Unit 4 Using Language（导学案）（含思维提升训练）英语人教版选择性必修第三册

人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Using Language（导学案） 1.掌握Unit 4 Using Language部分的重点单词、短语和句型； √单词：rough、commitment √短语：make fire、give off 、such... that...、pay back √句型：What if…? There be+主语+非谓语动词 2.能围绕 “逆境中的坚持” 主题完成口语观点分享与分层书面写作任务，实现语言知识的综合运用。 3.感悟探险队员在绝境中坚守承诺、乐观坚韧、团结互助的精神内核，深刻理解逆境中坚持的意义，培养直面挫折、永不言弃的意志品质，树立积极应对人生挑战、坚守责任与信念的人生态度。 1、 基础词汇记忆 1.____________ n. 领航员；（飞机、船舶等上的）航行者 2.____________ adj. 忠诚的；忠实的 3.____________ n. 发动机；马达 adj. 有引擎的；机动车的 4.____________ n. 候选人；应试者 5.____________ n. (人生的) 一段经历；(小说的) 片段；插曲 6.____________ n. 动机；原因；目的 二、词块记忆 1.____________ 由…… 组成，由…… 构成 2.____________ 安排某人做某事 3.____________ 对…… 忠诚 4.____________ 这个职位的候选人 5.____________ 决定；选定 6.____________ （时间、空间）在… 前面 7.____________ 使某人振奋起来 8.____________ 让某人保持乐观 9.____________ 以积极和成功的方式 10.____________ 坚持（做）某事 【知识梳理1】 rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的；崎岖的；艰难的；令人不快的；粗鲁的 【词性转换】 roughly adv.粗暴地;粗糙地;大约,差不多 roughen v.变粗糙,使粗糙 【常用搭配】 be rough on sb.对某人粗暴苛刻 treat sb./ sth. roughly 粗暴地对待某人/某物 roughly speaking 粗略地说 【即学即练】 1.While walking along the rough path, we enjoyed the beautiful scenery along the way. 2.It was too rough to sail that night, so they had to stay at the hotel. 3.I don't know the precise cost, butI can give you a rough idea. 4.In spite of the fact that life is rough, my mother never loses heart. 5.The wooden bench is so rough that few people like to sit on. 【知识梳理2】 What if…? (1)表示假设，“假右………怎么办?”“要是……将会怎么样?”。其后可用陈述语气(用一般现在时)，也可用虚拟语气(用一般过去时或 should+动词原形)。若是针对过去的情况，从句则用过去完成时。 What if someone decides to break the rules? 如果有人决定打破这些规则，那怎么办? (2)表示邀请或建议,意为“………怎么样?”“……如何?”。 What if you join us in helping the homeless this afternoon? 今天下午你和我们一起去帮助那些无家可归的人怎么样? (3)表示不重要，意为“就算⋯⋯⋯那又怎样”，通常与so 连用。若句意清楚, so what if…有时可省略成 so what。 So what if he is absent from the party. Who cares? 就算他不来参加聚会那又怎样? 谁在乎? 【归纳拓展】 What/ How about …?……怎么样? 用于提出建议或询问某人的情况。 How come...?怎么会……? 相当于 Why...? 【即学即练】 1.我们向你哥哥求助怎么样? 2.就算我们晚一会儿去参加聚会又能怎么样? 3.为什么我们不买一些最新式的家具呢? 【知识梳理3】make fire 生火 In order to scare the wild animals away, the explorers made fire when the night fell. 为了把野兽吓跑，探险者们在夜幕降临时生火。 【归纳拓展】 catch fire 着火（表示动作） be on fire 着火（表示状态） set fire to 点着......；放火烧...... put out a fire 灭火 【即学即练】 1.With the help of the guide, we (生火) near the river. 2.The hotel suddenly (着火). Fortunately, no one got burnt. 3.By the time the firefighters got there (火已经被扑灭了). 【知识梳理4】There be+主语+非谓语动词 (1) There be+主语+ v.- ing(表示主动和进行) There were dozens of people purchasing the clothes in that shop.那个商店里有很多人在买衣服。 Nancy didn't know that there was a surprise waiting for her in the office.南希不知道办公室里有个惊喜在等着她。 (2) There be+主语+ done(表示被动和完成) There is ten minutes left. Could you go downstairs straight away? 还剩下10分钟的时间。你能立刻下楼吗? (3) There will be +主语+ to do(表示动作尚未发生) There will be some problems to discuss at the conference tomorrow. 明天会议上将有一些问题要讨论。 【归纳拓展】 There is no time to lose/ to be lost. 时间不容耽搁。 There is nothing to see.没有要看的东西。 There is nothing to be seen.什么也看不见。 【即学即练】 1.每晚，有一些人在广场上伴着音乐跳舞。 2.无事可做，于是我们开始打牌。 【知识梳理5】give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) When rubbish is burned, it will give off large quantities of carbon dioxide. 当垃圾被燃烧时，它会放出大量的二氧化碳。 【归纳拓展】 give in ( to) (向······)让步,屈服于······ give up ( doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事 give away泄露;赠送,捐赠 give out用完,耗尽;分发,散发 give back归还;使恢复 give way to 给······让路;向······让步 【即学即练】 1.Water can absorb and give a great deal of heat without big changes in temperature. 2.The argument went on for hours as neither side would give . 3.He promised that he would give half of the year's income to help the disabled. 【知识梳理6】such... that... 如此······以至于······ When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. 最终获救时,我们如释重负、喜不自禁，我们许多人都难掩泪水。 【句式分析】 本句中的 such… that…意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。 【归纳拓展】 such+ adj. a,该名词名词单数+ that... such+ adj. + 不可数名词+ that… so… that…如此⋯⋯以至于⋯⋯，引导结果状语从句。其用法如下： so+ adj./ adv. + that... so+ adj. +a/ an+可数名词单数+ that… so many/ few+可数名词复数+ that… so much/ little (少)+不可数名词+ that… 【即学即练】 1. It was a significant match that a large number of people came to the stadium to watch it. ②I was excited that I couldn't wait to try my hand at riding the bicycle. ③Li Bai and Du Fu were famous poets in the Tang Dynasty that many people knew their names. 【知识梳理7】pay back 报答;报复;偿还(欠款) Will you lend me 100 dollars? I will pay it back next month. 能借给我100美元吗? 我下个月就还你。 【归纳拓展】 pay down(分期或部分)支付,偿还 pay for 为……付钱;为······付出代价 pay off偿清，付清；得到好结果，取得成功 pay up (尤指不情愿地)全部还清，付清 pay a visit to 访问;拜访 【即学即练】 1.It is no good paying evil with evil, which only increases hatred among people. 2.Jessica paid her carelessness by losing her job. 3.Every club member must pay his membership fees before the end of the season. 【知识梳理8】 commitment n.承诺;保证;奉献 【词性转换】 commit vt. 承诺;保证;犯(法、罪等);花(钱或时间) vi. 忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等) committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚信的;坚定的 【常用搭配】 make a commitment to sb./ sth.向某人/就某事做出承诺 commit sb./ oneself to( doing/ do) sth.承诺/保证(做)某事 be committed to ( doing) sth.致力于(做)某事,尽心尽力(做某事) 【即学即练】 1.People always mistakes, but if they are to never doing it again and carry out their actually, they will gain forgiveness.(commit) 2.They are looking for someone with a real sense of (commit) to the job. 3.China remains firm in its commitment to (strengthen) friendship and cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. 1、 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put . 2.There are now 700 elderly people (look) after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. 3.However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a ( commit) to something larger than our own little egos, whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept. 4. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay their schooling. 5.So scientists are trying their best to save the species going out of existence. 6.The food is delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy. 7.What your parents won’t agree to your new plan? 8.You will reach your final goal under the (guide) of the wise man. 9. (fortunately), the two boys were both injured in the accident. 10.It is wrong of you to treat your new classmates so (cruel)． 2、 完成句子 1．If I had enough money，I for further education. 要是我有足够的钱，我就把那个男孩送到那个国家深造了。 2．Your son has arrived at the hall. 你儿子到达大厅了。要是有人不让他进去怎么办？ 3．When I turned around，I saw an old man . 我转过身来，看到了一位正在生火的老人。 4．The young man refused to , which made him angry. 那个年轻人拒绝做出承诺，这让他很生气。 5．I must find out what is in the corner. 我必须找出角落里是什么发出这么讨厌的气味。 三、语法填空 It was easy for us 1. (imagine) the danger ahead of Shackleton and the boat. For us,2. (stay) alive took all our time and energy. There were no trees 3. (grow) on Antarctica and no oil, so we had to burn animal fat. 4. meat of sea creatures was what we had all, we would all starve if it 5. (be) not for sea animals. The sweat could freeze very 6. (quick) and we had to be careful not to go outside too often. Our discipline and team spirit kept us 7. (optimism) and helped us deal with our fears 8. a positive and successful way. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. And he paid us back by his 9. (commit) to save us from a slow 10. painful death. 1、 阅读理解 A Once upon a time, a daughter complained to her father that her life was unhappy and that she was tired of struggling all the time. Her father, a chef, took her to the kitchen. He filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire. Once the three pots began to boil, he placed potatoes, eggs and coffee beans in them. After 20 minutes, he took them out, putting the potatoes and eggs in a bowl and the coffee in a cup. Turning to his daughter, he said, “Look closer, and touch the potatoes.” She did and noted that they were soft. He then asked her to take an egg and break it. After stripping off the shell, she observed the hardboiled egg. Finally, he asked her to taste the coffee. Its good smell brought a smile to her face. “Father, what does this mean?” she asked. He then explained that the potatoes, the eggs and the coffee beans were in the same adversity — the boiling water. However, each one reacted differently. The strong and hard potatoes became soft and weak in the boiling water. The eggs were fragile, with thin outer shell protecting their liquid until they were put in the boiling water. Then the inside of the eggs became hard. However, the coffee beans were unique. After they were exposed to the boiling water, they changed the water and created something new. “Which one do you want to be like?” he asked. “When adversity knocks on your door, how will you respond?” In life, challenges happen to us all, but the only thing that truly matters is what happens within us. 1．Why did the girl complain to her father? A．Because of her hard life. B．Because of her tiring job. C．Because of her father’s busy work. D．Because of the food her father cooked. 2．What can we infer from this story? A．The girl liked the coffee best. B．The father was good at cooking. C．The girl didn’t like the potatoes and eggs. D．Different people have different reactions to adversity. 3．What does the underlined word “fragile” mean in the 5th paragraph? A．Thick. B．Easily broken. C．Strong. D．Hard. 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Father and daughter B．Adversity and a chef C．A chef and coffee beans D．Challenges and responses B The first fortnight was tough - terrible pain and the rapid realization that running 200 marathons in 200 days would not be a walk in the park. But Steve James, a 65-year-old retired banker, has found his feet and reached the halfway mark — an average of 100 marathons in 100 days. “In those first two weeks I was thinking: ‘What have I done?’” James said. “I had horrible blisters (水泡) for the first 10 days. The gout (痛风) struck all of a sudden, but I took some medicine and it went away. Now I feel fine.” James’s progress along the coastlines of Great Britain is being tracked by experts from the University of Exeter, who are keen to find out the effects of such an extreme challenge on an older person. The challenge is to do, on average, a marathon every day. Some days, it might be a bit less; others a bit more. There is no set route. James has a plan but adapts and changes it. As for fuel, he is not following the sort of diet an exceptional athlete might adopt. He has cereal, bacon, cake and fish and chips for dinner, washed down with a couple of beers. “It’s all about routine, about getting up and leaving at the same time,” said James. “I love the physical challenge. I’m not especially talented at things, but I can keep going.” The Exeter researchers assessed James before his departure and he sends data daily for them to analyze. They are studying his calorie intake, oxygen levels and muscle measurements. He has lost about 10kg but the team has seen no ill-effects to his health. James, who is raising money for Cancer Research UK, passes the time by listening to music and is also learning Welsh. By the time he gets to Wales, he hopes to be able to order a beer in the language. He thinks the most difficult stretch physically will be the north coasts of Devon and Cornwall. “I’m kind of hoping that by then my body will be completely conditioned and I’ll be able to cope with that.” 5．What does paragraph 2 focus on? A．The difficulties James faced. B．James’s solution to challenges. C．James’s attitude to the running. D．The treatment James received. 6．What can be learned about James’s running plan? A．It features a strict diet. B．It is made by researchers. C．It is confirmed by other athletes. D．It changes based on circumstances. 7．What is James’s expectation for the journey ahead? A．To run all over Wales. B．To be physically adapted. C．To grow thinner and healthier. D．To raise money for cancer patients. 8．What message does the passage convey? A．Exercise shapes one’s character. B．Health begins where the feet move. C．Limits can be redefined at any age. D．Optimism unlocks human potential. 七选五 Doing something challenging takes courage, commitment and willpower. 9 ! Whether it’s finding your dream job, learning a new skill or starting a new wellness routine, you’ll grow and learn along the way. So, step outside of your comfort zone and face the challenge. You’ll learn lessons that can transform your life. It builds your resilience (适应力). When you face something difficult, you can build your resilience. Resilience isn’t just a fixed quality that you’re born with. 10 The key: set small, attainable goals that push you a little outside of your comfort zone but still within reach. You’ll gradually see progress and maintain motivation as you work toward self-improvement. 11 You may not realize how incredible you are until you overcome something difficult. Dealing with a challenge shows your strengths, maybe some you didn’t even know that you had! This self-awareness helps develop a sense of purpose. It also helps improve performance and leads to better decision-making. It teaches you self-confidence. Completing a challenge shows you do have the capability to succeed. In other words, when things get difficult, you have the strength to continue forward, giving you a newfound sense of self-worth. 12 It helps you learn new skills. If you want to improve your fitness, you challenge your body to become stronger, right? 13 ! Challenging yourself helps you learn new skills that you improve over time with commitment and practice. So find a goal that you feel crazy about. You’ll expand your mind as you learn new information and experience new situations. A．It develops self-awareness B．But it’s well worth it C．It helps you manage stress D．You can also train yourself to become resilient E．You’ll carry that confidence as you face future challenges F．You’ll experience a bad meal in an unfamiliar place G．That same approach applies to just about anything 2、 思维提升-观点分享 你所在的学校英语角正在举办以“The Power of Perseverance in Adversity”为主题的英文分享会。请你结合课文《THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE》的内容，向同学们分享 Shackleton 探险队留守象岛的故事与你的感悟。 【讨论要点】 1. 简要介绍探险队员们在象岛面临的核心生存困境； 2. 队员们在绝境中采取了哪些方式坚守希望、保持乐观心态； 3. 你最钦佩队员们或 Shackleton 身上的哪一种品质，请结合课文细节说明理由； 4. 用一句话总结你从这个故事中读懂的 “逆境中坚持的意义”。 【参考词汇】 rough, desperate, make fire, give off, consist of, cheer sb. up, keep optimistic, persevere in, commitment, pay back, discipline, relief, adversity, resolve 1、 思维提升-书面表达 请同学们根据自己的实际情况，选择A层或B层完成。 ▶ A层作业（基础篇）：语境应用与微写作 任务要求：请根据括号内的中文提示或句型要求，使用本课学过的目标词汇和短语，将这篇短文补充完整。 The Light of Perseverance on Elephant Island When Shackleton left us on Elephant Island, we felt so desperate. We often asked ourselves: 1. ______ (要是我们永远等不到救援怎么办？)? But we didn’t give up.Life on the island was full of challenges. The sea was 2. ______ (汹涌的), and the cold was everywhere. We had to 3. ______ (生火) with animal fat, which 4. ______ (放出) black smoke that hurt our eyes. Our daily food only 5. ______ (由…… 组成) sea animals, with no vegetables or fruit at all.However, our team spirit never faded. We tried to 6. ______ (让彼此振奋起来) by celebrating birthdays and festivals. Our discipline and faith kept us 7. ______ (保持乐观). We 8. ______ (坚持) living on no matter how hard the situation was.Finally, Shackleton came to save us! It was his 9. ______ (承诺) to save us that 10. ______ (回报) our trust. This was an unforgettable 11. ______ (经历 / 插曲) in our life, which taught me that perseverance can always bring hope in adversity. ▶ B层作业（提升篇）：情景交际与综合表达 学校英文报正在举办以Perseverance Lights Up Adversity为主题的征文活动，请你结合课文中 Shackleton 探险队在象岛的经历，写一篇 120-150 词的英语短文。要求： 1. 简述探险队员在象岛面临的核心困境； 2. 分析队员们得以生存的关键因素，结合 optimism 和 perseverance 两个核心品质展开； 3. 至少使用本单元 Using Language 的6 个核心词汇 / 短语（commitment, persevere, cheer up, rough, optimistic, pay back, give off, consist of 等）； 4. 至少使用 1 个本单元所学重点句型（What if...? / There be + 非谓语 /such...that...） 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Using Language（导学案） 1.掌握Unit 4 Using Language部分的重点单词、短语和句型； √单词：rough、commitment √短语：make fire、give off 、such... that...、pay back √句型：What if…? There be+主语+非谓语动词 2.能围绕 “逆境中的坚持” 主题完成口语观点分享与分层书面写作任务，实现语言知识的综合运用。 3.感悟探险队员在绝境中坚守承诺、乐观坚韧、团结互助的精神内核，深刻理解逆境中坚持的意义，培养直面挫折、永不言弃的意志品质，树立积极应对人生挑战、坚守责任与信念的人生态度。 1、 基础词汇记忆 1.____________ n. 领航员；（飞机、船舶等上的）航行者 2.____________ adj. 忠诚的；忠实的 3.____________ n. 发动机；马达 adj. 有引擎的；机动车的 4.____________ n. 候选人；应试者 5.____________ n. (人生的) 一段经历；(小说的) 片段；插曲 6.____________ n. 动机；原因；目的 【答案】 1.navigator 2.loyal 3.motor 4.candidate 5.episode 6.motive 二、词块记忆 1.____________ 由…… 组成，由…… 构成 2.____________ 安排某人做某事 3.____________ 对…… 忠诚 4.____________ 这个职位的候选人 5.____________ 决定；选定 6.____________ （时间、空间）在… 前面 7.____________ 使某人振奋起来 8.____________ 让某人保持乐观 9.____________ 以积极和成功的方式 10.____________ 坚持（做）某事 【答案】 1.consist of 2.arrange for sb. to do sth. 3.be loyal to 4.a candidate for the job/position 5.decide on 6.ahead of 7.cheer sb. up 8.keep sb. optimistic 9.in a positive and successful way 10.persevere in (doing) sth. 【知识梳理1】 rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的；崎岖的；艰难的；令人不快的；粗鲁的 【词性转换】 roughly adv.粗暴地;粗糙地;大约,差不多 roughen v.变粗糙,使粗糙 【常用搭配】 be rough on sb.对某人粗暴苛刻 treat sb./ sth. roughly 粗暴地对待某人/某物 roughly speaking 粗略地说 【即学即练】 1.While walking along the rough path, we enjoyed the beautiful scenery along the way. 2.It was too rough to sail that night, so they had to stay at the hotel. 3.I don't know the precise cost, butI can give you a rough idea. 4.In spite of the fact that life is rough, my mother never loses heart. 5.The wooden bench is so rough that few people like to sit on. 【答案】1.崎岖的 2.汹涌的 3.粗略的 4.艰难的 5.粗糙的 【知识梳理2】 What if…? (1)表示假设，“假右………怎么办?”“要是……将会怎么样?”。其后可用陈述语气(用一般现在时)，也可用虚拟语气(用一般过去时或 should+动词原形)。若是针对过去的情况，从句则用过去完成时。 What if someone decides to break the rules? 如果有人决定打破这些规则，那怎么办? (2)表示邀请或建议,意为“………怎么样?”“……如何?”。 What if you join us in helping the homeless this afternoon? 今天下午你和我们一起去帮助那些无家可归的人怎么样? (3)表示不重要，意为“就算⋯⋯⋯那又怎样”，通常与so 连用。若句意清楚, so what if…有时可省略成 so what。 So what if he is absent from the party. Who cares? 就算他不来参加聚会那又怎样? 谁在乎? 【归纳拓展】 What/ How about …?……怎么样? 用于提出建议或询问某人的情况。 How come...?怎么会……? 相当于 Why...? 【即学即练】 1.我们向你哥哥求助怎么样? 2.就算我们晚一会儿去参加聚会又能怎么样? 3.为什么我们不买一些最新式的家具呢? 【答案】 1. What if we turn to your brother for help? 2. So what if we are a little late for the get- together? 3. How come we don't buy some latest furniture? 【知识梳理3】make fire 生火 In order to scare the wild animals away, the explorers made fire when the night fell. 为了把野兽吓跑，探险者们在夜幕降临时生火。 【归纳拓展】 catch fire 着火（表示动作） be on fire 着火（表示状态） set fire to 点着......；放火烧...... put out a fire 灭火 【即学即练】 1.With the help of the guide, we (生火) near the river. 2.The hotel suddenly (着火). Fortunately, no one got burnt. 3.By the time the firefighters got there (火已经被扑灭了). 【答案】1. made fire 2.caught fire 3.the fire had already been put out 【知识梳理4】There be+主语+非谓语动词 (1) There be+主语+ v.- ing(表示主动和进行) There were dozens of people purchasing the clothes in that shop.那个商店里有很多人在买衣服。 Nancy didn't know that there was a surprise waiting for her in the office.南希不知道办公室里有个惊喜在等着她。 (2) There be+主语+ done(表示被动和完成) There is ten minutes left. Could you go downstairs straight away? 还剩下10分钟的时间。你能立刻下楼吗? (3) There will be +主语+ to do(表示动作尚未发生) There will be some problems to discuss at the conference tomorrow. 明天会议上将有一些问题要讨论。 【归纳拓展】 There is no time to lose/ to be lost. 时间不容耽搁。 There is nothing to see.没有要看的东西。 There is nothing to be seen.什么也看不见。 【即学即练】 1.每晚，有一些人在广场上伴着音乐跳舞。 2.无事可做，于是我们开始打牌。 【答案】 1.There are some people dancing to the music on the square every night. 2. There was nothing to do/ to be done, so we began to play cards. 【知识梳理5】give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) When rubbish is burned, it will give off large quantities of carbon dioxide. 当垃圾被燃烧时，它会放出大量的二氧化碳。 【归纳拓展】 give in ( to) (向······)让步,屈服于······ give up ( doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事 give away泄露;赠送,捐赠 give out用完,耗尽;分发,散发 give back归还;使恢复 give way to 给······让路;向······让步 【即学即练】 1.Water can absorb and give a great deal of heat without big changes in temperature. 2.The argument went on for hours as neither side would give . 3.He promised that he would give half of the year's income to help the disabled. 【答案】1. off 2.in 3.away 【知识梳理6】such... that... 如此······以至于······ When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. 最终获救时,我们如释重负、喜不自禁，我们许多人都难掩泪水。 【句式分析】 本句中的 such… that…意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。 【归纳拓展】 such+ adj. a,该名词名词单数+ that... such+ adj. + 不可数名词+ that… so… that…如此⋯⋯以至于⋯⋯，引导结果状语从句。其用法如下： so+ adj./ adv. + that... so+ adj. +a/ an+可数名词单数+ that… so many/ few+可数名词复数+ that… so much/ little (少)+不可数名词+ that… 【即学即练】 1. It was a significant match that a large number of people came to the stadium to watch it. ②I was excited that I couldn't wait to try my hand at riding the bicycle. ③Li Bai and Du Fu were famous poets in the Tang Dynasty that many people knew their names. 【答案】1.such 2.so 3.such 【知识梳理7】pay back 报答;报复;偿还(欠款) Will you lend me 100 dollars? I will pay it back next month. 能借给我100美元吗? 我下个月就还你。 【归纳拓展】 pay down(分期或部分)支付,偿还 pay for 为……付钱;为······付出代价 pay off偿清，付清；得到好结果，取得成功 pay up (尤指不情愿地)全部还清，付清 pay a visit to 访问;拜访 【即学即练】 1.It is no good paying evil with evil, which only increases hatred among people. 2.Jessica paid her carelessness by losing her job. 3.Every club member must pay his membership fees before the end of the season. 【答案】1. back 2.for 3.up 【知识梳理8】 commitment n.承诺;保证;奉献 【词性转换】 commit vt. 承诺;保证;犯(法、罪等);花(钱或时间) vi. 忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等) committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚信的;坚定的 【常用搭配】 make a commitment to sb./ sth.向某人/就某事做出承诺 commit sb./ oneself to( doing/ do) sth.承诺/保证(做)某事 be committed to ( doing) sth.致力于(做)某事,尽心尽力(做某事) 【即学即练】 1.People always mistakes, but if they are to never doing it again and carry out their actually, they will gain forgiveness.(commit) 2.They are looking for someone with a real sense of (commit) to the job. 3.China remains firm in its commitment to (strengthen) friendship and cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. 【答案】1.commit, committed, commitment 2.commitment 3.strengthening 1、 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put . 2.There are now 700 elderly people (look) after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. 3.However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a ( commit) to something larger than our own little egos, whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept. 4. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay their schooling. 5.So scientists are trying their best to save the species going out of existence. 6.The food is delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy. 7.What your parents won’t agree to your new plan? 8.You will reach your final goal under the (guide) of the wise man. 9. (fortunately), the two boys were both injured in the accident. 10.It is wrong of you to treat your new classmates so (cruel)． 【答案】 1.out 2.looking 3.commitment 4.for 5.from 6.so 7.if 8.guidance 9. Unfortunately 10.cruelly 2、 完成句子 1．If I had enough money，I for further education. 要是我有足够的钱，我就把那个男孩送到那个国家深造了。 2．Your son has arrived at the hall. 你儿子到达大厅了。要是有人不让他进去怎么办？ 3．When I turned around，I saw an old man . 我转过身来，看到了一位正在生火的老人。 4．The young man refused to , which made him angry. 那个年轻人拒绝做出承诺，这让他很生气。 5．I must find out what is in the corner. 我必须找出角落里是什么发出这么讨厌的气味。 【答案】 1. would send the boy to that country 2.What if someone won’t allow him in? 3.who was making fire 4. make a commitment 5.giving off so terrible a smell 三、语法填空 It was easy for us 1. (imagine) the danger ahead of Shackleton and the boat. For us,2. (stay) alive took all our time and energy. There were no trees 3. (grow) on Antarctica and no oil, so we had to burn animal fat. 4. meat of sea creatures was what we had all, we would all starve if it 5. (be) not for sea animals. The sweat could freeze very 6. (quick) and we had to be careful not to go outside too often. Our discipline and team spirit kept us 7. (optimism) and helped us deal with our fears 8. a positive and successful way. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. And he paid us back by his 9. (commit) to save us from a slow 10. painful death. 【答案】1.to imagine 2.staying 3.growing 4.Though/ Although 5.were 6.quickly 7.optimistic 8.in 9.commitment 10.but 1、 阅读理解 A Once upon a time, a daughter complained to her father that her life was unhappy and that she was tired of struggling all the time. Her father, a chef, took her to the kitchen. He filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire. Once the three pots began to boil, he placed potatoes, eggs and coffee beans in them. After 20 minutes, he took them out, putting the potatoes and eggs in a bowl and the coffee in a cup. Turning to his daughter, he said, “Look closer, and touch the potatoes.” She did and noted that they were soft. He then asked her to take an egg and break it. After stripping off the shell, she observed the hardboiled egg. Finally, he asked her to taste the coffee. Its good smell brought a smile to her face. “Father, what does this mean?” she asked. He then explained that the potatoes, the eggs and the coffee beans were in the same adversity — the boiling water. However, each one reacted differently. The strong and hard potatoes became soft and weak in the boiling water. The eggs were fragile, with thin outer shell protecting their liquid until they were put in the boiling water. Then the inside of the eggs became hard. However, the coffee beans were unique. After they were exposed to the boiling water, they changed the water and created something new. “Which one do you want to be like?” he asked. “When adversity knocks on your door, how will you respond?” In life, challenges happen to us all, but the only thing that truly matters is what happens within us. 1．Why did the girl complain to her father? A．Because of her hard life. B．Because of her tiring job. C．Because of her father’s busy work. D．Because of the food her father cooked. 2．What can we infer from this story? A．The girl liked the coffee best. B．The father was good at cooking. C．The girl didn’t like the potatoes and eggs. D．Different people have different reactions to adversity. 3．What does the underlined word “fragile” mean in the 5th paragraph? A．Thick. B．Easily broken. C．Strong. D．Hard. 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Father and daughter B．Adversity and a chef C．A chef and coffee beans D．Challenges and responses 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了一个父亲将土豆、鸡蛋、咖啡豆分别放在水中去煮，以此启发女儿思考如何应对人生逆境的故事，借此阐述身陷逆境时，人内心的反应至关重要这一深刻道理。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“a daughter complained to her father that her life was unhappy and that she was tired of struggling all the time.(一个女儿向父亲抱怨她的生活不快乐，而且她厌倦了总是挣扎)”可知，女儿抱怨是因为她生活艰难。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“He then explained that the potatoes, the eggs and the coffee beans were in the same adversity — the boiling water. However, each one reacted differently.(然后他解释说，土豆、鸡蛋和咖啡豆身处同样的逆境——沸水之中。然而，它们的反应各不相同)”以及第五段中父亲问女儿“Which one do you want to be like?(你想成为哪一种？)”和“When adversity knocks on your door, how will you respond?(当逆境找上门来时，你将如何应对？)”可知，不同的人对逆境有不同的反应。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“The eggs were fragile, with thin outer shell protecting their liquid until they were put in the boiling water.(鸡蛋是fragile，有着薄薄的外壳保护着里面的液体，直到被放入沸水中)”可知，鸡蛋有薄壳，很容易碎，fragile意为“易碎的”。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第五段中父亲的问题“When adversity knocks on your door, how will you respond?(当逆境找上门来时，你将如何应对？)”和最后一段的总结“In life, challenges happen to us all, but the only thing that truly matters is what happens within us.(生活中，挑战会降临在我们所有人身上，但唯一真正重要的是我们内心发生的变化)”可知，文章主要围绕挑战和如何回应展开，D选项“Challenges and responses(挑战与反应)”准确概括了文章主旨。故选D。 B The first fortnight was tough - terrible pain and the rapid realization that running 200 marathons in 200 days would not be a walk in the park. But Steve James, a 65-year-old retired banker, has found his feet and reached the halfway mark — an average of 100 marathons in 100 days. “In those first two weeks I was thinking: ‘What have I done?’” James said. “I had horrible blisters (水泡) for the first 10 days. The gout (痛风) struck all of a sudden, but I took some medicine and it went away. Now I feel fine.” James’s progress along the coastlines of Great Britain is being tracked by experts from the University of Exeter, who are keen to find out the effects of such an extreme challenge on an older person. The challenge is to do, on average, a marathon every day. Some days, it might be a bit less; others a bit more. There is no set route. James has a plan but adapts and changes it. As for fuel, he is not following the sort of diet an exceptional athlete might adopt. He has cereal, bacon, cake and fish and chips for dinner, washed down with a couple of beers. “It’s all about routine, about getting up and leaving at the same time,” said James. “I love the physical challenge. I’m not especially talented at things, but I can keep going.” The Exeter researchers assessed James before his departure and he sends data daily for them to analyze. They are studying his calorie intake, oxygen levels and muscle measurements. He has lost about 10kg but the team has seen no ill-effects to his health. James, who is raising money for Cancer Research UK, passes the time by listening to music and is also learning Welsh. By the time he gets to Wales, he hopes to be able to order a beer in the language. He thinks the most difficult stretch physically will be the north coasts of Devon and Cornwall. “I’m kind of hoping that by then my body will be completely conditioned and I’ll be able to cope with that.” 5．What does paragraph 2 focus on? A．The difficulties James faced. B．James’s solution to challenges. C．James’s attitude to the running. D．The treatment James received. 6．What can be learned about James’s running plan? A．It features a strict diet. B．It is made by researchers. C．It is confirmed by other athletes. D．It changes based on circumstances. 7．What is James’s expectation for the journey ahead? A．To run all over Wales. B．To be physically adapted. C．To grow thinner and healthier. D．To raise money for cancer patients. 8．What message does the passage convey? A．Exercise shapes one’s character. B．Health begins where the feet move. C．Limits can be redefined at any age. D．Optimism unlocks human potential. 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文为记叙文，主要讲述了65岁的退休银行家Steve James 挑战200天完成200 场马拉松，起初遭遇诸多困难但逐渐适应，目前已完成一半赛程，埃克塞特大学的专家对其身体状况进行跟踪研究，他还为英国癌症研究中心筹款的故事。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段““In those first two weeks I was thinking: ‘What have I done?’” James said. “I had horrible blisters (水泡) for the first 10 days. The gout (痛风) struck all of a sudden, but I took some medicine and it went away. Now I feel fine.”(詹姆斯说：“头两周我一直在想：‘我这是干了什么？’头十天我身上起了很严重的水泡。痛风突然发作，但我吃了点药就好了。现在我感觉很好。”)”可推知，该段重点讲述了James在挑战初期遇到的各种困难。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“James has a plan but adapts and changes it.(James有一个计划，但会根据情况调整和改变)”可推知，James的跑步计划会根据实际情况做出改变。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“I’m kind of hoping that by then my body will be completely conditioned and I’ll be able to cope with that.(我希望到那时我的身体能完全适应，并且能够应对挑战)”可推知，James对接下来的行程期望是身体能适应后续的跑步挑战。故选B。 8．推理判断题。根据文章首段“But Steve James, a 65-year-old retired banker, has found his feet and reached the halfway mark — an average of 100 marathons in 100 days.(但65岁的退休银行家史蒂夫•詹姆斯已经站稳了脚跟，并达到了一半的目标——平均100天跑100场马拉松。)”以及全文讲述65岁的James完成极端马拉松挑战的内容可推知，文章传递的信息是任何年龄都可以重新定义自己的极限。故选C。 七选五 Doing something challenging takes courage, commitment and willpower. 9 ! Whether it’s finding your dream job, learning a new skill or starting a new wellness routine, you’ll grow and learn along the way. So, step outside of your comfort zone and face the challenge. You’ll learn lessons that can transform your life. It builds your resilience (适应力). When you face something difficult, you can build your resilience. Resilience isn’t just a fixed quality that you’re born with. 10 The key: set small, attainable goals that push you a little outside of your comfort zone but still within reach. You’ll gradually see progress and maintain motivation as you work toward self-improvement. 11 You may not realize how incredible you are until you overcome something difficult. Dealing with a challenge shows your strengths, maybe some you didn’t even know that you had! This self-awareness helps develop a sense of purpose. It also helps improve performance and leads to better decision-making. It teaches you self-confidence. Completing a challenge shows you do have the capability to succeed. In other words, when things get difficult, you have the strength to continue forward, giving you a newfound sense of self-worth. 12 It helps you learn new skills. If you want to improve your fitness, you challenge your body to become stronger, right? 13 ! Challenging yourself helps you learn new skills that you improve over time with commitment and practice. So find a goal that you feel crazy about. You’ll expand your mind as you learn new information and experience new situations. A．It develops self-awareness B．But it’s well worth it C．It helps you manage stress D．You can also train yourself to become resilient E．You’ll carry that confidence as you face future challenges F．You’ll experience a bad meal in an unfamiliar place G．That same approach applies to just about anything 【答案】9．B 10．D 11．A 12．E 13．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了做具有挑战性的事情的好处。 9．根据空前“Doing something challenging takes courage, commitment and willpower.(做一些具有挑战性的事情需要勇气，承诺和意志力)”及空后“Whether it’s finding your dream job, learning a new skill or starting a new wellness routine, you’ll grow and learn along the way.(无论是找到你梦想中的工作，学习一项新技能，还是开始一项新的健康计划，你都会在这个过程中成长和学习)”可知，上文指出做一些具有挑战性的事情的困难之处，下文提到这样做的好处。由此推知，虽然做一些具有挑战性的事情有困难，但是它是值得的，会带来好处，B项“但是这很值得”符合语境。故选B。 10．根据空前“Resilience isn’t just a fixed quality that you’re born with.(适应力不只是你与生俱来的一种固定品质)”及空后“The key: set small, attainable goals that push you a little outside of your comfort zone but still within reach.(关键是：设定小的、可实现的目标，让你稍微走出舒适区，但仍在力所能及的范围内)”可知，上文指出适应力不是与生俱来的，下文提出具体的练习方法。由此推知，空处是说适应力是可以通过练习培养出来的，D项“你也可通过训练让自己有适应力”符合语境。故选D。 11．根据下文“You may not realize how incredible you are until you overcome something difficult. Dealing with a challenge shows your strengths, maybe some you didn’t even know that you had! This self-awareness helps develop a sense of purpose. It also helps improve performance and leads to better decision-making.(直到你克服了困难，你才会意识到自己是多么的不可思议。应对挑战能显示出你的优势，也许有些是你自己都不知道的！这种自我意识有助于培养目标感。它还有助于提高绩效并导致更好的决策)”可知，本段是关于自我意识，A项“培养自我意识”适合作本段小标题。故选A。 12．根据本段小标题“It teaches you self-confidence.(它教会你自信)”及空前“In other words, when things get difficult, you have the strength to continue forward, giving you a newfound sense of self-worth.(换句话说，当事情变得困难时，你有继续前进的力量，给你一种新的自我价值感)”可知，完成挑战会给你带来自信，E项“当你面对未来的挑战时，你会带着这种信心”承接上文，符合语境，E项中“that confidence”呼应小标题中“self-confidence”，故选E。 13．根据空前“If you want to improve your fitness, you challenge your body to become stronger, right?(如果你想改善你的健康状况，你挑战你的身体让它变得更强壮，对吗？)”及空后“Challenging yourself helps you learn new skills that you improve over time with commitment and practice.(挑战自己可以帮助你学习新的技能，随着时间的推移，你可以通过承诺和实践来提高这些技能)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，由挑战身体变得更加健康过渡到挑战自身学习新技能，G项“同样的方法几乎适用于任何事情”符合语境。故选G。 2、 思维提升-观点分享 你所在的学校英语角正在举办以“The Power of Perseverance in Adversity”为主题的英文分享会。请你结合课文《THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE》的内容，向同学们分享 Shackleton 探险队留守象岛的故事与你的感悟。 【讨论要点】 1. 简要介绍探险队员们在象岛面临的核心生存困境； 2. 队员们在绝境中采取了哪些方式坚守希望、保持乐观心态； 3. 你最钦佩队员们或 Shackleton 身上的哪一种品质，请结合课文细节说明理由； 4. 用一句话总结你从这个故事中读懂的 “逆境中坚持的意义”。 【参考词汇】 rough, desperate, make fire, give off, consist of, cheer sb. up, keep optimistic, persevere in, commitment, pay back, discipline, relief, adversity, resolve 【答案】 Dear fellow students, Today I’d like to share the touching story of perseverance from Shackleton’s crew on Elephant Island. When Shackleton sailed away to find help, 22 crew members were left on the rough and isolated island. They felt desperate at first: there was no fresh water, no vegetables or fruit, and their food only consisted of sea animals. The animal fat they used to make fire gave off heavy black smoke that damaged their eyes and lungs, and the extreme cold brought constant danger of illness. But they never gave in to despair. They cheered each other up by celebrating birthdays, festivals and even small things like catching a sea animal. Their strict discipline and firm team spirit helped them keep optimistic, and they persevered in holding on to life with unshakable faith in Shackleton. What I admire most is their unbreakable resolve — they stuck together and kept a positive mind even in the darkest adversity. Finally, Shackleton kept his commitment to save every crew member, which paid back their trust and patience. This story tells me that perseverance and optimism are the strongest weapons to overcome any adversity in life. Thank you. 1、 思维提升-书面表达 请同学们根据自己的实际情况，选择A层或B层完成。 ▶ A层作业（基础篇）：语境应用与微写作 任务要求：请根据括号内的中文提示或句型要求，使用本课学过的目标词汇和短语，将这篇短文补充完整。 The Light of Perseverance on Elephant Island When Shackleton left us on Elephant Island, we felt so desperate. We often asked ourselves: 1. ______ (要是我们永远等不到救援怎么办？)? But we didn’t give up.Life on the island was full of challenges. The sea was 2. ______ (汹涌的), and the cold was everywhere. We had to 3. ______ (生火) with animal fat, which 4. ______ (放出) black smoke that hurt our eyes. Our daily food only 5. ______ (由…… 组成) sea animals, with no vegetables or fruit at all.However, our team spirit never faded. We tried to 6. ______ (让彼此振奋起来) by celebrating birthdays and festivals. Our discipline and faith kept us 7. ______ (保持乐观). We 8. ______ (坚持) living on no matter how hard the situation was.Finally, Shackleton came to save us! It was his 9. ______ (承诺) to save us that 10. ______ (回报) our trust. This was an unforgettable 11. ______ (经历 / 插曲) in our life, which taught me that perseverance can always bring hope in adversity. ▶ B层作业（提升篇）：情景交际与综合表达 学校英文报正在举办以Perseverance Lights Up Adversity为主题的征文活动，请你结合课文中 Shackleton 探险队在象岛的经历，写一篇 120-150 词的英语短文。要求： 1. 简述探险队员在象岛面临的核心困境； 2. 分析队员们得以生存的关键因素，结合 optimism 和 perseverance 两个核心品质展开； 3. 至少使用本单元 Using Language 的6 个核心词汇 / 短语（commitment, persevere, cheer up, rough, optimistic, pay back, give off, consist of 等）； 4. 至少使用 1 个本单元所学重点句型（What if...? / There be + 非谓语 /such...that...） 【答案】 A层 1.What if we could never wait for the rescue? 2.rough 3.make fire 4.gave off 5.consisted of 6.cheer each other up 7.optimistic 8.persevered in 9.commitment 10.paid back 11.episode B层 Perseverance Lights Up Adversity When Shackleton’s crew were left on the rough Elephant Island, they faced endless hardships. There was no fresh water or vegetables, and the animal fat they used to make fire gave off harmful black smoke. What if no one came to rescue them? But the team never fell into despair.They cheered each other up by celebrating small events, and their firm discipline kept them optimistic. They persevered in the tough situation with unshakable faith in Shackleton. Finally, Shackleton’s commitment to save them paid back, and all the men were rescued.This story tells me that perseverance and optimism are the best weapons against adversity. In my study, when I face difficult problems, I will also keep a positive mind and keep trying, because only perseverance can lead us out of darkness. 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $