Unit4 Understanding ideas 学案2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

Unit4 Helping out Understanding idea 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、重点词汇 & 短语解析 （一）核心词汇 单词 音标 词性 课文 释义 拓展用法 crayon /ˈkreɪən/ n. 蜡笔 复数：crayons；搭配：colour with crayons（用蜡笔画画） nurse /nɜːs/ n. 护士 拓展：n. 保姆；v. 护理、照料 butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ n. 蝴蝶 复数：butterflies；拓展：butterfly effect（蝴蝶效应） virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ n. 病毒 复数：viruses；搭配：carry/spread viruses（携带 / 传播病毒） disease /dɪˈziːz/ n. 疾病 近义词：illness（侧重身体不适）、sickness（侧重生病状态） afford /əˈfɔːd/ v. 买得起；承担得起 用法：afford sth. /afford to do sth.；常与 can/could 连用，否定句更常见 patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ n. 患者；adj. 耐心的 患者；耐心的 搭配：be patient with sb.（对某人有耐心） pain /peɪn/ n. 痛苦；疼痛 搭配：in great pain（极度痛苦）；拓展：painful adj. 痛苦的 disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 失望 动词形式：disappoint；形容词：disappointed（感到失望的）、disappointing（令人失望的） treat /triːt/ v. 治疗；对待 搭配：treat patients（治疗病人）；treat sb. with kindness（善待某人） collect /kəˈlekt/ v. 收集；筹集 搭配：collect money/boxes（筹钱 / 收集盒子）；拓展：collection n. 收藏品 raise /reɪz/ v. 筹集；举起 搭配：raise money（筹钱）；raise one’s hand（举手） （二）重点短语 1.throw away 扔掉；丢弃 例句：Used crayons must be thrown away after one use.（用过的蜡笔用一次后必须扔掉。） 2.provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 例句：The hospital provides colouring books for young patients.（医院为小患者提供涂色本。） 3.get through 熬过；度过（困难时期） 例句：Colouring helped Leah get through the pain.（涂色帮 Leah 熬过了痛苦。） 4.make hospital visits 去医院就诊 / 探望 例句：She made many hospital visits because of her illness.（她因为生病多次去医院。） 5.give up 放弃 例句：Leah didn’t give up even though she had little money.（尽管钱很少，Leah 也没有放弃。） 6.spread diseases 传播疾病 例句：Used crayons may spread diseases, so they can’t be reused.（用过的蜡笔可能传播疾病，所以不能重复使用。） 二、核心语法知识点梳理。 1. 情态动词（may/can/must/could） 课文中大量出现情态动词，是本单元的语法重点： 情态动词 课文例句 用法解析 may ① May I have a purple crayon, please? ② Crayons may carry viruses. ① 表示请求许可（语气委婉） ② 表示可能性（可能、也许） can ① They can only be used once. ② She couldn’t do chores for money. ① 表示客观能力 / 可能性（能、可以） ② can’t/couldn’t 表示否定能力 / 可能性（不能、无法） must ① Then they must be thrown away. ② There must be something for me to do. ① 表示强制 / 规定（必须） ② 表示肯定推测（一定） 课堂小练习：用合适的情态动词填空 1.—______ I use your crayon? —Sorry, it’s dirty. You ______ use it. 2.The hospital ______ afford new crayons for every child, so they are not enough. （答案：1. May; can’t 2. couldn’t） 2. 被动语态（一般现在时 / 一般过去时） 课文中多次出现被动语态，是八年级下册的重点语法： · 结构：be + 过去分词 · 课文例句： 1. They can only be used once.（它们只能被使用一次。） 解析：情态动词 + be + 过去分词（含情态动词的被动语态） 2. Then they must be thrown away.（然后它们必须被扔掉。） 解析：情态动词 must+be + 过去分词 3. Leah’s story went public.（Leah 的故事被传开了。） 解析：此处 go public 为固定搭配，也可理解为被动含义 “被公开” 课堂拓展：主动语态变被动语态 · 主动：People throw away used crayons. · 被动：Used crayons are thrown away (by people). 3. 现在完成时 课文中出现现在完成时的用法，用于描述 “到目前为止的结果”： · 结构：have/has + 过去分词 · 课文例句：So far, she has collected 2,675 boxes.（到目前为止，她已经筹集了 2675 盒蜡笔。） · 标志词：so far（到目前为止）、up to now、until now 强化训练 一、课文配套课堂练习题 Ⅰ. 词汇与短语运用 1. 用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1. There are many ______ (virus) on used crayons, so we must throw them away. 2. Leah made many ______ (hospital) visits because of her serious ______ (ill). 3. The ______ (disappoint) on the children’s faces made Leah sad. 4. The nurse praised Leah for her ______ (kind) and hard work. 5. The hospital provided ______ (colour) books for the young patients. 2. 从方框中选择合适的短语，并用其适当形式填空 throw away, get through, give up, provide…for, raise money 1. The school always ______ free textbooks ______ the students. 2. You shouldn’t ______ your old toys. They can be reused. 3. Even though she was in great pain, Leah never ______. 4. Leah wanted to help other kids ______ the boring waiting time. 5. With her family’s help, Leah ______ and collected 2,675 boxes of crayons. Ⅱ. 语法专项练习（情态动词 + 被动语态） 1. 用 must /may/can /can’t /couldn’t 填空 1. —______ I use your purple crayon? —Sorry, it’s broken. You ______ use it. 2. Crayons ______ carry viruses, so they ______ only be used once. 3. The hospital ______ afford new crayons for every child, so Leah decided to help. 4. You ______ throw away used crayons after using them once. 5. 2. 将主动语态改为被动语态 1. People throw away used crayons after one use. → Used crayons ______ ______ ______ away after one use. 2. The hospital provides colouring books for young patients. → Colouring books ______ ______ ______ young patients by the hospital. 3. You must wash your hands before using the crayons. → Your hands ______ ______ ______ before using the crayons. 4. Leah has collected 2,675 boxes of crayons so far. → 2,675 boxes of crayons ______ ______ ______ by Leah so far. Ⅲ. 阅读理解（课文改编题） Read the passage and answer the questions. Leah, a five-year-old girl with a serious illness, visited Sunshine Hospital many times. One day, she asked a nurse for a purple crayon to colour a butterfly, but the nurse said she couldn’t find one. Leah had to draw a grey butterfly. She learned that crayons in the hospital could only be used once because they might carry viruses, and the hospital couldn’t afford new ones for every child. Leah didn’t want other kids to feel disappointed. She planned to buy 500 boxes of crayons for the hospital, but her pocket money was only enough for 40 boxes. She couldn’t do chores for money either because of her illness. With her family and friends’ help, she raised money and finally collected 2,675 boxes. Now the waiting rooms are full of happier kids and brighter pictures. 1. Why couldn’t Leah get a purple crayon at first? __________________________________________________________ 2. Why can the crayons only be used once in the hospital? __________________________________________________________ 3. How many boxes of crayons did Leah finally collect? __________________________________________________________ 4. What did Leah want to do for the other children in the hospital? __________________________________________________________ Ⅳ. 书面表达（80 词左右） Write a short passage about a small act of kindness you have done, using the words and phrases from the unit (e.g. give up, help…get through, raise, collect). __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 Ⅰ. 词汇与短语运用 1. 用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1. viruses 2. hospital; illness 3. disappointment 4. kindness 5. colouring 2. 短语填空 1. provides; for 2. throw away 3. gave up 4. get through 5. raised money Ⅱ. 语法专项练习 1. 情态动词填空 1. May; can’t 2. may; can 3. couldn’t 4. must 2. 被动语态改写 1. are thrown 2. are provided for 3. must be washed 4. have been collected Ⅲ. 阅读理解 1. Because the nurse couldn’t find one (and there were never enough crayons in the hospital). 2. Because they may carry viruses and spread diseases. 3. 2,675 boxes. 4. She wanted to collect crayons for them, so they wouldn’t feel disappointed and could have colourful pictures while waiting. $