Unit 5 Natural disasters 人与自然：自然灾害与防范（话题阅读精练）英语新教材沪教版五四制八年级下册

Unit 5 Natural disasters 人与自然：自然灾害与防范 话题阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 How to Prepare for Natural Disasters 阅读理解 说明文 约 180 介绍自然灾害前、中、后的安全防范方法，包括了解风险、准备应急包、冷静应对及灾后注意事项 模拟演练 Passage1 语法选择 说明文 约 160 阐述近年自然灾害更频繁严重，气候变化是主因，各国完善预警系统，强调提前准备可降低灾害影响 Passage2 阅读理解 应用文 约 150 呈现 5 位同学经历的洪水、地震、干旱、台风、野火等灾害，匹配对应避险建议 Passage3 阅读理解 应用文 约 140 介绍泰国普吉岛海啸、中国重庆暴雨、俄罗斯莫斯科暴风雪的预警信息与安全应对措施 Passage4 完形填空 记叙文 约 130 通过三个家庭应对台风的不同表现，体现提前准备的重要性及灾后互助场景 Passage5 任务型阅读 记叙文 约 200 讲述林先生夫妇遭遇地震后，组织 23 名游客团结协作，最终安全脱险的故事 Passage6 短文填空 说明文 约 190 介绍黄河概况、古今治理方法与现代保护措施，说明人与自然和谐共处的重要性 时文阅读 Staying Safe: How to Prepare for Natural Disasters Natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, and typhoons can happen suddenly, but we can protect ourselves with proper preparation. Knowing what to do before, during, and after a disaster is key to staying safe. First, learn about the natural hazards in your area. If you live near the coast, pay attention to typhoon warnings. If you’re in an earthquake zone, practice emergency drills at school or home. Second, prepare an emergency kit with water, food, a flashlight, and a first-aid box—these supplies can help you survive for days if you’re trapped. During a disaster, stay calm and follow instructions. If there’s an earthquake, hide under a strong table and avoid windows. If a flood is coming, move to higher ground quickly. After the disaster, be careful of broken glass and fallen power lines. Remember: teamwork is important—help others when you can, and don’t hesitate to ask for help. With science and preparation, we can reduce the harm of natural disasters. 【中文翻译】 《保持安全：如何防范自然灾害》 地震、洪水和台风等自然灾害可能突然发生，但通过适当的准备，我们可以保护自己。了解灾害发生前、发生时和发生后的应对方法是保持安全的关键。 首先，了解你所在地区的自然灾害风险。如果你住在海边，要关注台风预警。如果你处于地震带，要在学校或家中进行应急演练。其次，准备一个应急包，里面装上水、食物、手电筒和急救箱 —— 如果被困，这些物资可以帮助你存活数天。 灾害发生时，保持冷静并听从指示。如果发生地震，躲在坚固的桌子下，远离窗户。如果洪水即将来临，迅速转移到高处。灾害过后，小心碎玻璃和掉落的电线。记住：团队合作很重要 —— 尽你所能帮助他人，也不要犹豫寻求帮助。 借助科学和准备，我们可以减少自然灾害带来的伤害。 【长难句分析】 1.原句：Natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, and typhoons can happen suddenly, but we can protect ourselves with proper preparation. 结构解析：前半句主语是 “Natural disasters”，“like...” 举例说明灾害类型；后半句 “with proper preparation” 是介词短语作方式状语。 译文：地震、洪水和台风等自然灾害可能突然发生，但通过适当的准备，我们可以保护自己。 2.原句：Knowing what to do before, during, and after a disaster is key to staying safe. 结构解析：“Knowing...” 是动名词短语作主语，其中 “what to do” 是宾语从句的简化形式；“before, during, and after a disaster” 是时间状语；“key to doing sth.” 是固定搭配（做某事的关键）。 译文：了解灾害发生前、发生时和发生后的应对方法是保持安全的关键。 【重难词汇梳理】 词汇 词性 汉语翻译 disaster n. 灾难；灾害 earthquake n. 地震 flood n./v. 洪水；淹没 typhoon n. 台风 preparation n. 准备；预备 hazard n. 危害；风险 emergency drill n. 应急演练 kit n. 成套工具；应急包 flashlight n. 手电筒 trapped adj. 被困的 hesitate v. 犹豫；迟疑 Passage 1实战演练 Natural disasters 1 more frequent and severe in recent years around the world. Scientists believe that climate change 2 a major role in this worrying trend. Many countries now 3 better warning systems including advanced weather monitoring technology to protect people from potential dangers. When a disaster suddenly 4 , it is important to stay calm and avoid panic. People should immediately follow instructions 5 by local authorities through official channels. In some high-risk areas, schools regularly practise earthquake and fire drills so that students 6 exactly what to do when real emergencies occur, such as where to find safe shelter. We cannot prevent natural disasters from 7 completely, but we can definitely reduce their impact through adequate preparation. Making an emergency kit with essential supplies is much 8 than waiting until the last minute when stores may be closed. Remember, being prepared today 9 your life tomorrow and protects your loved ones. Let’s all learn 10 ready for unexpected events by creating family emergency plans and staying informed about local risks. 1．A．have become B．became C．are becoming 2．A．plays B．played C．playing 3．A．develop B．developed C．are developing 4．A．strikes B．struck C．will strike 5．A．give B．gave C．given 6．A．know B．knew C．will know 7．A．happen B．happening C．happened 8．A．good B．better C．best 9．A．saves B．save C．could save 10．A．be B．to be C．being Passage 2 配对阅读。左栏是5位同学分享的自然灾害相关情况，右栏是7条应对灾害的实用建议。请根据左栏描述，为每位同学匹配最合适的建议，并将答题卡对应题目的选项涂黑。 1 Li Hua (Beijing Flash Floods) In late July last year, heavy rains caused sudden floods in Beijing. Over 40 people lost their lives, and tens of thousands of people had to leave their homes quickly. 2 Mike (Tibet Earthquake) On January 7, a strong 6.8 earthquake shook Dingri, Tibet. The cold winter made it worse: many homes broke down and people lost their lives in the sudden shaking. 3 Lina (South China Drought) From January to May 2025, Jiangsu and Guangxi got almost no rain for months. Plants on the farms died, and the ground became hard—farmers found it difficult to grow food. 4 Wang Tao (Typhoon Fenghuang) In Philippines, Nov. 2025, this powerful typhoon hit with strong winds and floods. Over 3.59 million people lost their homes because winds and floods swept away small houses and roads. 5 Emma (Washington Lower Sugar-loaf Fire) A wildfire has been burning in Washington since Sept. 25. It’s still going on, and the government called for emergency help on Sept. 26. A．Rush to open places (like playgrounds) right away. Never hide near tall buildings or walls when the ground shakes. B．When heavy snow hits, stay indoors as much as possible. Don’t walk in deep snow alone. C． When floods come, move to higher places right away. Never walk or play in fast-moving water. D．Learn disaster safety tips at school. Practice how to leave quickly with your classmates again and again. E. Save water every day. Turn off the tap when you wash your hands and use a small cup instead of letting the water run. Give plants only a little water each time to keep them alive. F. Go to safe places before the typhoon comes. Close all doors and windows well to keep strong winds out. G. Keep a small emergency bag at home or school. Put a bottle of water and some snacks in it. If a fire happens, you can take it quickly and leave the area at once. Passage 3 Phuket, Thailand A tsunami may come soon. It is from a strong undersea earthquake. The waves can be very high and hurt people. If you are near the sea, go to high ground at once. Don’t stay in low places. Watch the local news for updates. Chongqing, China Heavy rain will come at 4:00 p.m. It will last over 8 hours. It may make low places full of water and cause traffic problems. Please stay at home if you can. If you have to go out, look out for falling things. Drivers should drive slowly. Moscow, Russia A snowstorm is coming at 6:00 p.m. It will bring strong wind and heavy snow. Snow can be 20-40 cm thick. Roads will be icy and hard to drive on. Please stay indoors and keep warm. If you are driving, stop in a safe place and wait. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What causes the tsunami in Phuket? A．Heavy rain. B．Undersea earthquake. C．Strong wind. D．Thick snow. 2．When will the heavy rain start in Chongqing? A．At 4:00 a.m. B．At 4:00 p.m. C．At 6:00 a.m. D．At 6:00 p.m. 3．What should drivers do in Moscow during the snowstorm? A．Drive fast. B．Keep going. C．Stop and wait safely. D．Call friends for help. 4．Which place doesn’t talk about traffic problems? A．Phuket. B．Chongqing. C．Moscow. D．None of them. 5．What’s the main purpose of the passage? A．To tell people how to keep safe in disasters. B．To show different places around the world. C．To teach drivers to drive carefully. D．To tell people to watch TV news. Passage 4 Natural disasters like typhoons and earthquakes affect our lives a lot. When a typhoon hits, strong winds and heavy rain come suddenly. Lisa’s family was driving home 1 the strong winds started. They almost got into an accident. When they got home, water was everywhere. Haitao’s family was better prepared. They covered windows and moved things off the floor 2 the typhoon came. They stored food and water too. When Jenny looked up, thick clouds 3 forming, and the rain 4 beating against the roof. The family ran to the safe room. 5 they were waiting, her sister cried. Dad told her they were like a lion hiding. Soon she laughed again. After the storm, people were asking about safety 6 others were clearing streets. 1．A．when B．while C．because D．so that 2．A．when B．after C．before D．while 3．A．is B．was C．are D．were 4．A．is B．were C．are D．was 5．A．Because B．When C．While D．So that 6．A．while B．when C．because D．so that Passage 5 It was a terrible day for Mr and Mrs Lin. The two were on holiday in the mountains. They were taking a walk in the early afternoon when the ground started to shake. In just two minutes, everything was different! They were in the middle of a very strong earthquake! Mr and Mrs Lin tried to find some other people first. One by one, they found 23 other people. Many were visitors, young and old. Soon it was dark and it started to rain heavily. Some cried and some lost hope. At that point, Mr Lin decided to do something. He said, “The roads are too dangerous. We can’t go down the mountain until tomorrow. We must stay here tonight.” Then Mr Lin and a few young men went back to look for food. They found some, but not enough for everyone. The young people gave theirs to the older ones. After that, Mr Lin divided the people into five groups. He also distributed (分配) all the mobile phones and made sure each group had one. They used them as flashlights. Early the next morning the groups started to go down the mountain. It was difficult, but the group members helped and cared for each other after twelve hours’ walking, they finally got out safely. By then it was 30 hours after the earthquake. Everyone was tired but they felt lucky because they were part of a special team. This special team gave them hope for surviving. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．When did the earthquake happen? 2．How many people were there in the special team? 3．What does the underlined word “theirs” refer to? 4．How many groups did Mr Lin divide these people into? 5．What do you learn from this passage? Passage 6 The Yellow River is the second-longest river in China. It is known 1 the mother river of the Chinese. It 2 (start) in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. It runs through nine provinces before 3 (enter) the sea. In ancient times, the river 4 (bring) both life and problems. In flood seasons, it often broke 5 (it) banks, while in dry seasons, it sometimes dried up, affecting farming. So people started to find ways to manage it. Yu the Great, instead of blocking floods, dug canal (运河) to guide water away. Later, embankments (堤坝) were built to control the flow. During the Ming Dynasty, Pan Jixun used narrower embankments to wash away sediment (泥沙) 6 (quick)． In modern times, water projects have been built to store water 7 produce electricity. Environmental protection has also been strengthened, such as planting 8 (tree) to reduce soil loss. For over twenty years, the Yellow River has not dried up, and some fish have returned. The story of the Yellow River teaches us the 9 (important) of living in peace with nature. It shows how people can 10 problems with wisdom and hard work. Today, we must continue to protect this great river for the future. 2 / 13 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Natural disasters 人与自然：自然灾害与防范 话题阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 How to Prepare for Natural Disasters 阅读理解 说明文 约 180 介绍自然灾害前、中、后的安全防范方法，包括了解风险、准备应急包、冷静应对及灾后注意事项 模拟演练 Passage1 语法选择 说明文 约 160 阐述近年自然灾害更频繁严重，气候变化是主因，各国完善预警系统，强调提前准备可降低灾害影响 Passage2 阅读理解 应用文 约 150 呈现 5 位同学经历的洪水、地震、干旱、台风、野火等灾害，匹配对应避险建议 Passage3 阅读理解 应用文 约 140 介绍泰国普吉岛海啸、中国重庆暴雨、俄罗斯莫斯科暴风雪的预警信息与安全应对措施 Passage4 完形填空 记叙文 约 130 通过三个家庭应对台风的不同表现，体现提前准备的重要性及灾后互助场景 Passage5 任务型阅读 记叙文 约 200 讲述林先生夫妇遭遇地震后，组织 23 名游客团结协作，最终安全脱险的故事 Passage6 短文填空 说明文 约 190 介绍黄河概况、古今治理方法与现代保护措施，说明人与自然和谐共处的重要性 时文阅读 Staying Safe: How to Prepare for Natural Disasters Natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, and typhoons can happen suddenly, but we can protect ourselves with proper preparation. Knowing what to do before, during, and after a disaster is key to staying safe. First, learn about the natural hazards in your area. If you live near the coast, pay attention to typhoon warnings. If you’re in an earthquake zone, practice emergency drills at school or home. Second, prepare an emergency kit with water, food, a flashlight, and a first-aid box—these supplies can help you survive for days if you’re trapped. During a disaster, stay calm and follow instructions. If there’s an earthquake, hide under a strong table and avoid windows. If a flood is coming, move to higher ground quickly. After the disaster, be careful of broken glass and fallen power lines. Remember: teamwork is important—help others when you can, and don’t hesitate to ask for help. With science and preparation, we can reduce the harm of natural disasters. 【中文翻译】 《保持安全：如何防范自然灾害》 地震、洪水和台风等自然灾害可能突然发生，但通过适当的准备，我们可以保护自己。了解灾害发生前、发生时和发生后的应对方法是保持安全的关键。 首先，了解你所在地区的自然灾害风险。如果你住在海边，要关注台风预警。如果你处于地震带，要在学校或家中进行应急演练。其次，准备一个应急包，里面装上水、食物、手电筒和急救箱 —— 如果被困，这些物资可以帮助你存活数天。 灾害发生时，保持冷静并听从指示。如果发生地震，躲在坚固的桌子下，远离窗户。如果洪水即将来临，迅速转移到高处。灾害过后，小心碎玻璃和掉落的电线。记住：团队合作很重要 —— 尽你所能帮助他人，也不要犹豫寻求帮助。 借助科学和准备，我们可以减少自然灾害带来的伤害。 【长难句分析】 1.原句：Natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, and typhoons can happen suddenly, but we can protect ourselves with proper preparation. 结构解析：前半句主语是 “Natural disasters”，“like...” 举例说明灾害类型；后半句 “with proper preparation” 是介词短语作方式状语。 译文：地震、洪水和台风等自然灾害可能突然发生，但通过适当的准备，我们可以保护自己。 2.原句：Knowing what to do before, during, and after a disaster is key to staying safe. 结构解析：“Knowing...” 是动名词短语作主语，其中 “what to do” 是宾语从句的简化形式；“before, during, and after a disaster” 是时间状语；“key to doing sth.” 是固定搭配（做某事的关键）。 译文：了解灾害发生前、发生时和发生后的应对方法是保持安全的关键。 【重难词汇梳理】 词汇 词性 汉语翻译 disaster n. 灾难；灾害 earthquake n. 地震 flood n./v. 洪水；淹没 typhoon n. 台风 preparation n. 准备；预备 hazard n. 危害；风险 emergency drill n. 应急演练 kit n. 成套工具；应急包 flashlight n. 手电筒 trapped adj. 被困的 hesitate v. 犹豫；迟疑 Passage 1实战演练 Natural disasters 1 more frequent and severe in recent years around the world. Scientists believe that climate change 2 a major role in this worrying trend. Many countries now 3 better warning systems including advanced weather monitoring technology to protect people from potential dangers. When a disaster suddenly 4 , it is important to stay calm and avoid panic. People should immediately follow instructions 5 by local authorities through official channels. In some high-risk areas, schools regularly practise earthquake and fire drills so that students 6 exactly what to do when real emergencies occur, such as where to find safe shelter. We cannot prevent natural disasters from 7 completely, but we can definitely reduce their impact through adequate preparation. Making an emergency kit with essential supplies is much 8 than waiting until the last minute when stores may be closed. Remember, being prepared today 9 your life tomorrow and protects your loved ones. Let’s all learn 10 ready for unexpected events by creating family emergency plans and staying informed about local risks. 1．A．have become B．became C．are becoming 2．A．plays B．played C．playing 3．A．develop B．developed C．are developing 4．A．strikes B．struck C．will strike 5．A．give B．gave C．given 6．A．know B．knew C．will know 7．A．happen B．happening C．happened 8．A．good B．better C．best 9．A．saves B．save C．could save 10．A．be B．to be C．being 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文讲述近年来自然灾害愈发频繁，各国正完善预警系统，并强调人们应通过充分准备来降低灾害影响的故事。 1．句意：近年来，世界各地的自然灾害变得更加频繁和严重。 in recent years是现在完成时的标志，强调从过去到现在的变化，应用have become。became是一般过去时，are becoming是现在进行时，均不符合语境。 2．句意：科学家认为气候变化在这一令人担忧的趋势中扮演着重要角色。 主语climate change是单数，句子表达客观事实，应用一般现在时plays。played是一般过去时，playing不能单独作谓语，均不符。 3．句意：许多国家现在正在开发更好的预警系统，包括先进的天气监测技术，以保护人们免受潜在危险。 now体现“现阶段正在进行”的动作，应用现在进行时are developing。develop是一般现在时，developed是一般过去时，均不能体现“正在进行”的含义。 4．句意：当灾难突然来袭时，保持冷静、避免恐慌很重要。 时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，应用strikes。struck是一般过去时，will strike是一般将来时，均不符合语法规则。 5．句意：人们应立即遵循地方当局通过官方渠道发布的指示。 instructions和give是被动关系，需用过去分词given作后置定语，表示“被给出的指示”。give和gave不能体现被动含义，均不符。 6．句意：在一些高风险地区，学校定期进行地震和消防演练，以便学生在真正的紧急情况发生时确切知道该做什么。 so that引导目的状语从句，主句为一般现在时，从句用一般现在时know表“具备的能力”，比将来时更贴合语境。knew是一般过去时，will know是一般将来时，均不如know贴切。 7．句意：我们无法完全阻止自然灾害发生，但我们肯定可以通过充分准备来减少其影响。 固定搭配prevent...from doing sth.表示“阻止……做某事”，应用动名词happening。happen和happened不能跟在from后，均不符。 8．句意：准备一个包含基本物资的应急包，比等到最后一刻商店可能关门时再准备要好得多。 much后接比较级，且有than表对比，应用better。good是原级，best是最高级，均不符合比较语境。 9．句意：记住，今天做好准备会拯救你明天的生命，并保护你所爱的人。 动名词短语being prepared today作主语，谓语动词用单数，应用saves。save是原形，could save是过去将来时，均不符。 10．句意：让我们都通过制定家庭应急计划和了解当地风险，来学习为意外事件做好准备。 固定搭配learn to do sth.表示“学习做某事”，应用不定式to be。be和being不能跟在learn后，均不符。 Passage 2 配对阅读。左栏是5位同学分享的自然灾害相关情况，右栏是7条应对灾害的实用建议。请根据左栏描述，为每位同学匹配最合适的建议，并将答题卡对应题目的选项涂黑。 1 Li Hua (Beijing Flash Floods) In late July last year, heavy rains caused sudden floods in Beijing. Over 40 people lost their lives, and tens of thousands of people had to leave their homes quickly. 2 Mike (Tibet Earthquake) On January 7, a strong 6.8 earthquake shook Dingri, Tibet. The cold winter made it worse: many homes broke down and people lost their lives in the sudden shaking. 3 Lina (South China Drought) From January to May 2025, Jiangsu and Guangxi got almost no rain for months. Plants on the farms died, and the ground became hard—farmers found it difficult to grow food. 4 Wang Tao (Typhoon Fenghuang) In Philippines, Nov. 2025, this powerful typhoon hit with strong winds and floods. Over 3.59 million people lost their homes because winds and floods swept away small houses and roads. 5 Emma (Washington Lower Sugar-loaf Fire) A wildfire has been burning in Washington since Sept. 25. It’s still going on, and the government called for emergency help on Sept. 26. A．Rush to open places (like playgrounds) right away. Never hide near tall buildings or walls when the ground shakes. B．When heavy snow hits, stay indoors as much as possible. Don’t walk in deep snow alone. C． When floods come, move to higher places right away. Never walk or play in fast-moving water. D．Learn disaster safety tips at school. Practice how to leave quickly with your classmates again and again. E. Save water every day. Turn off the tap when you wash your hands and use a small cup instead of letting the water run. Give plants only a little water each time to keep them alive. F. Go to safe places before the typhoon comes. Close all doors and windows well to keep strong winds out. G. Keep a small emergency bag at home or school. Put a bottle of water and some snacks in it. If a fire happens, you can take it quickly and leave the area at once. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．E 4．F 5．G 【导语】本文介绍5位同学分享的自然灾害情况，为每位同学匹配了对应的灾害避险措施。 1．根据Li Hua“In late July last year, heavy rains caused sudden floods in Beijing. Over 40 people lost their lives, and tens of thousands of people had to leave their homes quickly.”可知，去年七月下旬，大雨引发了北京的突发洪灾。超过40人丧失了他们的生命，数以万计的人不得不迅速离开他们的家。选项C“当洪水来临时，要立即转移到地势较高的地方。切勿在湍急的水流中行走或玩耍。”与之匹配。故选C。 2．根据Mike“On January 7, a strong 6.8 earthquake shook Dingri, Tibet. The cold winter made it worse: many homes broke down and people lost their lives in the sudden shaking.”可知，1月7日，一场6.8 级的强烈地震袭击了西藏的定日地区。寒冷的冬季使得情况更加糟糕：许多房屋倒塌，人们在突如其来的震动中丧失了他们的生命。选项A“立即前往开阔地带(比如操场)。当地面发生震动时，不要躲在高楼或墙壁附近。”与之匹配。故选A。 3．根据Lina“From January to May 2025, Jiangsu and Guangxi got almost no rain for months. Plants on the farms died, and the ground became hard—farmers found it difficult to grow food.”可知，2025年1月至5月期间，江苏和广西连续几个月未降雨。农田里的作物死了，土地变得坚硬——农民们发现很难种植粮食。选项E“每天都要节约用水。洗手时要关掉水龙头，使用小杯子而不要让水一直流着。每次给植物浇水时只浇少量，以保持它们活着。”与之匹配。故选E。 4．根据Wang Tao“In Philippines, Nov. 2025, this powerful typhoon hit with strong winds and floods. Over 3.59 million people lost their homes because winds and floods swept away small houses and roads.”可知，在菲律宾，2025年11月，这场威力巨大的台风带来了强风和洪水。超过 359 万人失去了他们的家园，因为狂风和洪水冲毁了小的房屋和道路。选项F“在台风来临之前，要前往安全的地方。关好所有门窗，把强风挡在外面。”与之匹配。故选F。 5．根据Emma“A wildfire has been burning in Washington since Sept. 25. It’s still going on, and the government called for emergency help on Sept. 26.”可知，自9月25日以来，华盛顿地区一直有野火在燃烧。目前火势仍在继续，政府于9月26日呼吁紧急救援。选项G“在家里或学校准备一个小应急包。在里面放一瓶水和一些零食。如果发生火灾，你可以迅速取出应急包并立即离开现场。”与之匹配。故选G。 Passage 3 Phuket, Thailand A tsunami may come soon. It is from a strong undersea earthquake. The waves can be very high and hurt people. If you are near the sea, go to high ground at once. Don’t stay in low places. Watch the local news for updates. Chongqing, China Heavy rain will come at 4:00 p.m. It will last over 8 hours. It may make low places full of water and cause traffic problems. Please stay at home if you can. If you have to go out, look out for falling things. Drivers should drive slowly. Moscow, Russia A snowstorm is coming at 6:00 p.m. It will bring strong wind and heavy snow. Snow can be 20-40 cm thick. Roads will be icy and hard to drive on. Please stay indoors and keep warm. If you are driving, stop in a safe place and wait. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What causes the tsunami in Phuket? A．Heavy rain. B．Undersea earthquake. C．Strong wind. D．Thick snow. 2．When will the heavy rain start in Chongqing? A．At 4:00 a.m. B．At 4:00 p.m. C．At 6:00 a.m. D．At 6:00 p.m. 3．What should drivers do in Moscow during the snowstorm? A．Drive fast. B．Keep going. C．Stop and wait safely. D．Call friends for help. 4．Which place doesn’t talk about traffic problems? A．Phuket. B．Chongqing. C．Moscow. D．None of them. 5．What’s the main purpose of the passage? A．To tell people how to keep safe in disasters. B．To show different places around the world. C．To teach drivers to drive carefully. D．To tell people to watch TV news. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲述了泰国普吉岛、中国重庆、俄罗斯莫斯科三个地方即将面临的自然灾害情况，包括海啸、暴雨、暴风雪，并针对不同灾害给出了相应的安全建议。 1．第一段指出原因：“It is from a strong undersea earthquake.”，这直接说明普吉岛的海啸是由强烈海底地震引起的。 2．第二段说明时间：“Heavy rain will come at 4:00 p.m.”，这直接表明重庆的暴雨将在下午4点开始。 3．第三段说明做法：“If you are driving, stop in a safe place and wait.”，这直接说明在莫斯科暴风雪期间，司机应该把车停在安全的地方等待。 4．第一段描述普吉岛海啸情况，未提及交通问题；第二段描述重庆暴雨情况，提到“It may make low places full of water and cause traffic problems.”；第三段描述莫斯科暴风雪情况，提到“Roads will be icy and hard to drive on.”。所以未提及交通问题的是普吉岛。 5．最后一段总结全文，文章分别针对普吉岛的海啸、重庆的暴雨、莫斯科的暴风雪给出了相应的安全建议，所以文章主要目的是告诉人们在灾害中如何保证安全。 Passage 4 Natural disasters like typhoons and earthquakes affect our lives a lot. When a typhoon hits, strong winds and heavy rain come suddenly. Lisa’s family was driving home 1 the strong winds started. They almost got into an accident. When they got home, water was everywhere. Haitao’s family was better prepared. They covered windows and moved things off the floor 2 the typhoon came. They stored food and water too. When Jenny looked up, thick clouds 3 forming, and the rain 4 beating against the roof. The family ran to the safe room. 5 they were waiting, her sister cried. Dad told her they were like a lion hiding. Soon she laughed again. After the storm, people were asking about safety 6 others were clearing streets. 1．A．when B．while C．because D．so that 2．A．when B．after C．before D．while 3．A．is B．was C．are D．were 4．A．is B．were C．are D．was 5．A．Because B．When C．While D．So that 6．A．while B．when C．because D．so that 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．C 6．A 【导语】本文通过三个家庭的经历，介绍了台风来临时不同应对方式以及台风过后的互助场景。 1．句意：Lisa一家正在开车回家，这时强风开始刮起。 主句动作“were driving”正在进行，从句动作“started”突然发生，应用when“这时”表示一个动作正在进行时另一个动作突然发生。while“当……时”强调两个动作同时进行，because“因为”表原因，so that“以便”表目的，均不符。 2．句意：台风来临前，他们盖好窗户，把东西从地上搬走。 根据动作发生的顺序，覆盖窗户和搬走物品发生在台风“之前”，before“在……之前”符合。when“当……时”、after“在……之后”、while“当……时”与准备工作的先后顺序不符。 3．句意：当Jenny抬头看时，厚厚的云层正在形成，雨正在敲打着屋顶。 主语thick clouds为复数，且描述过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时were forming，were符合。is、was、are与主谓一致或时态不符。 4．句意：当Jenny抬头看时，厚厚的云层正在形成，雨正在敲打着屋顶。 主语the rain为第三人称单数，且描述过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时was beating，was符合。is、were、are与主谓一致或时态不符。 5．句意：当他们在等待时，她的妹妹哭了。 空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，且强调动作同时进行，应用While“当……时”。Because“因为”表原因，When“当……时”也表时间但侧重动作先后，So that“以便”表目的，while更强调两个动作同时发生。 6．句意：暴风雨过后，人们在询问安全问题，而其他人则在清理街道。 前后句为并列对比关系，表示一部分人在做一件事，“而”另一部分人在做另一件事，应用while“而，然而”。when“当……时”、because“因为”、so that“以便”，均不能表示对比关系。 Passage 5 It was a terrible day for Mr and Mrs Lin. The two were on holiday in the mountains. They were taking a walk in the early afternoon when the ground started to shake. In just two minutes, everything was different! They were in the middle of a very strong earthquake! Mr and Mrs Lin tried to find some other people first. One by one, they found 23 other people. Many were visitors, young and old. Soon it was dark and it started to rain heavily. Some cried and some lost hope. At that point, Mr Lin decided to do something. He said, “The roads are too dangerous. We can’t go down the mountain until tomorrow. We must stay here tonight.” Then Mr Lin and a few young men went back to look for food. They found some, but not enough for everyone. The young people gave theirs to the older ones. After that, Mr Lin divided the people into five groups. He also distributed (分配) all the mobile phones and made sure each group had one. They used them as flashlights. Early the next morning the groups started to go down the mountain. It was difficult, but the group members helped and cared for each other after twelve hours’ walking, they finally got out safely. By then it was 30 hours after the earthquake. Everyone was tired but they felt lucky because they were part of a special team. This special team gave them hope for surviving. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．When did the earthquake happen? 2．How many people were there in the special team? 3．What does the underlined word “theirs” refer to? 4．How many groups did Mr Lin divide these people into? 5．What do you learn from this passage? 【答案】1．In the early afternoon. 2．25. 3．Their food. 4．Five (groups). 5．The spirit of teamwork plays an important role. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了林先生夫妇在山中度假时遭遇地震，带领23名游客组成团队，在困境中互相帮助、团结协作，最终成功脱险的故事，传递了团结与希望的力量。 1．根据“They were taking a walk in the early afternoon when the ground started to shake.”可知，地震发生在下午早些时候。故填In the early afternoon. 2．根据“Mr and Mrs Lin tried to find some other people first. One by one, they found 23 other people.”可知，团队总人数为林夫妇2人加上23名其他人，即2+23=25人。故填25. 3．根据“Then Mr Lin and a few young men went back to look for food. They found some, but not enough for everyone. The young people gave theirs to the older ones.”可知，“theirs”指代的是年轻人找到的食物。故填Their food. 4．根据“After that, Mr Lin divided the people into five groups.”可知，林先生将这些人分成了五组。故填Five (groups). 5．本题为开放性问题，答案不唯一，可从团结互助、保持希望、冷静应对困境等角度作答。故填The spirit of teamwork plays an important role. Passage 6 The Yellow River is the second-longest river in China. It is known 1 the mother river of the Chinese. It 2 (start) in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. It runs through nine provinces before 3 (enter) the sea. In ancient times, the river 4 (bring) both life and problems. In flood seasons, it often broke 5 (it) banks, while in dry seasons, it sometimes dried up, affecting farming. So people started to find ways to manage it. Yu the Great, instead of blocking floods, dug canal (运河) to guide water away. Later, embankments (堤坝) were built to control the flow. During the Ming Dynasty, Pan Jixun used narrower embankments to wash away sediment (泥沙) 6 (quick)． In modern times, water projects have been built to store water 7 produce electricity. Environmental protection has also been strengthened, such as planting 8 (tree) to reduce soil loss. For over twenty years, the Yellow River has not dried up, and some fish have returned. The story of the Yellow River teaches us the 9 (important) of living in peace with nature. It shows how people can 10 problems with wisdom and hard work. Today, we must continue to protect this great river for the future. 【答案】 1．as 2．starts 3．entering 4．brought 5．its 6．quickly 7．and 8．trees 9．importance 10．solve 【导语】本文通过黄河的历史变迁与治理过程，说明人类应当与自然和谐共处，并依靠智慧和努力应对自然挑战，同时强调了保护黄河对于未来的重要性。 1．句意：它被誉为中华民族的母亲河。根据空格前“is known”和空格后“the mother river”可知，此处考查固定搭配be known as...“作为......而闻名”，故填介词as。 2．句意：它发源于青藏高原。空格处在句子中作谓语动词，且根据前文可知时态用一般现在时，主语it为第三人称单数。故填starts。 3．句意：它流经九个省份，然后注入大海。空格前有介词before，后接v-ing。故填entering。 4．句意：在古代，这条河既带来了生命，也带来了问题。空格前the river为句子中主语，空格处在句子中作谓语动词。根据时间状语“In ancient times”可知，时态需用一般过去时，bring的过去式为brought。 5．句意：在洪水季节，它经常决口；而在干旱季节，它有时又会干涸，影响农业生产。空格后有名词“banks”，前可用形容词性物主代词，it的形容词性物主代词为its。 6．句意：在明朝，潘季驯使用较窄的堤坝来快速冲走泥沙。空格前有动词短语“wash away sediment”，空格处可用副词，quick的副词为quickly。 7．句意：在现代，人们修建了水利工程来蓄水和发电。空格前后短语“store water”和“produce electricity”形式一致，中间可用and表示并列。 8．句意：环境保护也得到了加强，例如通过植树来减少水土流失。空格前有动名词planting，后需接名词作宾语，tree为可数名词单数，空格前无限定词，故空格处需填写名词复数形式。故填trees。 9．句意：黄河的故事教会了我们与自然和平共处的重要性。根据空格前后“the”和“of”可知，此处考查结构the+名词+of...，important的名词为importance。 10．句意：它展示了人们如何能够凭借智慧和努力来解决问题。根据空格后“with wisdom and hard work”及“problems”可知，此处考查动词短语solve problems“解决问题”。空格前有情态动词can，后用动词原形。故填solve。 2 / 13 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $