Unit 12 Innovation Lesson 2 & Lesson 3-分层同步练习 2025-2026学年高中英语北师大版选择性必修第四册

Lesson 2 & Lesson 3 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.He is a stranger in this town,so he’s completely 　　　　　　　(clue) about its history.  2.Unfortunately,there is still no new evidence (emerge) during the research. 3.After a term,the teacher should give his students a proper 　　　　　(evaluate) of their study.  4.If the football clubs actually win the medals,then their players will receive large 　　　　　(bonus).  5.He declined 　　　　　　(lend) me money,saying that he was also on a tight budget.  6.In the face of difficulties,we should try our best 　　　　　　　　(overcome) them.  7.She has 　　　　　(theory) knowledge of teaching,but no practical experience.  8.What a 　　　　　　　　(coincident)!I wasn’t expecting to see you here.  9.He’s very 　　　　　　(influence) in his own country and even overseas.  10.The mansion seemed 　　　　　　(grand) large by today’s standards.  Ⅱ.选词填空 lead to,as a result of,a large number of,be proud of,with the help of,at the beginning of,in spite of,pay attention to,prevent...from...,all of a sudden 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　,there was a terrific bang and a flash of smoke.  2.Her hair started falling out 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　radiation treatment.  3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 each class,I always count off the students.  4.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　the achievements our country has made in science.  5.You should 　　　　　　　　　　　　your pronunciation and spelling.  6.He made himself understood 　　　　　　　　　gestures.  7.The heavy rain 　　　　　　　him 　　　　　　taking part in the activity.  8.　　　　　　　　　　　　 the travelling and the late night,she did not feel tired.  9.The library contains 　　　　　　　　　　　　foreign language reference books.  10.Urban development has 　　　　　　　　the ruination of vast areas of countryside.  Ⅲ.用适当的介词填空 1. Due 　　　　　　　the extreme cold,we were unable to plant the trees.  2.The stadium is still 　　　　　　　construction,and will be completed next month.  3.　　　　　　 my opinion,the Internet is a double-edged sword.  4.I usually go to school 　　　　　　foot because I live near the school.  5.He went to the city 　　　　　　the purpose of finding a good job.  6.　　　　　　 the age of 23,he graduated from college.  7.They have been out 　　　　　　touch for a long time.  8.I’d like to express our thanks to you 　　　　　　behalf of the whole family.  9.However,the main communicative device is 　　　　　means of language.  10.The majority of people at the meeting were 　　　　　favour of the proposal.  Ⅳ.单句写作 1.浅色和鲜艳的颜色不但使人看了高兴,也会使人更加活泼。(not only...but also...) Light and bright colors make people 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  2.随着年龄越来越大,她的头发越来越灰白。(as) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,her hair went greyer and greyer.  3.他宁愿骑自行车也不愿意坐拥挤的公交车。(prefer to...rather than...) He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　a bike 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  4.好消息是,吸烟者的数量在下降。(decline) Good news is that the number of smokers is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  5.尽管你第一次未成功,但你必须再次尝试。(in spite of) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　at first you did not succeed,you must try again.  二、能力素养提升练 Ⅴ.阅读理解 A Professor Zhang Liangren from the School of History at Nanjing University has found a unique and engaging way to transmit historical and archaeological knowledge to the public—through food vlogs.His approach,combining culinary(食物的) delights with fascinating historical insights,has taken China’s social media by storm,attracting a wide audience and gathering praise for its innovative method of storytelling. Before digging into food vlogging,Professor Zhang Liangren usually dined at the school cafeteria or restaurants near his community.However,since he started making food vlogs in the summer of 2023,he has been exploring the world extensively,dining at a variety of restaurants that were previously unknown to him.Zhang Liangren frankly admits that he is far from being a qualified “foodie”:He enjoys good food,but has not yet reached the point of searching everywhere for it.What truly led him onto the path of a food vlogger was his passion for archaeology.While watching Zhang taste the food,viewers can listen to him explaining the historical stories behind the dishes.Although the food cannot be immediately tasted,the spiritual nourishment(营养) of archaeology has satisfied the taste buds(味蕾) of netizens,who have expressed their satisfaction. Speaking of the situation at the beginning of filming,Zhang Liangren frankly admitted,“Because I rarely did these things before,I was quite uncomfortable in front of the camera at first.My Mandarin was not very good either,so my speech and movements were very awkward.But gradually,I got used to it,and overall,it’s much better than before.” As for which places he prefers to visit for check-ins,Zhang Liangren states that he prefers shops with a certain level of fame,“It must be down-to-earth,the kind of place that caters to the common people.” He mentioned that he usually chooses small stands or shops with a long history and a good reputation.Sometimes he also selects based on festivals,tasting the food while narrating the methods of preparation and the cultural significance behind the dishes. 1.What is most Chinese audiences’ attitude to Professor Zhang’s food vlogs? A.Supportive.　　　 　 B.Critical. C.Indifferent. D.Hopeful. 2.Why does Professor Zhang become a food vlogger? A.Because he is a competent “foodie”. B.Because the netizens like his vlogs. C.Because he is crazy about archaeology. D.Because he wants to share various foods. 3.What kind of shops will Professor Zhang choose for his vlogs? A.Small shops full of influencers. B.Little-known small stands or shops. C.Fancy stores with a good reputation. D.Small shops with century-old brands. 4.What can best describe Professor Zhang? A.Caring and talented. B.Creative and devoted. C.Intelligent and generous. D.Passionate and humble. B Artificial intelligence(AI) models have long surpassed just creating text responses and images.Now,with only one sentence,OpenAI’s latest text-to-video model,Sora,can turn your words into video with good visual quality while faithfully following your content instructions. Sora is said to be superior to many other existing models with similar functions.The AI model can create videos at suitable aspect ratios(屏幕高宽比) for different devices.It also lets users quickly test out content in lower quality before making the high-quality version,which helps speed up output according to the user’s requests. Aside from this,its ability to present videos in a realistic and smooth manner is astonishing.Sora can create detailed scenes with several characters,specific types of motion,and accurate subject and background details.Beyond the user’s requests,it also understands how these elements exist in the real world.For example,reflections in the water change as a woman walks by. Sora’s amazing performance wouldn’t be possible without its helpful assistant,ChatGPT,which transforms simple sentences into detailed descriptions,improving the accuracy of output. However,the current model isn’t perfect.It may have trouble accurately showing how things move in a complicated scene and might not get how one action leads to another.For example,if someone eats part of a cookie in a Sora-made video,the cookie might not look like it’s been bitten into.The model might mix up directions and find it hard to describe events in the right order.One possible reason is that Sora learns each basic unit of a video,known as a spacetime patch(时空补丁),independently. Sora is still in the testing stage of development.OpenAI is now inviting network security professionals to make random attacks on Sora’s system,aiming to test the model’s possible weaknesses and risks.Sora has also been open to some visual artists,designers and filmmakers.Their feedback will assist OpenAI in enhancing the model to better serve creative professionals. 5.What is the main focus of paragraphs 2 and 3? A.Sora’s development. B.Sora’s diversity. C.Sora’s capabilities. D.Sora’s popularity. 6.Why does the author provide the example in paragraph 5? A.To highlight Sora’s potential safety risks. B.To illustrate Sora’s existing limitations. C.To showcase Sora’s perfect performance. D.To explain the concept of a spacetime patch. 7.What can we know about Sora up to now? A.It has been made available to various industries. B.Its commercial release has been called off. C.It has exposed alarming security issues. D.It is undergoing testing and improvement. 8.What’s the best title for the text? A.Sora:Lead the way in creating videos B.Sora:Surpass existing ChatGPT C.Sora:Generate a rich variety of videos D.Sora:A perfect text-to-video AI model Ⅵ.完形填空 MacArthur’s love for sailing dates back to when she was just 4 years old,when she first got the opportunity to have a try on a boat.“It 　1　 me that this boat had everything we needed to take us anywhere in the world.And as a child,that opened up everything and made me feel the greatest sense of 　2　,” she explained.  This experience 　3　 a passion within MacArthur that she wanted to sail around the world.Growing up in the countryside,she had no idea how to 　4　 it.However,she knew that was what she wanted to do at some phase.So she acquired knowledge and 　5　 for years to seek her dream in sailing.Having merely potatoes and beans for daily meals for eight years,she 　6　 could afford the right equipment.By reaching such 　7　 goals and asking technical questions about 　8　,MacArthur felt as though she was getting 　9　 to her target.  “The impossible could be possible and 　10　 high is not necessarily such a crazy thing to do,” she said.And it seems that MacArthur’s 　11　 to become a navigator went beyond her expectations.At the age of 24,she started to 　12　 media attention after winning the second place in the Vendée Globe,a single-handed non-stop yacht(帆船) race around the world.  Four years later,MacArthur chose to sail for 71 days and 14 hours,　13　 more than 26,000 miles.This led her to set a new record.While this record has been surpassed(超过),MacArthur is still considered as Britain’s most successful offshore 　14　.  So when you know where you’re going,you can actually get there—even if it seems 　15　!  1.A.struck B.puzzled C.convinced D.benefited 2.A.duty B.wonder C.freedom D.direction 3.A.seized B.lighted C.withdrew D.refreshed 4.A.tackle B.defend C.achieve D.approach 5.A.made up B.saved up C.picked up D.turned up 6.A.gradually B.fortunately C.definitely D.eventually 7.A.political B.physical C.financial D.influential 8.A.diving B.sailing C.fishing D.learning 9.A.closer B.deeper C.further D.smarter 10.A.aiming B.jumping C.meaning D.designing 11.A.promise B.ambition C.tendency D.confidence 12.A.pay B.mind C.avoid D.arrest 13.A.covering B.floating C.reaching D.including 14.A.teacher B.coach C.racer D.journalist 15.A.valuable B.available C.affordable D.impossible Ⅶ.语法填空 Chinese scientists have successfully cloned the world’s first Tibetan sheep in Northwest China’s Qinghai Province,1.　　　　　　(hope) to improve the breeding efficiency(繁殖率) of the species by preserving their superior individuals.  The research team from Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University and the Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center in Xining,capital of Qinghai,have jointly bred a cloned Tibetan sheep,2. was developed with the somatic(躯体的) cell cloning technique.This was done to improve the breeding efficiency of the species by cloning their highly productive individuals.The 3.　　　　　　(health) Tibetan sheep weighs 3.4 kilograms.So far,two cloned sheep 4.　　　　　　　　　　　(produce).  To produce 43 cloned embryos,the joint research team 5.　　　　　　　(careful) selected three excellent breeding adult male sheep and one adult female sheep of the breed of Oula sheep,including 6. adult male sheep weighing over 200 kilograms.After the cloned embryos were transplanted into the surrogate(代孕的) sheep,their pregnancy rate reached 58.1% 7.　　　　　　 first and 37.2% after 120 days.A group of lambs are expected 8.(be) born soon.  In the next step,with the 9.　　　　　　　(establish) technology system,the scientists will expand and promote the reproduction of the high-quality Tibetan sheep to promote 10.　　　　　　(employ) and incomes of farmers,according to experts from the animal disease prevention and control center in Xining.  参考答案 Ⅰ.1.clueless　2.emerging　3.evaluation　4.bonuses　5.to lend　6.to overcome　7.theoretical　8.coincidence　9.influential　10.grandly Ⅱ.1.All of a sudden　2.as a result of　3.At the beginning of　4.am proud of　5.pay attention to　6.with the help of　7.prevented;from　8.In spite of　9.a large number of　10.led to Ⅲ.1.to　2.under　3.In　4.on　5.for　6.At　7.of　8.on　9.by　10.in Ⅳ.1.not only happier but more active　2.As she got older and older　3.prefers to ride;rather than take a crowded bus　4.on the decline　5.In spite of the fact that Ⅴ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了南京大学考古文物系教授张良仁化身美食博主,边吃边与网友分享考古学知识。 1.A　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“His approach,combining culinary delights with fascinating historical insights,has taken China’s social media by storm,attracting a wide audience and gathering praise for its innovative method of storytelling.”可知,张教授的视频席卷了中国社交媒体,吸引了广大观众,并因其创新的叙事方式而备受赞誉。由此可推出,张教授的美食视频得到大多数人的支持。故选A项。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“What truly led him onto the path of a food vlogger was his passion for archaeology.”可知,真正让张教授走上美食博主之路的是他对考古的热情。故选C项。 3.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句“As for which places he prefers to visit for check-ins,Zhang Liangren states that he prefers shops with a certain level of fame,‘It must be down-to-earth,the kind of place that caters to the common people.’”可知,张教授会选择接地气且符合普通人胃口的店,他也会选择历史悠久、口碑良好的小摊或小店。故选D项。 4.B　推理判断题。根据第一段可知,张教授通过“吃播”向公众传授历史和考古知识,由此可知他富有创意;根据第四段可知,张教授很用心地挑选要去的店面,所以他十分敬业。故选B项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种新的视频模型Sora,它可以将文字转换为视觉质量良好的视频,同时忠实地遵循你的内容说明,文章讲述了这个视频模型的优势以及局限性。 5.C　段落大意题。根据第二段内容以及第三段中“Aside from this,its ability to present videos in a realistic and smooth manner is astonishing.”可知,这两段主要讲述Sora的能力。故选C项。 6.B　推理判断题。根据第五段中“However,the current model isn’t perfect...how one action leads to another.”以及接下来的例子“For example,if someone eats part of a cookie ...to describe events in the right order.”可推断,第五段中的例子是为了说明Sora的局限性。故选B项。 7.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,Sora仍处于测试开发阶段。OpenAI现在正在邀请网络安全专家对Sora的系统进行随机攻击,旨在测试该模型可能存在的弱点和风险。Sora也向一些视觉艺术家、设计师和电影制作人开放。他们的反馈将有助于OpenAI改进模型,更好地为创意专业人士服务。由此可知,Sora正在进行测试和改进。故选D项。 8.A　标题归纳题。根据第一段内容,并结合全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了一种新的视频模型Sora,它可以将文字转换为视觉质量良好的视频,同时忠实地遵循你的内容说明,文章讲述了这个视频模型的优势以及局限性。由此可知,A选项“Sora:引领视频创作”最适合作文章标题。故选A项。 Ⅵ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。麦克阿瑟从小凭借自己坚强的意志力和对航海的热爱,设立目标,逐步实现目标,把不可能变成了可能。 1.A　“It strikes/struck sb.that...”为固定句型,意为“某人突然想到某事”。故选A项。 2.C　根据前文“that opened up everything and made me feel the greatest sense of”可知,这一切让作者开阔了眼界,感受到最大的自由感。故选C项。 3.B　根据后文“a passion within MacArthur that she wanted to sail around the world”可知,这段经历点燃了麦克阿瑟内心想环游世界的激情。故选B项。 4.C　根据前文“she wanted to sail around the world”可知,麦克阿瑟想环游世界,在农村长大的她不知道如何实现这一目标。故选C项。 5.B　根据后文的“for years to seek her dream in sailing.Having merely potatoes and beans for daily meals for eight years,she 　　　could afford the right equipment.”可知,八年来,她每天只吃土豆和豆子,攒了几年的钱。故选B项。  6.D　根据前文“Having merely potatoes and beans for daily meals for eight years”可知,八年来,她每天只吃土豆和豆子,生活很艰苦,最后终于买得起合适的设备了。故选D项。 7.C　根据前文“could afford the right equipment”可知,她买得起合适的设备,这说明她实现了这些财务目标。故选C项。 8.B　根据前文“she wanted to sail around the world”可知,麦克阿瑟想乘船环游世界,所以询问有关航海的技术问题。故选B项。 9.A　根据前文的“By reaching such 　　　goals and asking technical questions about 　　　”可知,实现了这些财务目标,并且她还询问有关航海的技术问题,所以麦克阿瑟觉得她离自己的抱负越来越近了。故选A项。  10.A　根据前文“The impossible could be possible”和后文“high is not necessarily such a crazy thing to do”可知,不可能的事情可以成为可能,所以志存高远并不一定是一件疯狂的事情。aim high“设立远大的目标,立志高远”符合语境。故选A项。 11.B　根据前文“This experience 　　　a passion within MacArthur that she wanted to sail around the world.”以及空后“to become a navigator”可知,此处指麦克阿瑟想要成为一名航海家的抱负超出了她的预期。故选B项。  12.D　根据后文“media attention”可知,她的突出表现开始吸引媒体的关注。故选D项。 13.A　根据后文“more than 26,000 miles”可知,麦克阿瑟航行71天14小时,航程超过26,000多英里。cover走过(一段路程)。故选A项。 14.C　根据语境可知,虽然这一纪录已经被打破,但麦克阿瑟仍然被认为是英国最成功的离岸参赛者。故选C项。 15.D　根据前文“The impossible could be possible”以及空前“So when you know where you’re going,you can actually get there—even if”可知,即使看起来不可能到的地方,当你知道你要去哪里时,你就能到达那里。故选D项。 Ⅶ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。中国科学家在青海省成功克隆了世界上第一只藏羊,希望通过保存该物种的优秀个体来提高其繁殖效率。 1.hoping　考查非谓语动词。根据句子谓语动词have cloned可知,空处需填入非谓语动词作状语,hope与句子主语Chinese scientists之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,应用动词-ing形式hoping。故填hoping。 2.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格所在句子为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a cloned Tibetan sheep,先行词表物,且从句中缺少主语,应用关系代词which。故填which。 3.healthy　考查形容词。根据空后名词Tibetan sheep可知,空处需用形容词作定语。故填healthy。 4.have been produced　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语So far可知,句子应用现在完成时;句子主语two cloned sheep与produce之间构成动宾关系,应用被动语态;主语为two cloned sheep,助动词用have。故填have been produced。 5.carefully　考查副词。根据空后selected可知,空处需用副词修饰动词selected作状语。故填carefully。 6.an/one　考查冠词/数词。空处表泛指或数量上的“一只”,adult 以元音音素开头,可用不定冠词an,其前无特定限定词,也可用数词one表示“一只成年公羊”。故填an/one。 7.at　考查介词。at first为固定搭配,意为“起初,首先”。故填at。 8.to be　考查非谓语动词。be expected to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“被预计/期望做某事”,故空处应用动词不定式形式to be。故填to be。 9.established　考查非谓语动词。根据空后的technology system可知,空处应修饰technology system作定语,establish与technology system构成动宾关系,应用过去分词形式。故填established。 10.employment　考查名词。根据空后and incomes可知,空处填名词与incomes并列作promote的宾语。故填employment。 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $