Unit 10 Connections Lesson 2 & Lesson 3-分层同步练习 2025-2026学年高中英语北师大版选择性必修第四册

Lesson 2 & Lesson 3 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.It was sunshine and the sledge ran smoothly over the 　　　　　(freeze) snow.  2.It was really cold;　　　　　　　(addition),our car was broken.  3.To our 　　　　　(amaze),our lost dog returned two weeks later.  4.　　　　　(adopt) son as Jim is,his foster parents are so kind to him.  5.And the police have launched an 　　　　　　　　(investigate) into the incident.  6.His speech was 　　　　　　(frequent) interrupted by stormy applause.  7.As a 　　　　　　　　(consequent) of being in hospital,Shelly decided that she wanted to become a nurse.  8.Having said she wasn’t hungry,she then proceeded 　　　　(order) a three-course meal.  9.The 　　　　　(dive) went into the deep water beyond the danger limit.  10.He 　　　　　　(resolute) stuck to what he had said at the meeting.  Ⅱ.选词填空 in amazement,burst into,put out,pick up,take up,consist of,step in,come along,decide on,turn down 1.Seeing what was happening before her,she opened her eyes wide 　　　　　　　　　.  2.The team coach was forced to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to stop the two athletes from fighting.  3.Would you be so kind as to 　　　　　　　　　　the radio?I am doing my homework.  4.After he retired,he 　　　　　　　　　　　painting as a hobby.  5.　　　　　　　　　　　 with me,boys!You are keeping everybody waiting.  6.I can’t 　　　　　　　　　　　it personally.I have to talk about it with other members.  7.He 　　　　　　　　　　　uncontrollable laughter when he heard the amusing story.  8.She went over to her parents’ house to 　　　　　　　　　　　some clean clothes.  9.My class 　　　　　　　　　　　28 boys and 22 girls.  10.It took the firefighters nearly two hours to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the big fire in the hotel.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.你可以把包裹寄给她,没有必要送过去。(there is no need to do) You can post the parcel to her;　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　.  2.那个年轻的美国人说起话来好像是一个中国人。(as if) The young American speaks 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  3.窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志。(完全倒装) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a young man with a magazine in his hand.  4.随着舞台的帷幕缓缓落下,观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。(burst into) As the curtain on the stage falls slowly,the audience 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  5.今天早晨他睡过头了,结果上班迟到了。(consequence) He overslept this morning;　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he was late for work.  6.当时我们没有理解教授所说的话的真正意思。(宾语从句) At that moment,we didn’t grasp the meaning of 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  7.格林一家也许已经预料到将发生的事。他们在一周前搬进城里了。(might) The Greens 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　what would happen.They moved to the city a week ago.  二、能力素养提升练 Ⅳ.阅读理解 A Friendships can hold an exceptional place in our life stories.What is it about these connections that makes them so unique? Before we dive into the science,let’s first observe one in action. If I could somehow design a best friend,you know,put together all the ideal qualities of my perfect match,that person would pale in comparison to Priya.She’s always there for me.Last year after I failed my important exam,it felt like my whole world was crashing down.Priya was at my door at the news.I was a wreck,but she sat there with me and listened.We were on the same page! Early childhood,adolescent,and adult friendships are all a little different in part because the brain works in different ways at those stages of life.Adolescence is a unique time when peer relationships take focus,and thanks to the developing brain,there are changes in the way you value,understand,and connect to friends.Teenage friends can seem attached at the hip. Scientists describe adolescence as a social readaption as teenagers begin to spend as much or more time with their friends than with their parents.This drive to hang with pals maybe due to changes in the brain’s reward centre.Its activation makes hanging out with others enjoyable and motivates you to spend more time with them.Neuroimaging(神经成像) studies show that this region is highly reactive during your teenage years,which may explain why adolescents seem to place a higher value on social interactions than children or adults. Teenage friendships can also feel closer than the friendships of your childhood.This deeper connection is possible thanks to improvements in what scientists call Theory of Mind.It is the ability to understand others’ emotions,thoughts,motivations,and points of view.Babies begin to develop Theory of Mind around 18 months or so.And scientists know that it continues to improve and mature well into your teenage years and beyond.Likewise,regions within the social brain show increased connectivity during adolescence compared with childhood. As a result,teens can better understand their friend’s perspectives,allowing for deeper connections to develop.The ability to connect with others somewhat depends on the coordination of actions,emotions,physiology,and thoughts.This is what psychologists call interpersonal synchrony(同步). 1.Why did the author mention the exam in paragraph 2? A.To introduce an exam. B.To show their close relationship. C.To serve a favorable example. D.To argue against the opinion. 2.Why does adolescent friendship differ from others? A.Adult friends are attached at the hip. B.Teenagers’ value stay the same. C.The brain is inactive during teenage years. D.Peer relationships play a key role in the life. 3.What can we know about Theory of Mind? A.It becomes better developed in adolescence. B.It refers to regions within the social brain. C.Babies begin to develop it around 8 months. D.It refers to the ability to understand our own emotions. 4.Which is the best title of the text? A.Are friendships different? B.Are friendships connected with your brain? C.Do friendships matter? D.How do adolescent friendships develop? B In July 1915,sick James Murray,one of the early editors of the Oxford English Dictionary(OED),defined one final word.He had devoted 36 years to the dictionary.Knowing he would not see the project complete,he wrote his last entry:for “twilight”. The story of Murray’s final days is one of many memorable tales in The Dictionary People.Conceived(构思) in 1857,the OED was a huge crowdsourcing project comprising 3,000 people.The idea was to create a “descriptive” dictionary that tracked words’ use and meaning over time.Volunteers read widely,mailing in examples of how “rare,old-fashioned,new” words were used.What is surprising about this random method is that it worked,achieving order through the large number of contributors. The origin story of Sarah Ogilvie’s book is almost as improbable as that of the dictionary itself.Ms Ogilvie,an editor for the OED,went into the archives(档案馆) of Oxford University Press and came across an old notebook.It had belonged to Murray and contained the names and details of the dictionary volunteers,most of whom had previously been unknown.The Dictionary People is her work of detective scholarship,presenting the lives behind the names. The dictionary’s contributors are an engaging cast,including one of Karl Marx’s daughters and J.R.R.Tolkien.For some,the dictionary was something addictive:one contributor supplied 165,061 quotations.Murray,too,was assiduous.He once wrote to George Eliot to ask about a word choice in Romola,published 17 years earlier. Ms Ogilvie’s book is full of strange but interesting tales.Many dictionary lovers engaged in another crowdsourcing fashion:collecting and measuring rainwater.The presentation of the book is irregular,too,taking its structure from the work it describes.For example,in her first chapter,“A for Archaeologist(考古学家),” she relates the early life of Margaret A.Murray,a pioneering Egyptologist.There are 26 alphabetical(按字母顺序排列的) chapters,each celebrating a group of contributors.This is a clever concept. 5.What did the OED’s volunteers do? A.They deleted the words going out of use. B.They listed instances of changes in word use. C.They corrected the misuse of common words. D.They added new words to keep up with the times. 6.What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about The Dictionary People? A.What Ogilvie achieved with it. B.How Ogilvie told the stories in it. C.What inspired Ogilvie to write it. D.Who helped Ogilvie to complete it. 7.What does the underlined word “assiduous” in paragraph 4 mean? A.Hard-working.　　　　 B.Easy-going. C.Energetic. D.Flexible. 8.What does the author think of Ms Ogilvie’s book? A.Interesting and creative. B.Encouraging and influential. C.Traditional and funny. D.Descriptive and surprising. C Michael Yellow-lees set off to complete a 5,000-mile walk across Canada in the spring of 2021,wearing a kilt(短褶裙) and carrying a few items in a handcart,including a guitar.The 32-year-old musician from Dunked,Scotland,walked from the shores of the Pacific Oceam to the east coast of Newfoundland on the edge of the North Atlantic with his pet dog,Luna,an Alaskan husky,by his side. Speaking about the Scottish Highlands,Mr.Yellow-lees said,“It is a beautiful landscape,but with a strong sense of sadness because of the absence of woodland,wildlife and people.So I decided to walk across the great wildernesses of Canada to raise funds for Trees for Life,a Scottish rewilding charity,and its work to restore(恢复) Scotland’s Caledonian Forest.” The enthusiastic walker shared some of his experiences,including meeting black bears and hearing wolves cry loudly at night.He also mentioned a moment when he lost Luna after she jumped out of a little boat during a trip in the waterway section of the Trans Canada Trail in Northern Ontario. Yet Mr Yellow-lees was deeply touched by the warmth of the people along the way.In every town and village,people offered him food,shelter and donations.And he was accompanied into towns and cities by marching pipe bands and interviewed by newspapers,the radio and TV. Steve Mickie,chief executive officer of Trees for Life,said,“We followed Michael’s journey across Canada with respect and admiration.Restoring native habitats and wildlife to the highlands is a big task that no one can do alone.But Michael’s extraordinary journey is the proof that an individual can really make a difference.” Bob Davidson,one of Michael Yellow-lees’ friends,said,“This is not a slow walk in the park,but a long march with heavy equipment on the rough road at an incredible pace.He’s an amazing guy.” 9.What do we know about Scottish Highlands from the passage? A.It is located in the east coast of Britain. B.It is a beautiful landscape but full of sorrows. C.It may be once the site of extensive forests. D.It is closely related to a charity in Canada. 10.According to paragraph 3,what is Michael’s journey like? A.It involved great excitement and fun. B.It was a challenging experience. C.It was troubled by his companion Luna. D.It once made him regret his decision. 11.What attitudes did people along the way hold towards Michael’s action? A.Neutral. B.Supportive. C.Doubtful. D.Indifferent. 12.Which of the following statements may Steve Mickie agree with? A.We need to respect those who protect the environment. B.It is not wise to take a long journey alone in the wild. C.Ordinary people who aim high can work wonders. D.People needs great survival skills in daily life. Ⅴ.七选五 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step,but don’t beat yourself up about them.To err(犯错) is human.　1　 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.  In a journal or on a piece of paper,put the heading “Personal strengths”.　2　 Are you caring?Creative?Generous?A good listener?Fun to be around?They don’t have to be world-changing,just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.  At the top of a second page,put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one,list all the positive things you’ve done for others.It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework,when you did the ironing without being asked,or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.　3　  You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.　4　 That way,you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.In fact,don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.  It’s something of a cliché(陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes.The thing is,it’s true.　5　 We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.  A.A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B.Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C.They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D.It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E.It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F.Whatever it is,no matter how small it might seem,write it down. G.Whatever the mistake,remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. Ⅵ.完形填空 I just returned from India.While driving home from the airport,I was amazed by how everything in American streets 　1　 those in Delhi,a city in northern India.“You can eat off the street here!” I said.My family looked at me 　2　 I had gotten off a spaceship rather than a plane.  During the two years I was away,my friends and family 　3　 sending texts to each other by phone.After I came back,my phone was no longer 　4　 as before,just lighting up with the “ding” sound of a text,and I felt very 　5　.I chose to talk to my friends instead of texting them.I asked my friends for their 　6　 as I made an effort to 　7　 with them and rebuild our friendships.  While I was on my 　8　 trips,most of my friends had moved on with their 　9　.We felt disconnected from each other’s experiences.Just as 　10　 would always be part of my life,I understood that raising a family would always be part of theirs.I told them sometimes I felt 　11　 because I had been away and wasn’t there for their 　12　 events.  Expats(侨民) in Laos say that sometimes,if you stay abroad too long,you become a permanent 　13　,never quite making it as a local,and never feeling 　14　 in your home country.I 　15　.If you always travel with a heart beating for your beloved ones,no matter how long you have been abroad,you will find satisfaction at home.  1.A.results in B.results from C.differs in D.differs from 2.A.even though B.as though C.now that D.in that 3.A.were devoted to B.looked forward to C.got used to D.were addicted to 4.A.functioning B.ringing C.shining D.shaking 5.A.lonely B.energetic C.curious D.fortunate 6.A.encouragement B.expectation C.understanding D.description 7.A.research B.recall C.relax D.reconnect 8.A.ideal B.extraordinary C.international D.dramatic 9.A.lives B.studies C.expectations D.ambitions 10.A.travelling B.surfing C.exercising D.competing 11.A.desperate B.memorable C.ashamed D.nervous 12.A.factual B.special C.external D.similar 13.A.native B.foreigner C.civilian D.resident 14.A.content B.uncontrolled C.astonished D.secure 15.A.acknowledge B.bet C.promise D.disagree Ⅶ.语法填空 There are plenty of benefits to having an older brother.However,a new study finds an interesting disadvantage:with an older brother 1.　　　　　　 (come) the poor language development of his younger siblings (兄弟姐妹).  The study is based upon some research which shows that having older siblings 2.　　　　　　　　(link) with poor language development.Now researchers have reached a more specific conclusion:only children with an older brother exhibit these language 3.(difficulty).  Researchers studied more than 1,000 children from birth to the age of five-and-a-half years old.Each child’s language skills were tested at ages 2,3,and 5.5,using tests specially 4.　　　　　　　 (design) to measure numerous aspects of language development.5.　　　　　　  they discovered was significant:compared with children having an older sister,those with an older brother had,6.　　　　　 average,a two-month delay in their language development.  As for explaining this phenomenon,researchers have put 7.　　　　　　 two assumptions.8.　　　　　 is that older sisters tend to talk more often than older brothers; the other is that older sisters usually compete with their siblings 9.　　　　　(little) than older brothers for their parents’ attention.  Today,the whole picture of this phenomenon still remains 10.　　　　　　(explore).  参考答案 Ⅰ.1.frozen　2.additionally　3.amazement　4.Adopted　5.investigation　6.frequently　7.consequence　8.to order　9.diver　10.resolutely Ⅱ.1.in amazement　2.step in　3.turn down　4.took up　5.Come along　6.decide on　7.burst into　8.pick up　9.consists of　10.put out Ⅲ.1.there is no need to send　2.as if he were a Chinese　3.By the window sat　4.burst into thunderous applause　5.as a consequence　6.what the professor had said　7.might have expected Ⅳ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章论述了青少年时期友谊的特点以及友谊与大脑的联系。 1.C　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,此处讲述了我与好朋友Priya之间发生过的一件事,即举了一个朋友间关乎友情的例子,故选C项。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Adolescence is a unique time when peer relationships take focus”可知,青少年时期,同伴关系是重点,即同伴关系在青少年生活中发挥重要的作用。故选D项。 3.A　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“And scientists know that it continues to improve and mature well into your teenage years and beyond.”可知,这一心智理论在青少年时期甚至以后会发展得更好。故选A项。 4.B　标题归纳题。根据第三段内容并结合全文可知,本文讲述了青少年时期能形成深厚独特的友情,是因为大脑发育的原因,即友谊与大脑发育有关。因此,本文最好的标题是:友谊是否有与大脑有关?故选B项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了《词典人》的创作故事以及参与《牛津英语词典》创作的志愿者和贡献者的故事。 5.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Conceived in 1857,the OED was a huge crowdsourcing project comprising 3,000 people.The idea was to create a ‘descriptive’ dictionary that tracked words’ use and meaning over time.”可知,参与《牛津英语词典》创作的志愿者广泛阅读,寄来单词用法的例子,目的是追踪单词的使用和意义变化。故选B项。 6.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中“The origin story of Sarah Ogilvie’s book is almost as improbable as that of the dictionary itself.”以及“Ms Ogilvie,an editor for the OED,went into the archives...most of whom had previously been unknown.”可知,本段主要描述了Ogilvie写作《词典人》的灵感来源。故选C项。 7.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的内容“For some,the dictionary was something addictive:one contributor supplied 165,061 quotations.”以及后面的内容“He once wrote to George Eliot to ask about a word choice in Romola,published 17 years earlier.”可知,Murray跟词条贡献者一样勤奋,曾经写信给George Eliot询问她17年前发表的《罗莫拉》中的一个词的选择问题。由此可知,画线词意为“勤奋的”。故选A项。 8.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ms Ogilvie’s book is full of strange but interesting tales.”,“The presentation of the book is irregular,too,taking its structure from the work it describes.”以及“There are 26 alphabetical chapters,each celebrating a group of contributors.This is a clever concept.”可知,最后一段提到这本书的内容奇特而有趣,结构也颇为独特,按字母顺序排列了26章,每一章都展示了一组贡献者。这个“聪明”的概念显示了作者对该书的赞赏。由此可知,A选项符合作者的观点。故选A项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是Michael独自穿越加拿大,在旅程的过程中经历重重困难。该故事表明志存高远的人是可以创造奇迹的。 9.C　推理判断题。根据第二段中“So I decided to walk across the great wildernesses of Canada to raise funds for Trees for Life,a Scottish rewinding charity,and its work to restore Scotland’s Caledonian Forest.”可推知,苏格兰高地可能曾经是大片森林的所在地。故选C项。 10.B　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,Michael的旅程是一次具有挑战性的经历。故选B项。 11.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yet Mr Yellow-lees was deeply touched by the warmth of the people along the way.In every town and village,people offered him food,shelter and donations.”可知,一路上人们对Michael的行动是支持的。故选B项。 12.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容并结合选项句意,可推知C项“Ordinary people who aim high can work wonders.(志存高远的普通人能创造奇迹)”与Steve Mickie所说的话意思相近,他可能会同意。故选C项。 Ⅴ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者主要阐述了面对错误积极的举措是承担责任,但同样重要的是自我谅解。作者分享了一些进行自我谅解的写作方法。 1.D　此句为细节句。第一段是文章的主旨段落。内容是:为错误承担责任是一个积极的举措,但是不必过分自责。人非圣贤,孰能无过?同样重要的是要学会原谅自己。然后作者分享了一些原谅自己的写作方法。故选D项。 2.B　此句为主旨句。下文的“Are you caring?Creative?Generous?A good listener?Fun to be around?”都是characteristics的一部分,都属于上文的Personal strengths。故选B项。 3.F　此句为细节句。根据上文的“It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework,when you did...after the family had had a tiring day.”可知,此处表示的是:无论你做了什么事,无论这些事情看起来多么的渺小,都要写下来。write it down对应上文的list。故选F项。 4.C　此句为细节句。本段的特征是引入了新的角色“a friend or family member”,下文要对新引入的角色加以诠释。下文的exchange也说明你的朋友或者家人也要尝试这样的一种方法。故选C项。 5.G　此句为细节句。根据本文最后一句可知,“我”们一直在改变和学习,错误是发展和成长的积极方式。所以据此推断,错误并不是你个性中不可改变的部分。故选G项。 Ⅵ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因为常年在国外,和朋友与家人失去联系,感到与彼此的经历脱节了。但是作者认为如果你总是带着一颗为你所爱的人跳动的心去旅行,无论你在国外待了多久,你都会在家里找到满足感。 1.D　根据上文“I was amazed”可知,作者感到惊讶的是美国街道上的一切与印度北部城市德里的街道是如此不同,应用differ from。故选D项。 2.B　此处为方式状语从句,且从句为虚拟语气,表示“好像”应用as though。故选B项。 3.C　根据上文“During the two years I was away”可知,作者离开的时间比较久,朋友和家人已经习惯了用电话互相发短信。故选C项。 4.B　上文提到朋友和家人已经习惯了用电话互相发短信,所以电话不再响起了。故选B项。 5.A　根据下文“I chose to talk to my friends instead of texting them.”以及“with them and rebuild our friendships”可知,作者感到孤独。故选A项。 6.C　根据上文“I chose to talk to my friends instead of texting them.”可知,作者请求朋友的理解,想要和朋友聊天。故选C项。 7.D　根据下文“with them and rebuild our friendships”可知,作者努力重新建立联系,重建友谊。故选D项。 8.C　根据上文“I just returned from India.”可知,作者进行的是国际旅行。故选C项。 9.A　根据下文“We felt disconnected from each other’s experiences.”可知,此处指朋友在作者外出期间继续自己的生活。故选A项。 10.A　根据下文“If you always travel”可知,此处指旅行是作者生活的一部分,故选A项。 11.C　下文提到作者没能见证朋友的特别时刻,所以感到惭愧。故选C项。 12.B　根据上文“because I had been away and wasn’t there for their”可知,作者外出旅行缺席了朋友人生中的一些特别活动。故选B项。 13.B　根据下文“never quite making it as a local”可知,如果你在国外待得太久,你就会成为一个永久的外国人,永远不会像当地人那样生活。故选B项。 14.A　根据上文“never quite making it as a local,and never feeling”可知,在国外待得太久,你就会成为一个永久的外国人,永远不会像当地人那样生活,也永远不会对自己的祖国感到满足。故选A项。 15.D　根据下文“If you always travel with a heart beating for your beloved ones,no matter how long you have been abroad,you will find satisfaction at home.”可知,作者不同意上述观点。故选D项。 Ⅶ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的有趣的研究发现:哥哥会影响弟弟妹妹的语言发展。 1.comes　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。文章使用了一般现在时;此处介词短语“with an older brother”放在句首,句子用了完全倒装结构,句子主语为“development”,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填comes。 2.is linked 　考查动词的语态。句子主语“having older siblings”和谓语link之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填is linked。 3.difficulties　考查名词复数。根据“these”可知,此处应用名词复数形式。故填difficulties。 4.designed　考查非谓语动词。空前的“tests”和“design”之间为被动关系,应用动词-ed形式作后置定语。故填designed。 5.What　考查主语从句。此处“　　　they discovered”是一个主语从句,所填词在从句中充当宾语,指事,应用what。故填What。  6.on　考查介词。固定短语on average表示“平均起来,通常”。故填on。 7.forward/forth/up　考查介词。根据语意可知,此处说明研究者“提出”两种假设,put forward/forth/up表示“提出”。故填forward/forth/up。 8.One　考查代词。结合上文“two assumptions”和下文的“the other”可知,此处说明一种假设。故填One。 9.less　考查副词比较级。根据后面的“than”可知,此处应用比较级。故填less。 10.to be explored　考查非谓语动词。动词“explore”和句子主语“the whole picture of this phenomenon”之间为被动关系,且在remain后常用动词不定式,故此处应用动词不定式的被动式。故填to be explored。 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $