期中考复习之阅读理解（说明文&议论文）（浙江专用）-【题型易-考前特训】2025-2026学年八年级下学期英语 期中考 必考题型 仿真模拟（新教材人教版）

考前特训 期中考 阅读理解 仿真模拟 考前特训（浙江专用） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 特 训 范 围 Unit 1 Time to Relax Unit 2 Stay Healthy Unit 3 Growing Up Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature Passage 1 Jonny, a 15-year-old student, is checking his dad’s old jacket. He says, “You’re 45, Dad. You’re never going to wear this again. Can I have it?” Keith has had a bad day at work, and he is feeling old. And Jonny has hit his pain. Keith raises his voice and says, “What? You mean I’m too old to wear the jacket again?” Jonny feels like this has come out of nowhere, and now he feels hurt. “But I only asked. Why are you shouting at me?” “But I don’t like being treated as though I’m too old.” Both of them feel a bit upset. Have you ever had a similar argument with the people around you? Here are some tips for you to remember when you’re getting mad. ·Accept your feelings and consider the other person’s feelings. That means not always making yourself “right” or “clever” and the other person “wrong” or “stupid”. ·Explain yourself and not the other person, so you can speak out your ideas by starting with “I…” but not “You…”. ·Don’t always have to reflect your thoughts before reacting (回应). If you feel angry, I think it’s a good idea to stop a moment and understand why. ·Don’t decide the purpose of the other person by your guesses. Try to work out what he or she is feeling, and admit (承认) it if you were wrong. Don’t forget that it’s never too late to start the ways of communicating. 1. Why did Jonny feel hurt? A．Because his dad hit his pain. B．Because his dad had a busy day. C．Because his dad liked the jacket. D．Because his dad was angry with him. 2. To avoid an argument, how many suggestions does the writer give us? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 3. According to the passage, if you want to express your ideas, you’d better begin like this: “________”. A．You misunderstood me… B．I know how you feel, but… C．They’re different from us… D．Things aren’t the same… 4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Learn to admit your mistakes bravely B．Be patient with the people around you C．An argument between a father and a son D．Good ways of communicating are important Passage 2 Glaciers (冰川) hold about 70% of the Earth’s fresh water. They are large pieces of closely packed ice and snow. Glaciers only form in very cold places. Every year, new snow falls on top of the old snow. The layers (层) of snow press down on each other, and then the snow crystals (晶体) start to change. They get smaller, and air pockets are pushed out of the snow. This allows the crystals to grow longer. Over time, the snow layer at the bottom of all the other snow layers becomes ice. The whole process of making a glacier takes about 100 years. Some ice is packed so closely that it looks blue. The snow on top of a glacier looks white because it reflects all of the light. But the ice layers of the glacier do not have many air pockets. They absorb different parts of light and reflect blue light. Some of the glaciers on the Earth may be very old. Scientists think that a few glaciers have ice that is about 8 million years old. Not all of the glaciers are so old, though. A number of glaciers in Alaska (阿拉斯加) are only about 100 years old. There are different kinds of glaciers. An ice stream is a kind of glacier that forms on another glacier, and it looks like a frozen river. Rock glaciers are made when ice, rock, and other objects get mixed together. 1. The underlined word “absorb” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．cut down B．give out C．make up D．take in 2. Why does the writer talk about Alaska’s glaciers? A．Because some of the glaciers are not very old. B．Because they are the oldest glaciers on the Earth. C．Because the weather in Alaska is very cold. D．Because the rocks in them are valuable. 3. How does the writer support his idea in the last paragraph? A．By asking questions. B．By showing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By telling stories. 4. What is the purpose of this passage? A．To make an introduction about glaciers. B．To describe different kinds of fresh water. C．To point out the importance of glaciers. D．To introduce the influence of cold weather. Passage 3 Rainforests (热带雨林) are some of the most amazing places on earth. They cover only about 6% of the world’s land, but are home to more than half of all living things. These dense forests are full of life, from tiny insects to large animals, and from small plants to tall trees. The rainforest has different layers. The top layer is called the emergent layer, where the tallest trees reach up to 70 metres. Below that is the canopy, a thick layer of leaves and branches that stops most sunlight from reaching the layers below. Next is the understory, with smaller trees and bushes. The bottom layer is the forest floor, where only a little sunlight gets through. Many rainforest animals have special skills to live in their layers. For example, sloths hang from the canopy branches. Their long claws help them stay there, and their slow movement helps them save energy. Toucans have big beaks to reach fruit on thin branches that can’t hold their weight. On the forest floor, jaguars use their spots to hide in the shadows while hunting. Rainforests are important for the whole world. They take in carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and give out oxygen (氧气), which helps keep the air clean. They also help control the world’s weather. But rainforests are in danger. Every year, large areas are cut down for wood or to make space for farms. This destroys the homes of many animals and plants, and may even change the world’s climate. 1. What does the word “dense” mean in the first paragraph? A．Dry. B．Thick with plants. C．Cold. D．Easy to walk through. 2. Why do toucans have big beaks? A．To hang from branches. B．To hide from predators. C．To reach fruit on thin branches. D．To run fast on the forest floor. 3. Put the layers of the rainforest from top to bottom. ①understory    ②emergent layer ③forest floor    ④canopy A．②→④→①→③ B．④→②→①→③ C．②→①→④→③ D．④→①→②→③ 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A．How animals live in the rainforest. B．The layers of the rainforest. C．Why rainforests are amazing and important. D．How to cut down rainforests. Passage 4 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 The Eye of the Sahara is one of Earth’s most amazing natural wonders. It’s a special place in the desert (沙漠) of Mauritania, Africa. Looking from the sky, it looks like a huge, bright eye! It is as long as 500 football fields. The Eye looks like a big round pizza with different coloured parts. How was it made? Millions of years ago, the ground under the sand started to rise up. Then, wind and rain slowly wore away the soft rocks (岩石), leaving the hard ones behind. Over time, these hard rocks formed the beautiful circles we see today. From above, you can count about 10 round circles, each one has a different colour. The biggest circle is on the outside, with smaller ones inside. But the Eye of the Sahara is in trouble. The desert is very dry, and sandstorms often blow over it. The sand can make the rocks difficult to see. Also, not many people know about this amazing place because it’s far from big cities. What can we do to help? Scientists are studying the Eye to find ways to conserve the rocks from sand. Some people also suggest building a small road or a simple visitor centre nearby. This way, more kids and tourists can come and see the Eye of the Sahara. 1. What can we learn about the circles of the Eye from Paragraph 2? A．They are all the same size. B．The smallest circle is in the centre. C．Each circle has the same colour. D．There are about 8 round circles. 2. Why can’t many people visit the Eye of the Sahara easily? A．Because it’s too small to find. B．Because it’s far from cities. C．Because it’s always full of water. D．Because it’s too hot to get there. 3. What does the underlined word “conserve” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Climb. B．Hike. C．Develop. D．Protect. 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To talk about dangerous sandstorms. B．To tell how to build a visitor centre. C．To compare different deserts in Africa. D．To describe a natural wonder and its challenges. Passage 5 A rainbow is one of the most beautiful wonders of nature. It appears in the sky after rain when the sun comes out. Many people wonder how rainbows form and why they have such bright colors. Rainbows form when sunlight passes through water droplets in the air. The sunlight is made up of seven different colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. When the sunlight hits the water droplets, it bends and splits into these seven colors. This process is called refraction.  The colors appear in a fixed order, with red on the top and violet on the bottom. You can only see a rainbow when the sun is behind you and the rain is in front of you. Rainbows are usually semicircular, but if you are high up, like on a mountain or in an airplane, you might see a full circle rainbow. Rainbows are not physical objects; they are just light reflections that our eyes can see. Rainbows have been a symbol of hope and happiness in many cultures. They remind us of the beauty of nature and the magic of the world around us. Even though rainbows don’t last long, they leave a deep impression on everyone who sees them. 1. When does a rainbow usually appear? A．Before rain. B．During rain. C．After rain when the sun comes out. D．On a sunny day without rain. 2. How many colors does sunlight consist of? A．Five. B．Six. C．Seven. D．Eight. 3. What is the main idea of this passage? A．How rainbows form and their meaning. B．The colors of rainbows. C．Where to see rainbows. D．The symbol of rainbows. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A．Rainbows are physical objects we can touch. B．We can see a full circle rainbow anywhere. C．Rainbows are a symbol of hope in many cultures. D．Rainbows last for a long time. Passage 6 If you get angry many times in a day, it is time for you to think about how to deal with it. Here are some of my suggestions. When you are angry, try to tell yourself through another voice that you are angry and that it is not a bad thing. It just shows that you have different ideas. Accept that many things are not 100% right or wrong. In our communication with others, the final purpose is not to decide who is right and who is wrong, but to look for something in common. If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath and let the anger out of your body along with the breath. Don’t say hurtful things when you are very angry, because you will feel sorry for saying them when you cool down. Discussing (讨论) with a third party is helpful. It is hard for the two parties in anger to understand each other, but the idea of an outsider can help them out. Anger is just one of the many human emotions, and to manage it well adds to our ability to truly understand the world. 1. What’s the final purpose of communicating with other people? A．To show different ideas. B．To look for something in common. C．To accept useful suggestions. D．To decide who is right. 2. What does the writer advise us to do when we can’t cool down? A．Say hurtful things. B．Try taking a deep breath. C．Control our voices. D．Stop talking with others. 3. What does the underlined word “party” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．An activity. B．A visitor. C．A person. D．A meeting. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A．How to manage anger. B．How to show feelings. C．How to deal with worries. D．How to understand the world. Passage 7 Stress can be either short-term or long-term. There are three common kinds of stress. The first is survival (生存的) stress. When you are in danger, your body prepares to deal with the danger either by fighting it or running from it. When you face this kind of stress, your breath and heartbeat (心跳) will be faster. Environmental stress is the second kind of stress. It is from the unhappy things you run into in everyday life. For example, loud noises, bad weather and crowds can cause stress. They are not dangerous, but they are stressful. The third one is internal (内部的) stress. This type of stress is not caused by something outside of you. Instead, it is caused by thinking about stressful situations that happened in the past or will happen in the future. For example, if you think it is stressful for you to give a talk in front of lots of people, just thinking about it will bring you stress. Some short-term stress can be helpful. However, when stress is long-term, it can cause serious health problems. So, you should learn how to deal with stress in your life, such as deep breathing or asking for help from others. 1. How does your body deal with danger? A．By fighting it or running from it. B．By competing with it or getting into it. C．By developing it or working it out. D．By meeting it or looking through it. 2. Where is environmental stress from? A．Polluted water and air. B．Strict parents and teachers. C．Worse living environment. D．Unhappy things in everyday life. 3. What is the structure of the passage? (①= Paragraph 1) A．①/②③④⑤ B．①②③④/⑤ C．①/②③④/⑤ D．①②/③/④⑤ 4. What’s the best title for the passage? A．Common Kinds of Stress B．The Advantages of Short-term Stress C．The Disadvantages of Long-term Stress D．How to Deal with Stress Passage 8 Everyone feels worried or nervous sometimes. But do you know there are different kinds of stress?   The first kind is survival stress. When you are in danger, your body gets ready to fight or run away. Your heart beats faster and you breathe more quickly.   The second kind is environmental stress. It comes from unpleasant things in daily life, such as loud noise, heavy traffic, or bad weather. These things are not life-threatening, but they can make you feel stressed.   The third kind is internal stress. This is caused by your own thoughts. For example, if you keep thinking about a terrible exam in the past or worry about giving a speech in the future, you may feel stressed even when nothing bad is happening.   Short-term stress can help you focus. But long-term stress is harmful to your health. So it’s important to learn how to deal with it, such as taking deep breaths or talking to someone you trust. 1. What does your body do when you face danger? A．It makes you fall asleep. B．It prepares to fight or run away. C．It causes a headache. D．It stops breathing. 2. Environmental stress usually comes from ________. A．dangerous animals B．thinking about the past C．unhappy things in everyday life D．taking a test 3. Which is an example of internal stress? A．Being caught in a storm. B．Hearing a loud noise. C．Worrying about a future speech. D．Fighting a wild animal. 4. What is the best title for this passage? A．How to Create Stress B．The Advantages of Stress Only C．Three Types of Stress D．Long-term Stress and Health Passage 9 After a long day of study, it is important for students to relax their minds and bodies. Here are some great ways to relax through after-school activities. Sports and Physical Exercise   Playing sports like basketball, swimming, or even going for a run can help you feel relaxed. Physical activity releases stress hormones (释放应激激素) and makes your body feel light and active. It also improves your mood (情绪). Creative Hobbies    Drawing, painting, or writing stories can calm you down. These activities allow you to express your feelings in a creative way. For example, you can draw your favourite characters or write about your day. This helps you focus on something enjoyable instead of school stress. Music and Relaxation   Listening to soft music or playing an instrument can reduce stress. Studies show that music like classical or light pop can slow down your heart rate (心率) and help you focus on study better. Some students even find that listening to music while resting improves their memory. Social Activities   Spending time with friends or family—such as watching a movie, playing board games, or simply talking—can make you feel happy. Communicating helps you share your worries and laugh together, which is a natural way to relax. Quiet Time in Nature   If you prefer peace, try walking in a park or sitting under a tree. Fresh air and natural scenery can clear (使清晰) your mind. Even a short break outdoors can make you feel more energetic. 1. What can we learn about physical exercise according to the text? A．It makes students focus on winning. B．It releases stress hormones and improves mood. C．It costs much. D．It is only for athletes. 2. Why are creative hobbies like drawing useful? A．Because they help students do homework. B．Because they allow students to express feelings. C．Because they are only for smart artists. D．Because they make students compare with others. 3. What is one result of listening to soft music? A．It makes the heart rate rise. B．It makes students stay nervous. C．It holds your attention. D．It is only useful during exams. 4. How does spending time with friends help? A．It makes students feel more energetic. B．It is only for outgoing people. C．It can clear people’s minds. D．It allows sharing worries together. Passage 10 Accidents can happen at home, at school, or on the way. It is important to know some first aid skills to help ourselves and others. Here are some common situations and what to do. If you have a nosebleed: - Sit down and lean forward slightly (身体微微前倾). Do not tilt (倾斜) your head back, as this can cause blood to go down your throat. - Pinch (捏紧) the lower part of your nose for 5 to 10 minutes. - If the bleeding does not stop after 15 minutes, you should see a doctor. If you get a burn: - Cool the burn with cold running water for at least 10 minutes. Do not use ice, butter, or ointment, as this can make the injury worse. - Cover the burn with a clean, dry cloth. - If the burn is large, deep, or on the face, hands, or feet, go to the hospital immediately. If you cut your finger: - Wash the cut with clean water. - Press on the cut with a clean cloth (布料) to stop the bleeding. - If the cut is deep or you cannot stop the bleeding, you need medical help. 1. What should you NOT do if you have a nosebleed? A．Sit down. B．Lean forward. C．Tilt your head back. D．Pinch your nose. 2. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “immediately”? A．Slowly. B．Importantly. C．Carefully. D．At once. 3. What should you do if you cut your finger? A．Use ice on the cut. B．Press on the cut to stop the bleeding. C．Put butter on the cut. D．Ignore (忽略) it and let it heal by itself. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to avoid accidents. B．Common accidents and first aid. C．The importance of going to the hospital. D．How to keep healthy. Passage 11 A cold is a common illness (疾病): It often starts with a sore throat. And you usually have a headache, too. It’s not serious, but you can feel very bad. What should you do when you have a cold? You should have a good rest first. It’s good to drink a lot of water, too. You can see a doctor and take some medicine. Maybe you can also try some Chinese medicine that is now very popular around the world. What should you do to stop a cold? One important way is to exercise more often. Running, swimming or even walking can help a lot. Try to exercise for at least half an hour a day. It’s also important to go to bed and get up early. Studies show that the cold or flu virus can live on our hands for a long time. So you should often wash your hands with soap. Finally, it’s important to have a balanced diet (均衡饮食). If you can do these, you will hardly ever catch a cold again. 1. What should you do when you have a bad cold? A． Go to a doctor. B．Sleep early and get up late. C．Exercise more often. D．Drink much cold water. 2. Why should you often wash your hands with soap? A．Because it makes our hands smell good. B．Because it makes our hands nicer. C．Because it may help keep the flu virus away. D．Because it is not expensive for us to buy soap. 3. How long should we exercise a day? A．For at least 60 minutes. B．For at least 10 minutes. C．For less than 60 minutes. D．For at least 30 minutes. 4. What can we know from the passage? A．Only Chinese medicine can help stop a cold. B．We should run or swim when we have a cold. C．The most important way to stop a cold is to drink lots of water. D．Good eating habits and much exercise can help us stay away from a cold. Passage 12 Shenzhen, a city in southern China, has made amazing progress in the past 40 years. Once a small fishing village with only a few thousand people, it now has a population of over 17 million. It has become one of the world’s leading high-tech (高科技) cities. Innovation (创新) is everywhere in Shenzhen. Many new technologies (科技) are developed and tested here. The city is home to famous tech companies like Huawei and Tencent (腾讯). These companies have not only made money for themselves but also helped China become a global tech power (全球科技强国). Shenzhen also cares about people’s quality (质量) of life. The city has built more than 1,000 parks and 3,000 kilometres of greenways. People can walk, run or ride bikes in these green spaces, even in the busy city centre. Shenzhen is also the first city in the world to use electric buses and taxis on a large scale (规模). This helps reduce air pollution (污染) and make the city cleaner. Culturally, Shenzhen is not left behind. It has many libraries, museums and theatres (剧院). The city’s efforts (努力) to encourage reading have been praised (称赞) by UNESCO, which gave it an award. Shenzhen is no longer (不再) just a “factory city” but a cultural centre as well. 1. What was Shenzhen like 40 years ago? A．A large city with many people. B．A high-tech city with many companies. C．A small fishing village with a small population. D．A cultural centre with many libraries. 2. Which of the following is NOT a reason (理由) for Shenzhen’s success (成功)? A．Innovation B．The efforts of the city C．Cultural development. D．Large population. 3. What can we learn about Shenzhen’s environment? A．It has many green spaces. B．It is polluted by factories. C．It has no electric buses. D．It is noisy and dirty. 4. What did UNESCO praise Shenzhen for? A．Its high-tech industries. B．Its efforts in encouraging reading. C．Its green energy use. D．Its large number of parks. 11 / 12乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前特训 期中考 阅读理解 仿真模拟 考前特训（浙江专用） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 特 训 范 围 Unit 1 Time to Relax Unit 2 Stay Healthy Unit 3 Growing Up Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature Passage 1 Jonny, a 15-year-old student, is checking his dad’s old jacket. He says, “You’re 45, Dad. You’re never going to wear this again. Can I have it?” Keith has had a bad day at work, and he is feeling old. And Jonny has hit his pain. Keith raises his voice and says, “What? You mean I’m too old to wear the jacket again?” Jonny feels like this has come out of nowhere, and now he feels hurt. “But I only asked. Why are you shouting at me?” “But I don’t like being treated as though I’m too old.” Both of them feel a bit upset. Have you ever had a similar argument with the people around you? Here are some tips for you to remember when you’re getting mad. ·Accept your feelings and consider the other person’s feelings. That means not always making yourself “right” or “clever” and the other person “wrong” or “stupid”. ·Explain yourself and not the other person, so you can speak out your ideas by starting with “I…” but not “You…”. ·Don’t always have to reflect your thoughts before reacting (回应). If you feel angry, I think it’s a good idea to stop a moment and understand why. ·Don’t decide the purpose of the other person by your guesses. Try to work out what he or she is feeling, and admit (承认) it if you were wrong. Don’t forget that it’s never too late to start the ways of communicating. 1. Why did Jonny feel hurt? A．Because his dad hit his pain. B．Because his dad had a busy day. C．Because his dad liked the jacket. D．Because his dad was angry with him. 2. To avoid an argument, how many suggestions does the writer give us? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 3. According to the passage, if you want to express your ideas, you’d better begin like this: “________”. A．You misunderstood me… B．I know how you feel, but… C．They’re different from us… D．Things aren’t the same… 4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Learn to admit your mistakes bravely B．Be patient with the people around you C．An argument between a father and a son D．Good ways of communicating are important 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是说明文，通过一对父子的争吵引出了避免与人发生争执的沟通建议，强调了良好沟通方式的重要性。 1. 细节理解题。根据第3段“Jonny feels like this has come out of nowhere, and now he feels hurt. ‘But I only asked. Why are you shouting at me?’”可知，乔尼感到受伤是因为爸爸对他发火了。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据文中列出的建议：“Accept your feelings and consider the other person's feelings.”“Explain yourself and not the other person ... ”“Don’t always have to reflect your thoughts before reacting ... ”和“Don’t decide the purpose of the other person by your guesses.”可知，共4条建议。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据建议第2条“Explain yourself and not the other person, so you can speak out your ideas by starting with ‘I ... ’ but not ‘You ... ’”可知，表达想法时最好以“我……”开头，选项B“I know how you feel, but ...”符合这种以“我”为开头的表达逻辑。故选B。 4. 最佳标题题。文章通过父子争吵的例子，引出并介绍了避免冲突的沟通方法，核心是强调良好沟通的重要性。因此“Good ways of communicating are important”最适合作为标题。故选D。 Passage 2 Glaciers (冰川) hold about 70% of the Earth’s fresh water. They are large pieces of closely packed ice and snow. Glaciers only form in very cold places. Every year, new snow falls on top of the old snow. The layers (层) of snow press down on each other, and then the snow crystals (晶体) start to change. They get smaller, and air pockets are pushed out of the snow. This allows the crystals to grow longer. Over time, the snow layer at the bottom of all the other snow layers becomes ice. The whole process of making a glacier takes about 100 years. Some ice is packed so closely that it looks blue. The snow on top of a glacier looks white because it reflects all of the light. But the ice layers of the glacier do not have many air pockets. They absorb different parts of light and reflect blue light. Some of the glaciers on the Earth may be very old. Scientists think that a few glaciers have ice that is about 8 million years old. Not all of the glaciers are so old, though. A number of glaciers in Alaska (阿拉斯加) are only about 100 years old. There are different kinds of glaciers. An ice stream is a kind of glacier that forms on another glacier, and it looks like a frozen river. Rock glaciers are made when ice, rock, and other objects get mixed together. 1. The underlined word “absorb” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．cut down B．give out C．make up D．take in 2. Why does the writer talk about Alaska’s glaciers? A．Because some of the glaciers are not very old. B．Because they are the oldest glaciers on the Earth. C．Because the weather in Alaska is very cold. D．Because the rocks in them are valuable. 3. How does the writer support his idea in the last paragraph? A．By asking questions. B．By showing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By telling stories. 4. What is the purpose of this passage? A．To make an introduction about glaciers. B．To describe different kinds of fresh water. C．To point out the importance of glaciers. D．To introduce the influence of cold weather. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冰川的形成过程、颜色成因、年龄差异以及不同类型。 1. 词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句“ They absorb different parts of light and reflect blue light.”可知，此处表示它们吸收不同部分的光并反射蓝光。由此可推知，画线词absorb意为“吸收”，与take in的意思相近。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Not all of the glaciers are so old, though. A number of glaciers in Alaska (阿拉斯加) are only about 100 years old.”可推知，作者提到阿拉斯加的冰川是想说明有些冰川并不是很古老。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“An ice stream is a kind of glacier that forms on another glacier, and it looks like a frozen river. Rock glaciers are made when ice, rock, and other objects get mixed together.”可知，作者通过列举冰流和岩石冰川的例子来支持自己的观点。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了冰川的相关情况，所以本文的写作目的是介绍冰川。故选A。 Passage 3 Rainforests (热带雨林) are some of the most amazing places on earth. They cover only about 6% of the world’s land, but are home to more than half of all living things. These dense forests are full of life, from tiny insects to large animals, and from small plants to tall trees. The rainforest has different layers. The top layer is called the emergent layer, where the tallest trees reach up to 70 metres. Below that is the canopy, a thick layer of leaves and branches that stops most sunlight from reaching the layers below. Next is the understory, with smaller trees and bushes. The bottom layer is the forest floor, where only a little sunlight gets through. Many rainforest animals have special skills to live in their layers. For example, sloths hang from the canopy branches. Their long claws help them stay there, and their slow movement helps them save energy. Toucans have big beaks to reach fruit on thin branches that can’t hold their weight. On the forest floor, jaguars use their spots to hide in the shadows while hunting. Rainforests are important for the whole world. They take in carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and give out oxygen (氧气), which helps keep the air clean. They also help control the world’s weather. But rainforests are in danger. Every year, large areas are cut down for wood or to make space for farms. This destroys the homes of many animals and plants, and may even change the world’s climate. 1. What does the word “dense” mean in the first paragraph? A．Dry. B．Thick with plants. C．Cold. D．Easy to walk through. 2. Why do toucans have big beaks? A．To hang from branches. B．To hide from predators. C．To reach fruit on thin branches. D．To run fast on the forest floor. 3. Put the layers of the rainforest from top to bottom. ①understory    ②emergent layer ③forest floor    ④canopy A．②→④→①→③ B．④→②→①→③ C．②→①→④→③ D．④→①→②→③ 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A．How animals live in the rainforest. B．The layers of the rainforest. C．Why rainforests are amazing and important. D．How to cut down rainforests. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文主要介绍了热带雨林是地球上最令人惊叹的地方之一，虽仅占世界陆地面积约6%，却拥有超过一半的生物。文章描述了热带雨林的不同层次结构，以及许多雨林动物为适应各层次环境而具备的特殊技能，还阐述了热带雨林对全球的重要性及其面临的危险。 1. 词句猜测题。根据“These dense forests are full of life, from tiny insects to large animals, and from small plants to tall trees.”可知，这些森林里从微小的昆虫到大型动物，从小植物到高大的树木，应有尽有，说明森林里植物很多很茂密，所以“dense”意思是“长满植物的，茂密的”。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Toucans have big beaks to reach fruit on thin branches that can’t hold their weight.”可知，巨嘴鸟长有大喙，是为了够到那些无法承受它们重量的细树枝上的果实。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据“The top layer is called the emergent layer, where the tallest trees reach up to 70 metres. Below that is the canopy, a thick layer of leaves and branches that stops most sunlight from reaching the layers below. Next is the understory, with smaller trees and bushes. The bottom layer is the forest floor, where only a little sunlight gets through.”可知，热带雨林从上到下依次是：emergent layer（顶层）、canopy（树冠层）、understory（林下层）、forest floor（林底层），即②→④→①→③。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。文章先介绍热带雨林是地球上令人惊叹且生物众多的地方，接着描述其不同层次结构，然后讲述许多雨林动物为适应各层次环境具备的特殊技能，最后阐述热带雨林对全球的重要性及其面临的危险，所以文章主旨是为什么热带雨林令人惊叹且重要。故选C。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 The Eye of the Sahara is one of Earth’s most amazing natural wonders. It’s a special place in the desert (沙漠) of Mauritania, Africa. Looking from the sky, it looks like a huge, bright eye! It is as long as 500 football fields. The Eye looks like a big round pizza with different coloured parts. How was it made? Millions of years ago, the ground under the sand started to rise up. Then, wind and rain slowly wore away the soft rocks (岩石), leaving the hard ones behind. Over time, these hard rocks formed the beautiful circles we see today. From above, you can count about 10 round circles, each one has a different colour. The biggest circle is on the outside, with smaller ones inside. But the Eye of the Sahara is in trouble. The desert is very dry, and sandstorms often blow over it. The sand can make the rocks difficult to see. Also, not many people know about this amazing place because it’s far from big cities. What can we do to help? Scientists are studying the Eye to find ways to conserve the rocks from sand. Some people also suggest building a small road or a simple visitor centre nearby. This way, more kids and tourists can come and see the Eye of the Sahara. 1. What can we learn about the circles of the Eye from Paragraph 2? A．They are all the same size. B．The smallest circle is in the centre. C．Each circle has the same colour. D．There are about 8 round circles. 2. Why can’t many people visit the Eye of the Sahara easily? A．Because it’s too small to find. B．Because it’s far from cities. C．Because it’s always full of water. D．Because it’s too hot to get there. 3. What does the underlined word “conserve” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Climb. B．Hike. C．Develop. D．Protect. 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To talk about dangerous sandstorms. B．To tell how to build a visitor centre. C．To compare different deserts in Africa. D．To describe a natural wonder and its challenges. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. D 【导语】本文主要介绍了撒哈拉之眼这一地球上令人惊叹的自然奇观，包括其外观、形成原因、面临的困境以及人们为保护它所采取的措施等。 1. 细节理解题。根据“From above, you can count about 10 round circles, each one has a different colour. The biggest circle is on the outside, with smaller ones inside.”可知，从上面看，大约有10个圆圈，最大的圆圈在外面，里面是较小的圆圈，也就是最小的圆圈在中心。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Also, not many people know about this amazing place because it’s far from big cities.”可知，很多人不能轻易参观撒哈拉之眼是因为它远离城市。故选B。 3. 词句猜测题。根据“The sand can make the rocks difficult to see. Also, not many people know about this amazing place because it’s far from big cities.”可知，撒哈拉之眼面临沙尘等威胁，岩石难以看清，所以科学家研究它是为了找到保护岩石免受沙子侵害的方法，由此可推测“conserve”意思是“保护”。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。文章先介绍了撒哈拉之眼这一自然奇观的样子、形成原因，接着提到它面临的困境，最后说人们为保护它所采取的措施，所以文章主要目的是描述一个自然奇观及其面临的挑战。故选D。 Passage 5 A rainbow is one of the most beautiful wonders of nature. It appears in the sky after rain when the sun comes out. Many people wonder how rainbows form and why they have such bright colors. Rainbows form when sunlight passes through water droplets in the air. The sunlight is made up of seven different colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. When the sunlight hits the water droplets, it bends and splits into these seven colors. This process is called refraction.  The colors appear in a fixed order, with red on the top and violet on the bottom. You can only see a rainbow when the sun is behind you and the rain is in front of you. Rainbows are usually semicircular, but if you are high up, like on a mountain or in an airplane, you might see a full circle rainbow. Rainbows are not physical objects; they are just light reflections that our eyes can see. Rainbows have been a symbol of hope and happiness in many cultures. They remind us of the beauty of nature and the magic of the world around us. Even though rainbows don’t last long, they leave a deep impression on everyone who sees them. 1. When does a rainbow usually appear? A．Before rain. B．During rain. C．After rain when the sun comes out. D．On a sunny day without rain. 2. How many colors does sunlight consist of? A．Five. B．Six. C．Seven. D．Eight. 3. What is the main idea of this passage? A．How rainbows form and their meaning. B．The colors of rainbows. C．Where to see rainbows. D．The symbol of rainbows. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A．Rainbows are physical objects we can touch. B．We can see a full circle rainbow anywhere. C．Rainbows are a symbol of hope in many cultures. D．Rainbows last for a long time. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了彩虹的形成原理、颜色构成、观测条件，以及彩虹在不同文化中的象征意义，展现自然之美。 1. 第一段第2句提到“It appears in the sky after rain when the sun comes out.”直接对应选项C的描述。 2. 第二段第2句“The sunlight is made up of seven different colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.”明确说明了阳光由七种不同的颜色组成。 3. 文章前两段介绍彩虹的形成原理、颜色构成；第三段说明观测条件；第四段介绍彩虹的文化象征意义，A选项完整覆盖全文核心内容。 4. 第四段第一句“Rainbows have been a symbol of hope and happiness in many cultures.”说明了彩虹一直是希望和幸福的象征。 Passage 6 If you get angry many times in a day, it is time for you to think about how to deal with it. Here are some of my suggestions. When you are angry, try to tell yourself through another voice that you are angry and that it is not a bad thing. It just shows that you have different ideas. Accept that many things are not 100% right or wrong. In our communication with others, the final purpose is not to decide who is right and who is wrong, but to look for something in common. If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath and let the anger out of your body along with the breath. Don’t say hurtful things when you are very angry, because you will feel sorry for saying them when you cool down. Discussing (讨论) with a third party is helpful. It is hard for the two parties in anger to understand each other, but the idea of an outsider can help them out. Anger is just one of the many human emotions, and to manage it well adds to our ability to truly understand the world. 1. What’s the final purpose of communicating with other people? A．To show different ideas. B．To look for something in common. C．To accept useful suggestions. D．To decide who is right. 2. What does the writer advise us to do when we can’t cool down? A．Say hurtful things. B．Try taking a deep breath. C．Control our voices. D．Stop talking with others. 3. What does the underlined word “party” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．An activity. B．A visitor. C．A person. D．A meeting. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A．How to manage anger. B．How to show feelings. C．How to deal with worries. D．How to understand the world. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文介绍了应对日常愤怒情绪的方法，包括沟通的核心目的、情绪平复技巧等内容。 1. 第二段明确提到：“the final purpose is not to decide who is right and who is wrong, but to look for something in common”，说明与人沟通的最终目的是寻找共同点。 2. 第三段指出：“If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath and let the anger out of your body along with the breath”，所以当无法冷静时，作者建议深呼吸。 3. 第四段提到：“Discussing with a third party is helpful”，结合语境，“party”在此处指参与沟通的“人”。 4. 文章开篇即说明“it is time for you to think about how to deal with it”，后续内容均围绕管理愤怒的方法展开，所以文章主旨是如何管理愤怒。 Passage 7 Stress can be either short-term or long-term. There are three common kinds of stress. The first is survival (生存的) stress. When you are in danger, your body prepares to deal with the danger either by fighting it or running from it. When you face this kind of stress, your breath and heartbeat (心跳) will be faster. Environmental stress is the second kind of stress. It is from the unhappy things you run into in everyday life. For example, loud noises, bad weather and crowds can cause stress. They are not dangerous, but they are stressful. The third one is internal (内部的) stress. This type of stress is not caused by something outside of you. Instead, it is caused by thinking about stressful situations that happened in the past or will happen in the future. For example, if you think it is stressful for you to give a talk in front of lots of people, just thinking about it will bring you stress. Some short-term stress can be helpful. However, when stress is long-term, it can cause serious health problems. So, you should learn how to deal with stress in your life, such as deep breathing or asking for help from others. 1. How does your body deal with danger? A．By fighting it or running from it. B．By competing with it or getting into it. C．By developing it or working it out. D．By meeting it or looking through it. 2. Where is environmental stress from? A．Polluted water and air. B．Strict parents and teachers. C．Worse living environment. D．Unhappy things in everyday life. 3. What is the structure of the passage? (①= Paragraph 1) A．①/②③④⑤ B．①②③④/⑤ C．①/②③④/⑤ D．①②/③/④⑤ 4. What’s the best title for the passage? A．Common Kinds of Stress B．The Advantages of Short-term Stress C．The Disadvantages of Long-term Stress D．How to Deal with Stress 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文介绍三种常见压力类型及压力对健康的影响，并建议人们学会应对压力。 1. 第二段提到“your body prepares to deal with the danger either by fighting it or running from it.”说明身体通过战斗或逃跑来应对危险。 2. 第三段指出“Environmental stress… It is from the unhappy things you run into in everyday life.”说明环境压力来自日常生活中的不愉快事情。 3. 第一段总起介绍有三种压力；第二至第四段分别介绍三种压力；第五段总结压力影响并提出建议，因此结构为“总—分—总”。 4. 文章主要介绍三种常见压力及相关说明，因此“Common Kinds of Stress”最符合文章主题。 Passage 8 Everyone feels worried or nervous sometimes. But do you know there are different kinds of stress?   The first kind is survival stress. When you are in danger, your body gets ready to fight or run away. Your heart beats faster and you breathe more quickly.   The second kind is environmental stress. It comes from unpleasant things in daily life, such as loud noise, heavy traffic, or bad weather. These things are not life-threatening, but they can make you feel stressed.   The third kind is internal stress. This is caused by your own thoughts. For example, if you keep thinking about a terrible exam in the past or worry about giving a speech in the future, you may feel stressed even when nothing bad is happening.   Short-term stress can help you focus. But long-term stress is harmful to your health. So it’s important to learn how to deal with it, such as taking deep breaths or talking to someone you trust. 1. What does your body do when you face danger? A．It makes you fall asleep. B．It prepares to fight or run away. C．It causes a headache. D．It stops breathing. 2. Environmental stress usually comes from ________. A．dangerous animals B．thinking about the past C．unhappy things in everyday life D．taking a test 3. Which is an example of internal stress? A．Being caught in a storm. B．Hearing a loud noise. C．Worrying about a future speech. D．Fighting a wild animal. 4. What is the best title for this passage? A．How to Create Stress B．The Advantages of Stress Only C．Three Types of Stress D．Long-term Stress and Health 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了压力的三种类型 —— 生存压力、环境压力和内在压力，并说明了短期压力与长期压力对人的不同影响。 1. 第二段“When you are in danger, your body gets ready to fight or run away.”明确指出，面临危险时身体会准备战斗或逃跑。 2. 第三段“It comes from unpleasant things in daily life, such as loud noise, heavy traffic, or bad weather.”说明环境压力来自日常生活中不愉快的事。 3. 第四段“This is caused by your own thoughts... worry about giving a speech in the future, you may feel stressed”表明，担心未来的演讲属于内在压力。 4. 文章先总述有不同种类的压力，然后依次介绍三种压力，核心内容是三种压力类型。 Passage 9 After a long day of study, it is important for students to relax their minds and bodies. Here are some great ways to relax through after-school activities. Sports and Physical Exercise   Playing sports like basketball, swimming, or even going for a run can help you feel relaxed. Physical activity releases stress hormones (释放应激激素) and makes your body feel light and active. It also improves your mood (情绪). Creative Hobbies    Drawing, painting, or writing stories can calm you down. These activities allow you to express your feelings in a creative way. For example, you can draw your favourite characters or write about your day. This helps you focus on something enjoyable instead of school stress. Music and Relaxation   Listening to soft music or playing an instrument can reduce stress. Studies show that music like classical or light pop can slow down your heart rate (心率) and help you focus on study better. Some students even find that listening to music while resting improves their memory. Social Activities   Spending time with friends or family—such as watching a movie, playing board games, or simply talking—can make you feel happy. Communicating helps you share your worries and laugh together, which is a natural way to relax. Quiet Time in Nature   If you prefer peace, try walking in a park or sitting under a tree. Fresh air and natural scenery can clear (使清晰) your mind. Even a short break outdoors can make you feel more energetic. 1. What can we learn about physical exercise according to the text? A．It makes students focus on winning. B．It releases stress hormones and improves mood. C．It costs much. D．It is only for athletes. 2. Why are creative hobbies like drawing useful? A．Because they help students do homework. B．Because they allow students to express feelings. C．Because they are only for smart artists. D．Because they make students compare with others. 3. What is one result of listening to soft music? A．It makes the heart rate rise. B．It makes students stay nervous. C．It holds your attention. D．It is only useful during exams. 4. How does spending time with friends help? A．It makes students feel more energetic. B．It is only for outgoing people. C．It can clear people’s minds. D．It allows sharing worries together. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文主要介绍了学生通过课后活动放松身心的几种方式，包括体育运动、创意爱好、音乐放松、社交活动和亲近自然。 1. 第二段明确指出：“Physical activity releases stress hormones and makes your body feel light and active. It also improves your mood”，说明体育锻炼能释放应激激素并改善情绪。 2. 第三段明确指出：“These activities allow you to express your feelings in a creative way”，说明绘画等创意爱好有助于表达情感。 3. 第四段明确指出：“listening to soft music or playing an instrument can reduce stress... slow down your heart rate”，说明听轻音乐有助于集中注意力。 4. 第五段明确指出：“Communicating helps you share your worries and laugh together”，说明与朋友相处可以分享担忧。 Passage 10 Accidents can happen at home, at school, or on the way. It is important to know some first aid skills to help ourselves and others. Here are some common situations and what to do. If you have a nosebleed: - Sit down and lean forward slightly (身体微微前倾). Do not tilt (倾斜) your head back, as this can cause blood to go down your throat. - Pinch (捏紧) the lower part of your nose for 5 to 10 minutes. - If the bleeding does not stop after 15 minutes, you should see a doctor. If you get a burn: - Cool the burn with cold running water for at least 10 minutes. Do not use ice, butter, or ointment, as this can make the injury worse. - Cover the burn with a clean, dry cloth. - If the burn is large, deep, or on the face, hands, or feet, go to the hospital immediately. If you cut your finger: - Wash the cut with clean water. - Press on the cut with a clean cloth (布料) to stop the bleeding. - If the cut is deep or you cannot stop the bleeding, you need medical help. 1. What should you NOT do if you have a nosebleed? A．Sit down. B．Lean forward. C．Tilt your head back. D．Pinch your nose. 2. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “immediately”? A．Slowly. B．Importantly. C．Carefully. D．At once. 3. What should you do if you cut your finger? A．Use ice on the cut. B．Press on the cut to stop the bleeding. C．Put butter on the cut. D．Ignore (忽略) it and let it heal by itself. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to avoid accidents. B．Common accidents and first aid. C．The importance of going to the hospital. D．How to keep healthy. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了鼻出血、烧伤、割伤三种常见意外伤害的急救处理方法。 1. 文中在介绍流鼻血的处理方法时提到“Do not tilt your head back, as this can cause blood to go down your throat.”，说明流鼻血时不应该做的是把头往后仰。 2. 在介绍烧伤处理办法时提到“If the burn is large, deep, or on the face, hands, or feet, go to the hospital immediately.”，可知如果烧伤面积大、伤势深，或者烧伤部位在脸部、手部或脚部，要立即去医院，“immediately”表示“立刻、马上”，与“at once”意思相符。 3. 在介绍割伤手指的处理办法时提到“Press on the cut with a clean cloth to stop the bleeding.”，说明割伤手指时应该按压伤口止血。 4. 全文介绍了三种常见意外伤害的症状及对应的急救措施，因此主要讲的是常见意外及急救方法。 Passage 11 A cold is a common illness (疾病): It often starts with a sore throat. And you usually have a headache, too. It’s not serious, but you can feel very bad. What should you do when you have a cold? You should have a good rest first. It’s good to drink a lot of water, too. You can see a doctor and take some medicine. Maybe you can also try some Chinese medicine that is now very popular around the world. What should you do to stop a cold? One important way is to exercise more often. Running, swimming or even walking can help a lot. Try to exercise for at least half an hour a day. It’s also important to go to bed and get up early. Studies show that the cold or flu virus can live on our hands for a long time. So you should often wash your hands with soap. Finally, it’s important to have a balanced diet (均衡饮食). If you can do these, you will hardly ever catch a cold again. 1. What should you do when you have a bad cold? A． Go to a doctor. B．Sleep early and get up late. C．Exercise more often. D．Drink much cold water. 2. Why should you often wash your hands with soap? A．Because it makes our hands smell good. B．Because it makes our hands nicer. C．Because it may help keep the flu virus away. D．Because it is not expensive for us to buy soap. 3. How long should we exercise a day? A．For at least 60 minutes. B．For at least 10 minutes. C．For less than 60 minutes. D．For at least 30 minutes. 4. What can we know from the passage? A．Only Chinese medicine can help stop a cold. B．We should run or swim when we have a cold. C．The most important way to stop a cold is to drink lots of water. D．Good eating habits and much exercise can help us stay away from a cold. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. D 【导语】本文主要介绍了感冒的症状、应对方法以及预防措施。 1. 第二段明确指出：“You can see a doctor and take some medicine”，说明患重感冒时应去看医生。 2. 第三段明确指出：“Studies show that the cold or flu virus can live on our hands for a long time. So you should often wash your hands with soap”，说明用肥皂洗手有助于预防流感病毒。 3. 第三段明确指出：“Try to exercise for at least half an hour a day”，说明每天应至少锻炼30分钟。 4. 第三段提到锻炼、早睡早起、勤洗手、均衡饮食等预防感冒的方法，因此良好的饮食习惯和充足的锻炼有助于远离感冒。 Passage 12 Shenzhen, a city in southern China, has made amazing progress in the past 40 years. Once a small fishing village with only a few thousand people, it now has a population of over 17 million. It has become one of the world’s leading high-tech (高科技) cities. Innovation (创新) is everywhere in Shenzhen. Many new technologies (科技) are developed and tested here. The city is home to famous tech companies like Huawei and Tencent (腾讯). These companies have not only made money for themselves but also helped China become a global tech power (全球科技强国). Shenzhen also cares about people’s quality (质量) of life. The city has built more than 1,000 parks and 3,000 kilometres of greenways. People can walk, run or ride bikes in these green spaces, even in the busy city centre. Shenzhen is also the first city in the world to use electric buses and taxis on a large scale (规模). This helps reduce air pollution (污染) and make the city cleaner. Culturally, Shenzhen is not left behind. It has many libraries, museums and theatres (剧院). The city’s efforts (努力) to encourage reading have been praised (称赞) by UNESCO, which gave it an award. Shenzhen is no longer (不再) just a “factory city” but a cultural centre as well. 1. What was Shenzhen like 40 years ago? A．A large city with many people. B．A high-tech city with many companies. C．A small fishing village with a small population. D．A cultural centre with many libraries. 2. Which of the following is NOT a reason (理由) for Shenzhen’s success (成功)? A．Innovation B．The efforts of the city C．Cultural development. D．Large population. 3. What can we learn about Shenzhen’s environment? A．It has many green spaces. B．It is polluted by factories. C．It has no electric buses. D．It is noisy and dirty. 4. What did UNESCO praise Shenzhen for? A．Its high-tech industries. B．Its efforts in encouraging reading. C．Its green energy use. D．Its large number of parks. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 【导语】本文介绍了深圳从40年前的小渔村发展成为如今的高科技、绿色生态和文化中心城市的成就，包括其在创新、环境和文化建设方面的努力与成果。 1. 文中第一段明确提到“Once a small fishing village with only a few thousand people”，这就是深圳40年前的样子。 2. 创新（Innovation）是深圳成功的关键（第二段）；城市的努力（The efforts of the city）体现在环境、文化等多方面（第三、四段）；文化发展（Cultural development）是其成为文化中心的原因（第四段）；人口（Population）是城市发展的结果而非成功的理由。 3. 文中第三段提到“The city has built more than 1,000 parks and 3,000 kilometres of greenways”，说明深圳有很多绿地。 4. 文中第四段指出“The city’s efforts to encourage reading have been praised by UNESCO”，联合国教科文组织是因为深圳鼓励阅读的努力而表扬它的。 15 / 15乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $