Unit 4 Helping out (Starting out & Understanding ideas & Grammar)（导学案）英语新教材外研版八年级下册

该初中英语导学案围绕Unit 4 Helping out展开，核心涵盖重点词汇、短语、句型及情态动词may, can, must表推测用法。课堂通过Starting out引入主题，Understanding ideas深化语境理解，语法部分系统梳理，形成从基础积累到综合应用的学习支架。 资料亮点在于知识梳理与即时练习紧密结合，通过单词填空、翻译、阅读等多元题型训练语言运用能力，完形填空和短文填空培养思维分析能力，分层练习设计支持自主学习，有效提升学生语言能力、思维品质和学习能力，助力综合语言素养提升。

Unit 4 Helping out Starting out & Understanding ideas & Grammar 1. 掌握Unit 4 Starting out & Understanding ideas & Grammar部分的重点单词、短语和句型； · 单词：excuse, conversation, provide, patient, enough, virus, spread, disease, afford, serious, disappointment, boring, treatment, however, illness, either, impossible, collect · 短语：excuse me, have to, throw away, be born with, in great pain, help sb. do sth., get through, plan to do sth., pocket money, because of, do chores, give up, raise money, go public, so far, be filled with, give him a hand, stay at home · 句型：(1) I’m afraid that... (2) Because of... (3) So far,... (4) It might sound impossible... 2. 掌握情态动词may, can, must表可能的用法。 一、单词填空 1. The bad news filled her with great __________(痛苦). 2. We don’t have __________(足够的) time to finish the work today. 3. The school will __________ (提供) free books for the students. 4. This movie is so __________(bore) that I want to sleep. 5. The virus can __________(spread) easily among people in crowded places. 6. The family is too poor to __________(负担得起) a new house. 二、翻译 1．我们不应该乱扔垃圾。（throw away） 2．她天生就很善良。（be born with） 3．朋友帮我度过了难关。（get through） 4．我计划明天去公园。（plan to do） 5．因为下雨，所以我们待在家里。（because of） 第一部分 Starting out & Understanding ideas 【知识梳理1】I’m afraid you’ll have to draw a grey butterfly. I’m afraid: 恐怕，很遗憾 have to do sth. 不得不，后+动词原形 注意：have to句型在变否定和疑问句时的表达，和其它情态动词不同。 例如：I have to get up early in the morning. 否定句：I don’t have to get up early in the morning. 一般疑问句：Do you have to get up early in the morning? 【即时练习】 1. He __________ (have to) get up at 6:00. 2. We __________ (not have to) go to school on Sunday. 3. 恐怕我不得不现在离开。（翻译句子） _______________________________________________________ 【知识梳理2】Well, crayons may carry viruses and spread disease. Word spread fast, and Leah’s story went public. 1. spread 前者表示传播；后者表示流传，散布 过去式spread，过去分词spread 常见搭配：spread disease，spread the news 2. go public 公开，公之于众 例句：She didn’t want the news to go public. 【即时练习】 1. We should stop the virus from __________. A. spread B. spreading C. to spread 2. The news ________ very fast in the school yesterday. A. spread B. spreads C. spreading 3. 不要传播这个坏消息。（翻译句子） __________________________________________________________________ 4.这个消息很快就公开了。（翻译句子） __________________________________________________________________ 【知识梳理3】It just couldn’t afford new crayons for every child. afford: 买得起，承担得起 常见搭配： 1. can/can’t afford+n. 例如：I can’t afford the car. 2. can / can’t afford to do sth. 例如：We can’t afford to make mistakes. 【即时练习】 1.He can’t afford __________ (buy) a new phone. 2. He is too poor to ______ a new bike. A. afford B. spend C. take 3. 我买不起那么贵的书。（翻译句子） _______________________________________________________________ 【知识梳理4】But colouring has helped her get through it. 1. help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事 The teacher helped me with my English.（同义句替换） _____________________________________________ 2. get through 度过难关，熬过困难时期 常见搭配：get through difficult times get through the hard days get through the exam 其它搭配： get up ______ get on________ get off_________ get on with____________ get to _________ 我确信我们能够克服挑战。（翻译句子） _____________________________________________ 【即时练习】 1. We must help each other to __________ the hard days. A. get up B. get through C. get to 2. She will __________ Beijing at 8:00. A. get through B. get to C. get off 3. 听音乐能帮我们放松。（翻译句子） ___________________________________________ 【知识梳理5】Because of her illness, she couldn’t do chores for money, either. 1. because of+名词/代词/动名词doing 因为/由于 区别：because+句子 She couldn’t go out because of her illness. (同义替换) ____________________________________________________ 2. either 也(否定句句末)，两者中的任一个 区别“也”：too, either, also too/also用于肯定句，either用于否定句 例句： 1.I don’t like it. Me either. 我也不喜欢。 2.He can’t swim. I can’t, either. 他不会游泳，我也不会。 【即时练习】 1. He didn’t come __________ he was ill. （因为） 2. We stayed at home __________ the snow.（因为） 3. I can play the piano. I can sing, ______.（也） 4. He doesn’t like apples. I don’t like apples, ______.（也） 【知识梳理6】So far, she has collected 2.657 boxes. so far 到目前为止，迄今为止 注意：现在完成时标志词，常用结构为so far, 主语+have/has+过去分词+…… 到目前为止，我已经做完作业了。（翻译句子） _____________________________________________________________ 【即时练习】 1. So far, I __________ (read) three books. 2. So far, we __________ about 1,000 English words. A. learn B. learned C. have learned 第二部分 Grammar 情态动词的用法（2） 【知识梳理1】may & might的用法 情态动词may无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，通常表示许可和推测。 1.表示许可：可以 May I…? 我可以…… 吗？（非常礼貌） 回答：Yes, you may. No, you can’t / mustn’t. 例句： May I use your pen? 我可以用你的笔吗？ 2.表示推测：当我们想表达可能发生某事以及某人可能做某事时，可以用 may /might 表示。 意思是：可能，也许。 may 可能性：中等 might 可能性：更小，更不确定 例句： Bring a map because you may want to travel around. 带张地图，因为你可能想四处转转。 There may be a few showers, so bring an umbrella with you. 可能会有阵雨，所以随身带把伞吧。 3. may和might 的区别： may = 可能（可能性稍大） might = 也许（可能性更小，更不确定） 表示请求许可时，只用 May I…?，不用 Might I…? 【即时练习】 1. He ______ be in the library. I’m not sure. 2. — ______ I borrow your ruler?— Yes, you may. 3. May I smoke here? No, you _____________. 【知识梳理2】情态动词表推测的用法 must 一定，肯定 可能性最大，很确定 may 可能，也许 可能性中等 might 也许，大概 可能性较小 can’t 不可能 很确定 例如： 1. Betty, you must know! 你肯定知道。 2. You can’t be serious! 你不是认真的吧！ 3. –Who sent the present? Can it be your brother? 是谁送来的礼物啊？会是你哥哥吗？(询问可能性 ) –It must be your brother. I saw him in your room just now. 肯定是你哥哥，我刚才看见他在你的房间里。(语气强烈，表示非常肯定) –It can’t be my brother. He is still in France. 不可能是我哥哥，他还在法国呢。(表示不可能) 【即时练习】 1. The light is on. He ______ be at home. A. must B. can’t C. may 2. It ______ be true. It’s impossible. A. must B. can’t C. might 3. He ______ come, but I’m not sure. A. must B. can’t C. may 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. So far, I ______________ (collect) 200 stamps. 2. She is afraid of ______________ (spread) the illness. 3. We can’t afford ______________ (buy) a new car. 4. Music helps me ______________ (get) through difficult times. 5. He ______________ (born) with a good voice. 6. You don’t need ______________ (finish) it today. 7. The news ______________ (go) public last week. 8. We must stop ______________ (throw) away rubbish everywhere. 9. He can’t ______________ (be) in the classroom now. 10. They might ______________ (miss) the early bus. 二、单词拼写 1. We can’t ___________(负担得起) such an expensive house. 2. The virus can ___________(传播) quickly among people. 3. I’m afraid I have to ___________(离开) now. 4. Don’t ___________(乱扔) away the old books. 5. She was ___________(出生) with a kind heart. 6. We should help each other to ___________(度过) through difficulties. 7. I plan to ___________(拜访) my grandparents this weekend. 8. He didn’t go to school ___________(因为) of his illness. 9. I don’t like this film. It’s __________(无聊的). 10. The hospital can ___________(提供) free medicine for the poor. 11. We don’t have ___________(足够的) time to get there. 12. She felt d___________ when she heard the bad news. 13. May I ___________(借) your dictionary? 14. You ___________(也许) be right, but I’m not sure. 一、单项选择 1．So far, she ________ many dishes with special tastes. A．invents B．invented C．has invented 2．Come on! You’ll discover a new side of yourself when you ________ all the difficulties. A．get through B．get on C．get together 3．Some students may have traffic accidents ________ breaking the rules. A．because of B．instead of C．as for 4．Don’t be shy when you speak English ________. A．in silence B．in public C．in trouble 5．—Look! It ________ be Mr. Wang. —No, it ________ be him. He has gone abroad. A．may; mustn’t B．must; may not C．must; can’t D．can; may not 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词。 Wu Muliang is a photographer (摄影师) from a village. He is a kind boy. He takes 6 (picture) for old people in his village. He helps them 7 (remember) their daily lives. Wu’s grandparents took care of him when he was a little boy, but they couldn’t see each other often after he attended school. Wu’s grandpa 8 (die) years ago. When Wu’s family missed him, there was no picture 9 (look) at. This made Wu and his family feel very 10 (disappoint). He began to realize what a picture of the old people meant to his or her family. Wu also knew that many old people in his village didn’t have pictures, 11 (too). They didn’t have phones with cameras—a useful tool. Finally Wu found a 12 (solve) and helped the old people take pictures. Wu took pictures of his grandma and other people in the village. Some of them were not very old, but they thought the pictures 13 (fill) with their younger days. Wu learnt that it’s important to spend time with family from his experience. He will help more old people in his village and other areas. Wu’s 14 (kind) has made him a hero in his village. What’s more, he has brought a lot of joy to many 15 (family). 三、完形填空 To be kind to others may not only help someone in need, but also improve our own soul. I’d like to share my experience 16 a volunteer. Last summer, I volunteered at a nursing home out of town. I went there twice a week. I 17 well with the people there. On my first day, I 18 an old man named Mr. Chen sitting alone in a wheelchair at the corner. His 19 were always fixed on the door as if he was waiting for someone to come over to see him. I got near him and greeted him, “ 20 me. How can I help you?” but he didn’t answer me at first. I told him that I was a volunteer and asked if there was anything I could do to help him, and he remained 21 . I kept bringing him tea, peeling apples for him and reading newspapers to him. Gradually, he began to share 22 about his youth. One day, he suddenly said, “You remind me of my 23 .” Tears filled his eyes. Later, I learned his son had passed away years ago. I 24 him that I would look after him like his own child. Hearing this, he became happier and I felt nice myself. This experience taught me that a small act of 25 can heal (治愈) lonely hearts. 16．A．with B．as C．for D．at 17．A．went public B．got along C．hung out D．looked into 18．A．mistook B．mentioned C．picked D．noticed 19．A．eyes B．ears C．shoulders D．hands 20．A．Pardon B．Excuse C．Follow D．Realize 21．A．silent B．close C．serious D．private 22．A．pockets B．Newspapers C．Stories D．illnesses 23．A．brother B．son C．student D．neighbour 24．A．replaced B．promised C．failed D．required 25．A．courage B．humour C．honesty D．kindness 四、阅读理解 Feng Boyao and Meng Shuqi found their city library didn’t have enough Braille (盲文) books for blind people and many of the Braille books were old. So they decided to help the blind by fixing the problem. Feng and Meng both studied at No. 37Middle School in Taiyuan, Shanxi. They invented (发明) a new kind of Braille reader. Their Braille reader can turn words into raised dots(凸起的点). Blind people can read by touching the dots. Their work won first prize in a national competition. The competition helps young students to develop creative thinking skills and solve problems. “We found that today’s Braille readers are very difficult and expensive,” Feng said. “So we wanted to develop a user-friendly product (产品) for blind children from grades 1 to 3. It is only about 2,000 yuan.” After making their first machine, Feng and Meng visited a school for the blind to get advice and improved it according to the students’ needs, like changing the size of the screen and the space between the dots. “The latest Braille readers now are expensive for most blind people. We hope the product will soon be in use and help those blind people.” Meng told Taiyuan News. 26．Why did the two students invent a new kind of Braille reader? A．To make money. B．To win a reading competition. C．To help teenagers solve problems. D．To make more Braille books available. 27．What did Feng and Meng do to improve the machine? a. visited the blind for advice b. changed the number of the dots c. changed the size of the screen d. learned Braille themselves A．a and b B．a and c C．b and d D．c and d 28．What do you think of Feng and Meng? A．Talented and helpful. B．Outgoing and funny. C．Handsome and quiet. D．Strict and serious. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Helping out Starting out & Understanding ideas & Grammar 1. 掌握Unit 4 Starting out & Understanding ideas & Grammar部分的重点单词、短语和句型； · 单词：excuse, conversation, provide, patient, enough, virus, spread, disease, afford, serious, disappointment, boring, treatment, however, illness, either, impossible, collect · 短语：excuse me, have to, throw away, be born with, in great pain, help sb. do sth., get through, plan to do sth., pocket money, because of, do chores, give up, raise money, go public, so far, be filled with, give him a hand, stay at home · 句型：(1) I’m afraid that... (2) Because of... (3) So far,... (4) It might sound impossible... 2. 掌握情态动词may, can, must表可能的用法。 一、单词填空 1. The bad news filled her with great __________(痛苦). 2. We don’t have __________(足够的) time to finish the work today. 3. The school will __________ (提供) free books for the students. 4. This movie is so __________(bore) that I want to sleep. 5. The virus can __________(spread) easily among people in crowded places. 6. The family is too poor to __________(负担得起) a new house. 【答案】1. pain 2. enough 3. provide 4. boring 5. spread 6. afford 【解析】 1. 考查名词。句意为 “这个坏消息让她充满了巨大的痛苦”。中文提示 “痛苦” 对应 pain，此处 fill sb. with pain 表示 “使某人充满痛苦”。 2. 考查形容词。句意为 “今天我们没有足够的时间完成这项工作”。enough 修饰名词 time，需放在名词前。 3. 考查动词。句意为 “这所学校将为学生提供免费的书籍”。中文提示 “提供” 对应 provide。句中 will 是情态动词，后面接动词原形。 4. 考查形容词。句意为 “这部电影太无聊了，以至于我想去睡觉”。bore 是动词 “使厌烦”，此处需要形容词作表语。修饰物（This movie）表示 “令人无聊的”，用 boring。（注意：修饰人用 bored）。 5. 考查动词。句意为 “这种病毒在拥挤的人群中很容易传播”。spread 意为 “传播”。句中 can 是情态动词，后面接动词原形，且 spread 的原形和过去式 / 分词形式相同，均为 spread。 6. 考查动词。句意为 “这个家庭太穷了，负担不起新房子”。too... to... 表示 “太…… 而不能……”，to 后接动词原形。“负担得起” 对应 afford。 二、翻译 1．我们不应该乱扔垃圾。（throw away） 2．她天生就很善良。（be born with） 3．朋友帮我度过了难关。（get through） 4．我计划明天去公园。（plan to do） 5．因为下雨，所以我们待在家里。（because of） 【答案】 1.We shouldn’t throw away rubbish everywhere. 2. She was born with kindness. 3. My friends helped me get through the hard time. 4. I plan to go to the park tomorrow. 5. We stayed at home because of the rain. 【解析】 1.throw away 意为 “扔掉、丢弃”，是本单元重点短语。shouldn’t（should 的否定形式）是情态动词，后接动词原形，因此 throw 用原形。句中加 everywhere（到处），对应中文 “乱扔” 的语义，使表达更完整；rubbish 是不可数名词，无需变复数。 2. be born with 意为 “天生具有、生来就有”，是本单元重点短语。born 是 bear 的过去分词，因此该短语永远用过去式（was/were born），主语 she 对应 was。kind（形容词，善良的）→ kindness（名词，善良），be born with 后接名词作宾语，因此用 kindness；也可以用 a kind heart（一颗善良的心），表达更生动。 3. get through 意为 “度过（难关）、熬过（困难时期）”，是本单元重点短语。help sb. (to) do sth. 是固定结构，to 可省略，因此 get 用原形；句子描述过去发生的事，help 用过去式 helped。get through 后可接 the hard time/difficult times/difficulty，都表示 “难关、困难时期”，符合语境。 4.plan to do sth. 意为 “计划做某事”，是本单元重点短语。plan 后接不定式 to do，因此 go 前加 to；主语是第一人称 I，plan 用原形（一般现在时表计划）。go to the park 是固定搭配，意为 “去公园”；tomorrow 是时间状语，放在句末。 5. because of 意为 “因为、由于”，是本单元重点短语，后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词，不能接句子。rain 在这里作名词 “雨”，因此直接用 the rain；句子描述过去的事，stay 用过去式 stayed。不能说 because of it rained（it rained 是句子，要用 because），正确替换句：We stayed at home because it rained. 另外，中文的 “因为… 所以…” 在英语中不能同时用 because 和 so，因此句中不加so。 第一部分 Starting out & Understanding ideas 【知识梳理1】I’m afraid you’ll have to draw a grey butterfly. I’m afraid: 恐怕，很遗憾 have to do sth. 不得不，后+动词原形 注意：have to句型在变否定和疑问句时的表达，和其它情态动词不同。 例如：I have to get up early in the morning. 否定句：I don’t have to get up early in the morning. 一般疑问句：Do you have to get up early in the morning? 【即时练习】 1. He __________ (have to) get up at 6:00. 2. We __________ (not have to) go to school on Sunday. 3. 恐怕我不得不现在离开。（翻译句子） _______________________________________________________ 【答案】1. has to 2. don’t have to 3.I’m afraid I have to leave now. 【知识梳理2】Well, crayons may carry viruses and spread disease. Word spread fast, and Leah’s story went public. 1. spread 前者表示传播；后者表示流传，散布 过去式spread，过去分词spread 常见搭配：spread disease，spread the news 2. go public 公开，公之于众 例句：She didn’t want the news to go public. 【即时练习】 1. We should stop the virus from __________. A. spread B. spreading C. to spread 2. The news ________ very fast in the school yesterday. A. spread B. spreads C. spreading 3. 不要传播这个坏消息。（翻译句子） __________________________________________________________________ 4.这个消息很快就公开了。（翻译句子） __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1. B 2. A 3.Don’t spread the bad news. 4.The news went public soon. 【知识梳理3】It just couldn’t afford new crayons for every child. afford: 买得起，承担得起 常见搭配： 1. can/can’t afford+n. 例如：I can’t afford the car. 2. can / can’t afford to do sth. 例如：We can’t afford to make mistakes. 【即时练习】 1.He can’t afford __________ (buy) a new phone. 2. He is too poor to ______ a new bike. A. afford B. spend C. take 3. 我买不起那么贵的书。（翻译句子） _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】1.to buy 2.A 3.I couldn’t afford such an expensive book. 【知识梳理4】But colouring has helped her get through it. 1. help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事 The teacher helped me with my English.（同义句替换） _____________________________________________ 【答案】The teacher helped me learn English. 2. get through 度过难关，熬过困难时期 常见搭配：get through difficult times get through the hard days get through the exam 其它搭配： get up ______ get on________ get off_________ get on with____________ get to _________ 我确信我们能够克服挑战。（翻译句子） _____________________________________________ 【答案】起床；上车；下车；和……相处；到达 I’m sure we can get through the challenges. 【即时练习】 1. We must help each other to __________ the hard days. A. get up B. get through C. get to 2. She will __________ Beijing at 8:00. A. get through B. get to C. get off 3. 听音乐能帮我们放松。（翻译句子） ___________________________________________ 【答案】1.B 2.B 3.Listening to music can help us relax. 【知识梳理5】Because of her illness, she couldn’t do chores for money, either. 1. because of+名词/代词/动名词doing 因为/由于 区别：because+句子 She couldn’t go out because of her illness. (同义替换) ____________________________________________________ 【答案】She couldn’t go out because she was ill. 2. either 也(否定句句末)，两者中的任一个 区别“也”：too, either, also too/also用于肯定句，either用于否定句 例句： 1.I don’t like it. Me either. 我也不喜欢。 2.He can’t swim. I can’t, either. 他不会游泳，我也不会。 【即时练习】 1. He didn’t come __________ he was ill. （因为） 2. We stayed at home __________ the snow.（因为） 3. I can play the piano. I can sing, ______.（也） 4. He doesn’t like apples. I don’t like apples, ______.（也） 【答案】1.because 2.because of 3.too 4.either 【知识梳理6】So far, she has collected 2.657 boxes. so far 到目前为止，迄今为止 注意：现在完成时标志词，常用结构为so far, 主语+have/has+过去分词+…… 到目前为止，我已经做完作业了。（翻译句子） _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】So far, I have finished my homework. 【即时练习】 1. So far, I __________ (read) three books. 2. So far, we __________ about 1,000 English words. A. learn B. learned C. have learned 【答案】1.have read 2.C 第二部分 Grammar 情态动词的用法（2） 【知识梳理1】may & might的用法 情态动词may无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，通常表示许可和推测。 1.表示许可：可以 May I…? 我可以…… 吗？（非常礼貌） 回答：Yes, you may. No, you can’t / mustn’t. 例句： May I use your pen? 我可以用你的笔吗？ 2.表示推测：当我们想表达可能发生某事以及某人可能做某事时，可以用 may /might 表示。 意思是：可能，也许。 may 可能性：中等 might 可能性：更小，更不确定 例句： Bring a map because you may want to travel around. 带张地图，因为你可能想四处转转。 There may be a few showers, so bring an umbrella with you. 可能会有阵雨，所以随身带把伞吧。 3. may和might 的区别： may = 可能（可能性稍大） might = 也许（可能性更小，更不确定） 表示请求许可时，只用 May I…?，不用 Might I…? 【即时练习】 1. He ______ be in the library. I’m not sure. 2. — ______ I borrow your ruler?— Yes, you may. 3. May I smoke here? No, you _____________. 【答案】1.may/might 2.May 3.can’t/mustn’t 【知识梳理2】情态动词表推测的用法 must 一定，肯定 可能性最大，很确定 may 可能，也许 可能性中等 might 也许，大概 可能性较小 can’t 不可能 很确定 例如： 1. Betty, you must know! 你肯定知道。 2. You can’t be serious! 你不是认真的吧！ 3. –Who sent the present? Can it be your brother? 是谁送来的礼物啊？会是你哥哥吗？(询问可能性 ) –It must be your brother. I saw him in your room just now. 肯定是你哥哥，我刚才看见他在你的房间里。(语气强烈，表示非常肯定) –It can’t be my brother. He is still in France. 不可能是我哥哥，他还在法国呢。(表示不可能) 【即时练习】 1. The light is on. He ______ be at home. A. must B. can’t C. may 2. It ______ be true. It’s impossible. A. must B. can’t C. might 3. He ______ come, but I’m not sure. A. must B. can’t C. may 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. So far, I ______________ (collect) 200 stamps. 2. She is afraid of ______________ (spread) the illness. 3. We can’t afford ______________ (buy) a new car. 4. Music helps me ______________ (get) through difficult times. 5. He ______________ (born) with a good voice. 6. You don’t need ______________ (finish) it today. 7. The news ______________ (go) public last week. 8. We must stop ______________ (throw) away rubbish everywhere. 9. He can’t ______________ (be) in the classroom now. 10. They might ______________ (miss) the early bus. 【答案】1.have collected 2.spreading 3.to buy 4.get 5.was born 6.to finish 7.went 8.throwing 9.be 10.miss 【解析】 1. 考查现在完成时。句中时间状语 So far（到目前为止）是现在完成时的标志性词，结构为 have/has + 过去分词。主语是I，故用 have collected。 2. 考查动名词。固定搭配 be afraid of doing sth.（害怕做某事），介词 of 后面需接动名词形式。 3. 考查不定式。固定搭配 can’t afford to do sth.（负担不起做某事），afford 后接不定式作宾语。 4. 考查不定式。固定搭配 help sb. (to) do sth.（帮助某人做某事），不定式符号 to 可以省略。 5. 考查被动语态 / 固定短语。be born with... 意为 “天生具有……”。born 是 bear 的过去分词，这里表示 “出生时带有”，通常用过去式 was/were born，主语 he 对应 was。 6. 考查不定式。句中 need 前面有助动词 don’t，说明此处 need 是实义动词，固定搭配为 need to do sth.（需要做某事），否定式为 don’t need to do sth.。 7. 考查一般过去时。句中时间状语 last week（上周）表明句子用一般过去时，go 的过去式是 went。 8. 考查动名词。固定搭配 stop doing sth.（停止做某事），指停止正在进行的动作。这里指停止 “乱扔垃圾” 的行为。 9. 考查情态动词。情态动词 can’t 后面接动词原形，故用 be。 10. 考查情态动词。情态动词 might 是 may 的过去式，后面接动词原形，表示推测或许可。 二、单词拼写 1. We can’t ___________(负担得起) such an expensive house. 2. The virus can ___________(传播) quickly among people. 3. I’m afraid I have to ___________(离开) now. 4. Don’t ___________(乱扔) away the old books. 5. She was ___________(出生) with a kind heart. 6. We should help each other to ___________(度过) through difficulties. 7. I plan to ___________(拜访) my grandparents this weekend. 8. He didn’t go to school ___________(因为) of his illness. 9. I don’t like this film. It’s __________(无聊的). 10. The hospital can ___________(提供) free medicine for the poor. 11. We don’t have ___________(足够的) time to get there. 12. She felt d___________ when she heard the bad news. 13. May I ___________(借) your dictionary? 14. You ___________(也许) be right, but I’m not sure. 【答案】1.afford 2.spread 3.leave 4.throw 5.born 6.get 7.visit 8.because 9.boring 10.provide 11.enough 12.disappointed 13.borrow 14.may 【解析】 1. 动词。can’t afford sth. 表示 “负担不起某物”。句意：我们买不起这么贵的房子。 2. 动词。can 是情态动词，后面接动词原形。句意：这种病毒可以在人群中快速传播。 3. 动词。have to 后接动词原形，表示 “不得不做某事”。句意：恐怕我现在必须离开了。 4. 动词。Don’t 开头的祈使句否定形式，后接动词原形。throw away 是固定短语，意为 “扔掉”。句意：不要扔掉旧书。 5. 固定搭配。be born with 意为 “天生具有……”。句意：她天生拥有一颗善良的心。 6. 动词。get through 意为 “度过（难关）”。help sb. to do sth. 中 to 可省略，此处填 get。句意：我们应该互相帮助来度过难关。 7. 动词。plan to do sth. 计划做某事。句意：我计划这个周末去拜访我的祖父母。 8. 连词。because of 是固定短语，后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词。句意：因为生病，他没去上学。 9. 形容词。修饰物（film）表示 “令人无聊的” 用 boring；修饰人用 bored。句意：我不喜欢这部电影。它很无聊。 10. 动词。can 是情态动词，后接动词原形。provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物。句意：这家医院可以为穷人提供免费药品。 11. 形容词。enough 修饰名词 time 时，通常放在名词前面。句意：我们没有足够的时间到那里。 12. 形容词。根据首字母 d 和 “坏消息”，填 disappointed（感到失望的）。句意：当她听到这个坏消息时，她感到很失望。 13. 动词。May I...? 表示请求，后接动词原形。borrow 指 “借入”。句意：我可以借你的字典吗？ 14. 情态动词。may 表示推测，意为 “也许、可能”，符合后一句 “我不确定” 的语境。句意：你也许是对的，但我不确定。 一、单项选择 1．So far, she ________ many dishes with special tastes. A．invents B．invented C．has invented 【答案】C 【解析】句意：到目前为止，她已经发明了许多有特殊口味的菜肴。考查现在完成时。根据“So far, she...many dishes with special tastes.”可知，So far是现在完成时的标志词，句子时态是现在完成时，结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”。故选C。 2．Come on! You’ll discover a new side of yourself when you ________ all the difficulties. A．get through B．get on C．get together 【答案】A 【解析】句意：加油！当你克服所有困难时，你会发现自己新的一面。考查动词短语辨析。get through通过，克服困难；get on上车；get together聚集。根据“Come on! You’ll discover a new side of yourself ”可知，克服困难后，会发现自己新的一面，get through表示“克服”，符合语境。故选A。 3．Some students may have traffic accidents ________ breaking the rules. A．because of B．instead of C．as for 【答案】A 【解析】句意：一些学生可能会因为违反交通规则而发生交通事故。考查介词短语。because of因为；instead of而不是；as for至于。根据“Some students may have traffic accidents...breaking the rules.”可知，违反交通规则是发生交通事故的原因，应使用表示原因的介词短语。故选A。 4．Don’t be shy when you speak English ________. A．in silence B．in public C．in trouble 【答案】B 【解析】句意：当你在公共场合说英语时，不要害羞。考查介词短语辨析。in silence安静地；in public公开地，在公共场合；in trouble处于困境中。根据“Don’t be shy when you speak English”可知，此处指在公共场合说英语不要害羞，强调公开场合。故选B。 5．—Look! It ________ be Mr. Wang. —No, it ________ be him. He has gone abroad. A．may; mustn’t B．must; may not C．must; can’t D．can; may not 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——看！那一定是王先生。——不，不可能是他。他已经出国了。考查情态动词的用法。may可能；mustn’t禁止；must一定；may not不得；can’t不可能；can能。根据“Look! It…be Mr. Wang.”可知，说话者看到某人，认为那很可能是王先生，表达一种高度确定的推测，应使用must，表示“一定”；根据答语“He has gone abroad.”可知，他已出国，因此不可能是他，否定推测用can’t。故选C。 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词。 Wu Muliang is a photographer (摄影师) from a village. He is a kind boy. He takes 6 (picture) for old people in his village. He helps them 7 (remember) their daily lives. Wu’s grandparents took care of him when he was a little boy, but they couldn’t see each other often after he attended school. Wu’s grandpa 8 (die) years ago. When Wu’s family missed him, there was no picture 9 (look) at. This made Wu and his family feel very 10 (disappoint). He began to realize what a picture of the old people meant to his or her family. Wu also knew that many old people in his village didn’t have pictures, 11 (too). They didn’t have phones with cameras—a useful tool. Finally Wu found a 12 (solve) and helped the old people take pictures. Wu took pictures of his grandma and other people in the village. Some of them were not very old, but they thought the pictures 13 (fill) with their younger days. Wu learnt that it’s important to spend time with family from his experience. He will help more old people in his village and other areas. Wu’s 14 (kind) has made him a hero in his village. What’s more, he has brought a lot of joy to many 15 (family). 【答案】6．pictures 7．to remember/remember 8．died 9．to look 10．disappointed 11．either 12．solution 13．were filled 14．kindness 15．families 【解析】 6.句意：他为村里的老人拍照。根据语境可知，此处指他给老人拍多张照片，用复数形式“pictures”，故填pictures。 7.句意：他帮助他们记住他们的日常生活。根据“helps them”可知，此处考查help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，因此用动词原形“remember”或不定式“to remember”。故填to remember/remember。 8.句意：吴的爷爷几年前去世了。根据“years ago”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，“die”的过去式为“died”。故填died。 9.句意：当吴的家人想念他时，没有照片可以看。此处用不定式“to look”作后置定语，修饰“picture”，表示“没有可以看的照片”。故填to look。 10．句意：这让吴和他的家人感到非常失望。根据“feel”可知，此处用形容词作表语，修饰人用“disappointed”，表示“感到失望的”。故填disappointed。 11．句意：吴也知道他村里的许多老人也没有照片。此处表示“也没有”，且句子为否定句，因此用“either”。故填either。 12．句意：最后，吴找到了一个解决办法，并帮助老人拍照。根据“a”可知，此处用单数名词“solution”，表示“一个解决办法”。故填solution。 13．句意：他们中的有些人并不老，但他们认为这些照片充满了他们年轻时的日子。此处考查be filled with“充满”，且描述的是过去的事情，因此用一般过去时，主语“the pictures”为复数，因此be动词用“were”。故填were filled。 14．句意：吴的善良使他在村里成了英雄。根据“Wu’s”可知，此处用名词“kindness”，表示“吴的善良”。故填kindness。 15．句意：更重要的是，他给许多家庭带来了很多欢乐。根据“many”可知，此处用复数名词“families”，表示“许多家庭”。故填families。 三、完形填空 To be kind to others may not only help someone in need, but also improve our own soul. I’d like to share my experience 16 a volunteer. Last summer, I volunteered at a nursing home out of town. I went there twice a week. I 17 well with the people there. On my first day, I 18 an old man named Mr. Chen sitting alone in a wheelchair at the corner. His 19 were always fixed on the door as if he was waiting for someone to come over to see him. I got near him and greeted him, “ 20 me. How can I help you?” but he didn’t answer me at first. I told him that I was a volunteer and asked if there was anything I could do to help him, and he remained 21 . I kept bringing him tea, peeling apples for him and reading newspapers to him. Gradually, he began to share 22 about his youth. One day, he suddenly said, “You remind me of my 23 .” Tears filled his eyes. Later, I learned his son had passed away years ago. I 24 him that I would look after him like his own child. Hearing this, he became happier and I felt nice myself. This experience taught me that a small act of 25 can heal (治愈) lonely hearts. 16．A．with B．as C．for D．at 17．A．went public B．got along C．hung out D．looked into 18．A．mistook B．mentioned C．picked D．noticed 19．A．eyes B．ears C．shoulders D．hands 20．A．Pardon B．Excuse C．Follow D．Realize 21．A．silent B．close C．serious D．private 22．A．pockets B．Newspapers C．Stories D．illnesses 23．A．brother B．son C．student D．neighbour 24．A．replaced B．promised C．failed D．required 25．A．courage B．humour C．honesty D．kindness 【答案】16．B 17．B 18．D 19．A 20．B 21．A 22．C 23．B 24．B 25．D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者分享了自己在一家养老院做志愿者的经历，特别是通过陪伴和关心一位名叫陈先生的孤独老人，让他敞开心扉的故事，从而感悟到善举可以治愈孤独的心灵。 16．句意：我想分享一下我作为志愿者的经历。with和；as作为；for为了；at在。根据“share my experience…a volunteer”可知，此处指以志愿者的身份去经历。as作为介词，意为“作为；身为”，符合语境。故选B。 17．句意：我和那里的人相处得很融洽。 went public公开；got along相处；hung out闲逛；looked into调查。根据“well with the people there”可知，作者和养老院的人相处得很好。此处是固定短语get along well with sb.，意为“与某人相处融洽”。故选B。 18．句意：第一天，我注意到一位名叫陈先生的老人，独自坐在角落里的轮椅上。mistook弄错；mentioned提及；picked挑选；noticed注意到。根据“an old man named Mr. Chen sitting alone”可知，作者注意到了老人的存在。故选D。 19．句意：他的眼睛一直盯着门，仿佛在等有人过来探望他。 eyes眼睛；ears耳朵；shoulders肩膀；hands手。根据“fixed on the door as if he was waiting for someone to come over to see him”可知，在等待别人来探望时，通常是用眼睛盯着门口看。故选A。 20．句意：我走近他打招呼：“打扰一下，我能帮您什么吗？” Pardon原谅（用于没听清对方的话）；Excuse原谅；Follow跟随；Realize意识到。根据“How can I help you?”可知，这是作者主动上前打招呼的场景，应用“Excuse me”来客气地引起对方注意。Excuse me意为“劳驾；打扰一下”。故选B。 21．句意：我告诉他我是志愿者，问他有没有什么需要帮忙的，他却保持沉默。silent沉默的；close亲密的；serious严肃的；private私人的。根据“he didn’t answer me at first”可知，他没回答作者，因此是保持沉默的状态。remained silent意为“保持沉默”。故选A。 22．句意：渐渐地，他开始分享他年轻时的故事。pockets口袋；Newspapers报纸；Stories故事；illnesses疾病。根据“about his youth”可知，老人开始分享他年轻时的故事。故选C。 23．句意：有一天，他突然说：“你让我想起了我的儿子。” brother兄弟；son儿子；student学生；neighbour邻居。根据“I learned his son had passed away years ago.”可知，老人是因为作者让他想起了去世的儿子而触景生情。故选B。 24．句意：我向他承诺，我会像他的亲生孩子一样照顾他。replaced代替；promised承诺；failed失败；required要求。根据“I would look after him like his own child”可知，作者向老人承诺：会像他的亲生孩子一样照顾他。故选B。 25．句意：这段经历让我明白，一个小小的善举就能治愈孤独的心灵。courage勇气；humour幽默；honesty诚实；kindness善良。根据“To be kind to others may not only help someone in need”以及全文讲述的志愿者关爱老人的故事可知，贯穿全文的主题是善良。act of kindness意为“善举”。故选D。 四、阅读理解 Feng Boyao and Meng Shuqi found their city library didn’t have enough Braille (盲文) books for blind people and many of the Braille books were old. So they decided to help the blind by fixing the problem. Feng and Meng both studied at No. 37Middle School in Taiyuan, Shanxi. They invented (发明) a new kind of Braille reader. Their Braille reader can turn words into raised dots(凸起的点). Blind people can read by touching the dots. Their work won first prize in a national competition. The competition helps young students to develop creative thinking skills and solve problems. “We found that today’s Braille readers are very difficult and expensive,” Feng said. “So we wanted to develop a user-friendly product (产品) for blind children from grades 1 to 3. It is only about 2,000 yuan.” After making their first machine, Feng and Meng visited a school for the blind to get advice and improved it according to the students’ needs, like changing the size of the screen and the space between the dots. “The latest Braille readers now are expensive for most blind people. We hope the product will soon be in use and help those blind people.” Meng told Taiyuan News. 26．Why did the two students invent a new kind of Braille reader? A．To make money. B．To win a reading competition. C．To help teenagers solve problems. D．To make more Braille books available. 27．What did Feng and Meng do to improve the machine? a. visited the blind for advice b. changed the number of the dots c. changed the size of the screen d. learned Braille themselves A．a and b B．a and c C．b and d D．c and d 28．What do you think of Feng and Meng? A．Talented and helpful. B．Outgoing and funny. C．Handsome and quiet. D．Strict and serious. 【答案】26．D 27．B 28．A 【解析】【导语】本文讲述了冯伯尧和孟淑琪两位中学生发现城市图书馆盲文书籍不足且陈旧，于是发明了一种新型盲文阅读器来帮助盲人的故事。 26．细节理解题。根据“Feng Boyao and Meng Shuqi found their city library didn't have enough Braille books for blind people and many of the Braille books were old. So they decided to help the blind by fixing the problem.”可知，他们发现图书馆盲文书籍不够且陈旧，因此想通过发明新型盲文阅读器来解决这一问题，让更多盲文书籍可被使用。故选D。 27．细节理解题。根据第四段“After making their first machine, Feng and Meng visited a school for the blind to get advice and improved it according to the students' needs, like changing the size of the screen and the space between the dots.”可知，他们去盲人学校征求意见，并根据学生需求改进了机器，例如改变了屏幕尺寸和点之间的距离。a选项“visited the blind for advice”（拜访盲人征求意见）和c选项“changed the size of the screen”（改变屏幕尺寸）均符合原文。故选B。 28．推理判断题。根据文章内容，他们能够发现社会问题并运用创造力发明盲文阅读器来解决，展现了才华；他们关心盲人群体，希望帮助他们，体现了乐于助人的品质。因此，他们是有才华且乐于助人的。故选A。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $