复数名词（以s结尾）：+ ’（students → students’ desks） 复数不规则名词：+ ’s（men → men’s room） 共同拥有：仅最后一个加 ’s（Mary and Lucy’s house） 各自拥有：每个都加 ’s（Mary’s and Lucy’s books） 不可用于无生命事物（错误：the desk’s leg） of 所有格 多用于无生命的名词 名词 + of + 名词 → a map of China, the leg of the desk 常用于描述位置、组成关系 双重所有格 强调“其中之一”或“部分所属” a + 名词 + of + 名词性物主代词/人称所有格 → a friend of mine, a photo of my father’s of 后不可接形容词性物主代词（错误：a book of my） 名词的词形转换 转换方向 构词规则 示例 名词 → 形容词 1. 加 -y（注意去e或双写） health → healthy, sun → sunny, noise → noisy 2. 加 -ful（部分变y为i） beauty → beautiful, help → helpful, care → careful 3. 加 -al（部分去e） nation → national, culture → cultural, nature → natural 4. 加 -less care → careless, hope → hopeless, fear → fearless 5. 加 -ly friend → friendly, love → lovely 6. 加 -en wood → wooden, wool → woolen 7. 加 -ous danger → dangerous, courage → courageous 名词 → 副词 通常先转为形容词，再加 -ly success → successful → successfully care → careful → carefully 少数直接转换 straight（既是形容词也是副词） ◇Part 02 题型深度化拓展训练 一、单词拼写 1．The book tells us a lot about the ________ (brave) of the common people during the war. 2．She wrote down her true ________ (feel) about the book in her reading journal. 3．The Thames Barrier is an important flood ________ (defend) system in the UK. 4．The _________ (value) of the discovery is very high. 5．With the ________ (develop) of technology, our life is easier. 6．We take ________ (proud) in our traditional culture. 7．Yuan Longping is a great Chinese ________ (science). 8．The ________ (invent) spent all his life making new things. 9．Some ________ (mouse) ran across the floor. 10．For a race team, teamwork is the key to _______ (succeed). 11．If she has any questions, she will search online for a quick ________ (answer). 12．The soldiers receive________ (train) every day to keep strong. 13．If you are brave enough to face ________ (fail), you will be closer to your dream. 14．He has strong ________ (create) and often comes up with new ideas. 15．Painting every day is a small effort, but over time it will bring you a great sense of ________ (achieve). 16．As a ______ (manage), she is responsible for interviewing some new people from her company. 17．The ________ (wide) of the street is about 20 meters. 18．The ________ (die) of the old man made everyone in the village very sad. 19．The organization will provide special ________ (train) for the new volunteers. 20．The ________ (deep) of the ocean in this area is over 8,000 meters, making it one of the deepest places on Earth. 21．My aunt has a bad ________ (tooth) and needs to go to the dentist. 22．The ________ (similar) in their appearance make them look like twins. 23．________ (communicate) makes people closer. 24．I can see two _______(potato) on the table. 25．Many teenagers have much ________ (difficult) communicating with others properly. 26．Our head teacher often tells us the ________(mean) of making plans. 27．They made a ________ (decide) to help each other. 28．Human ________ (active) can bring about natural disasters. 29．The ________ (important) of protecting wetlands is taught in our school. 30．We are trying to find ways to reduce air ________ (pollute) in big cities. 二、单项选择 31．The N4A in Yancheng is well worth ________ because we can have a ________ of rich culture. A．visiting; look B．a visit; taste C．visiting; gift D．visit; praise 32．—How ________ the street is! I can’t even hear myself talking. —The construction site next door is making too much ________. A．noisy; noise B．noise; noisy C．noisy; noisy D．noise; noise 33．—What are you doing, Dan? —I’m surfing the Internet. There is ________ that I’ve never heard of. A．some messages B．a lot of information C．many pieces of news D．lots of informations 34．According to the new reform in ________, the school has made it ________ must to offer students interesting activities during the 15-minute break. A．education; a B．social; / C．educational; a D．social; the 35．The lake is about 50 metres in ________. A．deep B．deeper C．deepest D．depth 36．—I am afraid I have to give up my drawing hobby. I have made ________ in the past few months. —________ practise more, and you’ll be better. A．little progress; Why not B．much progress; Why don’t C．few progresses; How about D．great progresses; Why not to 37．Max followed his teacher’s ________. A．advice B．advices C．advise D．advises 38．Deer move their tails to show ________. A．happy B．angry C．fear D．sad 39．________ makes the land useless for farming. A．Desertification B．Desert C．Deserty D．Deserting 40．Learning a new language can keep our ________ active. A．the brain B．brains C．a brain D．brain 41．The doctor is very ________ with his ________, answering all their questions carefully. A．patients; patient B．patient; patients C．patiently; patience D．patience; patient 42．There are three ________ in our class. A．German B．Germen C．Germans D．Germany 43．She works for a local ________. A．charity B．charitable C．charitably D．chariness 44．You need to have enough ________ when waiting for others. A．patience B．patient C．kindness D．politeness 45．The doctor has been very ________ with his ________, answering all their questions ________. A．patients; patient; patiently B．patient; patients; patiently C．patiently; patience; patient D．patience; patiently; patient 46．I often get lots of ______ from my teacher. She often _______ me to study hard. A．advice; advises B．advises; advises C．advise; advices D．advise; advice 47．The boy’s ________ tells others the answer. A．act B．action C．active D．actor 48．—Where is your grandma, Jenny? —Oh, she is in my ________ room. A．brother B．brothers C．brother’s D．brother is 49．We should have ________ in our team members. A．awful B．shy C．confidence D．painful 50．—How do you like the book? —It’s very educational. It has enriched my ________. A．knowledge B．knowledges C．knowledgeable D．knew 51．The jump rope can’t belong to ________. ________ is in her schoolbag. A．Mary; Hers B．Mary’s; Her C．Mary’s; Hers D．Mary; Her 52．The runner was still 30 metres from the ________ line when she got a sudden burst of energy. A．finish B．finishing C．finished D．finishes 53．—Why do people living near mountains have different living habits from those living by the sea? —That’s easy to understand if you learn ________ well at school. A．geography B．physics C．chemistry D．history 54．Good eating ________ help us stay strong. A．habit B．habits C．a habit D．habites 55．They insisted that the Belt and Road marked the ________of a new era of our country’s development. A．end B．ending C．begin D．beginning 56．The book’s interesting ________ made all the readers think deeply. A．conclusion B．abroad C．opportunity D．acquire 57．Please write your answers on a ________ of paper and hand it in. A．stage B．sheet C．clue D．costume 58．The detective found an important ________ that helped him solve the mystery. A．costume B．clue C．poetry D．conclusion 59．The main ________ of the passage is about how to protect the environment, and the ________ is easy to understand. A．theme; text B．text; theme C．reason; result D．result; reason 60．—I don’t know how to start my book report. —You’d better read the ________ and then write down your feelings. A．reviews B．reasons C．results D．rewards 三、完成句子 61．我们应该学习伟大发明和发现的历史。 We should ________ the ________ of great ________ and ________. 62．研究也表明，娱乐活动能拉近人与人之间的距离。 ________ also ________ ________ fun brings people closer. 63．娱乐可以消除不良情绪、提振精神。 Fun can ________ ________ ________ bad feelings and ________ ________ ________. 64．马克斯不喜欢记笔记，所以他数学考试得了低分。 Max didn’t like to ________ ________, so he ________ ________ ________ ________ in the maths test. 65．我以前从不喜欢科学，直到我上了你的课。 I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ your class. 66．它已经崛起成为世界上重要的科技工业中心。 It has ________ ________ become an ________ center for ________ industries in the world. 67．你的故事可以基于一篇新闻报道或一次真实生活经历。 Your story can either be ________ ________ a news report or a real-life ________. 68．参加文化交流活动对于中学生来说是很重要的。 It’s important for middle school students to join in the ________ ________ activities. 69．这次志愿者支教活动给了孩子们一个了解外面世界的机会。 This volunteer teaching activity gave the children ________ ________ to learn about the outside world. 70．昨天我的朋友跟我讲了一些经常锻炼的好处。 My friend told me about ________ ________ ________ regular exercise yesterday. 四、短文填空 1 阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。 Many young people feel nervous when preparing for a job interview. Don’t worry, I have some 71 (建议) to help you. First, it’s 72 (必要的) for you to prepare your thoughts and materials well, such as your resume and certificates (证书) . A clear plan can help you stay calm. Before the big day, it’s a good idea to join a short training course. It can teach you useful 73 (技能) and make you more confident to express yourself 74 (清楚地). You can also ask a friend to practise with you. Don’t be 75 (懒洋洋的), or you will 76 (失败) to get the job. During the interview, good communication is the key. Listen carefully and answer questions politely. You can also show your 77 (领导才能) by talking about a time when you led a team at school. Don’t forget to prepare a short speech about yourself. It should be honest and highlight your strengths. After the interview, send a thank-you email. This will 78 (使想起) the interviewer of you, and a good chance will be 79 (提供) to you. Good 80 (公司) always value polite and well-prepared interviewees. In short, a successful interview will bring great benefits to your future career. 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Hobbies play a very important role in our free time. They help us relax after a busy week of study and make our life more colorful. Chinese calligraphy is one of the 81 (great) traditional hobbies in China, and it’s a wonderful way for students to spend their free time. When we feel tired from doing homework, practicing calligraphy can make us calm down and reduce stress. It’s not just a hobby, but also a chance to learn about Chinese culture. Many students take up calligraphy in their free time, either at school clubs 82 at home with their parents. Some people may think it’s difficult to learn calligraphy, and they are 83 (scary) of trying it at first. But 84 we give it a go, we will find it interesting. We need to use a soft brush and write 85 (careful) on rice paper. Every 86 (strokes) needs patience, and it teaches us to be more careful and focused. So far, I have learnt calligraphy for two years. My teacher often encourages me 87 (practice) every day. I usually practice it with my classmates after school, and sometimes we show our works on stage at school art festivals. It brings me a strong sense of 88 (achieve) and makes my after-school life 89 (meaning). As long as we stick to it and don’t push 90 (our) too hard, we can get better at calligraphy over time. It is a great hobby that not only helps us relax but also passes down our traditional culture. 参考答案 一、 1．bravery 【解析】句意：这本书向我们详细讲述了战争期间普通民众的勇敢。句中“the…of”提示，需用the +名词+ of 结构，表示“……的……”。所给词brave “勇敢的”，形容词，需用名词形式bravery，故填bravery。 2．feelings 【解析】句意：她在读书笔记里写下了她对这本书的真实感受。feel是动词，意为“感觉”； true是形容词，后接名词，feel的名词形式是 feeling，表示“感情、感受”时常用复数feelings。 3．defense 【解析】句意：泰晤士河防洪闸是英国重要的防洪系统。名词“flood”与空处共同修饰名词“system”，需用名词形式，“defend”的名词形式为“defense”，意为“防御”。 4．value 【解析】句意：这个发现的价值非常高。分析句子结构，此处是名词作主语，value“价值”为不可数名词。 5．development 【解析】句意：随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得更加便利。The是定冠词，of是介词，两者之间必须填入名词。需将动词develop变为名词形式development，构成固定短语with the development of...，意为“随着……的发展”。 6．pride 【解析】句意：我们为我们的传统文化感到自豪。take pride in意为“以……为傲、对……感到自豪”，需将形容词proud变为名词pride。 7．scientist 【解析】句意：袁隆平是一位伟大的中国科学家。 冠词“a”后需接一个单数名词指人，“science”的名词形式“scientist”意为“科学家”。 8．inventor 【解析】句意：这位发明家一生都在创造新事物。此处作主语，应使用名词表示“发明家”，invent的名词形式为inventor；根据his可知为单数意义，应用单数形式inventor。故填inventor。 9．mice 【解析】句意：一些老鼠跑过地板。“Some”修饰可数名词时，后需接复数形式。“mouse”的复数形式为不规则变化“mice”。 10．success 【解析】句意：对于一支竞赛队伍来说，团队合作是成功的关键。“the key to...”是固定搭配，其中“to”是介词，后接名词；“succeed”是动词，对应的名词形式是“success”。 11．answer 【解析】句意：如果她有任何问题，她会在线搜索以快速获取答案。不定冠词“a”和形容词“quick”后需接可数名词单数形式。“answer”意为“答案”，符合句意。 12．training 【解析】句意：士兵们每天接受训练以保持强壮。句中receive为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，train的名词形式training表示“训练”，是不可数名词。故填training。 13．failure 【解析】句意：如果你足够勇敢去面对失败，你就会离梦想更近。动词face后接名词作宾语，动词fail的名词形式为failure，不可数名词。 14．creativity 【解析】句意：他有很强的创造力，经常想出新主意。形容词“strong”后需接名词作宾语。“create”的名词形式为“creativity”，意为“创造力”。 15．achievement 【解析】句意：每天画画只是一件很小的努力，但是久而久之，它会给你带来极强的成就感。括号内提示词achieve是动词，意为“实现，达成”；空格位于介词of之后，介词后需要接名词，achieve的名词是achievement，a sense of achievement是常用短语，意为“成就感”。 16．manager 【解析】句意：作为一名经理，她负责面试公司的一些新人。不定冠词“a”后需接可数名词单数形式，表示职业或身份。“manage”的名词形式“manager”符合语境，意为“经理”。 17．width 【解析】句意：这条街道的宽度大约为20米。定冠词“The”和介词“of”之间需用名词作主语。“wide”为形容词，其名词形式“width”意为“宽度”。 18．death 【解析】句意：这位老人的去世让村里的每个人都非常难过。“The…of”表明此处应用名词形式，death“死亡”符合，在句中作主语。 19．training 【解析】句意：这个组织将为新志愿者提供专门的培训。根据句子结构，空处需要填入一个名词，作动词provide的宾语，表示“为新志愿者提供的某种东西”，由此推知所给词train是动词，意为“培训”，其名词形式为training，表示“培训”或“训练活动”，不可数名词。 20．depth 【解析】句意：这片海域的深度超过8000米，这使它成为地球上最深的地方之一。“The ... of the ocean”是句子的主语部分，冠词“The”后需要接名词；deep是形容词，需要变为名词形式depth“深度”。 21．toothache 【解析】句意：我姑姑牙疼得厉害，需要去看牙医。“have a bad toothache”是固定搭配，意为“牙疼得厉害”，此处用名词“toothache”。 22．similarities 【解析】句意：他们外表上的相似之处使他们看起来像双胞胎。句中The后面需要接名词作主语。similar为形容词，其名词形式为similarity相似之处，为可数名词；谓语动词是make，主语应为复数。应填similarities。 23．Communication 【解析】句意：沟通使人更亲近。句子缺少主语，可用名词形式作主语。“communicate”的名词形式为“communication”，意为“沟通，交流”。句首单词首字母需大写。 24．potatoes 【解析】句意：我能看见桌子上有两个土豆。potato是可数名词，意为“土豆”。句中数词two表示复数概念，因此可数名词需用复数形式。potato的复数是potatoes，故填potatoes。 25．difficulty 【解析】句意：许多青少年在正确地与他人交流方面有很大困难。空处为宾语，需要填difficult的对应名词形式difficulty意为“困难”，为不可数名词。 26．meaning 【解析】句意：我们的班主任经常告诉我们制定计划的意义。 根据“the ... (mean) of making plans”可知，定冠词 the 后面需要接名词，mean 的名词形式是 meaning，意为“意义，含义”。故填 meaning。 27．decision 【解析】句意：他们做出了互相帮助的决定。不定冠词“a”后需接可数名词单数形式。“decide”的名词形式为“decision”。“make a decision”为固定搭配，意为“做决定”。 28．activities 【解析】句意：人类活动可能引发自然灾害。形容词“Human”后需接名词作主语。“active”的名词形式为“activity”，意为“活动”，此处泛指人类各种活动，常用复数形式“activities”。 29．importance 【解析】句意：保护湿地的重要性在我们学校被传授。此处位于定冠词The之后、介词of之前，需用名词，important的名词形式是importance。 30．pollution 【解析】句意：我们正试图找到减少大城市空气污染的方法。句中“air”为名词，作定语修饰空格处所填名词，构成“空气污染”这一概念。因此，应将动词pollute转换为名词形式。pollute的名词形式为pollution，意为“污染”，符合句意。 二、 31．B 【解析】句意：盐城的N4A非常值得一游，因为我们可以领略到丰富的文化。 look看；taste体验；gift礼物；praise赞美。be worth (doing) sth.意为“值得（做）某事”，worth后接动名词visiting或者名词短语a visit，排除D；根据“have a...of rich culture”可知，此处考查固定短语have a taste of“领略”，应填a visit；taste。 32．A 【解析】句意：——这条街多吵啊！我甚至听不见自己说话。——隔壁的建筑工地噪音太大了。 noisy吵闹的，形容词；noise噪音，名词。第一句为how引导的感叹句，结构为“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”，空格处需要形容词作表语修饰street，因此第一空填noisy；第二空中too much后接不可数名词，空格处需要名词作宾语，因此第二空填noise。 33．B 【解析】句意：——你在做什么，丹？——我在上网。网上有很多我从未听说过的信息。 some messages一些信息，messages是复数名词；a lot of information很多信息，information是不可数名词；many pieces of news许多新闻，中心词是复数名词pieces；lots of informations中informations是错误表达。There is说明主语需对应单数概念或不可数名词，只有a lot of information符合语法规则。 34．A 【解析】句意：根据教育方面的新改革，学校已经把在15分钟休息期间提供有趣的活动给学生当作一件必须做的事。 第一空，介词in后接名词，education是名词，educational是形容词，结合语境“学校”可知是教育改革，education教育，符合语境，social作名词时，意思是“联谊会”，不符合语境；第二空，must在此处作名词，意为“必须做的事”，是可数名词单数，表示泛指，前面需加不定冠词a。 35．D 【解析】句意：这个湖大约有50米深。 deep深的，形容词；deeper更深的，形容词比较级；deepest最深的，形容词最高级；depth深度，名词。根据“The lake is about 50 metres in…”可知，介词in后需接名词作宾语，in depth表示“在深度方面”，符合语境。应填depth。 36．A 【解析】句意：——恐怕我不得不放弃我的绘画爱好了。在过去的几个月里，我取得的进步很少。——为什么不多练习呢？多练习，你就会变得更好。 little progress几乎没进步；much progress很多进步；few progresses表示错误；great progresses表示错误；Why not为什么不； Why don’t为什么不；How about……怎么样；Why not to语法错误。“progress”为不可数名词，没有复数形式，因此“few progresses”和“great progresses”表述错误，可一并排除；根据“I am afraid I have to give up my drawing hobby.”可知，此处表示“进步很少”，因此第一空应填“little progress”；“Why not do sth.”和“Why don’t you do sth.”为固定句型，均表示“为什么不做某事呢”，因此第二空应填“Why not”。 37．A 【解析】句意：马克斯听从了老师的建议。 advice“建议”是不可数名词，无复数形式；advise是动词，意为“建议”，此处需要名词作follow的宾语，应填advice。 38．C 【解析】句意：鹿摆动尾巴是为了表达恐惧。 本句中show是及物动词，空处需要作show的宾语，及物动词的宾语需要由名词/代词性质的词充当。happy,angry,sad都是形容词，形容词不能直接作及物动词show的宾语。fear兼具名词和动词属性，作名词时意为“恐惧”，可以直接作show的宾语，完全符合语法规则，语义也符合鹿的行为特征。 39．A 【解析】句意：沙漠化使土地无法耕种。   Desertification沙漠化，名词；Desert沙漠，名词/抛弃，动词；Deserty错误拼写；Deserting抛弃，动名词/现在分词。根据“makes the land useless for farming”的语境，此处需表示“沙漠化”这一过程，“Desertification”是专有名词，符合语义。 40．D 【解析】句意：学习一种新语言可以让我们的大脑保持活跃。 brain大脑。本句指生理上的大脑，因此用单数形式表示“大脑”这一器官，且其前修饰词为our，因此不可再加冠词。 41．B 【解析】句意：这位医生对他的病人非常耐心，仔细回答他们所有的问题。 patient有耐心的；patients病人；patience耐心；patiently耐心地。根据“is very ... with”可知，be patient with意为“对……有耐心”，第一空需填形容词patient；根据his后文their可知，第二空指代多位病人，需填名词复数patients。 42．C 【解析】句意：我们班有三个德国人。 German德国人，单数；Germans德国人，复数；Germen错误表达；Germany德国。根据“three”可知，有三个德国人，使用复数，应填Germans。 43．A 【解析】句意：她为一家当地慈善机构工作。 charity慈善机构（名词）；charitable慈善的（形容词）；charitably仁慈地（副词）；chariness谨慎（名词）。根据“works for a local”可知，此处需填一个表示组织或机构的名词，charity符合语境。 44．A 【解析】句意：等待他人时，你需要有足够的耐心。 patience耐心（名词）；patient耐心的（形容词）；kindness善良（名词）；politeness礼貌（名词）。根据“when waiting for others”可知，等待需要耐心，且空格前有形容词enough修饰，应填名词，patience符合语境。 45．B 【解析】句意：这位医生对他的病人一直非常有耐心，耐心地回答他们所有的问题。 patients病人，名词；patient有耐心的，形容词/病人，名词；patiently耐心地，副词；patience耐心，名词。根据“The doctor has been very…with his…answering all their questions…”可知，has been后接形容词作表语，be patient with“对……有耐心”，his为形容词性物主代词，后接名词；answering为动词，需用副词修饰。应填patient；patients；patiently。 46．A 【解析】句意：我经常从老师那里得到很多建议。她经常建议我努力学习。 advice是名词，意为“建议”，不可数；advise是动词，意为“建议”。第一空位于lots of之后，需填名词advice；第二空作谓语，主语She是第三人称单数，动词应用第三人称单数形式advises。 47．B 【解析】句意：男孩的行为告诉了别人答案。 act行为，举动；action行动，行为；active积极的；actor演员。男孩的行为表现透露了答案，所有格The boy’s后跟名词作主语；act常指具体的举动，action侧重行为表现，符合语境。 48．C 【解析】句意：——珍妮，你的奶奶在哪里？——哦，她在我哥哥的房间里。 brother哥哥；brothers哥哥们；brother’s哥哥的；brother is哥哥是。根据“she is in my…room.”可知，此处指哥哥的房间，表示所属关系。应填brother’s。 49．C 【解析】句意：我们应该对团队成员有信心。 awful糟糕的；shy害羞的；confidence信心；painful痛苦的。根据“We should have...in our team members”可知，此处表达的是信任或信心，且空格前为“have”，其后应接名词作宾语，have confidence in sb为固定短语，意为“对某人有信心”，confidence符合语境。 50．A 【解析】句意：——你觉得这本书怎么样？——它很有教育意义，丰富了我的知识。 knowledge知识，不可数名词；knowledges语法错误；knowledgeable有知识的；博学的，形容词；knew知道，是动词know的过去式。形容词性物主代词my后接名词作宾语，应填knowledge。 51．A 【解析】句意：这根跳绳不可能属于玛丽。她的（跳绳）在她的书包里。   Mary玛丽，专有名词；Mary’s玛丽的，名词所有格；Hers她的（东西），名词性物主代词；Her她，宾格，她的，形容词性物主代词。“belong to”后接人（名词或代词宾格），而非所有格，第一空填“Mary”； 第二空需用名词性物主代词作主语，指代“她的跳绳”，“Hers”（相当于Her jump rope）符合语法。 52．A 【解析】句意：这名赛跑运动员距离终点线还有30米时，突然爆发出了一股能量。 此处表示“终点线”，是固定搭配finish line，因此应该填入finish，其余选项都不构成符合句意的正确搭配。应填finish。 53．A 【解析】句意：——为什么住在山区的人和住在海边的人有不同的生活习惯？——如果你在学校学好地理就很容易理解了。 geography地理； physics物理； chemistry化学；history历史。山区和沿海的生活习惯差异，属于地理环境对生活的影响，对应学科是地理。应填geography。 54．B 【解析】句意：良好的饮食习惯帮助我们保持强壮。 句子中谓语动词help是动词原形，说明主语必须是复数形式。habits是habit的正确复数形式。 55．D 【解析】句意：他们坚持认为“一带一路”标志着我国发展新时代的开端。 end结束，动词；ending结尾，名词；begin开始，动词；beginning开始，名词。定冠词the后需接名词， 从语义逻辑来看，“一带一路”是我国发展新时代的开端，而非结束，应填beginning。 56．A 【解析】句意：这本书有趣的结论引起了所有读者的深思。 conclusion结论；abroad在国外；opportunity机会；acquire获得。空格处需要名词作句子主语，“有趣的结论引起读者的深思”符合语境。 57．B 【解析】句意：请把答案写在一张纸上然后交上来。 stage 舞台；sheet 一张（纸等）；clue 线索；costume 服装。“a sheet of paper”是固定搭配，意为“一张纸”，应填sheet。 58．B 【解析】句意：侦探发现了一条重要线索，帮他解开了这个谜团。 costume戏服；clue线索；poetry诗歌；conclusion结论。根据The detective和mystery可知，侦探办案核心靠线索，an important clue为固定搭配：一条重要线索。应填clue。 59．A 【解析】句意：这篇文章的主题是关于如何保护环境，并且文本通俗易懂。 theme主题；text文本；reason原因；result结果。根据前半句“The main...of the passage is about how to protect the environment”可知，第一空表示文章的核心内容，需填“theme主题”；根据后半句“and the...is easy to understand”可知，第二空表示容易理解的内容，需填“text文本”。 60．A 【解析】句意：——我不知道如何开始写我的读书报告。——你最好先读一读评论，然后写下你的感受。 reviews评论；reasons原因；results结果；rewards报酬。根据“and then write down your feelings.”可知，先读一读他人的评论，然后再整理自己的想法。故选A。 三、 61． learn history inventions discoveries 【解析】原句中“学习”是关键词，表示“学习”的短语是learn。“伟大发明和发现的历史”中，“历史”对应的英文是history，“发明”对应的英文是invention，此处指多个发明，用复数形式inventions；“发现”对应的英文是discovery，此处指多个发现，用复数形式discoveries。本句为情态动词should引导的句子，should后接动词原形，且“the history of...”是固定搭配，表示“……的历史”。故填learn；history；inventions；discoveries。 62． Research shows that 【解析】原句中“研究表明”是关键词，表示“研究”的名词是research，表示“表明”的动词是show，主语research为单数，一般现在时中show用第三人称单数形式shows，that引导宾语从句。句首字母需大写。 63． do away with lift our spirits 【解析】原句中“消除、提振精神”是关键词，表示“消除”的短语是do away with，情态动词之后用动词原形；表示“提振精神”的动词短语是lift one’s spirits，此处one’s用our代替。 64． take notes had a low score 【解析】原句中“记笔记”和“得了低分”是关键词，表示“记笔记”的固定短语是take notes，不定式符号to后接动词原形；表示“得了低分”的短语是have a low score，结合“didn’t”可知本句描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，have应变为过去式had。 65． never liked science until I took 【解析】原句中“以前从不”“喜欢”“科学”“直到”“上了（课）”“我”是关键词，对应的英文是“never”；“喜欢”是“like”，结合语境可知，句子时态是一般过去时，所以“like”要用过去式“liked”；“科学”对应的英文是“science”；“直到”对应的英文是“until”；“上了（课）”对应的英文是“take”，同样根据一般过去时，要用过去式“took”，“我”对应英文“I”。 66． risen to important technology 【解析】原句中“崛起”，“重要的”和“科技”是关键词。rise“崛起、上升”，是动词，后接动词不定式，所以第二空应填to；而由“has”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其谓语结构为“have/has+done”，所以第一空应填rise的过去分词risen；important“重要的”，形容词作定语；technology“科技”，名词作定语。 67． based on experience 【解析】原句中“基于，经历”是关键词，表示“基于”的短语是be based on；表示“经历”的名词是experience，前有不定冠词a，此处用名词单数。 68． cultural exchange 【解析】原句中“文化交流”是关键词，此处用形容词cultural（文化的）作定语，修饰后面的名词成分，“交流”对应名词exchange，组合起来cultural exchange activities就是“文化交流活动”，符合句意。 69． a chance 【解析】原句中“一个……的机会”是关键词，对应英文中的a chance，后接不定式to do sth.作定语，表示“做某事的机会”。 70． some benefits of 【解析】原句中“一些”以及“……的好处”是关键词，表示“一些”的单词为“some”；表示“好处”的单词为“benefit”，名词；表示“……的”用介词of。some后接可数名词复数，此处需用复数名词benefits。故填some；benefits；of。 四、 1 71．advice/suggestions 72．necessary 73．skills 74．clearly 75．lazy 76．fail 77．leadership 78．remind 79．offered 80．companies 【解析】本文是一篇求职面试指导类短文，针对年轻人面试前的紧张情绪，从面试前准备、面试中表现、面试后跟进三个核心阶段，给出了实用的建议。 71．句意：别担心，我有一些建议可以帮助你。根据汉语提示，advice/suggestion“建议”，some后接不可数名词/可数名词复数，可用advice“建议”，不可数名词；也可用suggestion“建议”，其复数形式为suggestions。 72．句意：首先，对你来说，好好梳理思路、准备材料，比如简历和证书是必要的。根据汉语提示，necessary“必要的”，形容词作表语。 73．句意：它能教你有用的技能，还能让你有更多的自信清晰地表达自己。根据汉语提示，skill“技能”，此处需用复数形式表示泛指的技能。 74．句意：它能教你有用的技能，还能让你更多的自信清楚地表达自己。根据汉语提示，clearly“清楚地”，副词修饰动词express。 75．句意：别懒洋洋的，否则你会没能得到这份工作。根据汉语提示，lazy“懒洋洋的”，形容词作表语。 76．句意：别懒洋洋的，否则你会没能得到这份工作。根据汉语提示，fail“失败”，will后接动词原形。 77．句意：你也可以通过讲述在学校带领团队的经历，展现你的领导才能。根据汉语提示，leadership“领导才能”，形容词性物主代词后接名词，此处为不可数名词。 78．句意：这会让面试官想起你，你也会得到一个好机会。根据汉语提示，remind“使想起”，动词，will后接动词原形。 79．句意：这会让面试官想起你，你也会得到一个好机会。根据汉语提示，offer“提供”，动词，be动词后接过去分词，表示“机会被提供”，固定搭配sth. be offered to sb.“某物被提供给某人”，offer的过去分词为offered。 80．句意：优秀的公司总是看重有礼貌且准备充分的面试者。根据汉语提示，company“公司”，谓语动词用原形，对应主语为复数，company的复数形式为companies。 2 81．greatest 82．or 83．scared 84．if/when/once 85．carefully 86．stroke 87．to practice 88．achievement 89．meaningful 90．ourselves 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍中国书法这一传统爱好的价值、练习方法及学习感悟，凸显其文化传承意义。 81．句意：中国书法是中国最伟大的传统爱好之一，也是学生度过空闲时间的绝佳方式。句中使用了固定结构“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”，表示“最……之一”，因此需将形容词“great”变为最高级形式“greatest”。 82．句意：许多学生在空闲时间练习书法，要么在学校社团，要么在家和父母一起。句中使用固定搭配“either…or…”意为“要么……要么……”，用于连接两个并列的地点状语“at school clubs”和“at home with their parents”，因此填“or”。 83．句意：有些人可能认为学习书法很难，一开始他们害怕尝试。固定短语“be scared of”意为“害怕……”，此处需用形容词作表语；“scary”修饰事物“令人害怕的”，修饰人时需用“scared感到害怕的”。 84．句意：但如果/当/一旦我们尝试一下，就会发现它很有趣。此处需要引导条件/时间状语从句的连词，“if”引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”规则，符合“尝试后就会发现有趣”的逻辑，是最贴合语境的答案；once一旦、when当……时，也符合语法与语义。 85．句意：我们需要用软毛笔，在宣纸上认真书写。此处需用副词修饰动词“write”，因此将形容词“careful”变为副词形式“carefully”，表示“认真地、仔细地”书写。 86．句意：每一笔都需要耐心，它教会我们更加细心、专注。“every”后接可数名词单数，因此需将复数名词“strokes”变为单数形式“stroke”。 87．句意：我的老师经常鼓励我每天练习。固定搭配“encourage sb. to do sth.”意为“鼓励某人做某事”，因此需用动词不定式“to practice”作宾语补足语。 88．句意：它给我带来了强烈的成就感，让我的课余生活更有意义。固定短语“a sense of+名词”表示“……感”，因此需将动词“achieve”变为名词形式“achievement”，“a sense of achievement”意为“成就感”。 89．句意：它给我带来了强烈的成就感，让我的课余生活更有意义。固定结构“make sth.+形容词”表示“使某物……”，因此需将名词“meaning”变为形容词形式“meaningful”，作宾语补足语，修饰“after-school life”。 90．句意：只要我们坚持下去，不对我们自己要求太苛刻，久而久之我们的书法就会越来越好。“push oneself too hard”是固定表达，意为“对某人自己要求太严格、给某人自己太大压力”；此处主语为“we”，宾语指代主语自身，需用反身代词，因此将“our”变为“ourselves”。 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年中考英语系统化复习讲练（浙江专用） 专题07 知识点结构化复习与题型强化（名词） 目录清单 第一部分 核心知识清单知识结构化 高效复习 第二部分 要点强化训练练习深度化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 核心知识结构化清单 名词的分类 分类方式 类别 核心定义与说明 示例 按词汇意义 专有名词 特指特定的人、地、机构等，首字母大写，通常不加冠词 Linda, China, the Great Wall, WTO 普通名词（泛指一类人或事物） 个体名词 表示可数的单个对象，为可数名词 student, apple, book 集体名词 表示一群人或事物的集合，动词单复数依语境而定（整体→单数，成员→复数） family, team, army, people 物质名词 表示物质或材料，通常不可数 water, wood, sand, coffee 抽象名词 表示情感、状态、概念等抽象内容，通常不可数 hope, dream, freedom, information 按语法特征 可数名词 有单复数形式，可直接用数词修饰 a book, two books 不可数名词 无复数形式，需借助量词（如 a piece of, a cup of）表达数量 a piece of news, two bottles of milk 名词的数（变化规则） 类型 规则说明 示例 规则变化 1. 一般情况 词尾加 -s book → books, map → maps 2. s/x/sh/ch结尾 词尾加 -es box → boxes, watch → watches 3. 辅音字母+y结尾 变 y 为 i 再加 -es city → cities, family → families 4. f/fe 结尾 变 f/fe 为 v 加 -es knife → knives, leaf → leaves 5. o 结尾 - 有生命（人或动物）：加 -es - 无生命：加 -s hero → heroes, tomato → tomatoes photo → photos, piano → pianos 不规则变化 1. 元音变化 oo → ee foot → feet, tooth → teeth a → e man → men, woman → women 2. 词尾加 -ren child → children child → children 3. 特殊变化 无规律，需记忆 mouse → mice, ox → oxen 4. 单复数同形 复数形式与单数相同 sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese 5. 仅用复数形式 没有单数形式，常以复数出现 trousers, glasses, clothes, scissors 名词的数（特殊用法） 情况描述 说明 示例 物质名词变复数（意义变化） 复数形式表示“多种”或“多处” sand → sands（多处沙滩） water → waters（多处水域） coffee → two coffees（两杯咖啡） 抽象名词变复数 表示具体实例或多种情况 hope → hopes（多种希望） experience → experiences（多次经历） 集体名词的个体化 使用对应个体名词表达数量 machinery → machines furniture → a piece of furniture / tables and chairs poetry → poems luggage → bags/trunks 名词的所有格 类型 适用对象 构成方式 注意事项 ’s 所有格 有生命的名词、时间、距离、国家等 单数名词：+ ’s（Mike → Mike’s book） 复数名词（以s结尾）：+ ’（students → students’ desks） 复数不规则名词：+ ’s（men → men’s room） 共同拥有：仅最后一个加 ’s（Mary and Lucy’s house） 各自拥有：每个都加 ’s（Mary’s and Lucy’s books） 不可用于无生命事物（错误：the desk’s leg） of 所有格 多用于无生命的名词 名词 + of + 名词 → a map of China, the leg of the desk 常用于描述位置、组成关系 双重所有格 强调“其中之一”或“部分所属” a + 名词 + of + 名词性物主代词/人称所有格 → a friend of mine, a photo of my father’s of 后不可接形容词性物主代词（错误：a book of my） 名词的词形转换 转换方向 构词规则 示例 名词 → 形容词 1. 加 -y（注意去e或双写） health → healthy, sun → sunny, noise → noisy 2. 加 -ful（部分变y为i） beauty → beautiful, help → helpful, care → careful 3. 加 -al（部分去e） nation → national, culture → cultural, nature → natural 4. 加 -less care → careless, hope → hopeless, fear → fearless 5. 加 -ly friend → friendly, love → lovely 6. 加 -en wood → wooden, wool → woolen 7. 加 -ous danger → dangerous, courage → courageous 名词 → 副词 通常先转为形容词，再加 -ly success → successful → successfully care → careful → carefully 少数直接转换 straight（既是形容词也是副词） ◇Part 02 题型深度化拓展训练 一、单词拼写 1．The book tells us a lot about the ________ (brave) of the common people during the war. 2．She wrote down her true ________ (feel) about the book in her reading journal. 3．The Thames Barrier is an important flood ________ (defend) system in the UK. 4．The _________ (value) of the discovery is very high. 5．With the ________ (develop) of technology, our life is easier. 6．We take ________ (proud) in our traditional culture. 7．Yuan Longping is a great Chinese ________ (science). 8．The ________ (invent) spent all his life making new things. 9．Some ________ (mouse) ran across the floor. 10．For a race team, teamwork is the key to _______ (succeed). 11．If she has any questions, she will search online for a quick ________ (answer). 12．The soldiers receive________ (train) every day to keep strong. 13．If you are brave enough to face ________ (fail), you will be closer to your dream. 14．He has strong ________ (create) and often comes up with new ideas. 15．Painting every day is a small effort, but over time it will bring you a great sense of ________ (achieve). 16．As a ______ (manage), she is responsible for interviewing some new people from her company. 17．The ________ (wide) of the street is about 20 meters. 18．The ________ (die) of the old man made everyone in the village very sad. 19．The organization will provide special ________ (train) for the new volunteers. 20．The ________ (deep) of the ocean in this area is over 8,000 meters, making it one of the deepest places on Earth. 21．My aunt has a bad ________ (tooth) and needs to go to the dentist. 22．The ________ (similar) in their appearance make them look like twins. 23．________ (communicate) makes people closer. 24．I can see two _______(potato) on the table. 25．Many teenagers have much ________ (difficult) communicating with others properly. 26．Our head teacher often tells us the ________(mean) of making plans. 27．They made a ________ (decide) to help each other. 28．Human ________ (active) can bring about natural disasters. 29．The ________ (important) of protecting wetlands is taught in our school. 30．We are trying to find ways to reduce air ________ (pollute) in big cities. 二、单项选择 31．The N4A in Yancheng is well worth ________ because we can have a ________ of rich culture. A．visiting; look B．a visit; taste C．visiting; gift D．visit; praise 32．—How ________ the street is! I can’t even hear myself talking. —The construction site next door is making too much ________. A．noisy; noise B．noise; noisy C．noisy; noisy D．noise; noise 33．—What are you doing, Dan? —I’m surfing the Internet. There is ________ that I’ve never heard of. A．some messages B．a lot of information C．many pieces of news D．lots of informations 34．According to the new reform in ________, the school has made it ________ must to offer students interesting activities during the 15-minute break. A．education; a B．social; / C．educational; a D．social; the 35．The lake is about 50 metres in ________. A．deep B．deeper C．deepest D．depth 36．—I am afraid I have to give up my drawing hobby. I have made ________ in the past few months. —________ practise more, and you’ll be better. A．little progress; Why not B．much progress; Why don’t C．few progresses; How about D．great progresses; Why not to 37．Max followed his teacher’s ________. A．advice B．advices C．advise D．advises 38．Deer move their tails to show ________. A．happy B．angry C．fear D．sad 39．________ makes the land useless for farming. A．Desertification B．Desert C．Deserty D．Deserting 40．Learning a new language can keep our ________ active. A．the brain B．brains C．a brain D．brain 41．The doctor is very ________ with his ________, answering all their questions carefully. A．patients; patient B．patient; patients C．patiently; patience D．patience; patient 42．There are three ________ in our class. A．German B．Germen C．Germans D．Germany 43．She works for a local ________. A．charity B．charitable C．charitably D．chariness 44．You need to have enough ________ when waiting for others. A．patience B．patient C．kindness D．politeness 45．The doctor has been very ________ with his ________, answering all their questions ________. A．patients; patient; patiently B．patient; patients; patiently C．patiently; patience; patient D．patience; patiently; patient 46．I often get lots of ______ from my teacher. She often _______ me to study hard. A．advice; advises B．advises; advises C．advise; advices D．advise; advice 47．The boy’s ________ tells others the answer. A．act B．action C．active D．actor 48．—Where is your grandma, Jenny? —Oh, she is in my ________ room. A．brother B．brothers C．brother’s D．brother is 49．We should have ________ in our team members. A．awful B．shy C．confidence D．painful 50．—How do you like the book? —It’s very educational. It has enriched my ________. A．knowledge B．knowledges C．knowledgeable D．knew 51．The jump rope can’t belong to ________. ________ is in her schoolbag. A．Mary; Hers B．Mary’s; Her C．Mary’s; Hers D．Mary; Her 52．The runner was still 30 metres from the ________ line when she got a sudden burst of energy. A．finish B．finishing C．finished D．finishes 53．—Why do people living near mountains have different living habits from those living by the sea? —That’s easy to understand if you learn ________ well at school. A．geography B．physics C．chemistry D．history 54．Good eating ________ help us stay strong. A．habit B．habits C．a habit D．habites 55．They insisted that the Belt and Road marked the ________of a new era of our country’s development. A．end B．ending C．begin D．beginning 56．The book’s interesting ________ made all the readers think deeply. A．conclusion B．abroad C．opportunity D．acquire 57．Please write your answers on a ________ of paper and hand it in. A．stage B．sheet C．clue D．costume 58．The detective found an important ________ that helped him solve the mystery. A．costume B．clue C．poetry D．conclusion 59．The main ________ of the passage is about how to protect the environment, and the ________ is easy to understand. A．theme; text B．text; theme C．reason; result D．result; reason 60．—I don’t know how to start my book report. —You’d better read the ________ and then write down your feelings. A．reviews B．reasons C．results D．rewards 三、完成句子 61．我们应该学习伟大发明和发现的历史。 We should ________ the ________ of great ________ and ________. 62．研究也表明，娱乐活动能拉近人与人之间的距离。 ________ also ________ ________ fun brings people closer. 63．娱乐可以消除不良情绪、提振精神。 Fun can ________ ________ ________ bad feelings and ________ ________ ________. 64．马克斯不喜欢记笔记，所以他数学考试得了低分。 Max didn’t like to ________ ________, so he ________ ________ ________ ________ in the maths test. 65．我以前从不喜欢科学，直到我上了你的课。 I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ your class. 66．它已经崛起成为世界上重要的科技工业中心。 It has ________ ________ become an ________ center for ________ industries in the world. 67．你的故事可以基于一篇新闻报道或一次真实生活经历。 Your story can either be ________ ________ a news report or a real-life ________. 68．参加文化交流活动对于中学生来说是很重要的。 It’s important for middle school students to join in the ________ ________ activities. 69．这次志愿者支教活动给了孩子们一个了解外面世界的机会。 This volunteer teaching activity gave the children ________ ________ to learn about the outside world. 70．昨天我的朋友跟我讲了一些经常锻炼的好处。 My friend told me about ________ ________ ________ regular exercise yesterday. 四、短文填空 1 阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。 Many young people feel nervous when preparing for a job interview. Don’t worry, I have some 71 (建议) to help you. First, it’s 72 (必要的) for you to prepare your thoughts and materials well, such as your resume and certificates (证书) . A clear plan can help you stay calm. Before the big day, it’s a good idea to join a short training course. It can teach you useful 73 (技能) and make you more confident to express yourself 74 (清楚地). You can also ask a friend to practise with you. Don’t be 75 (懒洋洋的), or you will 76 (失败) to get the job. During the interview, good communication is the key. Listen carefully and answer questions politely. You can also show your 77 (领导才能) by talking about a time when you led a team at school. Don’t forget to prepare a short speech about yourself. It should be honest and highlight your strengths. After the interview, send a thank-you email. This will 78 (使想起) the interviewer of you, and a good chance will be 79 (提供) to you. Good 80 (公司) always value polite and well-prepared interviewees. In short, a successful interview will bring great benefits to your future career. 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Hobbies play a very important role in our free time. They help us relax after a busy week of study and make our life more colorful. Chinese calligraphy is one of the 81 (great) traditional hobbies in China, and it’s a wonderful way for students to spend their free time. When we feel tired from doing homework, practicing calligraphy can make us calm down and reduce stress. It’s not just a hobby, but also a chance to learn about Chinese culture. Many students take up calligraphy in their free time, either at school clubs 82 at home with their parents. Some people may think it’s difficult to learn calligraphy, and they are 83 (scary) of trying it at first. But 84 we give it a go, we will find it interesting. We need to use a soft brush and write 85 (careful) on rice paper. Every 86 (strokes) needs patience, and it teaches us to be more careful and focused. So far, I have learnt calligraphy for two years. My teacher often encourages me 87 (practice) every day. I usually practice it with my classmates after school, and sometimes we show our works on stage at school art festivals. It brings me a strong sense of 88 (achieve) and makes my after-school life 89 (meaning). As long as we stick to it and don’t push 90 (our) too hard, we can get better at calligraphy over time. It is a great hobby that not only helps us relax but also passes down our traditional culture. ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $