Unit 4 Period 2 Learning About Language（分层作业）英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit 4 Period 2 Learning About Language分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 思维进阶 04 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.____________ 对某人残忍 2.____________ 对…… 进行全面调查 3.____________ 只要 4.____________ 大扫除 5.____________ 对…… 了解透彻 6.____________ 发大财 7.____________ 在某人的指导下 8.____________ 指导某人做某事 9.____________ 登广告招聘某人做某事 10.____________ 出于嫉妒 11.____________ 提前 12.____________ 代替；而不是 13.____________ 集中精力于 14.____________ 取得进步 15.____________ 下定决心 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1．Before handing in your essay, please have a __________ (深入的；彻底的；细致的) check to avoid spelling and grammar mistakes. 2．It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers _______ (一直在上升) for some time. 3．_________ (不幸地), her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and 1940s. 4．The vocabulary and grammar of the plot need to be adjusted, and we also need your ________ (指导) on the performance. 5．She has passed all her exams and is a ______________ (有职业资格的) accountant now. 6．Never have I seen the ______ (残忍的) side of his character. 7．If you put on _________ (潮湿的) clothes in such weather, you will probably catch a cold. 8．In the short film, you can learn that my school has been ________ (奋斗) for a better future. 9．We thought of selling this old _________ (家具), but we’ve decided to hold on to it. It might be valuable. 10．The teacher has been ________ (敦促) the students to go to great lengths to prepare for the upcoming English contest. 三、单句语法填空。 1．Today’s teenagers welcome parental (guide) about important matters such as career choice — though certainly not Mom and Dad’s advice on matters of personal taste, such as music or fashion. 2．As is (advertise), there will be all sorts of paper-cutting at the exhibition. 3．Amsterdam is a good city for cycling and people here (enjoy) the benefits of cycling for years. 4．Little Jimmy is dirty all over because he (play) in the mud all the morning. 5．They (search) the area for three days and two nights, but (find) anybody. 6．It is the third time that you (come) to our school. 7．Dozens of doctors and nurses (work) day and night for weeks since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus. 8．Your foot will feel better after the (apply) of this ointment. 9． smokes here will be punished. 10．I’ve arranged for Mary (meet) you at the airport. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1．Some criticized her achievements _____________ (出于嫉妒), not recognizing her hard work. 2．Exhausted from the day’s activities, he quickly fell asleep, _________ __________ (梦想着) coming adventures. （根据汉语提示完成句子） 3．As well as studying hard, I’ve been ________ ________ (参加) social activities. 4．We __________ (将向……申请) the authorities for assistance. 5．My sister __________ (一直在寻找) a job for three months, and this is her formal interview. 6．You have to learn to take down the key points __________ (即使) you don’t take them in. 7．Only in this way can we __________ (更好地将理论应用于实践). 8．Organized games can teach us how to __________ (团队合作) and get along with others. 五、语法填空 （2022·全国甲卷·高考真题）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 1 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 2 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 3 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 4 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 5 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 6 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. In the last five years. Cao 7 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 8 (high) mountain. Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers 9 Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 10 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 六、阅读理解 （2026·湖北宜昌·二模）Have you ever faced a task that felt almost impossible — a crucial examination, a public presentation, or a complex project? This experience is nearly universal. Psychologist Carol Gilligan once offered a profound insight: “Where there is resistance, there is obstacle; where there is acceptance, the obstacle vanishes (消失).” At first glance, this may sound contradictory. How can merely accepting a difficulty make it fade away? A closer look at the psychology of resistance and acceptance reveals a practical wisdom we can use. Resistance, in psychological terms, is an emotional and cognitive (认知) push against reality. When we resist a challenge — for instance, fearing mathematics and avoiding practice — we increase its perceived threat. The mind enters a state of conflict, devoting energy to anxiety and avoidance rather than to problem-solving. Research shows that such resistance activates stress responses, which can weaken cognitive function and strengthen a cycle of worry. Acceptance, in contrast, is an active, clear-eyed engagement with reality. It involves acknowledging the presence of the challenge without judgment, thus disarming the emotional ups and downs that accompanies resistance. By accepting that a task is difficult yet manageable, we redirect mental energy from worrying to planning and action. For example, accepting mathematics as a learnable skill allows one to approach it gradually, transforming a fear into a series of solvable problems. The obstacle begins to vanish because we cease to fuel it with negative emotion. This principle extends beyond academics. An athlete who accepts pre-competition nerves can channel that energy into focus. A learner who accepts unavoidable mistakes quickens improvement. The shift from resistance to acceptance is essentially a shift from emotional reaction to cognitive regulation — a skill that can be developed through mindfulness and strategic planning. So, keep Gilligan’s words in mind next time you face a challenge. By practicing acceptance — breathing through discomfort, making a plan, and proceeding with deliberate action — we not only make the obstacle seem smaller but also empower ourselves to overcome it. In the landscape of personal growth, acceptance may well be the most practical virtue of all. 1．How does resistance worsen our view of a challenge? A．It fills us with anxiety. B．It makes us ignore difficulty. C．It shuts down stress responses. D．It discourages us from reflecting. 2．How does acceptance differ from resistance? A．It increases stress response. B．It maximizes emotional instability. C．It shifts resources into useful activities. D．It first underestimates the challenge. 3．Why does the author mention “an athlete” in Paragraph 4? A．To prove competition is tough. B．To show tension can be useful. C．To stress winning requires focus. D．To describe pressures athletes face. 4．What does the author view acceptance as? A．A way to avoid problems. B．A method useful in school. C．A practical skill for growth. D．A passive response to difficulty. 七、七选五 （2026·河南郑州·模拟预测）In life, just like in chess, every move matters. A single decision can trigger (引发) a chain reaction, leading you closer to success or trapping you in setbacks. Grand masters spend years mastering the complexities of chess. 5 Adopting a grand master’s approaches can transform the way you address daily challenges. •Think ahead: Always plan your next move Chess grand masters never make a move without considering the consequences. 6 Meanwhile, they plan several moves ahead. In life, short-term thinking often leads to regret, while long-term thinking contributes to success. Strategic thinkers don’t just react to situations. They anticipate and prepare. •Control the center: Concentrate on what matters most In chess, controlling the center of the board gives you more influence and flexibility. In life, focusing on the most important areas gives you control over your future. Specifically, pay attention to high-impact tasks rather than being busy with meaningless activities. 7 •Learn from every move: Reflect on success or failure Every chess game, win or lose, teaches a lesson. 8 In life, too many people are buried in thinking of failure instead of learning and adapting. Each experience is a lesson in making better future decisions. Therefore, seeing every setback as feedback, not failure is top priority. Winners don’t just move on. They move forward with greater wisdom. Thinking like a chess grand master isn’t about being overly cautious — it’s about being smart, strategic and intentional in your choices. 9 So the next time you face a tough decision, wait and ask yourself like a chess grand master: What’s my next move? A．They predict how their opponents will react. B．Playing chess never goes exactly as planned. C．Every decision, big or small, shapes your future. D．Grand masters analyze their mistakes to improve. E．Winning in life depends on where you place your focus. F．Chess players often sacrifice a piece to gain a winning position. G．The core principles they use can be applied to everyday decisions. 八、完形填空 At only 9 years old, Lesia Cartelli was badly burned in a gas explosion at her grandpa’s house. In fact, the burns were so 1 that her own grandfather didn’t recognize her. But now, this brave woman uses her miserable past to help other burn 2 find healing. Lesia and her cousin were playing in their grandpa’s basement on that 3 day. A gas leak started to burn, causing the whole house to 4 . The explosion threw many of the 9 family members in the home across the street. Lesia pulled herself out of the house. Flames still covered her little body so she 5 in the dirt and snow to put them out. Lesia 6 several months in the hospital, undergoing operations and skin grafts(移植). Once released, Lesia’s scars drew 7 and questions from people, so she started isolating herself. “When I was burned, everything in my life changed,” she said. “My friendships changed. I hated going to school. You are 8 things you never had to before.” Lesia could have remained 9 in her whole life, because when bad things happen, we can 10 choose to escape or to treat it as a chance to 11 . Lesia chose the latter, realizing she was put on this Earth to do more than just survive. “My life got 12 when I started to look on my life as a gift,” Lesia said. Lesia 13 Angel Faces, a national nonprofit organization offering support to girls ranging in age from 11 to 19 to help them heal 14 . Lesia’s Angel Faces allowed the girls to bond with fellow burn victims, helping them get rid of the feelings of 15 loneliness. 1．A．severe B．fatal C．mild D．sharp 2．A．clerks B．majorities C．victims D．families 3．A．shallow B．terrible C．brief D．passive 4．A．set off B．burn out C．burst out D．blow up 5．A．rolled B．settled C．fainted D．assisted 6．A．cost B．spent C．took D．left 7．A．desires B．scares C．whispers D．stares 8．A．carrying on B．taking up C．dealing with D．struggling for 9．A．precious B．confident C．true D．withdrawn 10．A．always B．almost C．even D．never 11．A．seek B．judge C．grow D．expand 12．A．worse B．better C．fitter D．less 13．A．launched B．hired C．appointed D．elected 14．A．independently B．physically C．emotionally D．surprisingly 15．A．remote B．straight C．super D．strong 学校正在举办“心理健康周”（Mental Health Week），你受邀在晨会上做一次英文演讲，主题为“Acceptance: The First Step to Overcoming Challenges”。请你根据以下内容要点，写一篇 100–120 词 的演讲稿。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Period 2 Learning About Language分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 思维进阶 04 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.be cruel to sb. 2.carry out/conduct/do a thorough investigation into... 3.as long as 4.a thorough cleaning 5.have a thorough knowledge of 6.make a fortune 7.under one's guidance / under the guidance of sb. 8.guide sb. in doing sth. 9.advertise for sb. to do sth. 10.out of envy 11.ahead of schedule 12.instead of 13.concentrate one's mind on 14.make progress 15.make up one's resolve 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1．thorough 2．have been rising 3．Unfortunately 4．guidance 5．qualified 6．cruel/ruel 7．damp 8．struggling 9．furniture 10．urging 三、单句语法填空。 1．guidance 2．advertised 3．have been enjoying 4．has been playing 5．have been searching haven’t found 6．have come 7．have been working 8．application 9．Whoever 10．to meet 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1．out of envy 2．dreaming of 3．participating in 4．will apply to 5．has been looking for 6．even though/even if 7．better apply theory to practice 8．work as a team 五、语法填空 1．to journey 2．who 3．held 4．A 5．protection 6．meaningful 7．has walked 8．highest 9．from 10．planning 六、阅读理解 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章从心理学角度解释了论述面对挑战时，抗拒和接纳带来的不同结果。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When we resist a challenge — for instance, fearing mathematics and avoiding practice — we increase its perceived threat. The mind enters a state of conflict, devoting energy to anxiety and avoidance rather than to problem-solving.(当我们抗拒一个挑战——比如害怕数学并逃避练习——我们会增加其被感知到的威胁程度。大脑会进入一种冲突状态，将精力投入到焦虑和逃避上，而非用于解决问题)”可知，抗拒挑战时，大脑陷入冲突，会把精力消耗在焦虑和逃避上，而非解决问题，还会放大挑战的威胁感，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“By accepting that a task is difficult yet manageable, we redirect mental energy from worrying to planning and action.(通过接受一项任务虽困难但可掌控的事实，我们将精神力量从担忧转移到规划和行动上)”可知，接纳会把精力资源转移到有用的活动中，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“This principle extends beyond academics. An athlete who accepts pre-competition nerves can channel that energy into focus.(这一原则不仅适用于学术领域，还适用于其他方面。一位接受赛前紧张情绪的运动员能够将这种能量转化为专注力)”可知，本段开头提出“接纳的原则不仅适用于学术”，随后举运动员的例子：运动员接纳赛前紧张，就能把紧张的能量转化为专注力，说明紧张（负面情绪）在接纳后可以变得有用，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“By practicing acceptance — breathing through discomfort, making a plan, and proceeding with deliberate action — we not only make the obstacle seem smaller but also empower ourselves to overcome it. In the landscape of personal growth, acceptance may well be the most practical virtue of all.(通过练习接纳——在不适中深呼吸、制定计划并采取有条不紊的行动——我们不仅会让障碍看起来更小，还能增强自己克服它的能力。在个人成长的历程中，接纳或许是最具实际意义的品质)”可知，在个人成长中，接纳是非常实用的品质，它能帮助我们克服障碍，是可培养的能力，故选C。 七、七选五 5．G 6．A 7．E 8．D 9．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以国际象棋大师的策略为喻，提出了在生活中应对挑战的三种思维方式：提前规划、聚焦要事、从成败中学习。 5．上文“Grand masters spend years mastering the complexities of chess.(国际象棋大师花费数年时间掌握棋局的复杂性)”指出大师们精通棋艺，G选项“The core principles they use can be applied to everyday decisions.(他们使用的核心原则可以应用于日常决策)”承接上文，说明大师们的原则对日常生活有借鉴意义；下文“Adopting a grand master’s approaches can transform the way you address daily challenges.(采用大师的方法可以改变你应对日常挑战的方式)”进一步阐释应用这些原则的效果，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。 6．上文“Chess grand masters never make a move without considering the consequences.(国际象棋大师从不会在不考虑后果的情况下走出一步棋)”指出大师们行动前会思考后果，A选项“They predict how their opponents will react.(他们预测对手会如何反应)”承接上文，具体说明大师们考虑的内容之一——预测对手反应；下文“Meanwhile, they plan several moves ahead.(同时，他们会提前规划好几步棋)”进一步说明大师们还会提前规划，与A选项并列描述大师的思考方式，上下文逻辑一致。故选A项。 7．上文“Specifically, pay attention to high-impact tasks rather than being busy with meaningless activities.(具体来说，关注高影响力的任务，而不是忙于无意义的活动)”建议将注意力放在重要的事情上，E选项“Winning in life depends on where you place your focus.(人生的成败取决于你把注意力放在哪里)”承接上文，总结说明聚焦的重要性——它决定了人生的成败，与段落主题“Control the center: Concentrate on what matters most (控制中心：专注于最重要的事情)”相呼应，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 8．上文“Every chess game, win or lose, teaches a lesson.(每一盘棋，无论输赢，都教会人一个道理)”指出棋局中蕴含可学习的经验，D选项“Grand masters analyze their mistakes to improve.(大师们分析自己的错误以求进步)”承接上文，具体说明大师们如何从棋局中学习——分析错误；下文“In life, too many people are buried in thinking of failure instead of learning and adapting.(在生活中，太多人沉溺于思考失败，而不是学习和适应)”通过对比指出生活中人们常犯的错误，与D选项形成正反对比，上下文逻辑一致。故选D项。 9．上文“Thinking like a chess grand master isn’t about being overly cautious — it’s about being smart, strategic and intentional in your choices.(像国际象棋大师一样思考不是过度谨慎——而是让你的选择变得聪明、有策略且有意为之)”解释了大师思维的本质，C选项“Every decision, big or small, shapes your future.(每一个决定，无论大小，都塑造着你的未来)”承接上文，进一步强调每个决策的重要性——它们共同影响未来；下文“So the next time you face a tough decision, wait and ask yourself like a chess grand master: What’s my next move?(所以下次你面临艰难决定时，停下来像国际象棋大师一样问自己：我的下一步是什么？)”呼应C选项，号召读者认真对待每个决策，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。 八、完形填空 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了Lesia 9岁时因为意外身体大面积烧伤,她在经历了一段时间的伤痛和自闭后,决定走出逆境。她创建了一个非营利性组织,向11至19岁的被烧伤的女孩们提供支持,帮助她们走出孤独的心境。 【详解】1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，她的烧伤非常严重，以至于她的祖父都认不出她了。A.severe严重的；B. fatal致命的；C.mild温和的；D.  sharp锋利的,急剧的。根据“ her own grandfather didn’t recognize her. ”可知，她的爷爷认不出她，说明她的烧伤特别严重。故选A项。 2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是现在，这个勇敢的女人用她悲惨的过去帮助其他烧伤患者找到治疗方法。A. clerks职员；B. majorities大多数人；C. victims受害者,罹难者；D. families家庭。根据最后一段“fellow burn victims”可知,这里指Lesia用她痛苦的经历帮助其他烧伤受害者找到疗伤的方法。故选C。 3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那可怕的一天，Lesia和她的堂兄正在爷爷家的地下室玩。A. shallow浅的,浅显的；B. terrible可怕的；C. brief简洁的；D. passive被动的,消极的。下文提到天然气泄漏,房子爆炸,Lesia严重烧伤,可以看出,那是可怕的一天。故选B。 4.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：天然气泄漏起火,导致整栋房子爆炸。A. set off出发,引爆；B. burn out烧尽,熄灭；C. burst out突然开始；D. blow up爆炸。从后文explosion一词可以看出房子爆炸了。故选D。 5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：火焰仍然包裹着她小小的身躯,所以她在泥土和雪地里翻滚,以扑灭火焰。 A. roll 翻滚,滚动；B. settle定居,解决；C. faint昏厥；D. assist帮助。根据“in the dirt and snow to put them out.”可知，为了扑灭火焰，她在泥土和雪里翻滚。故选A。 6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lesia在医院住了几个月，接受手术和皮肤移植A. cost花费(金钱)；B. spend度过；C.take拿走；取走；D. leave离开。此处指Lesia在医院度过了几个月。故选B。 7.考查名词词义辨析。句意：出院后,Lesia的伤疤吸引了人们的目光和疑问，所以她开始封闭自己。A. desires愿望，欲望；B. scares恐慌,恐惧；C. whispers 耳语,低语；D. stares盯,凝视,注视。伤疤自然是吸引人们的目光。故选D。 8.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：你在处理你以前从未做过的事情。A. carrying on继续；B. taking up占,从事；C. dealing with处理；D. struggling for争取。根据前文Lesia被烧伤,伤疤吸引了人们异样的目光和疑问,而且她生活中的一切都改变了,可以推断,现在她需要解决许多以前不需要解决的事情,故选C。 9.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lesia本可以在她的整个人生中一直沉默寡言,因为糟糕的事情发生的时候,我们总是可以选择逃避或者把它视作成长的机会。A. precious珍贵的；B. confident自信的；C. true真的；D. withdrawn沉默寡言的。根据前文she started isolating herself可以看出Lesia烧伤后性格变得孤僻、沉默。故选D。 10.考查副词词义辨析。句意同上一题。A. always 总是；B. almost 几乎,差不多；C. even 甚至；D. never从未。根据choose to escape or to treat it as a chance可知，我们往往会选择逃避面对糟糕的事情。故选A。 11.考查动词词义辨析。句意：糟糕的事情发生的时候,我们总是可以选择逃避或者把它视作成长的机会。A. seek寻找；B.judge判断,评判；C.grow成长；D.expand扩大,膨胀。句中or“或者”表明设空处应该与escape意思相反,且由下文Lesia创办非营利性组织帮助烧伤的女孩也可判断出此处说的是成长的机会。故选C。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当“我”把生命视作礼物的时候,“我”的生活变得更美好了。A. worse 更糟糕的；B. better更好的；C. fitter更健康的；D. less更少的。Lesia 对待生活中的磨难的态度发生了转变,所以她的生活变得更好了，故选B。 13.考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lesia发起Angel Faces，一个全国性的非营利性组织,为11至19岁烧伤的女孩们提供支持,帮助她们从情感上得到治愈。A. launched发起；B. hired雇用；C. appointed任命；D. elected选举。根据“Angel Faces, a national nonprofit organization offering support”这是她发起的一个组织。故选A。 14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上一题。A. independently独立地；B. physically身体上；C. emotionally情感上；D. surprisingly令人吃惊地,出人意料地。同时根据下文helping them get rid of the feelings of 15 loneliness可以看出，Lesia发起的组织主要是在情感上帮助女孩们,故选C。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lesia的Angel Faces让女孩们与其他烧伤受害者建立联系，帮助她们摆脱强烈的孤独感。A. remote遥远的,偏僻的；B. straight笔直的，直率的；C. super 极好的，超级的；D. strong强烈的。根据“Lesia’s Angel Faces allowed the girls to bond with fellow burn victims, helping them get rid of the feelings of ”可知，帮助被烧伤的女孩们摆脱强烈的孤独感。故选D。 Good morning, everyone! When facing a difficult exam or a speech, many of us feel like turning down the challenge. We sink into fear and try to avoid it. But resistance only makes things worse. Acceptance is different. It means facing up to adversity bravely. Once we accept that a task is hard but possible, we can concentrate our mind on planning instead of worrying. Take my friend Li Hua: he used to fear math. Under the guidance of his teacher, he accepted his weaknesses and started practicing daily. Now he has made great progress. So next time you meet a challenge, don‘t run. Accept it, keep your spirits up, and you’ll find the obstacle begins to disappear. Thank you! 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Period 2 Learning About Language分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 思维进阶 04 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.____________ 对某人残忍 2.____________ 对…… 进行全面调查 3.____________ 只要 4.____________ 大扫除 5.____________ 对…… 了解透彻 6.____________ 发大财 7.____________ 在某人的指导下 8.____________ 指导某人做某事 9.____________ 登广告招聘某人做某事 10.____________ 出于嫉妒 11.____________ 提前 12.____________ 代替；而不是 13.____________ 集中精力于 14.____________ 取得进步 15.____________ 下定决心 【答案】 1.be cruel to sb. 2.carry out/conduct/do a thorough investigation into... 3.as long as 4.a thorough cleaning 5.have a thorough knowledge of 6.make a fortune 7.under one's guidance / under the guidance of sb. 8.guide sb. in doing sth. 9.advertise for sb. to do sth. 10.out of envy 11.ahead of schedule 12.instead of 13.concentrate one's mind on 14.make progress 15.make up one's resolve 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1．Before handing in your essay, please have a __________ (深入的；彻底的；细致的) check to avoid spelling and grammar mistakes. 2．It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers _______ (一直在上升) for some time. 3．_________ (不幸地), her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and 1940s. 4．The vocabulary and grammar of the plot need to be adjusted, and we also need your ________ (指导) on the performance. 5．She has passed all her exams and is a ______________ (有职业资格的) accountant now. 6．Never have I seen the ______ (残忍的) side of his character. 7．If you put on _________ (潮湿的) clothes in such weather, you will probably catch a cold. 8．In the short film, you can learn that my school has been ________ (奋斗) for a better future. 9．We thought of selling this old _________ (家具), but we’ve decided to hold on to it. It might be valuable. 10．The teacher has been ________ (敦促) the students to go to great lengths to prepare for the upcoming English contest. 【答案】 1．thorough 2．have been rising 3．Unfortunately 4．guidance 5．qualified 6．cruel/ruel 7．damp 8．struggling 9．furniture 10．urging 三、单句语法填空。 1．Today’s teenagers welcome parental (guide) about important matters such as career choice — though certainly not Mom and Dad’s advice on matters of personal taste, such as music or fashion. 2．As is (advertise), there will be all sorts of paper-cutting at the exhibition. 3．Amsterdam is a good city for cycling and people here (enjoy) the benefits of cycling for years. 4．Little Jimmy is dirty all over because he (play) in the mud all the morning. 5．They (search) the area for three days and two nights, but (find) anybody. 6．It is the third time that you (come) to our school. 7．Dozens of doctors and nurses (work) day and night for weeks since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus. 8．Your foot will feel better after the (apply) of this ointment. 9． smokes here will be punished. 10．I’ve arranged for Mary (meet) you at the airport. 【答案】 1．guidance 2．advertised 3．have been enjoying 4．has been playing 5．have been searching haven’t found 6．have come 7．have been working 8．application 9．Whoever 10．to meet 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1．Some criticized her achievements _____________ (出于嫉妒), not recognizing her hard work. 2．Exhausted from the day’s activities, he quickly fell asleep, _________ __________ (梦想着) coming adventures. （根据汉语提示完成句子） 3．As well as studying hard, I’ve been ________ ________ (参加) social activities. 4．We __________ (将向……申请) the authorities for assistance. 5．My sister __________ (一直在寻找) a job for three months, and this is her formal interview. 6．You have to learn to take down the key points __________ (即使) you don’t take them in. 7．Only in this way can we __________ (更好地将理论应用于实践). 8．Organized games can teach us how to __________ (团队合作) and get along with others. 【答案】 1．out of envy 2．dreaming of 3．participating in 4．will apply to 5．has been looking for 6．even though/even if 7．better apply theory to practice 8．work as a team 五、语法填空 （2022·全国甲卷·高考真题）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 1 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 2 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 3 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 4 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 5 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 6 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. In the last five years. Cao 7 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 8 (high) mountain. Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers 9 Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 10 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 【答案】 1．to journey 2．who 3．held 4．A 5．protection 6．meaningful 7．has walked 8．highest 9．from 10．planning 六、阅读理解 （2026·湖北宜昌·二模）Have you ever faced a task that felt almost impossible — a crucial examination, a public presentation, or a complex project? This experience is nearly universal. Psychologist Carol Gilligan once offered a profound insight: “Where there is resistance, there is obstacle; where there is acceptance, the obstacle vanishes (消失).” At first glance, this may sound contradictory. How can merely accepting a difficulty make it fade away? A closer look at the psychology of resistance and acceptance reveals a practical wisdom we can use. Resistance, in psychological terms, is an emotional and cognitive (认知) push against reality. When we resist a challenge — for instance, fearing mathematics and avoiding practice — we increase its perceived threat. The mind enters a state of conflict, devoting energy to anxiety and avoidance rather than to problem-solving. Research shows that such resistance activates stress responses, which can weaken cognitive function and strengthen a cycle of worry. Acceptance, in contrast, is an active, clear-eyed engagement with reality. It involves acknowledging the presence of the challenge without judgment, thus disarming the emotional ups and downs that accompanies resistance. By accepting that a task is difficult yet manageable, we redirect mental energy from worrying to planning and action. For example, accepting mathematics as a learnable skill allows one to approach it gradually, transforming a fear into a series of solvable problems. The obstacle begins to vanish because we cease to fuel it with negative emotion. This principle extends beyond academics. An athlete who accepts pre-competition nerves can channel that energy into focus. A learner who accepts unavoidable mistakes quickens improvement. The shift from resistance to acceptance is essentially a shift from emotional reaction to cognitive regulation — a skill that can be developed through mindfulness and strategic planning. So, keep Gilligan’s words in mind next time you face a challenge. By practicing acceptance — breathing through discomfort, making a plan, and proceeding with deliberate action — we not only make the obstacle seem smaller but also empower ourselves to overcome it. In the landscape of personal growth, acceptance may well be the most practical virtue of all. 1．How does resistance worsen our view of a challenge? A．It fills us with anxiety. B．It makes us ignore difficulty. C．It shuts down stress responses. D．It discourages us from reflecting. 2．How does acceptance differ from resistance? A．It increases stress response. B．It maximizes emotional instability. C．It shifts resources into useful activities. D．It first underestimates the challenge. 3．Why does the author mention “an athlete” in Paragraph 4? A．To prove competition is tough. B．To show tension can be useful. C．To stress winning requires focus. D．To describe pressures athletes face. 4．What does the author view acceptance as? A．A way to avoid problems. B．A method useful in school. C．A practical skill for growth. D．A passive response to difficulty. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章从心理学角度解释了论述面对挑战时，抗拒和接纳带来的不同结果。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When we resist a challenge — for instance, fearing mathematics and avoiding practice — we increase its perceived threat. The mind enters a state of conflict, devoting energy to anxiety and avoidance rather than to problem-solving.(当我们抗拒一个挑战——比如害怕数学并逃避练习——我们会增加其被感知到的威胁程度。大脑会进入一种冲突状态，将精力投入到焦虑和逃避上，而非用于解决问题)”可知，抗拒挑战时，大脑陷入冲突，会把精力消耗在焦虑和逃避上，而非解决问题，还会放大挑战的威胁感，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“By accepting that a task is difficult yet manageable, we redirect mental energy from worrying to planning and action.(通过接受一项任务虽困难但可掌控的事实，我们将精神力量从担忧转移到规划和行动上)”可知，接纳会把精力资源转移到有用的活动中，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“This principle extends beyond academics. An athlete who accepts pre-competition nerves can channel that energy into focus.(这一原则不仅适用于学术领域，还适用于其他方面。一位接受赛前紧张情绪的运动员能够将这种能量转化为专注力)”可知，本段开头提出“接纳的原则不仅适用于学术”，随后举运动员的例子：运动员接纳赛前紧张，就能把紧张的能量转化为专注力，说明紧张（负面情绪）在接纳后可以变得有用，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“By practicing acceptance — breathing through discomfort, making a plan, and proceeding with deliberate action — we not only make the obstacle seem smaller but also empower ourselves to overcome it. In the landscape of personal growth, acceptance may well be the most practical virtue of all.(通过练习接纳——在不适中深呼吸、制定计划并采取有条不紊的行动——我们不仅会让障碍看起来更小，还能增强自己克服它的能力。在个人成长的历程中，接纳或许是最具实际意义的品质)”可知，在个人成长中，接纳是非常实用的品质，它能帮助我们克服障碍，是可培养的能力，故选C。 七、七选五 （2026·河南郑州·模拟预测）In life, just like in chess, every move matters. A single decision can trigger (引发) a chain reaction, leading you closer to success or trapping you in setbacks. Grand masters spend years mastering the complexities of chess. 5 Adopting a grand master’s approaches can transform the way you address daily challenges. •Think ahead: Always plan your next move Chess grand masters never make a move without considering the consequences. 6 Meanwhile, they plan several moves ahead. In life, short-term thinking often leads to regret, while long-term thinking contributes to success. Strategic thinkers don’t just react to situations. They anticipate and prepare. •Control the center: Concentrate on what matters most In chess, controlling the center of the board gives you more influence and flexibility. In life, focusing on the most important areas gives you control over your future. Specifically, pay attention to high-impact tasks rather than being busy with meaningless activities. 7 •Learn from every move: Reflect on success or failure Every chess game, win or lose, teaches a lesson. 8 In life, too many people are buried in thinking of failure instead of learning and adapting. Each experience is a lesson in making better future decisions. Therefore, seeing every setback as feedback, not failure is top priority. Winners don’t just move on. They move forward with greater wisdom. Thinking like a chess grand master isn’t about being overly cautious — it’s about being smart, strategic and intentional in your choices. 9 So the next time you face a tough decision, wait and ask yourself like a chess grand master: What’s my next move? A．They predict how their opponents will react. B．Playing chess never goes exactly as planned. C．Every decision, big or small, shapes your future. D．Grand masters analyze their mistakes to improve. E．Winning in life depends on where you place your focus. F．Chess players often sacrifice a piece to gain a winning position. G．The core principles they use can be applied to everyday decisions. 【答案】5．G 6．A 7．E 8．D 9．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以国际象棋大师的策略为喻，提出了在生活中应对挑战的三种思维方式：提前规划、聚焦要事、从成败中学习。 5．上文“Grand masters spend years mastering the complexities of chess.(国际象棋大师花费数年时间掌握棋局的复杂性)”指出大师们精通棋艺，G选项“The core principles they use can be applied to everyday decisions.(他们使用的核心原则可以应用于日常决策)”承接上文，说明大师们的原则对日常生活有借鉴意义；下文“Adopting a grand master’s approaches can transform the way you address daily challenges.(采用大师的方法可以改变你应对日常挑战的方式)”进一步阐释应用这些原则的效果，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。 6．上文“Chess grand masters never make a move without considering the consequences.(国际象棋大师从不会在不考虑后果的情况下走出一步棋)”指出大师们行动前会思考后果，A选项“They predict how their opponents will react.(他们预测对手会如何反应)”承接上文，具体说明大师们考虑的内容之一——预测对手反应；下文“Meanwhile, they plan several moves ahead.(同时，他们会提前规划好几步棋)”进一步说明大师们还会提前规划，与A选项并列描述大师的思考方式，上下文逻辑一致。故选A项。 7．上文“Specifically, pay attention to high-impact tasks rather than being busy with meaningless activities.(具体来说，关注高影响力的任务，而不是忙于无意义的活动)”建议将注意力放在重要的事情上，E选项“Winning in life depends on where you place your focus.(人生的成败取决于你把注意力放在哪里)”承接上文，总结说明聚焦的重要性——它决定了人生的成败，与段落主题“Control the center: Concentrate on what matters most (控制中心：专注于最重要的事情)”相呼应，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 8．上文“Every chess game, win or lose, teaches a lesson.(每一盘棋，无论输赢，都教会人一个道理)”指出棋局中蕴含可学习的经验，D选项“Grand masters analyze their mistakes to improve.(大师们分析自己的错误以求进步)”承接上文，具体说明大师们如何从棋局中学习——分析错误；下文“In life, too many people are buried in thinking of failure instead of learning and adapting.(在生活中，太多人沉溺于思考失败，而不是学习和适应)”通过对比指出生活中人们常犯的错误，与D选项形成正反对比，上下文逻辑一致。故选D项。 9．上文“Thinking like a chess grand master isn’t about being overly cautious — it’s about being smart, strategic and intentional in your choices.(像国际象棋大师一样思考不是过度谨慎——而是让你的选择变得聪明、有策略且有意为之)”解释了大师思维的本质，C选项“Every decision, big or small, shapes your future.(每一个决定，无论大小，都塑造着你的未来)”承接上文，进一步强调每个决策的重要性——它们共同影响未来；下文“So the next time you face a tough decision, wait and ask yourself like a chess grand master: What’s my next move?(所以下次你面临艰难决定时，停下来像国际象棋大师一样问自己：我的下一步是什么？)”呼应C选项，号召读者认真对待每个决策，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。 八、完形填空 At only 9 years old, Lesia Cartelli was badly burned in a gas explosion at her grandpa’s house. In fact, the burns were so 1 that her own grandfather didn’t recognize her. But now, this brave woman uses her miserable past to help other burn 2 find healing. Lesia and her cousin were playing in their grandpa’s basement on that 3 day. A gas leak started to burn, causing the whole house to 4 . The explosion threw many of the 9 family members in the home across the street. Lesia pulled herself out of the house. Flames still covered her little body so she 5 in the dirt and snow to put them out. Lesia 6 several months in the hospital, undergoing operations and skin grafts(移植). Once released, Lesia’s scars drew 7 and questions from people, so she started isolating herself. “When I was burned, everything in my life changed,” she said. “My friendships changed. I hated going to school. You are 8 things you never had to before.” Lesia could have remained 9 in her whole life, because when bad things happen, we can 10 choose to escape or to treat it as a chance to 11 . Lesia chose the latter, realizing she was put on this Earth to do more than just survive. “My life got 12 when I started to look on my life as a gift,” Lesia said. Lesia 13 Angel Faces, a national nonprofit organization offering support to girls ranging in age from 11 to 19 to help them heal 14 . Lesia’s Angel Faces allowed the girls to bond with fellow burn victims, helping them get rid of the feelings of 15 loneliness. 1．A．severe B．fatal C．mild D．sharp 2．A．clerks B．majorities C．victims D．families 3．A．shallow B．terrible C．brief D．passive 4．A．set off B．burn out C．burst out D．blow up 5．A．rolled B．settled C．fainted D．assisted 6．A．cost B．spent C．took D．left 7．A．desires B．scares C．whispers D．stares 8．A．carrying on B．taking up C．dealing with D．struggling for 9．A．precious B．confident C．true D．withdrawn 10．A．always B．almost C．even D．never 11．A．seek B．judge C．grow D．expand 12．A．worse B．better C．fitter D．less 13．A．launched B．hired C．appointed D．elected 14．A．independently B．physically C．emotionally D．surprisingly 15．A．remote B．straight C．super D．strong 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了Lesia 9岁时因为意外身体大面积烧伤,她在经历了一段时间的伤痛和自闭后,决定走出逆境。她创建了一个非营利性组织,向11至19岁的被烧伤的女孩们提供支持,帮助她们走出孤独的心境。 【详解】1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，她的烧伤非常严重，以至于她的祖父都认不出她了。A.severe严重的；B. fatal致命的；C.mild温和的；D.  sharp锋利的,急剧的。根据“ her own grandfather didn’t recognize her. ”可知，她的爷爷认不出她，说明她的烧伤特别严重。故选A项。 2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是现在，这个勇敢的女人用她悲惨的过去帮助其他烧伤患者找到治疗方法。A. clerks职员；B. majorities大多数人；C. victims受害者,罹难者；D. families家庭。根据最后一段“fellow burn victims”可知,这里指Lesia用她痛苦的经历帮助其他烧伤受害者找到疗伤的方法。故选C。 3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那可怕的一天，Lesia和她的堂兄正在爷爷家的地下室玩。A. shallow浅的,浅显的；B. terrible可怕的；C. brief简洁的；D. passive被动的,消极的。下文提到天然气泄漏,房子爆炸,Lesia严重烧伤,可以看出,那是可怕的一天。故选B。 4.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：天然气泄漏起火,导致整栋房子爆炸。A. set off出发,引爆；B. burn out烧尽,熄灭；C. burst out突然开始；D. blow up爆炸。从后文explosion一词可以看出房子爆炸了。故选D。 5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：火焰仍然包裹着她小小的身躯,所以她在泥土和雪地里翻滚,以扑灭火焰。 A. roll 翻滚,滚动；B. settle定居,解决；C. faint昏厥；D. assist帮助。根据“in the dirt and snow to put them out.”可知，为了扑灭火焰，她在泥土和雪里翻滚。故选A。 6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lesia在医院住了几个月，接受手术和皮肤移植A. cost花费(金钱)；B. spend度过；C.take拿走；取走；D. leave离开。此处指Lesia在医院度过了几个月。故选B。 7.考查名词词义辨析。句意：出院后,Lesia的伤疤吸引了人们的目光和疑问，所以她开始封闭自己。A. desires愿望，欲望；B. scares恐慌,恐惧；C. whispers 耳语,低语；D. stares盯,凝视,注视。伤疤自然是吸引人们的目光。故选D。 8.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：你在处理你以前从未做过的事情。A. carrying on继续；B. taking up占,从事；C. dealing with处理；D. struggling for争取。根据前文Lesia被烧伤,伤疤吸引了人们异样的目光和疑问,而且她生活中的一切都改变了,可以推断,现在她需要解决许多以前不需要解决的事情,故选C。 9.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lesia本可以在她的整个人生中一直沉默寡言,因为糟糕的事情发生的时候,我们总是可以选择逃避或者把它视作成长的机会。A. precious珍贵的；B. confident自信的；C. true真的；D. withdrawn沉默寡言的。根据前文she started isolating herself可以看出Lesia烧伤后性格变得孤僻、沉默。故选D。 10.考查副词词义辨析。句意同上一题。A. always 总是；B. almost 几乎,差不多；C. even 甚至；D. never从未。根据choose to escape or to treat it as a chance可知，我们往往会选择逃避面对糟糕的事情。故选A。 11.考查动词词义辨析。句意：糟糕的事情发生的时候,我们总是可以选择逃避或者把它视作成长的机会。A. seek寻找；B.judge判断,评判；C.grow成长；D.expand扩大,膨胀。句中or“或者”表明设空处应该与escape意思相反,且由下文Lesia创办非营利性组织帮助烧伤的女孩也可判断出此处说的是成长的机会。故选C。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当“我”把生命视作礼物的时候,“我”的生活变得更美好了。A. worse 更糟糕的；B. better更好的；C. fitter更健康的；D. less更少的。Lesia 对待生活中的磨难的态度发生了转变,所以她的生活变得更好了，故选B。 13.考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lesia发起Angel Faces，一个全国性的非营利性组织,为11至19岁烧伤的女孩们提供支持,帮助她们从情感上得到治愈。A. launched发起；B. hired雇用；C. appointed任命；D. elected选举。根据“Angel Faces, a national nonprofit organization offering support”这是她发起的一个组织。故选A。 14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上一题。A. independently独立地；B. physically身体上；C. emotionally情感上；D. surprisingly令人吃惊地,出人意料地。同时根据下文helping them get rid of the feelings of 15 loneliness可以看出，Lesia发起的组织主要是在情感上帮助女孩们,故选C。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lesia的Angel Faces让女孩们与其他烧伤受害者建立联系，帮助她们摆脱强烈的孤独感。A. remote遥远的,偏僻的；B. straight笔直的，直率的；C. super 极好的，超级的；D. strong强烈的。根据“Lesia’s Angel Faces allowed the girls to bond with fellow burn victims, helping them get rid of the feelings of ”可知，帮助被烧伤的女孩们摆脱强烈的孤独感。故选D。 学校正在举办“心理健康周”（Mental Health Week），你受邀在晨会上做一次英文演讲，主题为“Acceptance: The First Step to Overcoming Challenges”。请你根据以下内容要点，写一篇 100–120 词 的演讲稿。 【参考答案】 Good morning, everyone! When facing a difficult exam or a speech, many of us feel like turning down the challenge. We sink into fear and try to avoid it. But resistance only makes things worse. Acceptance is different. It means facing up to adversity bravely. Once we accept that a task is hard but possible, we can concentrate our mind on planning instead of worrying. Take my friend Li Hua: he used to fear math. Under the guidance of his teacher, he accepted his weaknesses and started practicing daily. Now he has made great progress. So next time you meet a challenge, don‘t run. Accept it, keep your spirits up, and you’ll find the obstacle begins to disappear. Thank you! 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $