Unit 4 Learning About Language（导学案）（含思维提升训练）英语人教版选择性必修第三册

人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Learning About Language（导学案） 1.掌握Unit 4 Learning About Language部分的重点单词和短语； √单词：cruel、thorough、unfortunately、guidance、advertise √短语：as long as 2.掌握重点语法：现在完成进行时。 3.通过分享与写作任务，感悟坚持与感恩的意义，培养在逆境中寻求帮助、在他人指导下持续努力的积极态度，增强语言学习中的合作意识与表达自信。 1、 基础词汇记忆 1.____________ n.（轮船、飞机等上面的）全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人 2.____________ n. 家具 3.____________ vi. & n.（狗）吠叫；吠叫声 4.____________ n. 橄榄球运动 5.____________ n. 球拍；蝙蝠 vi. & vt. 用球板击球；挥打；拍打 6.____________ adj. 潮湿的；湿气重的 7.____________ n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏 8.____________ n. 侄子；外甥 9.____________ adj. 公司的；法人的；社团的 二、词块记忆 1.____________ 生某人的气 2.____________ 对某人残忍 3.____________ 坚持（做）某事 4.____________ 向四面八方逃去 5.____________ 对…… 进行全面调查 6.____________ 一件家具 7.____________ 即将来临；在前面 8.____________ 进展顺利 【知识梳理1】 cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的；引起痛苦的 【词性转换】 cruelly adv.残酷地 cruelty n.残酷 【常用搭配】 be cruel to sb.对某人残忍的 It be cruel of sb. to do sth.某人做某事真残忍 【即学即练】 1. She is first cold and cruel him. And later she loves him enough to marry him. 2. It is cruel of Chuck ( make ) fun of the disabled girl before so many people. 3. He and his family suffered ( cruel) at the hands of the enemy. 【知识梳理2】 as long as 引导条件状语从句 (1) as long as还可表示“跟······一样长;长达”。 Mr. White has lived in Beijing for as long as ten years, but he has no intention of going back to the UK. 怀特先生在北京住了长达10年啦，但他不打算回到英国。 (2)引导条件状语从句的词汇还有: if, unless, on condition that, given that, supposing that, providing/ provided that…。 If you concentrate your mind on your studies, you can make progress soon.如果你集中精力学习，你很快就能取得进步。 【即学即练】 1. 不要担心你的未来。只要你尽力了，一个伟大的未来就应该在路上等着你。 2.只要我们尽力了，就没有必要为这些失败感到后悔。 【知识梳理3】 thorough adj.深入的;彻底的;细致的 【词性转换】 thoroughly adv.深入地;彻底地;非常 【常用搭配】 a thorough investigation/ examination/ search全面的调查/检查/寻找 have a thorough knowledge of 对……了解透彻 【即学即练】 1. Due to the two patients, more than3,000 people will be ( thorough) checked in three days. 2. Before the Spring Festival, almost every family in China will do (大扫除). 【知识梳理4】 unfortunately adv.不幸地;遗憾地 【词性转换】 fortune n. 运气 fortunate adj. 幸运的 unfortunate adj. 不幸的 【常用搭配】 make a fortune 发大财 be fortunate to do sth.有幸能做某事 It is fortunate (for sb.) that…(对某人来说)……是幸运的。 It is unfortunate that…很遗憾……… 【即学即练】 1. (fortunately), if you choose to remain in your comfortable zone, you will never find out what your true potential is. 2. Mr. Wang is a generous person, and he often helps those (fortunate) people. 3. Not everyone is as (fortune) as you. Many children have no chance to get education. 【知识梳理5】 guidance n.指导;引导;导航 【词性转换】 guide vt.指导,影响(某人的行为);指引n.(旅游)指南,手册;导游 【常用搭配】 under one's guidance = under the guidance of sb. 在某人的指导下 without the guidance of sb.没有某人的指导 guide sb. in doing sth.指导某人做某事 【即学即练】 1.Ou r women's volleyball team won many victories under the (guide) of Lang Ping. 2.Without your (guide),I couldn't have made the robot. 3. (guide) by the local guide, we visited the famous church. 【知识梳理6】 advertise vt. & vi.公布;宣传;做广告 【词性转换】 advertising n.广告业;广告活动 advertisement n. 广告 advertiser n.广告商;登广告者 【常用搭配】 advertise for 登广告征求 advertise for sb. to do sth. 登广告招聘某人做某事 【即学即练】 1.Being constantly exposed to (advertise) is annoying, but it can be pleasant some- times. 2.In order to promote our new product, we will launch an (advertise) campaign next month. 3.Mother has been advertising a cleaner for weeks without success. 【知识梳理7】现在完成进行时 一 现在完成进行时的特征 现在完成进行时，由“have/has + been + 现在分词”构成，表示“某一动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，而且还有可能继续下去”。 现在完成进行时，是现在完成时态和进行时态的结合体，既有完成的特点，也有进行的特点，翻译成汉语是“一直在做某事”。 二 现在完成进行时的用法 1. 表示一个持续到现在的动作 现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在，并且有可能继续下去。用于现在完成进行时的动词,一般为延续性动词,并常和all the time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等状语以及since和for引导的时间状语连用。例如： How long have you been living here? 你住在这儿多长时间了? He has been teaching in this school since 1990. 他自1990年就一直在这所学校教书。 2.表示动作重复发生 有时，现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。这时，谓语动词可以是非延续性动词。 My grandfather has been losing things all the time. 我爷爷总是丢东西。 I have been meeting her at the library. 我总是在图书馆遇见她。 3.表示长时间做某事 现在完成进行时，可以用来强调长时间一直在做某事。 I have been expecting my home letter for a long time. 我期盼我的家信很长时间了。 He has been devoting himself to the design for a whole week. 一周来他一直投身于这个设计。 4.表示与现在的状态有关 Sorry, I'm late. Have you been waiting long? 对不起，我迟到了。你等了很久了吗? You don't look well. Have you been working too hard? 你看起来不舒服。你工作是不是太辛苦了? 三、现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别 1. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时，均可表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”的动作。但现在完成时表示动作已结束，着重于结果；现在完成进行时表示的动作可能已完成也可能未完成，更强调动作的持续进行。试比较： I have read the book.我读过这本书。(已读完) I have been reading the book.我一直在读这本书。(还在读，没读完) You have written your paper.你的论文写完了。(已写完) You have been writing your paper. Please have a rest.你一直在写论文，请休息一下。(还在写，未写完) 1. 一般而言，延续性动词(有的语法书叫静态动词)跟一段时间连用(如 for…, since...)时,其现在完成时和现在完成进行时，意思基本相同，意味着动作到目前都没有结束。这类动词有 live, stay, remain, sit, stand, lie, wait, rest, work, learn, study, sleep, rain等。 She has lain in bed for a week. She has been lying in bed for a week.(更常见) 她已经卧床一周了。 I have waited for you for two hours. I have been waiting for you for two hours.(更常见) 我已经等你两小时了。 2. 延续性动词的现在完成时和现在完成进行时，若跟时间段状语连用，可表示状态延续至今。如果没有时间段状语，则表示动作或状态在过去曾发生过或存在过。但现在已结束。试比较： They have lived here since 1970. They have been living here since 1970.自1970年以来，他们一直住在这儿。(现在仍然住在这儿) They have lived here. 他们曾经在这儿住过。(现在已不住在这儿) 1、 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well- researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a ( thorough) commercial effort. 2.It was so fortunate ( see ) my friends again. 3.However, technology is also the ( apply ) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways. 4.The vocabulary and grammar of the plot need to be adjusted, and we also need your (guide) on our performance. 5.We all assumed there would be one in the flat when we moved in, because that's what we read from the (advertise) in the newspaper. 6.They reflect a concentrated beam(束) of light onto the town's central square, creating an area of sunlight ( rough )600 square meters. 7.People (pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. 8.For the past two years, Gordon's students ( study) ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they' re close to a solution. 9.“ People ( sit) there and standing there and taking pictures of each other.” Ro says. 10.A retired engineer,76- year- old Wilson ( offer) free ride s to college students for the past eight years. 2、 完成句子 1．Some criticized her achievements _____________ (出于嫉妒), not recognizing her hard work. 2．The boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago ________ (一直在帮助年轻人；用现在完成进行时) since 1996. 3．I was very _________ (对……热情) the lecture, but his remarks on it made me disappointed. 4．__________ (在他的指导下), the workers finally managed to solve the problem ahead of schedule. 5．We decided to __________ (尽力) to solve the problem, however difficult it was. 6．The boss _________ (对……相当粗暴) the young man. 7．As far as I remember, my parents always reminded me of___________（我的餐桌礼仪）. 8．___________ (……是不礼貌的) talk with a full mouth. 9．__________________________(只要) the green hills are there, one need not worry about firewood. 10．The candidate resolved to__________________________(坚持不懈地表达) his views to the committee. 三、语法填空 A father was worried about his son, 1 was sixteen years old but had no courage at all. So his father decided to call on a Buddhist monk (禅师) to train his boy.   The Buddhist monk said 2 the boy’s father, “You should leave your son alone here. I’ll make him into a real man within three months. 3 , you can’t come to see him during this period.” Three months later, the boy’s father returned. The Buddhist monk arranged a boxing match between the boy and an 4 (experience) boxer. Each time the fighter struck the boy, he 5 (fall) down, but at once the boy stood up; and each time the boy was knocked down, the boy stood up again. Several times 6 (late), the Buddhist monk asked, “What do you think of your child?” “What a shame!” the boy’s father said, “I never thought he would be so 7 (easy) knocked down. I needn’t have him 8 (leave) here any longer.”   “I am sorry that is all you see. Don’t you see that each time he falls down, he stands up again instead of 9 (cry)?  That’s the kind of courage you wanted 10 (he) to have.” 1、 阅读理解 A Jacob’s Well is a spring in Hays County, an hour or so southwest of Austin, near the towns of Wimberley and Dripping Springs. The cool water there has lured locals and visitors to the Hill Country spot for hundreds of years. And, for almost that long, Jacob’s Well has been a siren (危险的诱惑), too. What’s considered seriously fun for some — going around on the lip of the well, escaping the heat, spending time with friends — is a lifestyle to others. And it can be a deadly lifestyle. Diego Adame, a 21-year-old from San Antonio, lost a flipper free-diving the caves deep in the well last July and had to cut away his weight belt to make it back to the surface before his breath ran out. He even captured a part of the dive on video. “For a split second,” he said, “I thought of death and myself dying that day.” At least eight or nine people have died at Jacob’s Well — the exact number is hard to come by — which has prompted some people to call it one of the most dangerous diving spots in the world. The danger beneath is belied (掩盖) by the beauty of the place. But even up top, Jacob’s Well can be dangerous for those who make it that way. The well, by at least one estimate, is only about 13 feet wide at the opening. Yet many dare devils climb to the rocks overlooking the opening and jump straight into the well, into the upward current. Some dive. Some do flips. All of that is forbidden by the Hays County Park Department. But, as many YouTube videos show, those rules aren’t often obeyed. 1．What does the underlined word “lured” most probably mean? A．Attracted. B．Separated. C．Supported. D．Frightened. 2．Why do many people go to the place with their friends? A．To get away from the noisy city. B．To enjoy the coolness of the place. C．To explore the mysteries of the well. D．To experience the deadly lifestyle. 3．Why does the author mention Diego Adame’s experience? A．To tell us it is fun to swim in the well. B．To tell us divers usually get lost in the well. C．To tell us diving in the well is very dangerous. D．To tell us divers are hard to breathe in the well. 4．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．The beauty of Jacob’s Well. B．The danger of Jacob’s Well. C．Some fun facts of Jacob’s Well. D．General introduction of Jacob’s Well. B Pat Patterson, a pilot for 25 years, had never met anyone like the handsome young man in the wheelchair who faced him at the Medford, Oregon, airport on July 28, 1976. Mike Henderson, a quadriplegic (四肢瘫痪者), wanted flying lessons. As a 22­-year-­old Coast Guardsman eight years before, Henderson had fallen off a dock and landed on a floating log, breaking two of his bones. Doctors said that he would probably never walk again, let alone fly. “Here was this doctor telling me how it was going to be,” he says, “but no one was going to limit my freedom to try.” Henderson parked his wheelchair next to the airplane and began to climb up onto the wing. He injured his elbow on the way, and after a great struggle, finally managed to pull himself into the airplane’s pilot’s seat. In the flight office, Pat Patterson watched in disbelief. “He crawled his way up that wing!” he says. “It took him 45 minutes. When I went out, he was sitting in the pilot’s seat, bleeding from his injured elbow all over the place. When I saw him go through that much pain, I knew nothing could stop him.” Now everything was up to the instructor and the student, and together they set about solving each problem as it arose. A small piece of carpet gave Henderson traction (摩擦力) to climb the slippery wing. A headset freed his hands from the radio microphone, and the two men developed a moving bar that enabled Henderson to operate the airplane more easily. Three weeks and eight flying hours after the first lesson, Henderson and Patterson happily phoned Dr. Stoddard — Henderson’s physician. At the airport, as the physician looked on, Henderson quickly wheeled himself around the airplane, doing a thorough, professional ground check. With Patterson and Dr. Stoddard on board, he went through his preflight instrument check. Minutes later, engine starting, the plane rolled down the runway and took off into the gray sky. 5．When did Mike Henderson become disabled? A．At the age of 25. B．In 1968. C．At the age of 30. D．In 1976. 6．What did Pat Patterson think of Mike Henderson when they met first? A．Depressed. B．Experienced. C．Determined. D．Delighted. 7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．How Patterson and Henderson overcame the difficulties together. B．How Patterson helped Henderson overcome the difficulties. C．How Patterson taught Henderson to fly with difficulty. D．The difficulties Henderson faced before flying. 8．What do we know from the text? A．Patterson didn’t want to teach Henderson at first. B．Henderson finally succeeded in flying alone. C．Patterson was very strict with Henderson. D．Henderson went through a lot of difficulties. 七选五 Keeping Parents Entertained while Camping Camping is a great way to spend family time. It provides great opportunities for you kids to explore new places and try new activities. 9 However, it is sometimes hard for you to share these new worlds with your family. Are you looking forward to your camping trip this summer, but are worried about keeping your parents entertained? Here are a few easy suggestions. Try a New Outdoor Sport Together If you are camping in a wooded or mountainous area, try mountain biking. Encourage your parents to bring their bikes along on your camping trip. 10 Remember to bring along your helmet, so your parents don’t have to worry about your safety and make sure they bring theirs as well. Go canoeing with your parents. You can paddle downstream if you are camping on a river. If your parents like to fish and your camping trip is during fishing season, you can go out in the canoe in the early morning to experience the best fish. 11 Bring Along Craft Supplies When you go camping with your family, bring along some basic craft supplies, like paper, glue and scissors. While exploring the nature around your campsite, pick up anything interesting you might find. 12 Practice Your Nature Identification and Survival Skills If you and your parents share an interest in nature, find a good insect, bird, plant, animal or tree identification book. Try to recognize the different species that you come across with your family. 13 Have your parents teach you to fish or try to make fire using traditional methods. If you and your parents like a challenge, you could learn to identify different types of animal tracks that you may come across during your explorations. A．Winding Down in the Evening. B．You could also learn camping survival skills with your parents. C．Flying along together through the trails will be a cheerful experience. D．Then later in the day you can cook your fish over the campfire. E．With these treasures you can create all types of craft projects to take home. F．Finish your night by making roasting sticks with your parents. G．Even a campsite near home can open up a new world of excitement. 2、 思维提升-观点分享 假设你是校英文报的通讯员。请你结合本单元“逆境与勇气”的主题以及本课所学的现在完成进行时，写一篇短文，介绍你自己或你认识的人长期以来坚持做的一件事（如学习、运动、志愿服务等），并谈谈坚持的意义。 【讨论要点】 1. 介绍你坚持做的事情以及坚持了多久； 2. 描述过程中遇到的困难以及如何克服； 3. 谈谈坚持带给你的收获或感悟。 3、 思维提升-书面表达 假设你是李明。在你准备英语演讲比赛的过程中，你的英语老师Ms. Zhang一直给予你耐心的指导和鼓励。现在比赛已经结束，你获得了一等奖。请你写一封 100–120词 的英文感谢信给Ms. Zhang，表达你的感激之情。 请同学们根据自己的实际情况，选择A层或B层完成。 ▶ A层作业（基础篇）：语境应用与微写作 任务要求：请根据括号内的中文提示或句型要求，使用本课学过的目标词汇和短语，将这篇短文补充完整。 Dear Ms. Zhang, I am writing to express my sincere gratitude to you. 1. ________________________ (您一直在帮助我：现在完成进行时；help) prepare for the English speaking competition since last month. 2. ________________________ (不幸的是), I used to make a lot of mistakes, and my pronunciation was not 3. ________________________ (彻底的；thorough). Sometimes I felt that the practice was 4. ________________________ (残酷的) to me. However, 5. ________________________ (在您的指导下), I decided to 6. ________________________ (坚持；persevere). You always told me, “7. ________________________ (只要) you keep trying, you will improve.” Your words strengthened my 8. ________________________ (决心). I finally won first prize in the competition. Thank you for everything you 9. ________________________ (一直在为我做：现在完成进行时；do) for me. Yours sincerely, Li Ming ▶ B层作业（提升篇）：情景交际与综合表达 写作任务：请你写一封100–120词的英文感谢信。 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Learning About Language（导学案） 1.掌握Unit 4 Learning About Language部分的重点单词和短语； √单词：cruel、thorough、unfortunately、guidance、advertise √短语：as long as 2.掌握重点语法：现在完成进行时。 3.通过分享与写作任务，感悟坚持与感恩的意义，培养在逆境中寻求帮助、在他人指导下持续努力的积极态度，增强语言学习中的合作意识与表达自信。 1、 基础词汇记忆 1.____________ n.（轮船、飞机等上面的）全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人 2.____________ n. 家具 3.____________ vi. & n.（狗）吠叫；吠叫声 4.____________ n. 橄榄球运动 5.____________ n. 球拍；蝙蝠 vi. & vt. 用球板击球；挥打；拍打 6.____________ adj. 潮湿的；湿气重的 7.____________ n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏 8.____________ n. 侄子；外甥 9.____________ adj. 公司的；法人的；社团的 【答案】 1.crew 2.furniture 3.bark 4.rugby 5.bat 6.damp 7.recreation 8.nephew 9.corporate 二、词块记忆 1.____________ 生某人的气 2.____________ 对某人残忍 3.____________ 坚持（做）某事 4.____________ 向四面八方逃去 5.____________ 对…… 进行全面调查 6.____________ 一件家具 7.____________ 即将来临；在前面 8.____________ 进展顺利 【答案】 1.be cross with sb. 2.be cruel to sb. 3.persevere in (doing) sth. 4.flee in all directions 5.carry out/conduct/do a thorough investigation into... 6.a piece of furniture 7.lie ahead 8.go smoothly 【知识梳理1】 cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的；引起痛苦的 【词性转换】 cruelly adv.残酷地 cruelty n.残酷 【常用搭配】 be cruel to sb.对某人残忍的 It be cruel of sb. to do sth.某人做某事真残忍 【即学即练】 1. She is first cold and cruel him. And later she loves him enough to marry him. 2. It is cruel of Chuck ( make ) fun of the disabled girl before so many people. 3. He and his family suffered ( cruel) at the hands of the enemy. 【答案】1.to 2.to make 3.cruelly 【知识梳理2】 as long as 引导条件状语从句 (1) as long as还可表示“跟······一样长;长达”。 Mr. White has lived in Beijing for as long as ten years, but he has no intention of going back to the UK. 怀特先生在北京住了长达10年啦，但他不打算回到英国。 (2)引导条件状语从句的词汇还有: if, unless, on condition that, given that, supposing that, providing/ provided that…。 If you concentrate your mind on your studies, you can make progress soon.如果你集中精力学习，你很快就能取得进步。 【即学即练】 1. 不要担心你的未来。只要你尽力了，一个伟大的未来就应该在路上等着你。 2.只要我们尽力了，就没有必要为这些失败感到后悔。 【答案】 1. Don't worry about your future. As long as you try your best,a great future should wait for you on your way. 2. As long as we try our best, there's no need to feel regret for these failures. 【知识梳理3】 thorough adj.深入的;彻底的;细致的 【词性转换】 thoroughly adv.深入地;彻底地;非常 【常用搭配】 a thorough investigation/ examination/ search全面的调查/检查/寻找 have a thorough knowledge of 对……了解透彻 【即学即练】 1. Due to the two patients, more than3,000 people will be ( thorough) checked in three days. 2. Before the Spring Festival, almost every family in China will do (大扫除). 【答案】1.thoroughly 2.a thorough cleaning 【知识梳理4】 unfortunately adv.不幸地;遗憾地 【词性转换】 fortune n. 运气 fortunate adj. 幸运的 unfortunate adj. 不幸的 【常用搭配】 make a fortune 发大财 be fortunate to do sth.有幸能做某事 It is fortunate (for sb.) that…(对某人来说)……是幸运的。 It is unfortunate that…很遗憾……… 【即学即练】 1. (fortunately), if you choose to remain in your comfortable zone, you will never find out what your true potential is. 2. Mr. Wang is a generous person, and he often helps those (fortunate) people. 3. Not everyone is as (fortune) as you. Many children have no chance to get education. 【答案】1.Unfortunately 2. unfortunate 3. fortunate 【知识梳理5】 guidance n.指导;引导;导航 【词性转换】 guide vt.指导,影响(某人的行为);指引n.(旅游)指南,手册;导游 【常用搭配】 under one's guidance = under the guidance of sb. 在某人的指导下 without the guidance of sb.没有某人的指导 guide sb. in doing sth.指导某人做某事 【即学即练】 1.Ou r women's volleyball team won many victories under the (guide) of Lang Ping. 2.Without your (guide),I couldn't have made the robot. 3. (guide) by the local guide, we visited the famous church. 【答案】1.guidance 2.guidance 3.Guided 【知识梳理6】 advertise vt. & vi.公布;宣传;做广告 【词性转换】 advertising n.广告业;广告活动 advertisement n. 广告 advertiser n.广告商;登广告者 【常用搭配】 advertise for 登广告征求 advertise for sb. to do sth. 登广告招聘某人做某事 【即学即练】 1.Being constantly exposed to (advertise) is annoying, but it can be pleasant some- times. 2.In order to promote our new product, we will launch an (advertise) campaign next month. 3.Mother has been advertising a cleaner for weeks without success. 【答案】1.advertisements 2.advertising 3.for 【知识梳理7】现在完成进行时 一 现在完成进行时的特征 现在完成进行时，由“have/has + been + 现在分词”构成，表示“某一动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，而且还有可能继续下去”。 现在完成进行时，是现在完成时态和进行时态的结合体，既有完成的特点，也有进行的特点，翻译成汉语是“一直在做某事”。 二 现在完成进行时的用法 1. 表示一个持续到现在的动作 现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在，并且有可能继续下去。用于现在完成进行时的动词,一般为延续性动词,并常和all the time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等状语以及since和for引导的时间状语连用。例如： How long have you been living here? 你住在这儿多长时间了? He has been teaching in this school since 1990. 他自1990年就一直在这所学校教书。 2.表示动作重复发生 有时，现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。这时，谓语动词可以是非延续性动词。 My grandfather has been losing things all the time. 我爷爷总是丢东西。 I have been meeting her at the library. 我总是在图书馆遇见她。 3.表示长时间做某事 现在完成进行时，可以用来强调长时间一直在做某事。 I have been expecting my home letter for a long time. 我期盼我的家信很长时间了。 He has been devoting himself to the design for a whole week. 一周来他一直投身于这个设计。 4.表示与现在的状态有关 Sorry, I'm late. Have you been waiting long? 对不起，我迟到了。你等了很久了吗? You don't look well. Have you been working too hard? 你看起来不舒服。你工作是不是太辛苦了? 三、现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别 1. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时，均可表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”的动作。但现在完成时表示动作已结束，着重于结果；现在完成进行时表示的动作可能已完成也可能未完成，更强调动作的持续进行。试比较： I have read the book.我读过这本书。(已读完) I have been reading the book.我一直在读这本书。(还在读，没读完) You have written your paper.你的论文写完了。(已写完) You have been writing your paper. Please have a rest.你一直在写论文，请休息一下。(还在写，未写完) 1. 一般而言，延续性动词(有的语法书叫静态动词)跟一段时间连用(如 for…, since...)时,其现在完成时和现在完成进行时，意思基本相同，意味着动作到目前都没有结束。这类动词有 live, stay, remain, sit, stand, lie, wait, rest, work, learn, study, sleep, rain等。 She has lain in bed for a week. She has been lying in bed for a week.(更常见) 她已经卧床一周了。 I have waited for you for two hours. I have been waiting for you for two hours.(更常见) 我已经等你两小时了。 2. 延续性动词的现在完成时和现在完成进行时，若跟时间段状语连用，可表示状态延续至今。如果没有时间段状语，则表示动作或状态在过去曾发生过或存在过。但现在已结束。试比较： They have lived here since 1970. They have been living here since 1970.自1970年以来，他们一直住在这儿。(现在仍然住在这儿) They have lived here. 他们曾经在这儿住过。(现在已不住在这儿) 1、 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well- researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a ( thorough) commercial effort. 2.It was so fortunate ( see ) my friends again. 3.However, technology is also the ( apply ) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways. 4.The vocabulary and grammar of the plot need to be adjusted, and we also need your (guide) on our performance. 5.We all assumed there would be one in the flat when we moved in, because that's what we read from the (advertise) in the newspaper. 6.They reflect a concentrated beam(束) of light onto the town's central square, creating an area of sunlight ( rough )600 square meters. 7.People (pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. 8.For the past two years, Gordon's students ( study) ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they' re close to a solution. 9.“ People ( sit) there and standing there and taking pictures of each other.” Ro says. 10.A retired engineer,76- year- old Wilson ( offer) free ride s to college students for the past eight years. 【答案】 1.thoroughly 2.to see 3.application 4.guidance 5.advertisement 6.roughly 7.have poured 8.have been studying 9.are sitting 10.has offered 2、 完成句子 1．Some criticized her achievements _____________ (出于嫉妒), not recognizing her hard work. 2．The boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago ________ (一直在帮助年轻人；用现在完成进行时) since 1996. 3．I was very _________ (对……热情) the lecture, but his remarks on it made me disappointed. 4．__________ (在他的指导下), the workers finally managed to solve the problem ahead of schedule. 5．We decided to __________ (尽力) to solve the problem, however difficult it was. 6．The boss _________ (对……相当粗暴) the young man. 7．As far as I remember, my parents always reminded me of___________（我的餐桌礼仪）. 8．___________ (……是不礼貌的) talk with a full mouth. 9．__________________________(只要) the green hills are there, one need not worry about firewood. 10．The candidate resolved to__________________________(坚持不懈地表达) his views to the committee. 【答案】 1．out of envy 2．has been helping young people 3．enthusiastic about 4．Under his guidance 5．try our best 6．is rather rough on 7．my table manners 8．It’s bad manners to 9．As long as 10．persevere in expressing 三、语法填空 A father was worried about his son, 1 was sixteen years old but had no courage at all. So his father decided to call on a Buddhist monk (禅师) to train his boy.   The Buddhist monk said 2 the boy’s father, “You should leave your son alone here. I’ll make him into a real man within three months. 3 , you can’t come to see him during this period.” Three months later, the boy’s father returned. The Buddhist monk arranged a boxing match between the boy and an 4 (experience) boxer. Each time the fighter struck the boy, he 5 (fall) down, but at once the boy stood up; and each time the boy was knocked down, the boy stood up again. Several times 6 (late), the Buddhist monk asked, “What do you think of your child?” “What a shame!” the boy’s father said, “I never thought he would be so 7 (easy) knocked down. I needn’t have him 8 (leave) here any longer.”   “I am sorry that is all you see. Don’t you see that each time he falls down, he stands up again instead of 9 (cry)?  That’s the kind of courage you wanted 10 (he) to have.” 【答案】 1．who 2．to 3．However 4．experienced 5．fell 6．later 7．easily 8．left 9．crying 10．him 1、 阅读理解 A Jacob’s Well is a spring in Hays County, an hour or so southwest of Austin, near the towns of Wimberley and Dripping Springs. The cool water there has lured locals and visitors to the Hill Country spot for hundreds of years. And, for almost that long, Jacob’s Well has been a siren (危险的诱惑), too. What’s considered seriously fun for some — going around on the lip of the well, escaping the heat, spending time with friends — is a lifestyle to others. And it can be a deadly lifestyle. Diego Adame, a 21-year-old from San Antonio, lost a flipper free-diving the caves deep in the well last July and had to cut away his weight belt to make it back to the surface before his breath ran out. He even captured a part of the dive on video. “For a split second,” he said, “I thought of death and myself dying that day.” At least eight or nine people have died at Jacob’s Well — the exact number is hard to come by — which has prompted some people to call it one of the most dangerous diving spots in the world. The danger beneath is belied (掩盖) by the beauty of the place. But even up top, Jacob’s Well can be dangerous for those who make it that way. The well, by at least one estimate, is only about 13 feet wide at the opening. Yet many dare devils climb to the rocks overlooking the opening and jump straight into the well, into the upward current. Some dive. Some do flips. All of that is forbidden by the Hays County Park Department. But, as many YouTube videos show, those rules aren’t often obeyed. 1．What does the underlined word “lured” most probably mean? A．Attracted. B．Separated. C．Supported. D．Frightened. 2．Why do many people go to the place with their friends? A．To get away from the noisy city. B．To enjoy the coolness of the place. C．To explore the mysteries of the well. D．To experience the deadly lifestyle. 3．Why does the author mention Diego Adame’s experience? A．To tell us it is fun to swim in the well. B．To tell us divers usually get lost in the well. C．To tell us diving in the well is very dangerous. D．To tell us divers are hard to breathe in the well. 4．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．The beauty of Jacob’s Well. B．The danger of Jacob’s Well. C．Some fun facts of Jacob’s Well. D．General introduction of Jacob’s Well. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国海斯县的雅各布泉是世界上最危险的地方之一。雅各布泉曾经夺走过不止8 名潜水员的性命，但是前赴后继的探险家们依旧选择到这里来潜水。 1．词句猜测题。根据“The cool water there has lured locals and visitors to the Hill Country spot for hundreds of years. (几百年来，那里凉爽的水lured了当地人和游客来到这一丘陵地区。)”可知，当地人和游客来到这里是因为被凉爽的水所吸引。该词的意思相当于“吸引”，故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“What’s considered seriously fun for some — going around on the lip of the well, escaping the heat, spending time with friends — is a lifestyle to others. (对某些人来说，这种行为堪称极其有趣——比如在泉口周围漫步、躲避酷热、与朋友共度时光——但在其他人看来，这不过是一种生活方式罢了。)”可知，许多人和朋友去那里是为了避暑，故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“And it can be a deadly lifestyle. (而且这可能是一种极其危险的生活方式。)”以及第三段“Diego Adame, a 21-year-old from San Antonio, lost a flipper free-diving the caves deep in the well last July and had to cut away his weight belt to make it back to the surface before his breath ran out. (21岁的迭戈·阿达梅来自圣安东尼奥，去年7月他在洞穴深处进行自由潜水时丢失了一只脚蹼，随后他不得不解开自己的配重带，以便在耗尽氧气之前回到水面。)”可知，在泉里潜水是非常危险的，故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“And, for almost that long, Jacob’s Well has been a siren (危险的诱惑), too. (而且，在那差不多长达那么长的一段时间里，雅各布泉也一直是个危险的诱惑源。)”以及文章介绍了雅各布泉是世界上最危险的地方之一，它曾经夺走过不止8名潜水员的性命。由此可知，本文主要介绍的是雅各布泉的危险性，故选B项。 B Pat Patterson, a pilot for 25 years, had never met anyone like the handsome young man in the wheelchair who faced him at the Medford, Oregon, airport on July 28, 1976. Mike Henderson, a quadriplegic (四肢瘫痪者), wanted flying lessons. As a 22­-year-­old Coast Guardsman eight years before, Henderson had fallen off a dock and landed on a floating log, breaking two of his bones. Doctors said that he would probably never walk again, let alone fly. “Here was this doctor telling me how it was going to be,” he says, “but no one was going to limit my freedom to try.” Henderson parked his wheelchair next to the airplane and began to climb up onto the wing. He injured his elbow on the way, and after a great struggle, finally managed to pull himself into the airplane’s pilot’s seat. In the flight office, Pat Patterson watched in disbelief. “He crawled his way up that wing!” he says. “It took him 45 minutes. When I went out, he was sitting in the pilot’s seat, bleeding from his injured elbow all over the place. When I saw him go through that much pain, I knew nothing could stop him.” Now everything was up to the instructor and the student, and together they set about solving each problem as it arose. A small piece of carpet gave Henderson traction (摩擦力) to climb the slippery wing. A headset freed his hands from the radio microphone, and the two men developed a moving bar that enabled Henderson to operate the airplane more easily. Three weeks and eight flying hours after the first lesson, Henderson and Patterson happily phoned Dr. Stoddard — Henderson’s physician. At the airport, as the physician looked on, Henderson quickly wheeled himself around the airplane, doing a thorough, professional ground check. With Patterson and Dr. Stoddard on board, he went through his preflight instrument check. Minutes later, engine starting, the plane rolled down the runway and took off into the gray sky. 5．When did Mike Henderson become disabled? A．At the age of 25. B．In 1968. C．At the age of 30. D．In 1976. 6．What did Pat Patterson think of Mike Henderson when they met first? A．Depressed. B．Experienced. C．Determined. D．Delighted. 7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．How Patterson and Henderson overcame the difficulties together. B．How Patterson helped Henderson overcome the difficulties. C．How Patterson taught Henderson to fly with difficulty. D．The difficulties Henderson faced before flying. 8．What do we know from the text? A．Patterson didn’t want to teach Henderson at first. B．Henderson finally succeeded in flying alone. C．Patterson was very strict with Henderson. D．Henderson went through a lot of difficulties. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，本文讲述的是一位四肢瘫痪的年轻人Mike Henderson向一位经验丰富的老飞行员Pat Patterson学习开飞机的故事。在学习的过程中，二人克服了Mike Henderson因身体残疾所带来的种种困难，最终取得了成功。 5．细节理解题。由第二段中“As a 22­-year-­old Coast Guardsman eight years before, Henderson had fallen off a dock and landed on a floating log, breaking two of his bones.(8年前，作为一名22岁的海岸警卫队队员，Henderson从一个码头上摔下来，落在一根漂浮的圆木上，摔断了两根骨头)”可知，Mike Henderson是在8年前的一次事故中受的伤；且由第一段的“on July 28, 1976”可知，Pat Patterson与Mike Henderson见面的时间是1976年，因此可以推出Mike Henderson因伤致残的时间是1968年。故选B。 6．推理判断题。由第三段中的“When I saw him go through that much pain, I knew nothing could stop him.(当我看到他经历那么多痛苦时，我知道没有什么能阻止他)”可知，Pat Patterson第一次见到Mike Henderson时认为他意志坚决，故选C。 7．主旨大意题。根据第四段内容，结合本段中的“Now everything was up to the instructor and the student, and together they set about solving each problem as it arose.(现在一切都取决于老师和学生，他们一起着手解决每一个出现的问题)”可知，本段主要讲述atterson和Henderson是如何一起克服困难的。B、C项的中心人物是Pat Patterson；D项中的中心人物是Mike Henderson；且这几项都没有突出二人是互相帮助、共同克服困难这一中心思想。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据第三段中“He injured his elbow on the way, and after a great struggle, finally managed to pull himself into the airplane’s pilot’s seat.(途中，他的手肘受了伤，经过一番挣扎，他终于爬上了飞机的驾驶员座位)”和第四段“Now everything was up to the instructor and the student, and together they set about solving each problem as it arose.(现在一切都取决于老师和学生，他们一起着手解决每一个出现的问题)”可知，Henderson经历了很多困难。故选D。 七选五 Keeping Parents Entertained while Camping Camping is a great way to spend family time. It provides great opportunities for you kids to explore new places and try new activities. 9 However, it is sometimes hard for you to share these new worlds with your family. Are you looking forward to your camping trip this summer, but are worried about keeping your parents entertained? Here are a few easy suggestions. Try a New Outdoor Sport Together If you are camping in a wooded or mountainous area, try mountain biking. Encourage your parents to bring their bikes along on your camping trip. 10 Remember to bring along your helmet, so your parents don’t have to worry about your safety and make sure they bring theirs as well. Go canoeing with your parents. You can paddle downstream if you are camping on a river. If your parents like to fish and your camping trip is during fishing season, you can go out in the canoe in the early morning to experience the best fish. 11 Bring Along Craft Supplies When you go camping with your family, bring along some basic craft supplies, like paper, glue and scissors. While exploring the nature around your campsite, pick up anything interesting you might find. 12 Practice Your Nature Identification and Survival Skills If you and your parents share an interest in nature, find a good insect, bird, plant, animal or tree identification book. Try to recognize the different species that you come across with your family. 13 Have your parents teach you to fish or try to make fire using traditional methods. If you and your parents like a challenge, you could learn to identify different types of animal tracks that you may come across during your explorations. A．Winding Down in the Evening. B．You could also learn camping survival skills with your parents. C．Flying along together through the trails will be a cheerful experience. D．Then later in the day you can cook your fish over the campfire. E．With these treasures you can create all types of craft projects to take home. F．Finish your night by making roasting sticks with your parents. G．Even a campsite near home can open up a new world of excitement. 【答案】9．G 10．C 11．D 12．E 13．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。露营是与家人共度时光的好方法。本文向我们介绍了露营时让父母高兴的几条建议。 9．根据上文“Camping is a great way to spend family time. It provides great opportunities for you kids to explore new places and try new activities.(露营是与家人共度时光的好方法。它为你的孩子提供了探索新地方和尝试新活动的好机会。)”提到露营露营的好处。下文“However, it is sometimes hard for you to share these new worlds with your family.(然而，有时你很难与家人分享这些新世界。)”出现转折，说有时很难和家人分享这些新的世界。G选项“Even a campsite near home can open up a new world of excitement.(即使是家附近的露营地也能开启一个令人兴奋的新世界。)”既承接上文露营能带来新体验，又与下文的“new worlds”相呼应。故选G项。 10．根据上文“Encourage your parents to bring their bikes along on your camping trip.(鼓励你的父母在你的露营旅行中带上他们的自行车。)”提到鼓励父母带上自行车。C选项“Flying along together through the trails will be a cheerful experience.(一起沿着小路飞驰将是一次愉快的经历。)”中“Flying along together through the trails” 描述了和父母一起骑行的情景，与上文内容紧密相关，符合语境。故选C项。 11．根据上文“If your parents like to fish and your camping trip is during fishing season, you can go out in the canoe in the early morning to experience the best fish.(如果你的父母喜欢钓鱼，而你的露营之旅是在钓鱼季节，你可以在清晨划着独木舟出去体验钓到最好的鱼。)”提到清晨划独木舟钓鱼。D选项“Then later in the day you can cook your fish over the campfire.(然后在当天晚些时候，你可以在营火上烹饪你钓到的鱼。)”中“cook your fish”与上文钓鱼的内容相承接，说明钓到鱼之后的活动，符合语境。故选D项。 12．根据上文“When you go camping with your family, bring along some basic craft supplies, like paper, glue and scissors. While exploring the nature around your campsite, pick up anything interesting you might find.(当你和家人去露营时，带上一些基本的手工用品，比如纸、胶水和剪刀。在探索露营地周围的大自然时，捡起任何你可能发现的有趣的东西。)”提到带上手工用品和收集有趣的东西。E选项“With these treasures you can create all types of craft projects to take home.(然后你可以用这些宝贝创造出各种手工艺品带回家。)”中“With these treasures”指代上文捡到的有趣的东西，“create all types of craft projects to take home”与上文带手工用品相呼应。故选E项。 13．根据上文段落标题“Practice Your Nature Identification and Survival Skills(练习你的自然识别能力和生存技能)”以及下文“Have your parents teach you to fish or try to make fire using traditional methods.(让你的父母教你钓鱼或尝试用传统的方法生火。)”可知，此处应与学习露营生存技能有关。B选项“You could also learn camping survival skills with your parents.(你也可以和你的父母一起学习露营生存技能。)”中“learn camping survival skills”与主题以及下文内容相契合，符合语境。故选B项。 2、 思维提升-观点分享 假设你是校英文报的通讯员。请你结合本单元“逆境与勇气”的主题以及本课所学的现在完成进行时，写一篇短文，介绍你自己或你认识的人长期以来坚持做的一件事（如学习、运动、志愿服务等），并谈谈坚持的意义。 【讨论要点】 1. 介绍你坚持做的事情以及坚持了多久； 2. 描述过程中遇到的困难以及如何克服； 3. 谈谈坚持带给你的收获或感悟。 【答案】 My Longest Perseverance I have been learning English calligraphy for three years. It all started when I saw a beautiful piece of calligraphy online. Unfortunately, my first attempts were really cruel to look at — messy and ugly. Under my teacher’s patient guidance, I have been practising for at least half an hour every day. There were times when I wanted to give up, but my teacher told me, “As long as you persevere, you will improve.” Those words strengthened my resolve. Now, I have been making steady progress. This experience teaches me that success does not come overnight. With perseverance, even a small step each day can lead to a big change. 3、 思维提升-书面表达 假设你是李明。在你准备英语演讲比赛的过程中，你的英语老师Ms. Zhang一直给予你耐心的指导和鼓励。现在比赛已经结束，你获得了一等奖。请你写一封 100–120词 的英文感谢信给Ms. Zhang，表达你的感激之情。 请同学们根据自己的实际情况，选择A层或B层完成。 ▶ A层作业（基础篇）：语境应用与微写作 任务要求：请根据括号内的中文提示或句型要求，使用本课学过的目标词汇和短语，将这篇短文补充完整。 Dear Ms. Zhang, I am writing to express my sincere gratitude to you. 1. ________________________ (您一直在帮助我：现在完成进行时；help) prepare for the English speaking competition since last month. 2. ________________________ (不幸的是), I used to make a lot of mistakes, and my pronunciation was not 3. ________________________ (彻底的；thorough). Sometimes I felt that the practice was 4. ________________________ (残酷的) to me. However, 5. ________________________ (在您的指导下), I decided to 6. ________________________ (坚持；persevere). You always told me, “7. ________________________ (只要) you keep trying, you will improve.” Your words strengthened my 8. ________________________ (决心). I finally won first prize in the competition. Thank you for everything you 9. ________________________ (一直在为我做：现在完成进行时；do) for me. Yours sincerely, Li Ming ▶ B层作业（提升篇）：情景交际与综合表达 写作任务：请你写一封100–120词的英文感谢信。 【答案】 A层 1.You have been helping me 2.Unfortunately 3.thorough 4.cruel 5.under your guidance 6.persevere 7.As long as 8.resolve 9.have been doing B层 Dear Ms. Zhang, I am writing to thank you from the bottom of my heart. You have been helping me prepare for the English speaking competition since last month. Unfortunately, my pronunciation used to be far from thorough, and I often felt that practising was cruel to me. Under your patient guidance, I made up my resolve to persevere. You always said, “As long as you keep going, you will improve.” Your words never failed to encourage me. You have been spending extra time correcting my mistakes after class, and I have been making steady progress because of you. Thanks to your help, I finally won first prize. I will always remember your kindness. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $