Unit3 Learning About Language（导学案）(含思维训练）英语人教版选择性必修第三册

人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection Learning About Language（导学案） 1.掌握Unit 1 Listening and speaking-Reading and Thinking部分的重点单词、短语和句型； √单词：basin,penguin,reform,undergo,implement,harmonious,moderate,submit,annual,tropic,chaos,nuclear sensitive,jungle √短语：on behalf of, in search of ,link...to...,climate crisis,seize the initiative to do sth.,low-carbon lifestyle √句型：Direct Speech and Indirect Speech 2..思维能力提升 利用直接引语和间接引语的语法规范，提升学生们的口语和书面表达能力。 1、 基础词汇记忆 1. _________ /ˈbeɪsn/ n.流域；盆地；盆 2. _________ /ˈpeŋgwɪn/ n.企鹅 3. __________ /rɪˈfɔ:m/ vi. & vt.改革；（使）改正；改造n. 改革；变革；改良 4. __________/ˌʌndəˈgəʊ/ vt. (underwent, undergone) 经历；经受（变化、不快等） 5. __________ /ˈɪmplɪmənt/ vt. 使生效；贯彻；执行 6.__________ /ha:ˈməʊniəs/ adj. 和谐的 7. ___________ /ˈmɒdərət/ adj. 适度的；中等的；温和的 /ˈmɒdəreɪt/ vi. & vt. 缓和；使适中 8.___________/səbˈmɪt/ vt. & vi. 提交；呈递；屈服 9. _________ /ˈænjuəl/ adj. 每年的；一年的n. 年刊；年鉴 10. __________/ˈtrɒpɪkl/ adj. 热带的；来自热带的 11. _________ /ˈkeɪɒs/ n. 混乱；杂乱；紊乱 12. ___________ /ˈnju:kliə(r)/ adj. 原子能的；核能的；原子核的13.___________ /ˈsensətɪv/ adj. 敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的14.__________ /ˈdʒʌŋgl/ n. （热带）丛林；密林 二、词块记忆 1.代表（代替）某人___________ 2.搜索______________ 3.把....与...联系在一起_________________ 4.气候危机___________________ 5.抓住倡议去做某事____________ 6.低碳生活____________________ Learning About Language 【知识梳理1】submit vt. & vi. (to give or offer something for a decision to be made by others)提交;呈递;屈服 【常用搭配】 (1)submit sth to sb 　　　向某人提交某物 submit to sb/sth/doing 顺从……,听命于…… submit oneself to… 甘受……,服从…… (2)submission n. 提交,呈递;顺从,屈服 【即学即练】 1.The teachers agreed to a special meeting, in_________ (submit) to parents’ demands.   2.No country would submit to____________ (control) by another country.  3.It should be noted that papers _____________(submit) late will not be accepted.   4.Applicants should read the guidance notes carefully__________________(在递交申请前).   【知识梳理2】harmonious adj. 和谐的 【常用搭配】 harmoniously adv. 和谐地；协调地 harmony n. 和谐；协调；融洽；和睦 ①in harmony和谐地；融洽地 ②be in harmony with. . . 与……和谐；与……协调 【即学即练】 1.Animals know how to live ______________(harmonious) in their natural environment. 　2.The new office is ____ harmony with the surroundings，and we work in harmony here. 　3.政府正在采取一些有效的措施来建立和谐社会。（汉译英） 　__________________________________________________________________________________________ 【知识梳理3】sensitive　adj. 敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的 【常用搭配】 ①be sensitive to... 体谅......; 对......敏感/过敏 ②be sensitive about/to... 对......神经过敏; 易因......生气 sense n. 感觉官能；感觉，意识；理解力；判断力；见识 v. 感觉到；意识到 sensible adj. 明智的；合理的；切合实际的；理智的 sensitively adv. 谨慎细致地；小心地 【即学即练】 　1.Although cats cannot see in complete darkness,their eyes are much ______(sense) to light than human eyes. 　2.He _________(sensitive) avoided mentioning her ex-husband’s new girlfriend.? 3.The person I respect is my English teacher，who is very sensitive to every student's feelings.(英译汉)_____________________________________________________________________________________ 【知识梳理4】on behalf of　代表(代替)某人 【常用搭配】 ①on behalf of sb=on sb’s behalf代表(代替)某人 ②stand for 代表,象征 　represent 代表,象征 【即学即练】 1.________ behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work. 2.Smile is a kind of language that ______(stand) for kindness, friendliness, courtesy and consideration. 3.一句多译 (1) Being quick-minded and good at communicating, the young man was appointed to address the tough problem ______________________.(behalf) (2) Being quick-minded and good at communicating, the young man was appointed to address the tough problem______________. (represent)? 这个年轻人头脑敏捷且善于沟通, 因此被派去代表公司解决那个棘手的问题。 【知识梳理5】直接引语和间接引语 阅读下列句子，认真感悟加黑部分，并完成方框下的小题。 (1) The expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. (2) Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before... (3) The reporter asked, “How can we save polar bears from extinction?” (4) Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. (5) “Let’s work together to stop climate change,” the expert said. Summary: 英语中常用两种方式引用别人说的话。一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语，如句_______和_______；另一种是用自己的话转述别人说的话，叫间接引语，如句_______、_______和_______。 Example: She said, “I’m a dentist.” 她说：“我是一名牙医。”(直接引语) →She said that she was a dentist. 她说她是一名牙医。(间接引语) 如果把直接引语变为间接引语，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般均要做相应的改变。其变动的一般规则如下： 一、人称变化的三原则 1．“第一人称随主”原则 如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。 Mary said, “I want to have a computer of my own.” 玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语中为第一人称) →Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own. 玛丽说她想拥有一台她自己的电脑。(间接引语中主语随主句主语改为第三人称) 2．“第二人称随宾”原则 如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。 Her colleague said to her, “Who did you ask for a leave?” 她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？”(直接引语中为第二人称) →Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave. 她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中主语随主句宾语改为第三人称) 3．“第三人称不更新”原则 指直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。 Mr Li said, “Jack is a good worker.” 李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人。”(直接引语的主语为第三人称) →Mr Li said Jack was a good worker. 李先生说杰克是一位好工人。(间接引语中人称不变) 二、时态的变化 直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句为过去时态，则间接引语的时态相应向前推一个时态。如下表所示： 直接引语 间接引语 句子时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 一般将来时 过去将来时 His friend said to him, “We are planning to have a picnic.” 他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时) →His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic. 他的朋友告诉他他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时) The organizer said, “We have begun our plan.” 组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时) →The organizer said that they had begun their plan. 组织者说他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时) 【注意】直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况： 1．直接引语是客观真理、谚语或格言； 2．直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。 My teacher said to us yesterday, “Early birds catch worms.” 昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语) →My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms. 昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(间接引语时态不变) 三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化 引语 用词 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this这个 that那个 these这些 those那些 时间状语 now现在 then那时 today今天 that day那天 this morning今天上午 that morning那天上午 tonight今天晚上 that night那天晚上 tomorrow明天 the next/following day第二天 yesterday昨天 the day before前一天 last night昨天晚上 the night before前一天晚上 the day before yesterday前天 two days before两天前 three days ago三天前 three days before三天前 next week下一周 the next/following week第二周 ago(至今)以前 before(那时)以前 地点状语 here这儿 there那儿 方向性动词 bring带来 take带走 come来 go去 She asked，“Is this book his?” 她问：“这本书是他的吗？”(直接引语中用this) →She asked whether that book was his. 她问那本书是不是他的。(间接引语中改为that) “I’ll be very busy today, ” said the man. 那个人说：“我今天会很忙。”(直接引语中用today) →The man said he would be very busy that day. 那个人说那天他会很忙。(间接引语中改为that day) 四、连接词的选择 1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。 He said, “I was cooking when the earthquake happened.” →He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened. 2．直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or ...或．..or not)或if引导。 He said, “Are you interested in English？” →He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English. 【注意】如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。 3．直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。 “What’s your name?” he asked me. →He asked me what my name was. 【注意】疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。 五、直接引语为祈使句时的变化 当直接引语为祈使句，变间接引语时主句的谓语动词应根据直接引语的口气换用ask，invite，advise，warn，tell，order等词，而原直接引语中的谓语动词则变为不定式。 He said to me，“Don’t be late tomorrow.” →He told me not to be late the next day. The official said，“Get ready before lunch.” →The official ordered us to get ready before lunch. 【即学即练】 1．He asked the boy why he had been late again. →He asked the boy, “______________________________” 2．He asked me to shut the window. →He said to me, “_____________________________” 3．The doctor said to me, “Don’t drink too much.” →The doctor told me _____________________. 4．The old man said, “The boys over there are playing football.” →The old man said that _________________________________. 5．The teacher told us that we would have an English test the next Saturday. →The teacher said to us, “_______________________________________” 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and ____________(comprehend) review of the case. 2.The majority of people in the town ______________(submit)the plan to build a playground for children.? 3.Today,China is blessed with spirited people,breathtaking development,a __________(harmony)society and upraised international authority. 4.Which of the following is a _____________(frequent) topic in small talk. 5.The political _______________(reform) have led to major structural changes in the economy. 6.Laura is _____________ (sensible)about her weight. 7.It is reported that exposure to the sun for a long time is linked________________ skin cancer. 8.When you are in search____________ honey, you are very likely to be hurt by bees. 9.Jane问Jack当她在公共汽车上碰到他时他打算去哪里。(用间接引语翻译句子) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.他说他那天早上遇到史密斯先生了。(用间接引语翻译句子) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、 根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列短文。 　　A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived. They were shocked to find Mac’s bicycle lying on the road, his tent bag torn and Mac just like a drowned mouse. They asked anxiously 1. ____________________(到底发生了什么)．Mac responded breathlessly that 2. ______________________(他差点被一只狼吃掉)． When told about 3. ______________________(Mac经历了什么), they couldn’t help screaming out, “What a narrow escape!” “Yes, without their timely help, 4. ______________________________(我早已经是狼的盘中餐了).” Mac’s friends were also thankful to Paul and Becky. Afraid that there might be more potential dangers ahead, Paul and Becky asked kindly 5. ______________________________(他们是否需要搭便车). Mac and his friends answered with one voice, “6._______________(我们乐意)．Thank you from the bottom of our hearts!” 2、 阅读理解 Traditional Chinese paper-cutting, once limited to window decorations during weddings and the Spring Festival, now is turning up in product design and art exhibitions far from home. Among the artists bringing this thousand-year-old craft into contemporary design is Gen Y creator Chen Fenwan, who has designed gift boxes for Jo Malone and created smartwatch bands for Huawei. Chen calls herself “an artist made of paper”, believing paper shapes both her creations and her thinking. Traditionally, the cut-out parts are abandoned and the intact (完好的) pattern is what people keep. Chen challenges this logic. “Can the hollow (镂空) itself become the main subject?” she asked. This reflection shaped her exhibition displayed on Paris’s Champs-Elysees during the 2024 Summer Olympics. Chen imagines a world where paper is not just a craft material but the foundation of an entire civilization, presenting everything in symmetrical (对称的) paper-cut forms to convey a society built on control and balance. “What matters to me is the logic of subtraction (减法),” she explained. “The interaction of solid and void (实与虚) in paper-cutting represents Eastern philosophies of coexistence.” Surprisingly, when she introduced her work to Thomas Bach, president of the International Olympic Committee, he immediately brought up “yin and yang”, making her realize it is a universal language of balance. Another signature of Chen’s work is her brave use of pink. Pink once was off-limits to her, for it symbolized the “good girl” image. It was not until 2016 that she reinterpreted pink as the natural color of Asian skin, a color of life itself and began to embrace it. Her pinks changed from soft to bright and striking. The shifting shades of pink mirror her growing courage to break free from old ideas. In her view, the modern vitality of paper-cutting does not lie in color, form, or technique, but in the contemporary spirit and ideas it carries. “I want my works to draw attention, but more importantly, to make people think about the stories and realities they reflect.” 1. What is Chen Fenwan’s main contribution to paper-cutting? A. Integrating it into modern products and art. B. Designing and exhibiting her creations. C. Using the intact patterns as the main subject. D. Combining Eastern and Western artistic styles. 2. What is the core concept of Chen Fenwan’s work? A. The universal pursuit of abstract forms. B. The visual harmony through symmetrical forms. C. The philosophy of balance originating from the East. D. The combination of function and beauty in product design. 3. What does Chen Fenwan’s changing use of pink reflect? A. Her tendency to use bright pinks. B. Her bravery to think outside the box. C. Her rejection of the traditional pink image. D. Her strategy to attract attention through color. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. The Evolution of Paper-cutting B. The Rise of Pink in Artistic Creation C. The Philosophy behind Paper-cutting D. An Artist’s Modernization of Paper-cutting 一、阅读理解 A Travel is often unpredictable. It’s so hard to prepare for the unexpected in 2026 as you plan a vacation, so U. S. News considered a variety of factors and here are three top travel insurance companies for your reference. Travelex Insurance Services provides three different kinds of trip protection. The Essential, Advanced and Ultimate plans are the company’s single-trip travel insurance choices. Travelex’s multiple optional upgrades include cancel for any reason coverage, rental car protection, adventure sports coverage, pet care benefits and more. The highest-tier (级) Ultimate plan can also include preexisting conditions (既往症状) coverage if you buy the policy within 21 days of the first fee you pay on the trip. 　World Nomads is known for inclusive coverage across its plans for more than 250 adventure and sports activities, which many other providers only cover if you purchase an add-on. The company has three single-trip plans (Standard, Explorer and Epic). The single-trip policies cover trip cancellation and interruption, trip delays, delayed or damaged luggage, emergency medical issues. The optional cancel for any reason upgrade is available with the Explorer and Epic plans; preexisting conditions are also covered with those two plans. Allianz has been a reputable name in the insurance business since it was established in 1890. The company offers 10 travel insurance plans, including single-trip options, annual plans, and specialized car rental and emergency medical plans. The key plans for an individual vacation are OneTrip Basic, OneTrip Prime and OneTrip Premier. Basic is the most affordable. Prime is considered as the company’s “most popular”, and Premier is the option with the most comprehensive coverage. 1. What is World Nomads known for? A. Covering numerous adventure activities in its plans. B. Having the longest history in the insurance business. C. Offering the most affordable single-trip plans. D. Providing 250 kinds of different insurance plans. 2. Which one is labeled as the most comprehensive coverage by its provider? A. Essential from Travelex. B. Prime from Allianz. C. Premier from Allianz. D. Standard from World Nomads. 3. Which of the statements is TRUE regarding coverage for preexisting conditions? A. All three companies offer it. B. Only World Nomads includes it. C. Allianz covers it with its Basic plan. D. Both Travelex and World Nomads offer it. B Even after eating a large meal, most people can still find room for sweets. Now, research in mice shows that the nerve cells behind feeling full also contribute to strong desire for sugar. In other words, there seems to be a neurological (神经学的) basis for our love of dessert. Previous studies identified that naturally occurring opioids (阿片类物质) in the brain play a crucial role in sugar desire. The main producers of these opioids are nerve cells located in a brain region that adjusts appetite, metabolism and hormones. Known as pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC，前阿片黑素细胞皮质激素) nerve cells, they also control feelings of satiety after eating. 　 To explore whether the cells also drive thirst for sugar, Henning Fenselau at the Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research in Germany and his colleagues tracked the opioid signals the POMC cells send in the brain. The researchers monitored the activity of nerve cells in these regions as mice ate their usual food. When the animals seemed to be full, the team gave them a dessert of sugary chow. The results showed that, on average, the activity between the POMC nerve cells and the PVT (丘脑室旁核) roughly multiplied during dessert consumption, and even rose sharply before the mice started eating the sweets, proving this nerve pathway directly fuels sugar desire. When the team blocked signals from POMC nerve cells to the PVT, the mice consumed 40 per cent less dessert. “The cell types, which are extremely well known for making people feel full, also release signals that cause the appetite for sugar, and they do so particularly in the state of being full,” says Fenselau. “This would explain why animals — humans — over-consume sugar when they’re actually full.” 4. What does the underlined word “satiety” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Desire. B. Fullness. C. Appetite. D. Delight. 5. Which of the following is the finding of the mice experiment? A. The mice had more appetite for sugar than usual food. B. The mice had less dessert consumption in their daily diet. C. The mice had more responses in POMC than in PVT areas. D. The mice had less sugar desire as brain signals were interrupted. 6. What can be inferred from Fenselau’s words? A. The feeling of being full generates sugar desire. B. Humans consume more sugar than animals. C. Sugar desire has nothing to do with appetite. D. Nerve cells make it easy for people to feel full. 7. What can we learn from the text? A. Potential risks of sugar over-consumption for mice. B. Differences of animal-human neurological responses. C. Explanation of brain mechanism of sugar desire. D. Different views on sugar desire after meals in mice. C Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly seen as a key to reducing urban air pollution and reliance on fossil fuels. Governments such as the UK, have announced plans to ban new petrol and diesel car sales from 2030, signaling strong policy support for a cleaner transport future. Yet, the path to a fully electric society is far from straightforward, with several challenges yet to be overcome. 　Two major practical difficulties stand in the way. First EVs currently suffer from limited battery ranges compared to conventional vehicles, which can travel longer distances on a full tank of fuel. Second, charging infrastructure (基础设施) remains underdeveloped, with charging points still insufficient in most regions. These factors contribute to “range anxiety” among potential buyers, slowing the shift to electric transport. 　On the technological front, solid-state batteries are viewed as a promising breakthrough. Though currently used mainly in consumer electronics like smartphones, they are expected to enter the car market in the coming years, offering quicker charging times and an extended driving range. This could significantly enhance the appeal of EVs to the general public. Economically, high initial costs continue to be a barrier. However, some countries have introduced policy supports, such as tax reductions, purchase subsidies (补贴), and dedicated traffic lanes for EVs, helping to boost adoption rates. Norway serves as a leading example, with the highest number of electric cars per person globally. 　Nevertheless, experts like Colin Herron caution that EVs alone do not equal a zero-carbon future. Their environmental impact depends heavily on how the electricity used to charge them is generated. If the power comes mainly from fossil fuels, the overall emission reduction is limited. In addition, manufacturing EVs — especially their batteries — carries a substantial carbon footprint. Therefore, a truly sustainable transport system may require not only cleaner cars, but also greater use of public transport and a societal move toward fewer and shorter private vehicle trips. 8. What challenges do EVs mainly face? A High costs and low popularity. B. Tech delays and unstable power. C. Limited battery life and safety issues. D. Limited ranges and insufficient charging points. 9. How do some governments promote EV adoption? A. By raising taxes on petrol cars sharply. B. By offering tax cuts, subsidies and special lanes. C. By increasing the number of city parking spaces. D. By enhancing the quality of public transport services. 10. What does Colin Herron’s warning imply? A. EV benefits rely on clean electricity sources. B. EVs cannot become truly green in the future. C. Deadlines for banning fuel cars are not wise. D. Battery technology is the key to green transport. 11. What is the main purpose of the text? A To introduce the latest EV models to readers. B. To call for investment in charging facilities. C. To discuss both the future and problems of EVs. D. To blame car makers for high production costs. 二、思维提升-观点分享 　Work in groups. Do a survey on what your group members are doing to help the environment and what else they can do. Then report to the class. 　　　Michelle I always use my cloth bag when I go shopping, rather than use plastic bags. 　　　Jack I often walk or ride a bike instead of taking a taxi. 　　　Sally Don't print out documents unless really necessary. 　　　Joe Would it be best to share books with others? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection Learning About Language（导学案） 1.掌握Unit 1 Listening and speaking-Reading and Thinking部分的重点单词、短语和句型； √单词：basin,penguin,reform,undergo,implement,harmonious,moderate,submit,annual,tropic,chaos,nuclear sensitive,jungle √短语：on behalf of, in search of ,link...to...,climate crisis,seize the initiative to do sth.,low-carbon lifestyle √句型：Direct Speech and Indirect Speech 2..思维能力提升 利用直接引语和间接引语的语法规范，提升学生们的口语和书面表达能力。 1、 基础词汇记忆 1. _________ /ˈbeɪsn/ n.流域；盆地；盆 2. _________ /ˈpeŋgwɪn/ n.企鹅 3. __________ /rɪˈfɔ:m/ vi. & vt.改革；（使）改正；改造n. 改革；变革；改良 4. __________/ˌʌndəˈgəʊ/ vt. (underwent, undergone) 经历；经受（变化、不快等） 5. __________ /ˈɪmplɪmənt/ vt. 使生效；贯彻；执行 6.__________ /ha:ˈməʊniəs/ adj. 和谐的 7. ___________ /ˈmɒdərət/ adj. 适度的；中等的；温和的 /ˈmɒdəreɪt/ vi. & vt. 缓和；使适中 8.___________/səbˈmɪt/ vt. & vi. 提交；呈递；屈服 9. _________ /ˈænjuəl/ adj. 每年的；一年的n. 年刊；年鉴 10. __________/ˈtrɒpɪkl/ adj. 热带的；来自热带的 11. _________ /ˈkeɪɒs/ n. 混乱；杂乱；紊乱 12. ___________ /ˈnju:kliə(r)/ adj. 原子能的；核能的；原子核的13.___________ /ˈsensətɪv/ adj. 敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的14.__________ /ˈdʒʌŋgl/ n. （热带）丛林；密林 【答案】  1.basin 2.penguin 3.reform 4. undergo 5. implement 6. harmonious 7.moderate 8. submit 9.annual 10. tropical 11.chaos 12.nuclear 13.sensitive 14. jungle 二、词块记忆 1.代表（代替）某人___________ 2.搜索______________ 3.把....与...联系在一起_________________ 4.气候危机___________________ 5.抓住倡议去做某事____________ 6.低碳生活____________________ 【答案】 1.on behalf of 2. in search of 3.link...to... 4.climate crisis 5.seize the initiative to do sth. 6.low-carbon lifestyle Learning About Language 【知识梳理1】submit vt. & vi. (to give or offer something for a decision to be made by others)提交;呈递;屈服 【常用搭配】 (1)submit sth to sb 　　　向某人提交某物 submit to sb/sth/doing 顺从……,听命于…… submit oneself to… 甘受……,服从…… (2)submission n. 提交,呈递;顺从,屈服 【即学即练】 1.The teachers agreed to a special meeting, in_________ (submit) to parents’ demands.   2.No country would submit to____________ (control) by another country.  3.It should be noted that papers _____________(submit) late will not be accepted.   4.Applicants should read the guidance notes carefully__________________(在递交申请前).   【答案】1.submission 2.being controlled 3.submitted 4.before submitting their applications 【知识梳理2】harmonious adj. 和谐的 【常用搭配】 harmoniously adv. 和谐地；协调地 harmony n. 和谐；协调；融洽；和睦 ①in harmony和谐地；融洽地 ②be in harmony with. . . 与……和谐；与……协调 【即学即练】 1.Animals know how to live ______________(harmonious) in their natural environment. 　2.The new office is ____ harmony with the surroundings，and we work in harmony here. 　3.政府正在采取一些有效的措施来建立和谐社会。（汉译英） 　__________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1.harmoniously 2.in 3.The government is taking some effective measures to build up a harmonious society. 【知识梳理3】sensitive　adj. 敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的 【常用搭配】 ①be sensitive to... 体谅......; 对......敏感/过敏 ②be sensitive about/to... 对......神经过敏; 易因......生气 sense n. 感觉官能；感觉，意识；理解力；判断力；见识 v. 感觉到；意识到 sensible adj. 明智的；合理的；切合实际的；理智的 sensitively adv. 谨慎细致地；小心地 【即学即练】 　1.Although cats cannot see in complete darkness,their eyes are much ______(sense) to light than human eyes. 　2.He _________(sensitive) avoided mentioning her ex-husband’s new girlfriend.? 3.The person I respect is my English teacher，who is very sensitive to every student's feelings.(英译汉)_____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1.sensitive 2.sensitively 3.我的英语老师很体谅学生们的感受，我很尊敬他（她）。 【知识梳理4】on behalf of　代表(代替)某人 【常用搭配】 ①on behalf of sb=on sb’s behalf代表(代替)某人 ②stand for 代表,象征 　represent 代表,象征 【即学即练】 1.________ behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work. 2.Smile is a kind of language that ______(stand) for kindness, friendliness, courtesy and consideration. 3.一句多译 (1) Being quick-minded and good at communicating, the young man was appointed to address the tough problem ______________________.(behalf) (2) Being quick-minded and good at communicating, the young man was appointed to address the tough problem______________. (represent)? 这个年轻人头脑敏捷且善于沟通, 因此被派去代表公司解决那个棘手的问题。 【答案】1.On 2. stands 3.(1) on behalf of the company (2) representing the company 【知识梳理5】直接引语和间接引语 阅读下列句子，认真感悟加黑部分，并完成方框下的小题。 (1) The expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. (2) Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before... (3) The reporter asked, “How can we save polar bears from extinction?” (4) Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. (5) “Let’s work together to stop climate change,” the expert said. Summary: 英语中常用两种方式引用别人说的话。一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语，如句_______和_______；另一种是用自己的话转述别人说的话，叫间接引语，如句_______、_______和_______。 【答案】③ ⑤ ① ② ④ Example: She said, “I’m a dentist.” 她说：“我是一名牙医。”(直接引语) →She said that she was a dentist. 她说她是一名牙医。(间接引语) 如果把直接引语变为间接引语，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般均要做相应的改变。其变动的一般规则如下： 一、人称变化的三原则 1．“第一人称随主”原则 如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。 Mary said, “I want to have a computer of my own.” 玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语中为第一人称) →Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own. 玛丽说她想拥有一台她自己的电脑。(间接引语中主语随主句主语改为第三人称) 2．“第二人称随宾”原则 如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。 Her colleague said to her, “Who did you ask for a leave?” 她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？”(直接引语中为第二人称) →Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave. 她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中主语随主句宾语改为第三人称) 3．“第三人称不更新”原则 指直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。 Mr Li said, “Jack is a good worker.” 李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人。”(直接引语的主语为第三人称) →Mr Li said Jack was a good worker. 李先生说杰克是一位好工人。(间接引语中人称不变) 二、时态的变化 直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句为过去时态，则间接引语的时态相应向前推一个时态。如下表所示： 直接引语 间接引语 句子时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 一般将来时 过去将来时 His friend said to him, “We are planning to have a picnic.” 他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时) →His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic. 他的朋友告诉他他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时) The organizer said, “We have begun our plan.” 组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时) →The organizer said that they had begun their plan. 组织者说他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时) 【注意】直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况： 1．直接引语是客观真理、谚语或格言； 2．直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。 My teacher said to us yesterday, “Early birds catch worms.” 昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语) →My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms. 昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(间接引语时态不变) 三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化 引语 用词 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this这个 that那个 these这些 those那些 时间状语 now现在 then那时 today今天 that day那天 this morning今天上午 that morning那天上午 tonight今天晚上 that night那天晚上 tomorrow明天 the next/following day第二天 yesterday昨天 the day before前一天 last night昨天晚上 the night before前一天晚上 the day before yesterday前天 two days before两天前 three days ago三天前 three days before三天前 next week下一周 the next/following week第二周 ago(至今)以前 before(那时)以前 地点状语 here这儿 there那儿 方向性动词 bring带来 take带走 come来 go去 She asked，“Is this book his?” 她问：“这本书是他的吗？”(直接引语中用this) →She asked whether that book was his. 她问那本书是不是他的。(间接引语中改为that) “I’ll be very busy today, ” said the man. 那个人说：“我今天会很忙。”(直接引语中用today) →The man said he would be very busy that day. 那个人说那天他会很忙。(间接引语中改为that day) 四、连接词的选择 1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。 He said, “I was cooking when the earthquake happened.” →He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened. 2．直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or ...或．..or not)或if引导。 He said, “Are you interested in English？” →He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English. 【注意】如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。 3．直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。 “What’s your name?” he asked me. →He asked me what my name was. 【注意】疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。 五、直接引语为祈使句时的变化 当直接引语为祈使句，变间接引语时主句的谓语动词应根据直接引语的口气换用ask，invite，advise，warn，tell，order等词，而原直接引语中的谓语动词则变为不定式。 He said to me，“Don’t be late tomorrow.” →He told me not to be late the next day. The official said，“Get ready before lunch.” →The official ordered us to get ready before lunch. 【即学即练】 1．He asked the boy why he had been late again. →He asked the boy, “______________________________” 2．He asked me to shut the window. →He said to me, “_____________________________” 3．The doctor said to me, “Don’t drink too much.” →The doctor told me _____________________. 4．The old man said, “The boys over there are playing football.” →The old man said that _________________________________. 5．The teacher told us that we would have an English test the next Saturday. →The teacher said to us, “_______________________________________” 【答案】 1.Why are you late again? 2.Please shut the window. 3.not to drink too much 4.the boys over there were playing football 5.We will have an English test this Saturday. 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and ____________(comprehend) review of the case. 【答案】comprehensive 【解析】考查形容词。句意：警察决定对案件进行一次彻底且全面的审查。分析句子结构可知，此处需要形容词修饰名词?review,comprehend的形容词形式是?comprehensive，意为“全面的；综合的”。故填comprehensive。 2.The majority of people in the town ______________(submit)the plan to build a playground for children.? 【答案】submitted 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：镇上大多数人提交了为孩子们建操场的计划。 句子主语the majority of people为复数，此处可使用一般过去时submitted（表示被动完成）。故填submitted。 3.Today,China is blessed with spirited people,breathtaking development,a __________(harmony)society and upraised international authority. 【答案】harmonious 【解析】考查形容词。句意：今天，中国拥有朝气蓬勃的人民、令人惊叹的发展、和谐的社会和提升的国际权威。分析句子结构可知，此处需要形容词修饰名词society，harmony的形容词形式是harmonious，意为“和谐的”。故填harmonious。 4.Which of the following is a _____________(frequent) topic in small talk. 【答案】frequent 【解析】考查形容词。句意：以下哪一项是闲聊中常见的话题。分析句子结构可知，此处需要形容词修饰名词topic，frequent本身就是形容词，意为“频繁的；常见的”。故填frequent。 5.The political _______________(reform) have led to major structural changes in the economy. 【答案】reforms 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：政治改革导致了经济结构的重大变化。分析句子结构可知，此处需要名词作主语，且谓语动词have led为复数形式，故主语也应为复数。reform?的复数形式是reforms，意为“改革”。故填reforms。 6.Laura is _____________ (sensible)about her weight. 【答案】sensitive 【解析】考查形容词。句意：劳拉对自己的体重很敏感。分析句子结构可知，此处需要形容词作表语，且be sensitive about为固定搭配，意为“对……敏感”。sensible意为“明智的”，不符合语境，应使用sensitive。故填sensitive。 7.It is reported that exposure to the sun for a long time is linked________________ skin cancer. 【答案】to 【解析】考查介词。句意：据报道，长时间暴露在阳光下与皮肤癌有关。be linked to为固定搭配，意为“与……有关；与……有联系”。故填to。 8.When you are in search____________ honey, you are very likely to be hurt by bees. 【答案】of 【解析】考查介词。句意：当你寻找蜂蜜时，你很有可能被蜜蜂蛰伤。in search of为固定搭配，意为“寻找；搜寻”。故填of。 9.Jane问Jack当她在公共汽车上碰到他时他打算去哪里。(用间接引语翻译句子) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Jane asked Jack where he was going when she met him on the bus. 【解析】考查间接引语（宾语从句）和时态。主句“Jane问”用一般过去时asked。直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语中用陈述语序，疑问词 where引导宾语从句。原句“打算去”是过去将来时/过去进行时表将来，在间接引语中变为was going；时间状语从句“在公共汽车上碰到他”也用一般过去时met，与主句时态呼应。 10.他说他那天早上遇到史密斯先生了。(用间接引语翻译句子) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He said that he had met Mr. Smith that morning. 【解析】考查间接引语和时态。主句“他说”用一般过去时said。 直接引语为陈述句，间接引语中用that 引导宾语从句（that可省略）。原句“遇到了”是过去发生的动作，在间接引语中要变为过去完成时had met（表示动作发生在“说”之前）；时间状语“那天早上”变为that morning。 二、 根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列短文。 　　A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived. They were shocked to find Mac’s bicycle lying on the road, his tent bag torn and Mac just like a drowned mouse. They asked anxiously 1. ____________________(到底发生了什么)．Mac responded breathlessly that 2. ______________________(他差点被一只狼吃掉)． When told about 3. ______________________(Mac经历了什么), they couldn’t help screaming out, “What a narrow escape!” “Yes, without their timely help, 4. ______________________________(我早已经是狼的盘中餐了).” Mac’s friends were also thankful to Paul and Becky. Afraid that there might be more potential dangers ahead, Paul and Becky asked kindly 5. ______________________________(他们是否需要搭便车). Mac and his friends answered with one voice, “6._______________(我们乐意)．Thank you from the bottom of our hearts!” 【答案】 1.what on earth had happened 2.he had nearly been eaten by a wolf 3.what Mac had experienced 4.I would have been the wolf’s meal already 5.whether/if they needed a lift 6.We’d love to / We’d be glad to / We’d like to 2、 阅读理解 Traditional Chinese paper-cutting, once limited to window decorations during weddings and the Spring Festival, now is turning up in product design and art exhibitions far from home. Among the artists bringing this thousand-year-old craft into contemporary design is Gen Y creator Chen Fenwan, who has designed gift boxes for Jo Malone and created smartwatch bands for Huawei. Chen calls herself “an artist made of paper”, believing paper shapes both her creations and her thinking. Traditionally, the cut-out parts are abandoned and the intact (完好的) pattern is what people keep. Chen challenges this logic. “Can the hollow (镂空) itself become the main subject?” she asked. This reflection shaped her exhibition displayed on Paris’s Champs-Elysees during the 2024 Summer Olympics. Chen imagines a world where paper is not just a craft material but the foundation of an entire civilization, presenting everything in symmetrical (对称的) paper-cut forms to convey a society built on control and balance. “What matters to me is the logic of subtraction (减法),” she explained. “The interaction of solid and void (实与虚) in paper-cutting represents Eastern philosophies of coexistence.” Surprisingly, when she introduced her work to Thomas Bach, president of the International Olympic Committee, he immediately brought up “yin and yang”, making her realize it is a universal language of balance. Another signature of Chen’s work is her brave use of pink. Pink once was off-limits to her, for it symbolized the “good girl” image. It was not until 2016 that she reinterpreted pink as the natural color of Asian skin, a color of life itself and began to embrace it. Her pinks changed from soft to bright and striking. The shifting shades of pink mirror her growing courage to break free from old ideas. In her view, the modern vitality of paper-cutting does not lie in color, form, or technique, but in the contemporary spirit and ideas it carries. “I want my works to draw attention, but more importantly, to make people think about the stories and realities they reflect.” 1. What is Chen Fenwan’s main contribution to paper-cutting? A. Integrating it into modern products and art. B. Designing and exhibiting her creations. C. Using the intact patterns as the main subject. D. Combining Eastern and Western artistic styles. 2. What is the core concept of Chen Fenwan’s work? A. The universal pursuit of abstract forms. B. The visual harmony through symmetrical forms. C. The philosophy of balance originating from the East. D. The combination of function and beauty in product design. 3. What does Chen Fenwan’s changing use of pink reflect? A. Her tendency to use bright pinks. B. Her bravery to think outside the box. C. Her rejection of the traditional pink image. D. Her strategy to attract attention through color. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. The Evolution of Paper-cutting B. The Rise of Pink in Artistic Creation C. The Philosophy behind Paper-cutting D. An Artist’s Modernization of Paper-cutting 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 【解析】 1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Traditional Chinese paper-cutting, once limited to window decorations during weddings and the Spring Festival, now is turning up in product design and art exhibitions far from home. Among the artists bringing this thousand-year-old craft into contemporary design is Gen Y creator Chen Fenwan, who has designed gift boxes for Jo Malone and created smartwatch bands for Huawei.(中国传统剪纸曾仅限于婚礼和春节时的窗花装饰，如今却出现在海外的产品设计与艺术展览中。在将这一千年工艺融入现代设计的艺术家中，90后创作者陈粉丸便是其中之一，她曾为祖马龙设计礼盒，也为华为设计过智能手表表带)”可知，其在剪纸艺术方面的主要贡献是将其融入现代产品和艺术之中。故选A。 2.细节理解题。根据第三段““The interaction of solid and void (实与虚) in paper-cutting represents Eastern philosophies of coexistence.” Surprisingly, when she introduced her work to Thomas Bach, president of the International Olympic Committee, he immediately brought up “yin and yang”, making her realize it is a universal language of balance. (“剪纸艺术中实与虚的相互作用体现了东方关于共存的哲学思想。”令人惊讶的是，当她向国际奥委会主席托马斯·巴赫介绍自己的作品时，他立刻提到了“阴阳”概念，这让她意识到这是一种关于平衡的通用语言)”可知，其作品核心理念是来自东方的平衡哲学。故选C。 3.细节理解题。根据第四段“The shifting shades of pink mirror her growing courage to break free from old ideas.(那逐渐变化的粉色色调象征着她逐渐鼓起勇气，想要摆脱那些陈旧的观念)”可知，陈粉丸对粉色的不断变换运用反映了她敢于跳出常规思考的勇气。故选B。 4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Traditional Chinese paper-cutting, once limited to window decorations during weddings and the Spring Festival, now is turning up in product design and art exhibitions far from home. Among the artists bringing this thousand-year-old craft into contemporary design is Gen Y creator Chen Fenwan, who has designed gift boxes for Jo Malone and created smartwatch bands for Huawei.(中国传统剪纸曾仅限于婚礼和春节时的窗花装饰，如今却出现在海外的产品设计与艺术展览中。在将这一千年工艺融入现代设计的艺术家中，90后创作者陈粉丸便是其中之一，她曾为祖马龙设计礼盒，也为华为设计过智能手表表带)”结合文章主要说明了90 后艺术家陈粉丸将中国传统剪纸融入现代产品与艺术，探索平衡哲学，借粉色打破旧观念，赋予剪纸现代活力。可知，D选项“一位艺术家对剪纸艺术的现代演绎”最符合文章标题。故选D。 一、阅读理解 A Travel is often unpredictable. It’s so hard to prepare for the unexpected in 2026 as you plan a vacation, so U. S. News considered a variety of factors and here are three top travel insurance companies for your reference. Travelex Insurance Services provides three different kinds of trip protection. The Essential, Advanced and Ultimate plans are the company’s single-trip travel insurance choices. Travelex’s multiple optional upgrades include cancel for any reason coverage, rental car protection, adventure sports coverage, pet care benefits and more. The highest-tier (级) Ultimate plan can also include preexisting conditions (既往症状) coverage if you buy the policy within 21 days of the first fee you pay on the trip. 　World Nomads is known for inclusive coverage across its plans for more than 250 adventure and sports activities, which many other providers only cover if you purchase an add-on. The company has three single-trip plans (Standard, Explorer and Epic). The single-trip policies cover trip cancellation and interruption, trip delays, delayed or damaged luggage, emergency medical issues. The optional cancel for any reason upgrade is available with the Explorer and Epic plans; preexisting conditions are also covered with those two plans. Allianz has been a reputable name in the insurance business since it was established in 1890. The company offers 10 travel insurance plans, including single-trip options, annual plans, and specialized car rental and emergency medical plans. The key plans for an individual vacation are OneTrip Basic, OneTrip Prime and OneTrip Premier. Basic is the most affordable. Prime is considered as the company’s “most popular”, and Premier is the option with the most comprehensive coverage. 1. What is World Nomads known for? A. Covering numerous adventure activities in its plans. B. Having the longest history in the insurance business. C. Offering the most affordable single-trip plans. D. Providing 250 kinds of different insurance plans. 2. Which one is labeled as the most comprehensive coverage by its provider? A. Essential from Travelex. B. Prime from Allianz. C. Premier from Allianz. D. Standard from World Nomads. 3. Which of the statements is TRUE regarding coverage for preexisting conditions? A. All three companies offer it. B. Only World Nomads includes it. C. Allianz covers it with its Basic plan. D. Both Travelex and World Nomads offer it. B Even after eating a large meal, most people can still find room for sweets. Now, research in mice shows that the nerve cells behind feeling full also contribute to strong desire for sugar. In other words, there seems to be a neurological (神经学的) basis for our love of dessert. Previous studies identified that naturally occurring opioids (阿片类物质) in the brain play a crucial role in sugar desire. The main producers of these opioids are nerve cells located in a brain region that adjusts appetite, metabolism and hormones. Known as pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC，前阿片黑素细胞皮质激素) nerve cells, they also control feelings of satiety after eating. 　 To explore whether the cells also drive thirst for sugar, Henning Fenselau at the Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research in Germany and his colleagues tracked the opioid signals the POMC cells send in the brain. The researchers monitored the activity of nerve cells in these regions as mice ate their usual food. When the animals seemed to be full, the team gave them a dessert of sugary chow. The results showed that, on average, the activity between the POMC nerve cells and the PVT (丘脑室旁核) roughly multiplied during dessert consumption, and even rose sharply before the mice started eating the sweets, proving this nerve pathway directly fuels sugar desire. When the team blocked signals from POMC nerve cells to the PVT, the mice consumed 40 per cent less dessert. “The cell types, which are extremely well known for making people feel full, also release signals that cause the appetite for sugar, and they do so particularly in the state of being full,” says Fenselau. “This would explain why animals — humans — over-consume sugar when they’re actually full.” 4. What does the underlined word “satiety” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Desire. B. Fullness. C. Appetite. D. Delight. 5. Which of the following is the finding of the mice experiment? A. The mice had more appetite for sugar than usual food. B. The mice had less dessert consumption in their daily diet. C. The mice had more responses in POMC than in PVT areas. D. The mice had less sugar desire as brain signals were interrupted. 6. What can be inferred from Fenselau’s words? A. The feeling of being full generates sugar desire. B. Humans consume more sugar than animals. C. Sugar desire has nothing to do with appetite. D. Nerve cells make it easy for people to feel full. 7. What can we learn from the text? A. Potential risks of sugar over-consumption for mice. B. Differences of animal-human neurological responses. C. Explanation of brain mechanism of sugar desire. D. Different views on sugar desire after meals in mice. C Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly seen as a key to reducing urban air pollution and reliance on fossil fuels. Governments such as the UK, have announced plans to ban new petrol and diesel car sales from 2030, signaling strong policy support for a cleaner transport future. Yet, the path to a fully electric society is far from straightforward, with several challenges yet to be overcome. 　Two major practical difficulties stand in the way. First EVs currently suffer from limited battery ranges compared to conventional vehicles, which can travel longer distances on a full tank of fuel. Second, charging infrastructure (基础设施) remains underdeveloped, with charging points still insufficient in most regions. These factors contribute to “range anxiety” among potential buyers, slowing the shift to electric transport. 　On the technological front, solid-state batteries are viewed as a promising breakthrough. Though currently used mainly in consumer electronics like smartphones, they are expected to enter the car market in the coming years, offering quicker charging times and an extended driving range. This could significantly enhance the appeal of EVs to the general public. Economically, high initial costs continue to be a barrier. However, some countries have introduced policy supports, such as tax reductions, purchase subsidies (补贴), and dedicated traffic lanes for EVs, helping to boost adoption rates. Norway serves as a leading example, with the highest number of electric cars per person globally. 　Nevertheless, experts like Colin Herron caution that EVs alone do not equal a zero-carbon future. Their environmental impact depends heavily on how the electricity used to charge them is generated. If the power comes mainly from fossil fuels, the overall emission reduction is limited. In addition, manufacturing EVs — especially their batteries — carries a substantial carbon footprint. Therefore, a truly sustainable transport system may require not only cleaner cars, but also greater use of public transport and a societal move toward fewer and shorter private vehicle trips. 8. What challenges do EVs mainly face? A High costs and low popularity. B. Tech delays and unstable power. C. Limited battery life and safety issues. D. Limited ranges and insufficient charging points. 9. How do some governments promote EV adoption? A. By raising taxes on petrol cars sharply. B. By offering tax cuts, subsidies and special lanes. C. By increasing the number of city parking spaces. D. By enhancing the quality of public transport services. 10. What does Colin Herron’s warning imply? A. EV benefits rely on clean electricity sources. B. EVs cannot become truly green in the future. C. Deadlines for banning fuel cars are not wise. D. Battery technology is the key to green transport. 11. What is the main purpose of the text? A To introduce the latest EV models to readers. B. To call for investment in charging facilities. C. To discuss both the future and problems of EVs. D. To blame car makers for high production costs. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C 【解析】 1.细节理解题。根据第三段“World Nomads is known for inclusive coverage across its plans for more than 250 adventure and sports activities, which many other providers only cover if you purchase an add-on. (World Nomads以其涵盖250多种冒险和体育活动的计划而闻名，许多其他提供商仅在您购买附加服务时才覆盖这些活动。)”可知，World Nomads以在套餐中包含众多探险活动而知名。故选A项。 2.细节理解题。根据第四段“Prime is considered as the company’s “most popular”, and Premier is the option with the most comprehensive coverage. (Prime被视为该公司“最受欢迎”的产品，而 Premier则是保障范围最全面的选择。)”可知，Allianz的Premier套餐被标注为保障最全面。故选C项。 3.推理判断题。根据第二段“The highest-tier (级) Ultimate plan can also include preexisting conditions (既往症状) coverage if you buy the policy within 21 days of the first fee you pay on the trip. (如果你在支付旅行首笔费用后的21天内购买保单，Travelex最高级别的最后计划也包含既往疾病保障。)”和根据第三段“The optional cancel for any reason upgrade is available with the Explorer and Epic plans; preexisting conditions are also covered with those two plans. (Explorer和Epic套餐可加购任意理由取消的升级服务，且这两款套餐也涵盖既往症保障。)”可知，Travelex和World Nomads都提供既往疾病保障。故选D项。 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项科学研究发现：人吃饱后仍想吃甜食，并非单纯的习惯，而是有神经学基础——负责产生饱腹感的POMC神经细胞，同时也会激发对糖分的渴望。 4.词句猜测题。根据第二段“Known as pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) nerve cells, they also control feelings of satiety after eating. (这些被称为前阿片黑素细胞皮质激素的神经细胞，也控制着进食后的satiety感)”和最后一段中“The cell types, which are extremely well known for making people feel full, also release signals that cause the appetite for sugar, and they do so particularly in the state of being full(这些细胞类型对于让人们产生饱腹感的作用是众所周知的，它们还会释放出促使人们产生对糖分渴望的信号，而且这种作用在饱腹状态下尤为明显)”可知，这些细胞让人们产生饱腹感，进而推断satiety表示“饱、饱腹感”。故选B。 5.细节理解题。根据第三段“When the team blocked signals from POMC nerve cells to the PVT, the mice consumed 40 per cent less dessert.(当研究团队阻断了从POMC神经细胞到丘脑室旁核的信号时，老鼠吃的甜点减少了40%)”可知，老鼠实验的发现是：当大脑信号被阻断时，老鼠对糖的渴望降低。故选D。 6.推理判断题。根据第四段“The cell types, which are extremely well known for making people feel full, also release signals that cause the appetite for sugar, and they do so particularly in the state of being full. (这些以让人产生饱腹感而闻名的细胞，也会释放引发对糖分食欲的信号，而且它们尤其在吃饱的状态下这样做)”可推知，饱腹感会催生对糖分的渴望。故选A。 7.主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Even after eating a large meal, most people can still find room for sweets. Now, research in mice shows that the nerve cells behind feeling full also contribute to strong desire for sugar. In other words, there seems to be a neurological (神经学的) basis for our love of dessert.(即便饱餐一顿之后，大多数人仍能找到吃甜食的空间。现在，对老鼠的研究表明，负责产生饱腹感的神经细胞也与强烈的糖分渴望有关。换句话说，我们对甜食的喜爱似乎有着神经学上的原因)”可知，全文围绕“吃饱后想吃甜食”的现象展开，介绍了其背后的大脑神经机制，解释了为什么人在饱腹状态下仍会想吃糖。故选C。 8.细节理解题。根据第二段“First, EVs currently suffer from limited battery ranges compared to conventional vehicles, which can travel longer distances on a full tank of fuel. Second, charging infrastructure (基础设施) remains underdeveloped, with charging points still insufficient in most regions. (首先，与传统汽车相比，电动汽车目前续航里程有限，传统汽车加满油后能行驶更长距离。其次，充电基础设施仍不完善，大多数地区的充电桩数量依然不足)”可知，电动汽车主要面临续航有限、充电桩不足的挑战。故选D项。 9.细节理解题。根据第四段“However, some countries have introduced policy supports, such as tax reductions, purchase subsidies (补贴), and dedicated traffic lanes for EVs, helping to boost adoption rates.(然而，一些国家已经出台了政策支持，例如减税、购车补贴以及电动汽车专用车道，这有助于提高其普及率)”可知，部分政府通过减税、补贴和专用车道推广电动汽车。故选B项。 10.推理判断题。根据第五段“Nevertheless, experts like Colin Herron caution that EVs alone do not equal a zero-carbon future. Their environmental impact depends heavily on how the electricity used to charge them is generated. If the power comes mainly from fossil fuels, the overall emission reduction is limited. In addition, manufacturing EVs — especially their batteries — carries a substantial carbon footprint. (然而，像Colin Herron这样的专家提醒道，仅靠电动汽车并不等于实现零碳未来。它们对环境的影响很大程度上取决于充电电力的来源。如果电力主要来自化石燃料，整体减排效果就有限。此外，电动汽车的生产 —— 尤其是电池 —— 会产生巨大的碳足迹)”可知，Colin Herron的警告暗示电动汽车的环保效益依赖清洁电力来源。故选A项。 11.推理判断题。根据第一段“Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly seen as a key to reducing urban air pollution and reliance on fossil fuels. Governments, such as the UK, have announced plans to ban new petrol and diesel car sales from 2030, signaling strong policy support for a cleaner transport future. Yet, the path to a fully electric society is far from straightforward, with several challenges yet to be overcome.(电动汽车正日益被视为减少城市空气污染、降低对化石燃料依赖的关键。包括英国在内的多国政府已宣布计划从2030年起禁止销售新的汽油和柴油车，这标志着对更清洁交通未来的有力政策支持。然而，实现全面电动化的道路绝非一帆风顺，仍有若干挑战亟待克服)”及全文内容可知，本文旨在讨论电动汽车的发展前景与现存问题。故选C项。 二、思维提升-观点分享 　Work in groups. Do a survey on what your group members are doing to help the environment and what else they can do. Then report to the class. 　　　Michelle I always use my cloth bag when I go shopping, rather than use plastic bags. 　　　Jack I often walk or ride a bike instead of taking a taxi. 　　　Sally Don't print out documents unless really necessary. 　　　Joe Would it be best to share books with others? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 　　　　　　　　　　　　Environmental Action Survey Report I asked my group members what they are doing to help protect the environment and what more we can do in our daily lives. Michelle told me that she always uses her cloth bag when she goes shopping, rather than using plastic bags. She said this small habit can greatly reduce white pollution;Jack shared that he often walks or rides a bike instead of taking a taxi. He believes choosing low-carbon transportation is an effective way to cut down carbon emissions and keep healthy at the same time;Sally suggested that we shouldn’t print out documents unless really necessary. She explained that saving paper means protecting more trees from being cut down, which is crucial for fighting against climate change;Joe advised us to share books with others. He thought sharing books can not only save resources but also help us connect with friends and spread knowledge. In conclusion, all my group members are taking active steps to live a greener life. We also agree that we can do more, like sorting rubbish and saving water, to make our planet a better place. 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $