Unit 2 Growing pains and gains (Starting out & Understanding ideas & Grammar)（导学案）英语新教材外研版八年级下册

Unit 2 Growing pains and gains Starting out & Understanding ideas & Grammar 1. 掌握Unit 2 Starting out & Understanding ideas & Grammar部分的重点单词、短语和句型； · 单词：pm, promise, lamp, blouse, pale, policewoman, point, lazy, sofa, term, spend, conversation, loss confidence, courage, failure, risk, fear, elderly · 短语：keep one’s promises, promise to do sth., out of breath, head back, be cross with · 句型：(1) ... was attached ... (2) ... was taken by ... 2. 掌握一般过去时的被动语态用法。 一、单词填空 1. On New Year's Eve, my parents and I sat on the __________（长沙发）watching the Spring Festival Gala. 2. I bought a red __________（女衬衫）for my school concert last weekend. 3. Our English teacher asked us to write down the language __________（要点）carefully. 4. Look! The __________ (policewoman) on duty at the Bund in Shanghai are so cool! 5. There is a famous saying, “__________ (fail) is the mother of success.” 6. This is the __________ (lazy) dog I have ever seen. 【答案】1. sofa 2. blouse 3. points 4. policewomen 5. Failure 6. laziest 【解析】 1. 根据中文提示“长沙发”，对应的英文单词是 sofa。故填 sofa。 2. 根据中文提示“女衬衫”，对应的英文单词是 blouse。前面有不定冠词 a，用单数形式。故填 blouse。 3. 根据中文提示“要点”，英文是 point，此处表示多个要点，用复数形式 points。故填 points。 4. 句中 be 动词是 are，表明主语为复数，policewoman 的复数形式是 policewomen。故填 policewomen。 5. 此处需要名词作主语，fail 是动词，其名词形式是 failure，位于句首首字母大写。故填 Failure。 6. the + 形容词最高级 + … I have ever seen 表示“我见过最……的”，lazy 的最高级是 laziest。故填 laziest。 二、翻译 1．我们应该永远信守承诺，否则没有人会再信任我们了。（keep one’s promise） 2．他尽可能快地跑去赶公交车，所以上车时他气喘吁吁。（out of breath） 3．我们吃完野餐之后，决定在天黑之前回家。（head back） 4．我妈妈对我很生气，因为我又忘记打扫我的房间了。（be cross with） 5．今天早上我收到礼物时，一个小纸条被附在了礼盒上。（be attached to） 【答案】1．We should always keep our promises, or no one will trust us anymore. 2. He ran as fast as he could to catch the bus, so he was out of breath when he got on it. 3. After we finished our picnic, we decided to head back home before it got dark. 4. My mother was cross with me because I forgot to clean my room again. 5. A small note was attached to the gift box when I received it this morning. 【解析】 1. 根据中文提示“信守承诺”，对应的英文短语是 keep one’s promise，should 后接动词原形，主语为 we，故用 our 对应。故答案为We should always keep our promises, or no one will trust us anymore. 2. 根据中文提示“气喘吁吁”，对应的英文短语是 ，该短语为固定搭配，可直接作表语。故答案为He ran as fast as he could to catch the bus, so he was out of breath when he got on it. 3. 根据中文提示“返回”，对应的英文短语是 head back，decide to 后接动词原形，直接使用短语原形即可。 故答案为After we finished our picnic, we decided to head back home before it got dark. 4. 根据中文提示“对……生气”，对应的英文短语是 be cross with，由 forgot 可知句子为一般过去时，主语 my mother 为第三人称单数，be 动词用 was。故答案为My mother was cross with me because I forgot to clean my room again. 5. 根据中文提示“被附在……上”，对应的英文短语是 be attached to，句子主语 a small note 与 attach 之间是被动关系，由 this morning 可知句子为一般过去时，被动语态结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语为单数。故答案为A small note was attached to the gift box when I received it this morning. 第一部分 Starting out & Understanding ideas 【知识梳理1】I should always keep my promises. promise 动词 承诺；答应；保证 名词 承诺；诺言；约定 名词复数形式是__________ 短语：承诺做某事__________________ 许下承诺_______________ 信守承诺____________________ 违背承诺_______________ 【答案】promises promise to do sth. make a promise keep a/one’s promise break a promise 【即时练习】 1. He always keeps his __________（承诺）, so everyone trusts him. 2. He __________（承诺）to study hard and get good grades last term. Finally he did it! 3. 一旦你许下承诺，信守承诺是很重要的。（翻译句子） _______________________________________________________ 【答案】1. promises 2. promised 3. It’s important to keep a promise once you make it. 【知识梳理2】The son runs through the door, out of breath. breath 名词 呼吸 动词形式是___________ 形容词 喘不过气的___________ 短语：气喘吁吁___________________ 深呼吸 __________________ 喘口气 ___________________ 屏住呼吸__________________ 【答案】breathe breathless out of breath take a breath catch one’s breath hold one’s breath 【即时练习】 1. We need fresh air to _________ (breath) . 2. After running for 10 minutes, I was out of _________ (breathe) . 3. 他深吸了两口气来冷静下来。（翻译句子） __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1. breathe 2. breath 3. He took two deep breaths to calm down. 【知识梳理3】I was heading back at 8:30. head back 前往 同义短语______________ 我们在下雨前返回吧。_________________________________________ 【答案】go/come/turn back Let’s head back before it starts to rain. 【即时练习】 1.天晚了，我们最好马上回家。 _________________________________________ 2. I need ___________ (head) back to the classroom to get my book. 3. She ___________ (head) back home already. 【答案】1. It’s getting late, we’d better head back home at once. 2. to head 3. has headed 【知识梳理4】On my way back, I realised that my phone was at Jiacheng’s house. realise 动词 意识到；明白；实现 美式拼法是_________ 名词形式是___________________ realise +从句 意识到…… 我意识到我错了。（翻译句子） ______________________________________ realise +名词 实现…… 她最终实现了她的梦想。（翻译句子） ______________________________________ 【答案】realize realisation/realization I realised (that) I was wrong. She realised her dream at last. 【即时练习】 1. She _____________ (not realise) the truth yet. 2. I believe that we will ________ (realise) our dreams one day. 3. Didn’t you _________ (realise) your mistake just now? 【答案】1. hasn’t realised 2. realise 3. realise 【知识梳理5】She was wearing a thin blouse and it was cold. wear 动词 穿；戴（状态） 现在分词形式是_______ 过去式是________ 过去分词形式是_______ 意思相近：穿上（动作）____________ 穿着……色______ 她今天穿一条红裙子。（翻译句子） _________________________________________ 【答案】wearing wore worn put on in She wears a red dress today. 【即时练习】 1. He ______ (wear) a hat yesterday. 2. It’s very cold out side. Please _____ your coat. A. in B. wear C. put on 3. The girl ______ red is my sister. A. wears B. in C. puts on 【答案】1. wore 2. C 3. B 【知识梳理6】After that I ran to pick up my phone and came home. pick 动词 摘 短语：捡起；（开车）接某人__________ 挑选出；辨认出__________ 仔细挑选；筛选__________ 【答案】pick up pick out pick over 【即时练习】 1. You can ______ the one you like best. A. pick up B. pick out C. pick 2. Can you ______ Tony this afternoon? A. pick out B. pick over C. pick up 3. 摘花是不好的行为。（翻译句子） _______________________________________ 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. It’s not good to pick flowers. 【知识梳理7】I’m sorry for being cross with you. cross 动词 穿过；越过 名词 十字形记号 形容词 生气的 副词形式是_________ 对某人生气__________________ = __________________ 因某事对某人生气____________________ 她因为他的错误而生他的气。（翻译句子） ___________________________________________________ 【答案】crossly be cross with sb. = be angry with sb. be cross/angry with sb. about sth. She was cross/angry with him about his mistake. 【即时练习】 1. It’s dangerous __________ (cross) the street without looking at the traffic lights. 2. He said __________ (cross), “Don’t do that again!” 3. 她因为打碎的杯子生她妹妹的气。（翻译句子） _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】1. to cross 2. crossly 3. She is/was cross/angry with her sister about the broken cup. 第二部分 Grammar 一般过去时的被动语态用法 【知识梳理1】一般过去时的被动语态 一般过去时的被动语态描述过去发生的被动动作，强调动作在过去某个时间点或时间段对主语造成的影响或结果，动作执行者常因不明确或不重要而省略。其基本结构如下： 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 The bridge was built in 2020. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 I wasn’t invited to the party last night. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t. Were these photos taken by your brother? Yes, they were. No, they weren’t. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词? When were the trees planted? 【即时练习】 1. The important family meeting _____________ (interrupt) by my little brother’s loud music last night. 2. We cleaned the classroom after school yesterday.（改为含被动语态的句子） The classroom _________ ________ by us after school yesterday. 3. Peter’s invitation was accepted by the whole class . （改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） __________ Perter’s invitation __________ __________ the whole class? No, __________ __________. 【答案】1. was interrupted 2. was cleaned 3. Was accepted by it wasn’t 【知识梳理2】判断使用一般过去时被动语态的基本方法 1. 看时间：有yesterday, just now, last ..., ... ago, in 2025等过去时间 → 用过去时。 2. 看主语：主语是“被……”（被做、被建、被发现、被打破）→ 用被动。 3. 看动词：及物动词（能加宾语）才能变被动：clean, finish, invite, build, make等。 【即时练习】 1. Two days ago, a sign _________ (put) up to remind people of the danger of landslide ahead. 2. Luckily, the project __________ (finish) by the team in time. 3. These toys __________ (make) in China last year. 【答案】1. was put 2. was finished 3. were made 【知识梳理3】一般过去时被动语态的记忆口诀 过去被动记心间，was/were加过去分词。 主语承受动作时，被动语态来出现。 否定not 加中间，疑问was/were 提前。 by后动作执行者，不必说出可省略。 【快速判断小技巧】 看到was/were +动词 -ed → 90%是一般过去时被动 看到by… → 优先想被动 主语是物，又表 “被……” →被动 【即时练习】 1. My new book __________ (lend) to my best friend yesterday. 2. The computer was finally __________ (repair) by him. 3. 我被告知会议被推迟了。（翻译句子） __________________________________________________________ 【答案】1. was lent 2. repaired 3. I was told that the meeting was put off. 【知识梳理4】一般过去时被动语态的特殊情况 1. make / have / let 被动必须加 to 主动：make sb. do sth. 被动：be made to do sth. He was made to work all day. 他被迫整天工作。 She was made to clean the room. 她被要求打扫房间。 口诀：主动不带to，被动要加to 2. 感官动词：see / hear / watch / notice 主动：see sb. do sth. 被动：be seen to do sth. He was seen to enter the room.有人看见他进了房间。 She was heard to sing. 有人听见她唱歌。 3. 不及物动词/短语没有被动 这些词不能用被动：happen, take place, appear, disappear, last, break out（爆发） √ The accident happened yesterday. × The accident was happened. √ The game took place last week. ×The game was taken place. 4. 带双宾语的动词：give, send, buy 可以有两种被动： He gave me a book. → I was given a book. → A book was given to me. She sent him a letter. → He was sent a letter. → A letter was sent to him. 5. 一些动词主动表被动 wash, sell, clean, write, read 等，表示主语性质时主动表被动： The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来很顺。 根据以上内容设计10道题，有句型转换、翻译句子 【即时练习】 1. We saw him enter the office.（改为一般过去时被动语态） He ______ ______ ______ enter the office. 2. She sent him a postcard.（改为一般过去时被动语态，两种形式） He ______ ______ a postcard. A postcard ______ ______ ______ him. 3. 昨天发生了一起严重的交通事故。（翻译句子） ______________________________________________________ 【答案】1. was seen to 2. was sent was sent to 3. A serious traffic accident happened yesterday. 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. After running for a long time, he stopped to take a ______ (breath). 2. He ______ (promise) to help me with my English yesterday, but he didn’t come. 3. These ______ (lamp) were made in China and sold well all over the world last year. 4. Two ______ (policewoman) helped the lost child find his parents last Saturday. 5. He looked ______ (pale) because he didn’t eat anything for a whole day. 6. I _______ (remind) by my parents to finish my homework before playing computer games yesterday. 【答案】 1. promised 2．promised 3．lamps 4．policewomen 5．pale 6．was reminded 【解析】 1. take a breath 是固定搭配，意为“喘口气”，breath为名词，前面有不定冠词a，用单数形式。故填breath。 2.句中有时间状语yesterday，表示过去发生的动作，谓语动词用一般过去时。故填promised。 3. these 为“这些”，后面接可数名词复数，lamp 的复数形式是lamps。故填lamps。 4.数词two后面接可数名词复数，要用policewoman的复数形式。故填policewomen。 5. look是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，pale 本身就是形容词，意为“苍白的”。故填 pale。 6. yesterday表示过去，主语I是被提醒，要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was reminded。 二、单词拼写 7. She __________（意识到）how important English was when she failed the exam. 8. The __________（台灯）on the desk gives us bright light to read. 9. We all felt __________（骄傲的）of her when she won the competition. 10. The __________（年老的）people should be well respected. 11. This __________（学期）will be very short. 12. The company __________（花费）a lot of money on the new robot before it was put into the market. 13. The __________（谈话）with my head teacher made me feel better. 14. My father was __________（生气的）with me when he heard what I did. 15. Tony kept a __________（承诺）to Linda --- he would help her practise English. 16. He threw the ball back with a quick flick of the __________（手腕）. 【答案】7. realised/realized 8. lamp 9. proud 10. elderly 11. term 12. spent 13. conversation 14. cross/angry 15. promise 16. wrist 【解析】 7. 根据从句failed可知句子用一般过去时，“意识到”是realize，过去式为realised/realized。故填realised/realized。 8. “台灯”对应的英文单词是 lamp，此处特指桌上的这盏台灯，用单数。故填lamp。 9. feel proud of… 是固定搭配，意为“为……感到骄傲”，proud 为形容词“骄傲的”。故填proud。 10. 表示“年老的、年长的”，且作定语修饰people，用elderly。故填elderly。 11. “学期”对应的英文单词是term，this后接单数名词。故填term。 12. spend…on… 表示“在……上花费……”，由从句was可知用一般过去时，spend的过去式是spent。故填spent。 13. “谈话”对应的英文单词是conversation，此处特指这次谈话，用单数。故填conversation。 14. be angry/cross with sb. 是固定搭配，意为“生某人的气”，angry和cross均表示“生气的”。故填cross/angry。 15. keep a promise 表示“遵守承诺”，冠词a后接名词单数。故填promise。 16. “手腕”对应的英文单词是 wrist。故填wrist。 一、词汇运用 1. He ______ (pick) up the bread and ate it quickly. 【答案】picked 【解析】and连接并列谓语，ate是过去式，前面动词也要用过去式，故填picked。 2. They finally agreed to the ______ (deal). 【答案】deal 【解析】the后面接名词，deal作名词意为“协议、交易”，故填deal。 3. They finished the work and are ______ (head) back home. 【答案】heading 【解析】are后面用现在分词构成现在进行时，head back 表示“返回”，故填heading。 4. Don’t be ______（懒惰的）. Let’s clean the classroom together. 【答案】lazy 【解析】be动词后接形容词作表语，“懒惰的”英文是lazy，故填lazy。 5. We listened to the teacher carefully in class so that we wouldn’t miss any important _____（要点）. 【答案】points 【解析】any可接可数名词复数，point表示“要点”，此处用复数points，故填points。 6. Can you guess the _____（情节）of the movie? 【答案】plot 【解析】the后面接名词，“情节”的英文是plot，故填plot。 7. She could hear him _____（呼吸）softly at that moment. 【答案】breathing 【解析】hear sb. doing sth. 表示“听见某人正在做某事”，at that moment是“在那时”，“呼吸”是 breathe，现在分词为breathing，故填breathing。 8. Do you know the boy who is w______ the school uniform? 【答案】wearing 【解析】is后面用现在分词构成现在进行时，wear the school uniform 表示“穿校服”，故填wearing。 9. The label was a______ to the bag. 【答案】attached 【解析】be attached to是固定搭配，意为“贴在……上、附在……上”，故填attached。 10. Don’t be w______. Everything will be fine. 【答案】worried 【解析】be worried是固定搭配，意为“担心的、焦虑的”，故填worried。 二、单项选择 11. Paul ____ by the doctor not to smoke any more. A. was told B. were told C. tell D. told 【答案】A 【解析】句意：保罗被医生告知不要再吸烟了。主语Paul是单数，且是“被告诉”，要用一般过去时的被动语态was told。故选A。 12. Tina promised ____ me with my homework. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped 【答案】B 【解析】句意：蒂娜答应帮我做作业。promise to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“答应做某事”。故选B。 13. Mike picked ____ the book and two pens from the table. A. to B. up C. on D. of 【答案】B 【解析】句意：迈克从桌子上捡起了那本书和两支笔。pick up 是固定短语，意为“捡起”。故选B。 14. It’s reported that China’s Shenzhou-20 ____ into space on April 24, 2025. A. will be sent B. was sent C. sends D. sent 【答案】B 【解析】句意：据报道，中国神舟二十号于2025年4月24日被送入太空。2025年4月24日是过去时间，且飞船是“被发射”，用一般过去时被动语态was sent。故选B。 15. When Tom told his father the truth, his father ____ that he was really sorry. A. realises B. realised C. realisation D. will realise 【答案】B 【解析】句意：当汤姆告诉他父亲真相时，他父亲意识到他真的很抱歉。从句“When Tom told his father the truth” 中可知，整个事情发生在过去，主句的动作和从句同时发生，因此主句也要用一般过去时。realise的过去式是 realised。故选B。 三、完形填空 It was a cloudy afternoon. Heavy     16      was coming. Even so, Bob didn't want to go home. He just had a terrible argument with his mum and ran out of the      17     . He sat down alone near a park where many children were playing with their parents. Bob felt a little      18     . After a while, a little girl with a ball in her hands came towards Bob and invited him to     19      with her. Bob had a good time with the little girl. He was so      20      at that moment that he almost forgot his sadness.     21     , nobody came to take the girl home when it began to rain. The girl, however, seemed fine. She told Bob that her parents were busy      22      snacks across the road but they always kept an eye on her. This made Bob      23      whether his parents were worried about him too.In the end, he took the little girl to her parents' vendor stand(售货摊) and then ran home quickly. The moment Bob opened the      24     , his mum was close to tears. She shouted,“Where did you go? I      25      you everywhere! See how wet your coat is! Don't ask for my help even if you get a cold tonight!” But Bob knew she wasn't angry at all. 16. A. snow B. rain C. smoke D. wind 17. A. store B. park C. house D. hotel 18. A. lonely B. tired C. nervous D. crazy 19. A. work B. talk C. agree D. play 20. A. happy B. proud C. afraid D. angry 21. A. Luckily B. Interestingly C. Surprisingly D. Successfully 22. A. painting B. eating C. taking D. selling 23. A. wonder B. see C. tell D. decide 24. A. eye B. mouth C. door D. window 25. A. called on B. looked for C. asked about D. waited for 【答案】 16．B 17．C 18．A 19．D 20．A 21．C 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．B 【解析】本文主要讲述Bob与妈妈吵架后跑出家门、遇小女孩后醒悟回家的故事。 16. 句意：那是一个多云的下午，大雨就要来了。 后文出现“when it began to rain”，提示是下雨。故选B。 17. 句意：他刚和妈妈吵了一架，跑出了房子。 和妈妈吵架，应该是从家里跑出来。故选C。 18. 句意：他独自坐在公园附近，看到很多孩子和父母一起玩，Bob 感到有点孤独。 alone 对应 lonely（孤独的）。故选A。 19. 句意：过了一会儿，一个拿着球的小女孩走向 Bob，邀请他一起玩。 拿着球，是邀请一起玩。故选D。 20. 句意：那一刻他非常开心，几乎忘记了悲伤。 had a good time 对应 happy。故选A。 21. 句意：令人惊讶的是，开始下雨时没有人来接小女孩回家。 下雨却没人来接，让人意外。故选C。 22. 句意：她告诉 Bob，她的父母正在马路对面卖小吃，但一直看着她。 后文 vendor stand（售货摊）提示是卖东西。故选D。 23. 句意：这让 Bob 想知道他的父母是否也在担心他。 wonder whether… 表示“想知道是否……”。故选A。 24. 句意：Bob 一打开门，他妈妈就快要哭了。 回家应该是打开门。故选C。 25. 句意：你去哪儿了？我到处都在找你！ look for 寻找，符合语境。故选B。 四、阅读理解 Sometimes, family life can be hard. Our family had lots of ups and downs. I have an elder brother and an elder sister. I'm the baby boy in the family. We grew up in a small house. My mum and dad often argued over small things. My brother and sister argued, too, and I used to argue as well. But as I got older, I always chose to be the mediator(调解员). I would try to listen to both sides and then bring them together to make peace.“Dad, you shouldn't say that to Mum, but Mum, try to see it in this way. Come on, we all should love each other.” This method often worked. I learned a lot while growing up in our family including understanding others, being patient and accepting that sometimes things just don't go our way. We may say something we don't really mean, especially when we are angry. But it's important to calm down and try to understand each other. Of course, it's normal to argue sometimes, yet we should also find a way to fix the problem. As long as we can reflect and treat family members with understanding and care, we can help each other out and weather the storm. 26. What do we know about the writer's family? A. The family has two girls. B. The writer is the youngest. C. The writer never argues with his parents. D. His parents get along well with kids. 27. What did the writer often do as a mediator? A. He did nothing but watch. B. He started a conversation angrily. C. He tried to make peace. D. He helped one side to fight the other. 28. What did the writer learn from his family? A. Knowledge is useless in communication. B. Family members shouldn't share feelings with each other. C. Arguments are always bad and should never happen. D. Family members should understand and care about each other. 29. What does the underlined phrase “weather the storm” mean? A. Get through difficulties successfully. B. Ask someone for help when in trouble. C. Tell exactly what the weather will be like. D. Explain what to do during a storm. 30.What might be the best title for the passage? A. My parents' bad days B. Growing up in a small house C. My happy childhood D. Helping my family get along 【答案】26．B 27．C 28．D 29．A 30．D 【解析】本文主要讲述的是作者在充满矛盾的家庭中成长，主动担任调解员，从中学会理解、耐心和关爱家人的故事。 26. 根据文中“I have an elder brother and an elder sister. I'm the baby boy in the family.”可知，作者有一个哥哥和一个姐姐，是家里最小的孩子。A选项“家里有两个女孩”错误（只有一个姐姐）；C选项“作者从不和父母争吵”错误（文中提到“I used to argue as well”）；D选项“父母和孩子相处融洽”错误（文中提到父母经常争吵）。故选B。 27. 根据文中“I would try to listen to both sides and then bring them together to make peace.”可知，作者作为调解员，会倾听双方的想法，努力让他们和好、达成和平。A选项“什么都不做只是看着”、B选项“生气地开启对话”、D选项“帮助一方对抗另一方”均与原文不符。故选C。 28. 根据文中“I learned a lot while growing up in our family including understanding others, being patient”以及“it's important to calm down and try to understand each other”“treat family members with understanding and care”可知，作者从家庭中学会了家人之间应该相互理解和关爱。A选项“知识在沟通中无用”、B选项“家人不应该分享感受”、C选项“争吵总是不好的，永远不应该发生”均与原文不符。故选D。 29. 结合上下文，作者提到家人之间会有争吵，但只要反思、相互理解和关爱，就能互相帮助，度过这些困难。“weather the storm”字面意为“经受住暴风雨”，结合语境此处指“成功度过困难”。B选项“遇到麻烦时向别人求助”、C选项“准确说出天气情况”、D选项“解释暴风雨期间该做什么”均不符合语境。故选A。 30. 文章主要围绕作者在家庭中主动担任调解员，帮助家人和好、相处融洽展开，核心是“帮助家人相处”。A选项“我父母的糟糕日子”、B选项“在小房子里长大”、C选项“我快乐的童年”均未抓住文章核心。故选D。 五、补全对话 根据对话内容，在空白处写出恰当的句子，使对话意思连贯完整。所写句子应与所给的标点符号一致。 A: You look unhappy. 31 B: The relationship between my parents and me has become difficult. A: 32 B: Sure. My parents always want me to get the first prize in our class. I am under great pressure. A: 33 Tell them that you always try your best. Don’t push yourself so hard. B: I don’t want to talk with them. 34 A: Maybe you could write a letter to them. B: Yes, I agree. Then it can improve our relationship. A: What a smart boy! B: 35 【答案】31．What’s wrong? 32．Can you tell me why? 33．Why don’t you talk with them? 34．They won’t listen to me. 35．Thanks for your advice. 【解析】本文是一段同学间的日常对话，主要围绕B因父母过高的成绩要求而感到压力大、亲子关系紧张展开，A为B提供了沟通建议，最终B决定写信改善亲子关系。 31. 上句A说“你看起来不高兴”，下句B回答自己和父母的关系出了问题，此处应是询问对方怎么了、出什么事了，故填What’s wrong? 32. 下句B回答了具体原因“父母总是想让我考第一，压力很大”，且用Sure回应，说明此处是询问原因的一般疑问句，故填Can you tell me why? 33. 下句A给出建议“告诉他们你已经尽力了”，且后文中B说“我不想和他们谈”，说明此处是建议对方和父母沟通，故填Why don’t you talk with them? 34. 上句B说“我不想和他们谈”，此处应说明不想沟通的原因，即认为父母不会听自己说，故填They won’t listen to me. 35. 上句A夸奖B聪明，且A之前给出了建议，B对此应表示感谢对方的建议，故填Thanks for your advice. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Growing pains and gains Starting out & Understanding ideas & Grammar 1. 掌握Unit 2 Starting out & Understanding ideas & Grammar部分的重点单词、短语和句型； · 单词：pm, promise, lamp, blouse, pale, policewoman, point, lazy, sofa, term, spend, conversation, loss confidence, courage, failure, risk, fear, elderly · 短语：keep one’s promises, promise to do sth., out of breath, head back, be cross with · 句型：(1) ... was attached ... (2) ... was taken by ... 2. 掌握一般过去时的被动语态用法。 一、单词填空 1. On New Year's Eve, my parents and I sat on the __________（长沙发）watching the Spring Festival Gala. 2. I bought a red __________（女衬衫）for my school concert last weekend. 3. Our English teacher asked us to write down the language __________（要点）carefully. 4. Look! The __________ (policewoman) on duty at the Bund in Shanghai are so cool! 5. There is a famous saying, “__________ (fail) is the mother of success.” 6. This is the __________ (lazy) dog I have ever seen. 二、翻译 1．我们应该永远信守承诺，否则没有人会再信任我们了。（keep one’s promise） 2．他尽可能快地跑去赶公交车，所以上车时他气喘吁吁。（out of breath） 3．我们吃完野餐之后，决定在天黑之前回家。（head back） 4．我妈妈对我很生气，因为我又忘记打扫我的房间了。（be cross with） 5．今天早上我收到礼物时，一个小纸条被附在了礼盒上。（be attached to） 第一部分 Starting out & Understanding ideas 【知识梳理1】I should always keep my promises. promise 动词 承诺；答应；保证 名词 承诺；诺言；约定 名词复数形式是__________ 短语：承诺做某事__________________ 许下承诺_______________ 信守承诺____________________ 违背承诺_______________ 【即时练习】 1. He always keeps his __________（承诺）, so everyone trusts him. 2. He __________（承诺）to study hard and get good grades last term. Finally he did it! 3. 一旦你许下承诺，信守承诺是很重要的。（翻译句子） _______________________________________________________ 【知识梳理2】The son runs through the door, out of breath. breath 名词 呼吸 动词形式是___________ 形容词 喘不过气的___________ 短语：气喘吁吁___________________ 深呼吸 __________________ 喘口气 ___________________ 屏住呼吸__________________ 【即时练习】 1. We need fresh air to _________ (breath) . 2. After running for 10 minutes, I was out of _________ (breathe) . 3. 他深吸了两口气来冷静下来。（翻译句子） __________________________________________________________________ 【知识梳理3】I was heading back at 8:30. head back 前往 同义短语______________ 我们在下雨前返回吧。_________________________________________ 【即时练习】 1.天晚了，我们最好马上回家。 _________________________________________ 2. I need ___________ (head) back to the classroom to get my book. 3. She ___________ (head) back home already. 【知识梳理4】On my way back, I realised that my phone was at Jiacheng’s house. realise 动词 意识到；明白；实现 美式拼法是_________ 名词形式是___________________ realise +从句 意识到…… 我意识到我错了。（翻译句子） ______________________________________ realise +名词 实现…… 她最终实现了她的梦想。（翻译句子） ______________________________________ 【即时练习】 1. She _____________ (not realise) the truth yet. 2. I believe that we will ________ (realise) our dreams one day. 3. Didn’t you _________ (realise) your mistake just now? 【知识梳理5】She was wearing a thin blouse and it was cold. wear 动词 穿；戴（状态） 现在分词形式是_______ 过去式是________ 过去分词形式是_______ 意思相近：穿上（动作）____________ 穿着……色______ 她今天穿一条红裙子。（翻译句子） _________________________________________ 【即时练习】 1. He ______ (wear) a hat yesterday. 2. It’s very cold out side. Please _____ your coat. A. in B. wear C. put on 3. The girl ______ red is my sister. A. wears B. in C. puts on 【知识梳理6】After that I ran to pick up my phone and came home. pick 动词 摘 短语：捡起；（开车）接某人__________ 挑选出；辨认出__________ 仔细挑选；筛选__________ 【即时练习】 1. You can ______ the one you like best. A. pick up B. pick out C. pick 2. Can you ______ Tony this afternoon? A. pick out B. pick over C. pick up 3. 摘花是不好的行为。（翻译句子） _______________________________________ 【知识梳理7】I’m sorry for being cross with you. cross 动词 穿过；越过 名词 十字形记号 形容词 生气的 副词形式是_________ 对某人生气__________________ = __________________ 因某事对某人生气____________________ 她因为他的错误而生他的气。（翻译句子） ___________________________________________________ 【即时练习】 1. It’s dangerous __________ (cross) the street without looking at the traffic lights. 2. He said __________ (cross), “Don’t do that again!” 3. 她因为打碎的杯子生她妹妹的气。（翻译句子） _____________________________________________________________ 第二部分 Grammar 一般过去时的被动语态用法 【知识梳理1】一般过去时的被动语态 一般过去时的被动语态描述过去发生的被动动作，强调动作在过去某个时间点或时间段对主语造成的影响或结果，动作执行者常因不明确或不重要而省略。其基本结构如下： 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 The bridge was built in 2020. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 I wasn’t invited to the party last night. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t. Were these photos taken by your brother? Yes, they were. No, they weren’t. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词? When were the trees planted? 【即时练习】 1. The important family meeting _____________ (interrupt) by my little brother’s loud music last night. 2. We cleaned the classroom after school yesterday.（改为含被动语态的句子） The classroom _________ ________ by us after school yesterday. 3. Peter’s invitation was accepted by the whole class . （改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） __________ Perter’s invitation __________ __________ the whole class? No, __________ __________. 【知识梳理2】判断使用一般过去时被动语态的基本方法 1. 看时间：有yesterday, just now, last ..., ... ago, in 2025等过去时间 → 用过去时。 2. 看主语：主语是“被……”（被做、被建、被发现、被打破）→ 用被动。 3. 看动词：及物动词（能加宾语）才能变被动：clean, finish, invite, build, make等。 【即时练习】 1. Two days ago, a sign _________ (put) up to remind people of the danger of landslide ahead. 2. Luckily, the project __________ (finish) by the team in time. 3. These toys __________ (make) in China last year. 【知识梳理3】一般过去时被动语态的记忆口诀 过去被动记心间，was/were加过去分词。 主语承受动作时，被动语态来出现。 否定not 加中间，疑问was/were 提前。 by后动作执行者，不必说出可省略。 【快速判断小技巧】 看到was/were +动词 -ed → 90%是一般过去时被动 看到by… → 优先想被动 主语是物，又表 “被……” →被动 【即时练习】 1. My new book __________ (lend) to my best friend yesterday. 2. The computer was finally __________ (repair) by him. 3. 我被告知会议被推迟了。（翻译句子） __________________________________________________________ 【知识梳理4】一般过去时被动语态的特殊情况 1. make / have / let 被动必须加 to 主动：make sb. do sth. 被动：be made to do sth. He was made to work all day. 他被迫整天工作。 She was made to clean the room. 她被要求打扫房间。 口诀：主动不带to，被动要加to 2. 感官动词：see / hear / watch / notice 主动：see sb. do sth. 被动：be seen to do sth. He was seen to enter the room.有人看见他进了房间。 She was heard to sing. 有人听见她唱歌。 3. 不及物动词/短语没有被动 这些词不能用被动：happen, take place, appear, disappear, last, break out（爆发） √ The accident happened yesterday. × The accident was happened. √ The game took place last week. ×The game was taken place. 4. 带双宾语的动词：give, send, buy 可以有两种被动： He gave me a book. → I was given a book. → A book was given to me. She sent him a letter. → He was sent a letter. → A letter was sent to him. 5. 一些动词主动表被动 wash, sell, clean, write, read 等，表示主语性质时主动表被动： The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来很顺。 根据以上内容设计10道题，有句型转换、翻译句子 【即时练习】 1. We saw him enter the office.（改为一般过去时被动语态） He ______ ______ ______ enter the office. 2. She sent him a postcard.（改为一般过去时被动语态，两种形式） He ______ ______ a postcard. A postcard ______ ______ ______ him. 3. 昨天发生了一起严重的交通事故。（翻译句子） ______________________________________________________ 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. After running for a long time, he stopped to take a ______ (breath). 2. He ______ (promise) to help me with my English yesterday, but he didn’t come. 3. These ______ (lamp) were made in China and sold well all over the world last year. 4. Two ______ (policewoman) helped the lost child find his parents last Saturday. 5. He looked ______ (pale) because he didn’t eat anything for a whole day. 6. I _______ (remind) by my parents to finish my homework before playing computer games yesterday. 二、单词拼写 7. She __________（意识到）how important English was when she failed the exam. 8. The __________（台灯）on the desk gives us bright light to read. 9. We all felt __________（骄傲的）of her when she won the competition. 10. The __________（年老的）people should be well respected. 11. This __________（学期）will be very short. 12. The company __________（花费）a lot of money on the new robot before it was put into the market. 13. The __________（谈话）with my head teacher made me feel better. 14. My father was __________（生气的）with me when he heard what I did. 15. Tony kept a __________（承诺）to Linda --- he would help her practise English. 16. He threw the ball back with a quick flick of the __________（手腕）. 一、词汇运用 1. He ______ (pick) up the bread and ate it quickly. 2. They finally agreed to the ______ (deal). 3. They finished the work and are ______ (head) back home. 4. Don’t be ______（懒惰的）. Let’s clean the classroom together. 5. We listened to the teacher carefully in class so that we wouldn’t miss any important _____（要点）. 6. Can you guess the _____（情节）of the movie? 7. She could hear him _____（呼吸）softly at that moment. 8. Do you know the boy who is w______ the school uniform? 9. The label was a______ to the bag. 10. Don’t be w______. Everything will be fine. 二、单项选择 11. Paul ____ by the doctor not to smoke any more. A. was told B. were told C. tell D. told 12. Tina promised ____ me with my homework. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped 13. Mike picked ____ the book and two pens from the table. A. to B. up C. on D. of 14. It’s reported that China’s Shenzhou-20 ____ into space on April 24, 2025. A. will be sent B. was sent C. sends D. sent 15. When Tom told his father the truth, his father ____ that he was really sorry. A. realises B. realised C. realisation D. will realise 三、完形填空 It was a cloudy afternoon. Heavy     16      was coming. Even so, Bob didn't want to go home. He just had a terrible argument with his mum and ran out of the      17     . He sat down alone near a park where many children were playing with their parents. Bob felt a little      18     . After a while, a little girl with a ball in her hands came towards Bob and invited him to     19      with her. Bob had a good time with the little girl. He was so      20      at that moment that he almost forgot his sadness.     21     , nobody came to take the girl home when it began to rain. The girl, however, seemed fine. She told Bob that her parents were busy      22      snacks across the road but they always kept an eye on her. This made Bob      23      whether his parents were worried about him too.In the end, he took the little girl to her parents' vendor stand(售货摊) and then ran home quickly. The moment Bob opened the      24     , his mum was close to tears. She shouted,“Where did you go? I      25      you everywhere! See how wet your coat is! Don't ask for my help even if you get a cold tonight!” But Bob knew she wasn't angry at all. 16. A. snow B. rain C. smoke D. wind 17. A. store B. park C. house D. hotel 18. A. lonely B. tired C. nervous D. crazy 19. A. work B. talk C. agree D. play 20. A. happy B. proud C. afraid D. angry 21. A. Luckily B. Interestingly C. Surprisingly D. Successfully 22. A. painting B. eating C. taking D. selling 23. A. wonder B. see C. tell D. decide 24. A. eye B. mouth C. door D. window 25. A. called on B. looked for C. asked about D. waited for 四、阅读理解 Sometimes, family life can be hard. Our family had lots of ups and downs. I have an elder brother and an elder sister. I'm the baby boy in the family. We grew up in a small house. My mum and dad often argued over small things. My brother and sister argued, too, and I used to argue as well. But as I got older, I always chose to be the mediator(调解员). I would try to listen to both sides and then bring them together to make peace.“Dad, you shouldn't say that to Mum, but Mum, try to see it in this way. Come on, we all should love each other.” This method often worked. I learned a lot while growing up in our family including understanding others, being patient and accepting that sometimes things just don't go our way. We may say something we don't really mean, especially when we are angry. But it's important to calm down and try to understand each other. Of course, it's normal to argue sometimes, yet we should also find a way to fix the problem. As long as we can reflect and treat family members with understanding and care, we can help each other out and weather the storm. 26. What do we know about the writer's family? A. The family has two girls. B. The writer is the youngest. C. The writer never argues with his parents. D. His parents get along well with kids. 27. What did the writer often do as a mediator? A. He did nothing but watch. B. He started a conversation angrily. C. He tried to make peace. D. He helped one side to fight the other. 28. What did the writer learn from his family? A. Knowledge is useless in communication. B. Family members shouldn't share feelings with each other. C. Arguments are always bad and should never happen. D. Family members should understand and care about each other. 29. What does the underlined phrase “weather the storm” mean? A. Get through difficulties successfully. B. Ask someone for help when in trouble. C. Tell exactly what the weather will be like. D. Explain what to do during a storm. 30.What might be the best title for the passage? A. My parents' bad days B. Growing up in a small house C. My happy childhood D. Helping my family get along 五、补全对话 根据对话内容，在空白处写出恰当的句子，使对话意思连贯完整。所写句子应与所给的标点符号一致。 A: You look unhappy. 31 B: The relationship between my parents and me has become difficult. A: 32 B: Sure. My parents always want me to get the first prize in our class. I am under great pressure. A: 33 Tell them that you always try your best. Don’t push yourself so hard. B: I don’t want to talk with them. 34 A: Maybe you could write a letter to them. B: Yes, I agree. Then it can improve our relationship. A: What a smart boy! B: 35 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $