Unit 5 Natural disasters单元话题练（语法选择+阅读+完形+选词填空+写作）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下学期单元重难点易错题精练（沪教版（五四学制））

**基本信息** 初中英语单元复习专项训练，围绕"Natural disasters"主题，整合多元题型系统训练语言能力，培养灾害防范意识与跨文化理解。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法选择|3篇短文30题|考查时态、语态等语法知识|从基础语法到语境应用，层层递进| |完形填空|2篇短文16题|考查词汇辨析和上下文理解|围绕自然灾害主题，培养逻辑思维| |阅读理解|4篇短文20题|考查信息获取和推理判断|从灾害成因、危害到应对措施，形成知识体系| |任务型阅读|2篇短文9题+1写作|考查信息筛选和书面表达|阅读与写作结合，培养综合语言运用能力| |选词填空|2篇短文8题|考查词汇辨析和语境运用|围绕极端天气，强化核心词汇应用| |书面表达|2题|考查语言组织和表达|结合个人经历，提升语言输出能力|

Unit 5 Natural disasters单元话题练 （语法选择+阅读+完形+选词填空+写作） 一、语法选择 Natural disasters 1 more frequent and severe in recent years around the world. Scientists believe that climate change 2 a major role in this worrying trend. Many countries now 3 better warning systems including advanced weather monitoring technology to protect people from potential dangers. When a disaster suddenly 4 , it is important to stay calm and avoid panic. People should immediately follow instructions 5 by local authorities through official channels. In some high-risk areas, schools regularly practise earthquake and fire drills so that students 6 exactly what to do when real emergencies occur, such as where to find safe shelter. We cannot prevent natural disasters from 7 completely, but we can definitely reduce their impact through adequate preparation. Making an emergency kit with essential supplies is much 8 than waiting until the last minute when stores may be closed. Remember, being prepared today 9 your life tomorrow and protects your loved ones. Let’s all learn 10 ready for unexpected events by creating family emergency plans and staying informed about local risks. 1．A．have become B．became C．are becoming 2．A．plays B．played C．playing 3．A．develop B．developed C．are developing 4．A．strikes B．struck C．will strike 5．A．give B．gave C．given 6．A．know B．knew C．will know 7．A．happen B．happening C．happened 8．A．good B．better C．best 9．A．saves B．save C．could save 10．A．be B．to be C．being 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文讲述近年来自然灾害愈发频繁，各国正完善预警系统，并强调人们应通过充分准备来降低灾害影响的故事。 1．句意：近年来，世界各地的自然灾害变得更加频繁和严重。 in recent years是现在完成时的标志，强调从过去到现在的变化，应用have become。became是一般过去时，are becoming是现在进行时，均不符合语境。 2．句意：科学家认为气候变化在这一令人担忧的趋势中扮演着重要角色。 主语climate change是单数，句子表达客观事实，应用一般现在时plays。played是一般过去时，playing不能单独作谓语，均不符。 3．句意：许多国家现在正在开发更好的预警系统，包括先进的天气监测技术，以保护人们免受潜在危险。 now体现“现阶段正在进行”的动作，应用现在进行时are developing。develop是一般现在时，developed是一般过去时，均不能体现“正在进行”的含义。 4．句意：当灾难突然来袭时，保持冷静、避免恐慌很重要。 时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，应用strikes。struck是一般过去时，will strike是一般将来时，均不符合语法规则。 5．句意：人们应立即遵循地方当局通过官方渠道发布的指示。 instructions和give是被动关系，需用过去分词given作后置定语，表示“被给出的指示”。give和gave不能体现被动含义，均不符。 6．句意：在一些高风险地区，学校定期进行地震和消防演练，以便学生在真正的紧急情况发生时确切知道该做什么。 so that引导目的状语从句，主句为一般现在时，从句用一般现在时know表“具备的能力”，比将来时更贴合语境。knew是一般过去时，will know是一般将来时，均不如know贴切。 7．句意：我们无法完全阻止自然灾害发生，但我们肯定可以通过充分准备来减少其影响。 固定搭配prevent...from doing sth.表示“阻止……做某事”，应用动名词happening。happen和happened不能跟在from后，均不符。 8．句意：准备一个包含基本物资的应急包，比等到最后一刻商店可能关门时再准备要好得多。 much后接比较级，且有than表对比，应用better。good是原级，best是最高级，均不符合比较语境。 9．句意：记住，今天做好准备会拯救你明天的生命，并保护你所爱的人。 动名词短语being prepared today作主语，谓语动词用单数，应用saves。save是原形，could save是过去将来时，均不符。 10．句意：让我们都通过制定家庭应急计划和了解当地风险，来学习为意外事件做好准备。 固定搭配learn to do sth.表示“学习做某事”，应用不定式to be。be和being不能跟在learn后，均不符。 Forest Fires: Danger and Prevention Forests are often called the “lungs of the Earth”. They provide us with fresh air and homes for animals. However, every year, huge areas of green forest turn into black ash. Forest fires are one of 1 disasters. While lightning can start a fire, most wildfires are caused by humans. A small spark can cause a huge disaster. For example, a cigarette thrown out of a car window or a campfire left 2 can destroy thousands of trees. 3 a fire spreads, it moves very fast. Animals have to run for their lives, but many cannot escape. It is a sad scene 4 . We must learn how to prevent this. First, never play with matches or lighters in the woods. Second, if you see smoke, call the fire department immediately. Firefighters are brave people 5 risk their lives to save nature. They often work for days without rest to stop the flames. Last summer, a fire broke out near my town. The sky turned orange, and the air was full of smoke. I felt 6 because the fire was getting closer to our house. Luckily, the wind changed direction, and rain started to fall. The rain helped put out the fire. Since then, I 7 more careful about fire safety. Protecting the forest is protecting 8 . We should follow the rules when we go camping. 9 rubbish, especially glass bottles, in the forest is dangerous because glass can focus sunlight and start a fire. 10 everyone follows the rules, our forests will stay green and safe. 1．A．terrible B．more terrible C．the most terrible 2．A．to burn B．burnt C．burning 3．A．Once B．Before C．Unless 4．A．see B．to see C．seeing 5．A．who B．which C．whom 6．A．to scare B．scaring C．scared 7．A．become B．have become C．became 8．A．us B．our C．ourselves 9．A．Leave B．Leaving C．Left 10．A．If B．Although C．But 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文讲述了森林火灾的危害及预防措施，强调人类活动是主要诱因，呼吁遵守防火规则保护森林。 1．句意：森林火灾是最可怕的灾难之一。 terrible可怕的，原级；more terrible更可怕的，比较级；the most terrible最可怕的，最高级。固定搭配“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”表示“最……的……之一”，故选C。 2．句意：例如，从车窗扔出的香烟或者未熄灭的篝火就可能毁掉成千上万的树木。 to burn不定式；burnt过去分词；burning现在分词或动名词。此处现在分词表示主动含义，火是自行燃烧的，故选C。 3．句意：一旦火灾蔓延开来，它会迅速扩散。 Once一旦；Before在……之前；Unless除非。根据“a fire spreads, it moves very fast.”可知，火一旦蔓延，就会迅速扩散，故选A。 4．句意：这是令人痛心的场景。 see动词原形；to see不定式；seeing动名词或现在分词。此处是不定式作后置定语，修饰scene，故选B。 5．句意：消防员是勇敢的人，他们冒着生命危险去拯救大自然。 who指代人；which指代物；whom指代人，且只能作宾语。此处是定语从句的关系代词，先行词是people，且在从句中作主语，用who，故选A。 6．句意：我感到非常害怕，因为火势正逼近我们的房子。 to scare使害怕，不定式；scaring令人害怕的，形容词；scared感到害怕的，形容词。此处是形容词作表语，且描述人的主观感受，用scared，故选C。 7．句意：从那以后，我更加注意防火安全了。 become一般现在时；have become现在完成时；became一般过去时。根据时间状语“Since then”可知需用现在完成时，故选B。 8．句意：保护森林就是保护我们自己。 us我们，宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ourselves我们自己，反身代词。根据“ Protecting the forest is protecting”可知，强调保护“自身”，用反身代词，故选C。 9．句意：将垃圾，尤其是玻璃瓶，留在森林里是危险的，因为玻璃能够聚集阳光从而引发火灾。 Leave原形；Leaving动名词或现在分词；Left过去分词。此处是主语，需用动名词作主语，故选B。 10．句意：如果每个人都遵守规则，我们的森林就会保持绿色且安全。 If如果；Although尽管；But但是。根据“everyone follows the rules, our forests will stay green and safe.”可知，引导条件状语从句用“如果”，故选A。 Rising from the Ruins Time flies. It has been many years since the Wenchuan Earthquake shook the world. The terrible disaster happened 1 May 12, 2008. In just a few minutes, beautiful towns were turned into ruins, and thousands of families lost their loved ones. However, the disaster also showed the strength of love. Soldiers and volunteers 2 arrived at the scene first were true heroes. They worked day and night without rest. They risked their own lives 3 the people buried under the rocks. The whole world witnessed 4 united and brave the Chinese people were in the face of natural disasters. Years have passed, and a miracle (奇迹) has happened. New towns 5 on the old land since then. If you go there today, you will see wide roads and safe houses. The buildings 6 by the earthquake are gone forever. Instead, new schools and hospitals stand firmly under the blue sky. 7 the scars of the earth have healed, the memories remain in our hearts. 8 the victims is our way of showing respect to life. This history teaches 9 to cherish every day we have. Nature can be cruel, but the human spirit is 10 than that. As long as we stand together, there is nothing we cannot overcome. 1．A．in B．at C．on 2．A．which B．who C．whom 3．A．to save B．saving C．save 4．A．that B．what C．how 5．A．were built B．are built C．have been built 6．A．to destroy B．destroyed C．destroying 7．A．Because B．If C．Although 8．A．Remember B．Remembering C．Remembers 9．A．us B．our C．ours 10．A．strong B．stronger C．strongest 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章回顾了2008年汶川大地震带来的巨大灾难，赞美了救援英雄们无私奉献的精神，并介绍了灾后重建的奇迹，最后感悟到人类精神的强大以及珍惜当下的重要意义。 1．句意：这场可怕的灾难发生在2008年5月12日。 in用于年份、月份、季节或上午/下午/晚上；at用于具体的时间点；on用于具体的某一天或日期。根据“…May 12, 2008.”可知，此处指具体的日期，应用介词on。故选C。 2．句意：最先抵达现场的士兵和志愿者是真正的英雄。 which哪一个，指代物；who谁，指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom谁，指代人，在从句中作宾语。根据“Soldiers and volunteers…arrived at the scene first”可知，先行词是“士兵和志愿者”，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用who。故选B。 3．句意：他们冒着生命危险去拯救埋在岩石下的人们。 to save拯救，动词不定式；saving拯救，动名词/现在分词；save拯救，动词原形。根据“They risked their own lives…the people buried under the rocks.”可知，此处表示“冒生命危险”的目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选A。 4．句意：全世界都见证了中国人民在自然灾害面前是多么团结和勇敢。 that引导宾语从句，无实际意义；what什么；how多么。根据“…united and brave the Chinese people were…”可知，这是一个感叹句充当witnessed的宾语从句，结构为“how+形容词+主语+谓语”。故选C。 5．句意：从那以后，在这片旧土地上建起了新的城镇。 were built被建造，一般过去时的被动语态；are built被建造，一般现在时的被动语态；have been built已经建造，现在完成时的被动语态。根据时间状语“since then”可知，句子应用现在完成时。主语“New towns”与动词build之间是被动关系，表示“新城镇被建造”，应用现在完成时的被动语态，结构为have/has been done。故选C。 6．句意：被地震摧毁的建筑永远消失了。 to destroy摧毁，动词不定式；destroyed摧毁，过去分词；destroying摧毁，现在分词/动名词。根据“The buildings…by the earthquake are gone forever.”可知，此处作后置定语修饰buildings，且buildings与destroy之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表示被动。故选B。 7．句意：虽然大地的伤痕已经愈合，但记忆仍留在我们心中。 Because因为；If如果；Although虽然。根据“…the scars of the earth have healed, the memories remain in our hearts.”可知，虽然大地的伤痕已经愈合，但记忆仍留在我们心中。前后分句之间存在让步转折逻辑。故选C。 8．句意：缅怀遇难者是我们表达对生命尊重的方式。 Remember记得，动词原形；Remembering记得，动名词；Remembers记得，三单形式。根据“…the victims is our way of showing respect to life.”可知，此处在句中作主语，应用动名词形式。故选B。 9．句意：这段历史教会我们珍惜所拥有的每一天。 us我们，宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词。根据“This history teaches…to cherish…”可知，teach是及物动词，后接人称代词作宾语，应用宾格形式。故选A。 10．句意：大自然可以是残酷的，但人类的精神比这更强大。 strong强大的；stronger更强大的；strongest最强大的。根据“…than that.”可知，此处存在两者之间的比较，关键词than提示应用形容词比较级。故选B。 二、完形填空 We live on a beautiful planet, but it is also powerful and sometimes wild. To live safely and happily, we need to have a respect for nature and the 1 that shape our world. Think about a volcano. For many years, it can be quiet and peaceful. People might even build villages on its slopes because of the rich soil. But deep under the surface, great heat and pressure are building up. When the force becomes too strong, the mountain can 2 , throwing out hot rocks and ash. This shows us that nature has its own timetable, which doesn’t always match ours. Similarly, when heavy rains pour for days, rivers can rise and 3 their banks. The water can cover roads, farms, and even houses. It seems that nature is reminding us who is really in charge. We cannot stop the rain from falling, but we can learn to understand its patterns and prepare for its power. Building stronger flood walls and not building homes in low-lying areas are wise 4 .   Sometimes, the best thing we can do is simply to stand in awe of nature’s beauty and power. Watching the endless ocean waves, listening to the wind in the mountains, or looking up at the stars on a clear night can make us feel 5 . These feelings help us remember that we are a part of this amazing world, not its masters. Having respect for nature doesn’t mean we are weak. It means we are wise enough to know our limits and smart enough to live in harmony with our planet. By learning, preparing, and admiring, we can build a safer and 6 future for everyone. 1．A．forces B．gardens C．stories D．rules 2．A．disappear B．explode C．arrive D．sleep 3．A．clean B．cross C．follow D．leave 4．A．games B．choices C．dreams D．prizes 5．A．bored and tired B．happy and excited C．small but connected D．strong and powerful 6．A．quieter B．slower C．brighter D．easier 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．C 【导语】本文讲述我们生活在一个美丽而充满力量的星球上，我们需要敬畏自然、与之和谐共存的道理。 1．句意：为了安全快乐地生活，我们需要敬畏自然以及塑造我们世界的力量。 根据上文提到自然的力量 (powerful) 和下文火山爆发的例子，这里指自然的力量，应用forces“力量”。garden“花园”和stories“故事”不符，rules“规则”虽有一定干扰，但全文强调自然的力量而非规则。 2．句意：当力量变得过于强大时，这座山就会爆发，喷出炽热的岩石和火山灰。 根据下文“throwing out hot rocks and ash”可知是火山爆发，应用explode“爆发”。disappear“消失”和arrive“到达”及sleep“睡觉”逻辑不符。 3．句意：同样，当大雨持续数日时，河水会上涨并漫过堤岸。 根据上下文，河水上涨会漫过堤岸，固定表达leave their banks“河水漫过堤岸”。clean“清理”、cross“穿过”、follow“跟随”均不符。 4．句意：建造更坚固的防洪墙以及不在低洼地区建房是明智的选择。 根据上下文，这些都是应对洪水的明智选择，应用choices“选择”。games“游戏”、dreams“梦想”、prizes“奖励”不符。 5．句意：观看无尽的海洋波浪，聆听山间的风声，或是在晴朗的夜晚仰望星空，会让我们感到渺小但有联系。 根据下文“These feelings help us remember that we are a part of this amazing world, not its masters”可知，这些自然景观让我们感到自己渺小但与之相连，应用small but connected“渺小但有联系”。其他选项与敬畏自然的情感不符。 6．句意：通过学习、准备和欣赏，我们可以为每个人建立一个更安全、更光明的的未来。 根据全文积极向上的基调，应用brighter“更光明的”。quieter“更安静的”、slower“更慢的”、easier“更容易的”不符合全文主旨。 Natural disasters may happen around us at times. Knowing how to protect ourselves is very important for everyone. Last week, a heavy storm hit our town. The sky turned dark 1 . Strong winds blew hard and heavy rain fell quickly. Some trees broke down and the roads became wet. Many people felt worried and they didn’t know what to do. When the storm came, my parents told me to stay 2 all the time. We closed all windows and never went outside. My father asked us not to use electrical things, 3 lightning was dangerous. He also told me that we should keep calm instead of being afraid. After several hours, the rain stopped. However, some streets were covered with water. Some houses were damaged. Lots of rubbish 4 everywhere. People walked slowly and carefully to keep safe. Later, volunteers came to offer help. They worked together to 5 fallen trees and clean streets. Some doctors checked people’s health. Everyone tried their best to help 6 . It let me feel the warmth during difficult times. In fact, we cannot stop natural disasters, but we can get 7 for them. We should learn some common safety rules. For example, when an earthquake happens, we must hide under desks and 8 our heads. If flooding comes, move to 9 places as soon as possible. Disasters are terrible, but courage and knowledge can help us go through difficulties. We should remember safety comes 10 in our life. 1．A．quietly B．slowly C．clearly D．suddenly 2．A．abroad B．indoors C．outdoors D．nearby 3．A．so B．but C．because D．though 4．A．is B．was C．are D．were 5．A．move B．burn C．throw D．dig 6．A．another B．other C．others D．the other 7．A．ready B．busy C．thankful D．worried 8．A．watch B．cover C．shake D．touch 9．A．lower B．higher C．wider D．colder 10．A．last B．second C．earliest D．first 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一次暴风雨袭击小镇时作者一家的应对经历以及灾后互助的场景，最后强调学习安全知识和保持冷静的重要性，提醒人们安全第一。 1．句意：天空突然变得黑暗。 前文提到“a heavy storm hit our town”，暴风雨是突然发生的，因此天空应是“突然”变暗。quietly安静地，slowly缓慢地，clearly清晰地，都不符合暴风雨突然来袭的语境。故填suddenly。 2．句意：暴风雨来临时，父母告诉我一直待在室内。 根据安全常识，暴风雨时应待在室内，避免外出。因此indoors在室内，正确。outdoors户外，危险，abroad国外，nearby附近，均不相关。故填indoors。 3．句意：父亲让我们不要使用电器，因为闪电很危险。 “不使用电器”的原因是“闪电危险”，前后为因果关系。用because引导原因状语从句。so表结果，but表转折，though表让步，均不符合。故填because。 4．句意：到处都是垃圾。 主语“lots of rubbish”中，中心词“rubbish”为不可数名词，因此谓语动词应用单数形式。描述过去的情况，时态为一般过去时，故用“was”。虽然“lots of”表示“许多”，但英语语法规定不可数名词始终视为单数。故填was。 5．句意：他们一起移走倒下的树并清理街道。 志愿者清理灾后现场，需要“移走”倒下的树木。“move”意为“移动、搬走”；burn燃烧，throw扔，dig挖，均不符合清理倒树的合理动作。故填move。 6．句意：每个人都尽力帮助其他人。 “help others”是固定短语，意为“帮助他人”，其中others泛指其他的人。another指另一个，other后需接名词，the other指两者中的另一个。故填others。 7．句意：我们无法阻止自然灾害，但可以为它们做准备。 固定搭配“get ready for”意为“为……做准备”。busy忙碌，thankful感激，worried担心，不能与“get...for”构成有意义的短语。故填ready。 8．句意：当地震发生时，我们必须躲在桌子下并保护头部。 地震时保护头部的典型动作是cover，遮盖、护住。watch看，shake摇晃，touch触摸，均无法表达保护之意。故填cover。 9．句意：如果发生洪水，尽快转移到更高的地方。 洪水逃生应前往地势“更高”的地方。lower更低，危险；wider更宽，colder更冷，不相关。故填higher。 10．句意：我们应该记住，安全在生活中是第一位的。 强调安全的重要性，常用“safety comes first”，安全第一。last最后，second第二，earliest最早，均不符合语境。故填first。 三、阅读理解 Natural disasters are terrible events that can hurt people and destroy our environment. Among them, earthquakes and tsunamis are two common and dangerous ones:.They often bring serious damage, so it is important for us to learn about them and know how to protect ourselves. An earthquake happens when rocks under the earth move suddenly and quickly. This strong movement makes the ground shake a lot. In a serious earthquake, tall buildings may fall down, roads can break, and power lines may fall. People may get hurt, lose their homes, or even lose their lives. What’s worse, most earthquakes come without any clear warning, so we must keep safety rules in mind and stay calm when danger comes. A tsunami is a big disaster that often comes after an undersea earthquake. It is a series of huge and powerful sea waves. These waves can travel very fast and reach the coast quickly. When they arrive, they can wash away houses, cars, trees, and even people near the sea. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was one of the worst in history. It hit many countries and took thousands of lives. Staying safe is the most important thing. When an earthquake happens, we should hide under strong desks or tables, and stay far away from windows, heavy furniture or walls. If we are near the sea and feel an earthquake, we should move to higher ground at once, because a tsunami may follow soon. We cannot stop natural disasters, but we can learn more about them and get well prepared. Knowing how to protect ourselves can help us stay safe and save more lives when danger comes. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What possible results do earthquakes bring according to the passage? A．Plants grow faster and better. B．Tall buildings and roads may be destroyed. C．Days become longer and nights shorter. D．More trees and flowers appear. 2．What should we do at once if we are near the sea and feel an earthquake? A．Go to the beach to watch waves. B．Move quickly to higher ground. C．Stay in a small room near windows. D．Run into a tall building. 3．Which of the following is a right way to keep safe during an earthquake? A．Stand near windows or heavy furniture. B．Run outside as quickly as possible. C．Hide under strong desks or tables. D．Take expensive things with you. 4．According to the passage, what usually leads to a tsunami? A．Heavy rain and strong wind along the coast. B．A strong undersea earthquake. C．Sudden temperature change at sea. D．Serious air pollution in the ocean. 5．Why does the writer advise us to learn about earthquakes and tsunamis? A．Because they are easy to study. B．Because it can help us become better prepared. C．Because they hardly happen in our daily life. D．Because we can take beautiful photos. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了地震与海啸的成因、危害及应对方法，告诉我们学习防灾知识、做好准备能帮助我们在灾害中保护自己。 1．第二段指出：“In a serious ... lines may fall.”，表明高层建筑及道路可能会被摧毁。 2．第四段表明：“If we are near t...may follow soon.”去往高处是正确做法。 3．第四段指出正确做法：“When an ...furniture or walls.”，所以躲在坚固的书桌或桌子底下是正确的。 4．第三段说明：“A tsunami is a big disaster that often comes after an undersea earthquake.”，引发原因是强烈的海底地震。 5．最后一段：“We cannot stop ... and get well prepared.”，说明它能帮助我们做好更充分的准备。 In 1929, Sanxingdui was first found in Southwest China’s Sichuan province, but its importance was not recognized until the year 1986 when ancient city walls, palaces and many gold ivory and bronze artifacts (青铜器) have been unearthed here. In 2001, archaeologists (考古学家), found the remains of another ancient city called Jinsha near Chengdu. They found a gold crown with similar engraved pattern (纹饰) of fish, arrows and birds to other golden objects found at Sanxingdui. For this reason, some scholars believe that the people from Sanxingdui may have moved their homes to Jinsha. But it remains a mystery. Here are some clues that might help find the facts. In 1099 BC, ancient writers recorded an earthquake in the capital of the Zhou Dynasty (朝代), in present-day Shaanxi Province. Though that area is about 400 kilometres from the historic site of Sanxingdui, it is possible that the centre of the earthquake was actually close to Sanxingdui. Around the same time, the layers of dirt show that there was possibly a great flood (洪水). In the Han Dynasty book The Chronicles of the Kings of Shu (《蜀王本纪》), it is written that ancient floods poured from a mountain in a spot, which suggests the river flowing in a new direction. Together, the ideas lead people to believe that possibly a large earthquake caused a landslide that dammed (拦住) the river. This changed its path and stopped the water from flowing to Sanxingdui. That may have forced the ancient Chinese people to leave their homes to move closer to the river’s new path. Living near water was very important at that time. The people had to get water from the river and carry it to their homes to drink, cook and wash. Although these clues help explain why the ancient Shu people moved from Sanxingdui to Jinsha, the real truth is still unclear. We need more research to find solid evidence. Sanxingdui and Jinsha are treasures of ancient Shu civilization, showing the great wisdom of ancient Chinese people. With further study, more secrets of this wonderful civilization will be uncovered step by step. 1．When was Sanxingdui first found? A．In 1929. B．In 1986. C．In 2001. D．In 1099. 2．The underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refers to ________. A．how Jinsha remains were found B．why Sanxingdui’s discovery matters C．how the ancients made beautiful objects D．why people in Sanxingdui moved to Jinsha 3．What record in the Han Dynasty book has helped to solve this mystery? A．Floods poured from a mountain. B．The ancients moved to the river. C．There were similar golden objects. D．An earthquake hit near Sanxingdui. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．Jinsha was built before Sanxingdui. B．Earthquakes hit Sanxingdui many times. C．Water was not important for the ancients. D．Sanxingdui and Jinsha shared the same culture. 5．In which book can we read this passage? A．Famous Rivers in History. B．Unsolved Mysteries of the World. C．History of Ancient Chinese Art. D．A Guide to Sichuan’s Natural Wonders. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了三星堆遗址的发现、其与金沙遗址可能存在的联系，以及关于三星堆人迁徙至金沙原因的推测，包括地震、洪水等线索，同时强调三星堆和金沙是古蜀文明的瑰宝，有待进一步研究揭示更多秘密。 1．第一段提到：“In 1929, Sanxingdui was first found in Southwest China’s Sichuan province”，说明三星堆首次被发现是在1929年。 2．第二段提到：“For this reason, some scholars believe that the people from Sanxingdui may have moved their homes to Jinsha. But it remains a mystery.”，结合前文可知，这里的“it”指的是三星堆的人为什么搬到金沙这件事。 3．第五段提到：“In the Han Dynasty book The Chronicles of the Kings of Shu (《蜀王本纪》), it is written that ancient floods poured from a mountain in a spot, which suggests the river flowing in a new direction.”，说明《蜀王本纪》中记录的洪水从山上倾泻而下，暗示河流流向改变，这一记录有助于解开三星堆人迁徙的谜团。 4．第二段提到：“They found a gold crown with similar engraved pattern (纹饰) of fish, arrows and birds to other golden objects found at Sanxingdui.”，说明三星堆和金沙遗址出土的金色物品有相似的纹饰，由此可推断出三星堆和金沙共享相同的文化。 5．文章主要围绕三星堆和金沙遗址的未解之谜展开，包括三星堆人迁徙的原因等，所以最有可能在《世界未解之谜》这本书中读到这篇文章。 Fifteen people died and 28 were missing after flash floods hit Yuzhong County and nearby areas in Lanzhou, Gansu Province. CCTV reported this news, at 6 p.m. on Saturday, according to the local flood control office. Heavy rains from Thursday to Friday caused the disaster. The rain was very heavy. In some places, 220 millimeters (毫米) of rain fell in just 15 hours. That’s more than half of what the area gets in a whole year! The floods damaged many things: roads were washed out, power lines fell down, and some houses were destroyed. Over 30,000 people had to leave their homes. They couldn’t get clean water or electricity easily. Two important roads were badly hit: the S104 highway and Xinghuang Road. Nearly 40 kilometres of these roads were damaged. These roads are very useful. People use them to carry food and other goods, and to go from one place to another. Now that the roads are closed, it’s hard for workers to deliver (运送) aid to those in need. It’s also difficult for people to go out daily. But many people are working hard to help. By 6 p.m. on Friday, the provincial transport department (省交通部门) had sent more than 40 big machines, like diggers, and over 200 workers. They worked to fix the roads. So far, they have opened three parts of the S104 highway and four parts of Xinghuang Road again. Other workers are trying to fix the power and water. Many companies are giving help too, like sending tents and food. The rescue and repair work is still going on. Everyone hopes things will get better soon. 1．How much rain fell compared to the area’s usual yearly rain? A．Double the yearly rain. B．Over half of yearly rain. C．About 1/3 of yearly rain. D．Exactly half of yearly rain. 2．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．heavy rains B．the floods C．people D．power lines 3．What does the underlined word “diggers” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Tools cleaning water. B．Doctors saving people. C．Machines fixing roads. D．Helicopters (直升机) finding people. 4．What is the report mainly about? A．How many people were hurt. B．Why the heavy rain happened. C．Money lost from road damage. D．The flood’s harm and help given. 5．Why does the writer give numbers of machines and workers? A．To say help came too late. B．To compare different helpers. C．To explain why power went out. D．To show how hard people are working. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了甘肃省兰州市榆中县及周边地区遭遇暴雨引发的洪水灾害，介绍了灾害造成的损失、影响以及各方救援情况。 1．第一段提到“In some places, 220 millimeters (毫米) of rain fell in just 15 hours. That’s more than half of what the area gets in a whole year!”，这直接表明有些地方15小时的降雨量超过了该地区全年降雨量的一半。 2．第二段“The floods damaged many things: roads were washed out, power lines fell down, and some houses were destroyed. Over 30,000 people had to leave their homes. They couldn’t get clean water or electricity easily.”中，前文描述了洪水造成的各种破坏，接着说这些人不能轻易获得干净的水和电，所以“they”指代的是受洪水影响的人们。 3．第四段“the provincial transport department (省交通部门) had sent more than 40 big machines, like diggers, and over 200 workers. They worked to fix the roads.”中，省交通部门派机器和工人去修路，所以“diggers”应该是用于修路的机器。 4．文章先介绍了洪水造成的危害，如人员伤亡、道路损坏、人们生活受影响等，接着又讲述了很多人努力救援，省交通部门派机器和工人修路，其他工人修复水电，公司也提供帮助等情况，所以报告主要是关于洪水的危害和给予的帮助。 5．第四段提到省交通部门派了40多台大机器和200多名工人去修路，结合前文道路损坏严重以及后文“So far, they have opened three parts of the S104 highway and four parts of Xinghuang Road again.”可知，作者给出机器和工人的数量是为了表明人们工作多么努力。 What is a tsunami? A tsunami is a very large ocean wave that is extremely dangerous. Unlike typical waves, where water flows in circles, a tsunami involves the entire water column moving. This is why tsunamis cause so much damage！ What’s the difference between a tidal wave and a tsunami? Although both are sea waves, tsunamis are different from tidal (潮汐) waves. Tidal waves are shallow water waves caused by the gravitational forces (引力) of the moon, sun and planets on the tides. They are also influenced by the wind as it moves over the water. Tsunamis, however, are usually caused by an underwater earthquake, landslides or a volcanic explosion. How big is a tsunami? Tsunamis can range in size from a few centimetres to over 30 metres. In deep ocean waters, tsunamis are rarely over 90 cm and are usually not noticeable by ships. As tsunamis move closer to shallow water and the shore, the waves can become more than ten times taller. A large tsunami can flood land over a mile from the coast. Tsunamis around the world Japan—2011 At 2:46 p.m., a 9.0-magnitude earthquake struck the northeast coast of Japan. The quake triggered a massive tsunami which swept inland. In places, the tsunami waves reached as far as 10 km inland and entire towns almost disappeared. Japan has the longest recorded history of tsunamis. Sumatra, Indonesia—2004 This Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami was the most devastating of its kind in modern times, killing 230,000 people across 14 countries and generating waves up to 30 metres high. It was the third-largest earthquake ever recorded, with an exceptionally long rupture duration of about 8 to 10 minutes. 1．What is a tsunami? A．A small river wave. B．A very large ocean wave that is extremely dangerous. C．A type of wind wave. D．A wave caused by the moon’s gravity. 2．What usually causes a tsunami? A．The gravitational forces of the moon, sun and planets. B．Strong winds moving across the ocean surface. C．An underwater earthquake, landslides or a volcanic explosion. D．Changes in sea level due to tides and currents. 3．How tall can a tsunami be in shallow water near the shore? A．Rarely over 90 cm in deep ocean conditions. B．Usually just a few centimetres in the open sea. C．Less than 2 metres as it approaches the shore. D．More than ten times taller than in deep ocean. 4．How many people were killed in the 2004 Sumatra, Indonesia tsunami? A．10,000. B．230,000. C．10. D．30. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了海啸的定义、与潮汐波的区别、高度范围，并列举了2011年日本和2004年印尼苏门答腊两次重大海啸灾害。 1．细节理解题。根据“A tsunami is a very large ocean wave that is extremely dangerous.”可知，海啸是一种非常大且极其危险的海浪。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Tsunamis, however, are usually caused by an underwater earthquake, landslides or a volcanic explosion.”可知，海啸通常由海底地震、山体滑坡或火山爆发引发。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“As tsunamis move closer to shallow water and the shore, the waves can become more than ten times taller.”可知，海啸靠近岸边浅水区时会比深海中高十倍以上。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“This Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami was the most devastating of its kind in modern times, killing 230,000 people across 14 countries and generating waves up to 30 metres high.”可知，2004年印尼苏门答腊海啸造成23万人遇难。故选B。 四、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Natural dangerous events can happen anywhere and at any time. Earthquakes, floods, storms, and wildfires are just a few examples of nature’s powerful forces. While you can’t stop these events, you can learn how to protect yourself and others. The first step is to know the latest news. You can listen to weather reports and important warnings on the radio or your phone. Many countries have warning systems for earthquakes, typhoons, and floods. If you hear a warning, take it seriously and act quickly. Next, make a safety plan with your family. Decide where to meet if you get separated. Prepare an emergency bag with water, food, a torch, a medical box and important papers. Practice what to do during different kinds of dangerous events, like “Drop, Cover, and Hold on” during an earthquake. During a dangerous event, stay calm. If you are indoors, stay away from windows and heavy furniture. If you are outside, move to an open area away from trees, buildings, and electric lines. After the event, avoid damaged areas and listen to adults or police for instructions. Being prepared can save lives. We should respect nature’s power and learn to live safely with it. 1．What natural dangerous events are mentioned in the passage? 2．What can you listen to on the radio or your phone? 3．What should you prepare with your family? 4．What should you do if you are indoors during a dangerous event? 5．What can we learn from the passage? 【答案】1．Earthquakes, floods, storms, wildfires and typhoons. 2．Weather reports and important warnings. 3．An emergency bag (with water, food, a light, a medical box and important papers). 4．Stay away from windows and heavy furniture. 5．We should respect nature’s power and get prepared for natural dangerous events. 【导语】本文介绍了常见的自然灾害，给出了收听预警、制定安全计划、准备应急包等应对灾害的实用建议，强调了敬畏自然、提前准备的重要性。 1．第一段：“Earthquakes, floods, storms, and wildfires are just a few examples of nature’s powerful forces.”和第二段“Many countries have warning systems for earthquakes, typhoons, and floods.”文中提到的自然灾害有地震、洪水、风暴、野火和台风。直接提取原文即可。 2．第二段指出：“You can listen to weather reports and important warnings on the radio or your phone.”我们可以通过收音机或手机收听天气预报和重要预警。直接提取原文即可。 3．第三段指出：“Prepare an emergency bag with water, food, a torch, a medical box and important papers.”我们应和家人准备一个装有水、食物、手电筒、药箱和重要文件的应急包。直接提取原文即可。 4．第四段指出：“If you are indoors, stay away from windows and heavy furniture.”可知，在室内遇到危险事件时，应远离窗户和沉重家具。直接提取原文即可。 5．最后一段“Being prepared can save lives. We should respect nature’s power and learn to live safely with it.”文章主旨是呼吁人们敬畏自然力量，为自然灾害做好准备。 Natural disasters are powerful, but humans are not completely helpless. By working together and using technology, we can reduce the damage they cause and protect ourselves. Here is how we fight back. First, we use technology to get early warnings. Scientists use special tools to watch the earth and sky closely. They can often tell us when a big storm, flood, or earthquake might be coming. For example, before a typhoon hits the coast, weather stations send out warnings. This gives people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water. Second, we build stronger and smarter structures. Engineers design buildings that can stand against the power of nature. In places with many earthquakes, buildings are made to sway a little instead of breaking. In coastal areas, strong walls can help to keep the ocean waves away. For instance, Japan has built high sea walls to protect its towns from tsunamis. Third, community cooperation is the key. When everyone works together, we become stronger. People practise evacuation drills regularly so they know what to do when a disaster really happens. Neighbours check on each other, especially the elderly and children. After a disaster, rescue teams and volunteers from the community and beyond work day and night to help those in need. Some people think we cannot win against nature’s power, and it is true that we cannot stop disasters from happening. However, by preparing well and helping each other, we can greatly reduce the harm they cause. Our best “weapon” is knowledge, preparation, and unity. In short, with early warnings, strong engineering, and community spirit, we can build a safer world even in the face of natural disasters.Task 1: 1．How many main ways to fight against natural disasters does the passage mention? 2．What is the purpose of early warnings before a typhoon? 3．How are buildings in earthquake zones designed to protect people? 4．Why is community cooperation so important according to the passage? Task 2: 5．Imagine you are the leader of your school’s Safety Club. Your town has just received an early warning for a coming typhoon. Based on the passage, write a short speech to tell your schoolmates what they should do to prepare for it. (Use your own words at least 30 words.) 【答案】1．Three main ways. 2．To give people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water. 3．They are made to sway a little instead of breaking. 4．Because when everyone works together, people become stronger. They can practise evacuation drills, check on each other, and help those in need after disasters. 5．Hello, everyone! A typhoon is coming. First, please stay calm. We should help our families prepare an emergency kit with food, water, and a flashlight. Also, remember to stay indoors when the typhoon comes. Let’s check our classrooms to make sure all windows are closed. Finally, listen to the latest news. Let’s work together to stay safe! (Any reasonable answer is OK.) 【导语】本文主要介绍了几种应对自然灾害的方法。 1．第二段“First…”、第三段“Second…”和第四段Third…”明确指出有三种与自然灾害作斗争的主要方法。 2．第二段提到“First, we use technology to get early warnings…This gives people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water.”，说明其目的是给人们时间做准备，如转移到更安全的地方或储存食物和水。 3．第三段提到“In places with many earthquakes, buildings are made to sway a little instead of breaking.”，说明建筑物会稍微摇晃一下，而不会倒塌，以此来保护人们。 4．第四段提到“When everyone works together, we become stronger. People practise evacuation drills regularly so they know what to do when a disaster really happens. Neighbours check on each other, especially the elderly and children. After a disaster, rescue teams and volunteers from the community and beyond work day and night to help those in need.”，说明当大家齐心协力时，人们会变得更强大，他们可以一起进行疏散演练，互相照应，并在灾后帮助那些需要帮助的人。 5．开放性题目，答案不唯一，结合文章内容合理作答即可，注意词数要求。 五、选词填空 选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每个选项只能使用一次。 A．suffered from  B．because  C． plenty of  D．reached  E. because of In the summer of 2024, a terrible heatwave hit many countries in Europe, including France, Spain and Italy. The temperature in some areas 1 45 degrees Celsius, which was much higher than the average temperature in previous years. This extreme weather caused a lot of problems for people’s daily lives and the environment. Due to the high temperature, many old people and children 2 heat-related illnesses. Local hospitals were crowded with patients. Farmers also faced big troubles—their crops dried up 3 the lack of rain, and some farm animals died from the heat. Besides, the heatwave increased the risk of wildfires. Several forests in southern Europe caught fire, destroying lots of trees and wildlife habitats. To deal with the heatwave, governments advised people to stay indoors during the hottest hours of the day and drink 4 water. Many public places, such as libraries and community centres, turned on air conditioners for free to help people cool down. Volunteers also helped deliver water and food to the elderly who couldn’t go out easily.  Experts said that such extreme heatwaves might become more frequent due to climate change, so it’s important for everyone to protect the environment. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．E 4．C 【导语】本文讲述了2024年夏天欧洲多国遭遇严重热浪，高温带来诸多问题，以及当地政府和志愿者采取的应对措施，专家呼吁保护环境以应对极端天气。 1．句意：一些地区的气温达到了45摄氏度，远高于往年平均气温。根据“The temperature in some areas...45 degrees Celsius”可知，此处表示温度“达到”某一数值，描述过去发生的事件用一般过去时，选项D“reached”意为“达到”，为过去式，符合语境。 2．句意：由于高温，许多老人和孩子患上了与高温相关的疾病。根据“heat-related illnesses”可知，此处表示“患病”，时态是一般过去时，选项A“suffered from”意为“遭受，患（病）”，其中“suffered”为过去式，符合语境。 3．句意：农民们也遇到了大麻烦——由于缺少雨水，他们的庄稼干枯了，一些农场动物也因酷热而死亡。“the lack of rain”是名词短语，表示“缺少雨水”，是农作物干枯的原因。选项E“because of”意为“由于，因为”，后接名词或名词短语，符合语境。选项B“because”意为“因为”，后接句子，故排除。 4．句意：为了应对热浪，政府建议人们在一天中最热的时段待在室内，并多喝水。根据“To deal with the heatwave”可知，喝大量的水是应对高温天气的方法之一，选项C“plenty of”意为“大量的”，可修饰不可数名词“water”。 A．powerful      B．prepare for      C．damage      D．suddenly     E.However Typhoons are among the most 1 weather systems in the world. These huge storms form over warm ocean waters and can span hundreds of kilometres. The strong winds and heavy rainfall they bring often cause serious 2 to coastal areas, including flooding, landslides, and destruction of buildings. Weather conditions can change 3 when a typhoon approaches. The sky may darken quickly, winds grow stronger minute by minute, and rain begins to pour heavily. This is why it’s crucial to monitor weather updates during typhoon season. 4 , with proper knowledge and preparation, we can significantly reduce the risks. Before typhoon season begins, families should discuss emergency plans and assemble disaster supply kits. During a typhoon, it’s safest to stay indoors, away from windows, and if authorities recommend evacuation, we should follow their advice promptly. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．E 【导语】本文讲述了台风的相关信息，包括其强大、造成的破坏、天气变化情况以及应对台风的正确做法。 1．句意：台风是世界上最强大的天气系统之一。among the most后接形容词原级，构成最高级结构，powerful意为“强大的”，符合描述台风威力的语境。 2．句意：它们带来的强风和暴雨常常给沿海地区造成严重破坏。cause后接名词作宾语，damage意为“破坏”，符合强风和暴雨对沿海地区造成影响的语境。 3．句意：当台风接近时，天气状况可能会突然变化。change是动词，需用副词修饰，suddenly意为“突然地”，符合天气在台风接近时快速变化的语境。 4．句意：然而，有了正确的知识和准备，我们可以显著降低风险。前文描述台风的危害，后文说降低风险，前后是转折关系，However意为“然而”，符合语境。 六、书面表达 1．题目: My Experience with a Natural Disaster 1.词数: 80词左右，书写工整、规范； 2.内容必须包含: （1）介绍你经历的一次自然灾害（台风、小涝灾、小地震等均可）； （2）写清灾害发生的时间、你当时正在做的事情； （3）描述你当时的感受及应对做法； （4）谈谈你从这次经历中得到的启示； 3.要求: 语法正确，语句通顺，逻辑清晰，紧扣主题，可适当合理发挥。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 My Experience with a Natural Disaster Last summer, I experienced a small typhoon. It was on a Saturday afternoon. I was reading books at home when the wind started to blow strongly. I felt a little afraid. My mother asked me to close the windows and stay away from them. I stayed calm and followed her advice. The typhoon stopped soon. From this experience, I learned that we must stay calm and know how to protect ourselves when a natural disaster comes. 【详解】写作步骤 【第一步：审题立意】 确定文体：叙事性记叙文，以一般过去时为主 明确要点：自然灾害的发生过程（时间、地点、情景），个人情绪与应对措施，经验教训 确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 注意事项：描述真实感强，突出“经历”与“感悟” 【第二步：构思布局】 三段式结构： 开头段：交代时间、事件背景及初始情景 主体段：描述具体经过——情绪变化、家人指导、自身行动 结尾段：总结学到的道理，升华主题 【第三步：要点展开】 要点一：事件背景 时间描述：last summer/on a Saturday afternoon 灾害类型：a small typhoon 初始活动：reading books at home 天气变化：wind started to blow strongly 要点二：应对过程 情绪反应：felt a little afraid 他人指导：mother asked me to close the windows and stay away from them 自身行动：stayed calm and followed her advice 结果：The typhoon stopped soon 要点三：感悟启示 核心教训：stay calm 行动要点：know how to protect ourselves 适用场景：when a natural disaster comes 表达句式：I learned that.../we must... 1．请你以“When a typhoon comes”为题，根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文，60个词左右。 Suggestions: 1. What will happen when a typhoon comes? 2. What are the dos and don’ts when a typhoon comes? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 When a typhoon comes When a typhoon comes, strong winds blow violently, accompanied by heavy rain. Trees may be blown down, and roads can be flooded. It’s crucial to stay indoors and keep windows closed. Don’t go outside or stand near fragile structures. Secure outdoor items to prevent them from being blown away. Following these rules can help us stay safe during the typhoon. 【详解】[第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明文 时态：一般现在时 人称：第一人称复数和第三人称 写作要点：说明台风来临时会发生什么，以及应该做什么和不应该做什么 注意事项：词数60左右；内容要包括提示中的两个要点；题目已给出不计入词数 [第二步：构思布局] 两段式结构： 开头段：描述台风来临时的情况 主体段：提出应做和不应做的安全建议 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：台风来临时的情况 strong winds blow hard强风猛烈 heavy rain falls下大雨 trees may fall down树可能倒下 roads may be flooded道路可能被淹 要点二：注意事项 stay indoors待在室内 close the windows and doors关好门窗 prepare food and water准备食物和水 not go outside不要外出 keep safe保持安全 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Natural disasters单元话题练 （语法选择+阅读+完形+选词填空+写作） 一、语法选择 Natural disasters 1 more frequent and severe in recent years around the world. Scientists believe that climate change 2 a major role in this worrying trend. Many countries now 3 better warning systems including advanced weather monitoring technology to protect people from potential dangers. When a disaster suddenly 4 , it is important to stay calm and avoid panic. People should immediately follow instructions 5 by local authorities through official channels. In some high-risk areas, schools regularly practise earthquake and fire drills so that students 6 exactly what to do when real emergencies occur, such as where to find safe shelter. We cannot prevent natural disasters from 7 completely, but we can definitely reduce their impact through adequate preparation. Making an emergency kit with essential supplies is much 8 than waiting until the last minute when stores may be closed. Remember, being prepared today 9 your life tomorrow and protects your loved ones. Let’s all learn 10 ready for unexpected events by creating family emergency plans and staying informed about local risks. 1．A．have become B．became C．are becoming 2．A．plays B．played C．playing 3．A．develop B．developed C．are developing 4．A．strikes B．struck C．will strike 5．A．give B．gave C．given 6．A．know B．knew C．will know 7．A．happen B．happening C．happened 8．A．good B．better C．best 9．A．saves B．save C．could save 10．A．be B．to be C．being Forest Fires: Danger and Prevention Forests are often called the “lungs of the Earth”. They provide us with fresh air and homes for animals. However, every year, huge areas of green forest turn into black ash. Forest fires are one of 1 disasters. While lightning can start a fire, most wildfires are caused by humans. A small spark can cause a huge disaster. For example, a cigarette thrown out of a car window or a campfire left 2 can destroy thousands of trees. 3 a fire spreads, it moves very fast. Animals have to run for their lives, but many cannot escape. It is a sad scene 4 . We must learn how to prevent this. First, never play with matches or lighters in the woods. Second, if you see smoke, call the fire department immediately. Firefighters are brave people 5 risk their lives to save nature. They often work for days without rest to stop the flames. Last summer, a fire broke out near my town. The sky turned orange, and the air was full of smoke. I felt 6 because the fire was getting closer to our house. Luckily, the wind changed direction, and rain started to fall. The rain helped put out the fire. Since then, I 7 more careful about fire safety. Protecting the forest is protecting 8 . We should follow the rules when we go camping. 9 rubbish, especially glass bottles, in the forest is dangerous because glass can focus sunlight and start a fire. 10 everyone follows the rules, our forests will stay green and safe. 1．A．terrible B．more terrible C．the most terrible 2．A．to burn B．burnt C．burning 3．A．Once B．Before C．Unless 4．A．see B．to see C．seeing 5．A．who B．which C．whom 6．A．to scare B．scaring C．scared 7．A．become B．have become C．became 8．A．us B．our C．ourselves 9．A．Leave B．Leaving C．Left 10．A．If B．Although C．But Rising from the Ruins Time flies. It has been many years since the Wenchuan Earthquake shook the world. The terrible disaster happened 1 May 12, 2008. In just a few minutes, beautiful towns were turned into ruins, and thousands of families lost their loved ones. However, the disaster also showed the strength of love. Soldiers and volunteers 2 arrived at the scene first were true heroes. They worked day and night without rest. They risked their own lives 3 the people buried under the rocks. The whole world witnessed 4 united and brave the Chinese people were in the face of natural disasters. Years have passed, and a miracle (奇迹) has happened. New towns 5 on the old land since then. If you go there today, you will see wide roads and safe houses. The buildings 6 by the earthquake are gone forever. Instead, new schools and hospitals stand firmly under the blue sky. 7 the scars of the earth have healed, the memories remain in our hearts. 8 the victims is our way of showing respect to life. This history teaches 9 to cherish every day we have. Nature can be cruel, but the human spirit is 10 than that. As long as we stand together, there is nothing we cannot overcome. 1．A．in B．at C．on 2．A．which B．who C．whom 3．A．to save B．saving C．save 4．A．that B．what C．how 5．A．were built B．are built C．have been built 6．A．to destroy B．destroyed C．destroying 7．A．Because B．If C．Although 8．A．Remember B．Remembering C．Remembers 9．A．us B．our C．ours 10．A．strong B．stronger C．strongest 二、完形填空 We live on a beautiful planet, but it is also powerful and sometimes wild. To live safely and happily, we need to have a respect for nature and the 1 that shape our world. Think about a volcano. For many years, it can be quiet and peaceful. People might even build villages on its slopes because of the rich soil. But deep under the surface, great heat and pressure are building up. When the force becomes too strong, the mountain can 2 , throwing out hot rocks and ash. This shows us that nature has its own timetable, which doesn’t always match ours. Similarly, when heavy rains pour for days, rivers can rise and 3 their banks. The water can cover roads, farms, and even houses. It seems that nature is reminding us who is really in charge. We cannot stop the rain from falling, but we can learn to understand its patterns and prepare for its power. Building stronger flood walls and not building homes in low-lying areas are wise 4 .   Sometimes, the best thing we can do is simply to stand in awe of nature’s beauty and power. Watching the endless ocean waves, listening to the wind in the mountains, or looking up at the stars on a clear night can make us feel 5 . These feelings help us remember that we are a part of this amazing world, not its masters. Having respect for nature doesn’t mean we are weak. It means we are wise enough to know our limits and smart enough to live in harmony with our planet. By learning, preparing, and admiring, we can build a safer and 6 future for everyone. 1．A．forces B．gardens C．stories D．rules 2．A．disappear B．explode C．arrive D．sleep 3．A．clean B．cross C．follow D．leave 4．A．games B．choices C．dreams D．prizes 5．A．bored and tired B．happy and excited C．small but connected D．strong and powerful 6．A．quieter B．slower C．brighter D．easier Natural disasters may happen around us at times. Knowing how to protect ourselves is very important for everyone. Last week, a heavy storm hit our town. The sky turned dark 1 . Strong winds blew hard and heavy rain fell quickly. Some trees broke down and the roads became wet. Many people felt worried and they didn’t know what to do. When the storm came, my parents told me to stay 2 all the time. We closed all windows and never went outside. My father asked us not to use electrical things, 3 lightning was dangerous. He also told me that we should keep calm instead of being afraid. After several hours, the rain stopped. However, some streets were covered with water. Some houses were damaged. Lots of rubbish 4 everywhere. People walked slowly and carefully to keep safe. Later, volunteers came to offer help. They worked together to 5 fallen trees and clean streets. Some doctors checked people’s health. Everyone tried their best to help 6 . It let me feel the warmth during difficult times. In fact, we cannot stop natural disasters, but we can get 7 for them. We should learn some common safety rules. For example, when an earthquake happens, we must hide under desks and 8 our heads. If flooding comes, move to 9 places as soon as possible. Disasters are terrible, but courage and knowledge can help us go through difficulties. We should remember safety comes 10 in our life. 1．A．quietly B．slowly C．clearly D．suddenly 2．A．abroad B．indoors C．outdoors D．nearby 3．A．so B．but C．because D．though 4．A．is B．was C．are D．were 5．A．move B．burn C．throw D．dig 6．A．another B．other C．others D．the other 7．A．ready B．busy C．thankful D．worried 8．A．watch B．cover C．shake D．touch 9．A．lower B．higher C．wider D．colder 10．A．last B．second C．earliest D．first 三、阅读理解 Natural disasters are terrible events that can hurt people and destroy our environment. Among them, earthquakes and tsunamis are two common and dangerous ones:.They often bring serious damage, so it is important for us to learn about them and know how to protect ourselves. An earthquake happens when rocks under the earth move suddenly and quickly. This strong movement makes the ground shake a lot. In a serious earthquake, tall buildings may fall down, roads can break, and power lines may fall. People may get hurt, lose their homes, or even lose their lives. What’s worse, most earthquakes come without any clear warning, so we must keep safety rules in mind and stay calm when danger comes. A tsunami is a big disaster that often comes after an undersea earthquake. It is a series of huge and powerful sea waves. These waves can travel very fast and reach the coast quickly. When they arrive, they can wash away houses, cars, trees, and even people near the sea. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was one of the worst in history. It hit many countries and took thousands of lives. Staying safe is the most important thing. When an earthquake happens, we should hide under strong desks or tables, and stay far away from windows, heavy furniture or walls. If we are near the sea and feel an earthquake, we should move to higher ground at once, because a tsunami may follow soon. We cannot stop natural disasters, but we can learn more about them and get well prepared. Knowing how to protect ourselves can help us stay safe and save more lives when danger comes. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What possible results do earthquakes bring according to the passage? A．Plants grow faster and better. B．Tall buildings and roads may be destroyed. C．Days become longer and nights shorter. D．More trees and flowers appear. 2．What should we do at once if we are near the sea and feel an earthquake? A．Go to the beach to watch waves. B．Move quickly to higher ground. C．Stay in a small room near windows. D．Run into a tall building. 3．Which of the following is a right way to keep safe during an earthquake? A．Stand near windows or heavy furniture. B．Run outside as quickly as possible. C．Hide under strong desks or tables. D．Take expensive things with you. 4．According to the passage, what usually leads to a tsunami? A．Heavy rain and strong wind along the coast. B．A strong undersea earthquake. C．Sudden temperature change at sea. D．Serious air pollution in the ocean. 5．Why does the writer advise us to learn about earthquakes and tsunamis? A．Because they are easy to study. B．Because it can help us become better prepared. C．Because they hardly happen in our daily life. D．Because we can take beautiful photos. In 1929, Sanxingdui was first found in Southwest China’s Sichuan province, but its importance was not recognized until the year 1986 when ancient city walls, palaces and many gold ivory and bronze artifacts (青铜器) have been unearthed here. In 2001, archaeologists (考古学家), found the remains of another ancient city called Jinsha near Chengdu. They found a gold crown with similar engraved pattern (纹饰) of fish, arrows and birds to other golden objects found at Sanxingdui. For this reason, some scholars believe that the people from Sanxingdui may have moved their homes to Jinsha. But it remains a mystery. Here are some clues that might help find the facts. In 1099 BC, ancient writers recorded an earthquake in the capital of the Zhou Dynasty (朝代), in present-day Shaanxi Province. Though that area is about 400 kilometres from the historic site of Sanxingdui, it is possible that the centre of the earthquake was actually close to Sanxingdui. Around the same time, the layers of dirt show that there was possibly a great flood (洪水). In the Han Dynasty book The Chronicles of the Kings of Shu (《蜀王本纪》), it is written that ancient floods poured from a mountain in a spot, which suggests the river flowing in a new direction. Together, the ideas lead people to believe that possibly a large earthquake caused a landslide that dammed (拦住) the river. This changed its path and stopped the water from flowing to Sanxingdui. That may have forced the ancient Chinese people to leave their homes to move closer to the river’s new path. Living near water was very important at that time. The people had to get water from the river and carry it to their homes to drink, cook and wash. Although these clues help explain why the ancient Shu people moved from Sanxingdui to Jinsha, the real truth is still unclear. We need more research to find solid evidence. Sanxingdui and Jinsha are treasures of ancient Shu civilization, showing the great wisdom of ancient Chinese people. With further study, more secrets of this wonderful civilization will be uncovered step by step. 1．When was Sanxingdui first found? A．In 1929. B．In 1986. C．In 2001. D．In 1099. 2．The underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refers to ________. A．how Jinsha remains were found B．why Sanxingdui’s discovery matters C．how the ancients made beautiful objects D．why people in Sanxingdui moved to Jinsha 3．What record in the Han Dynasty book has helped to solve this mystery? A．Floods poured from a mountain. B．The ancients moved to the river. C．There were similar golden objects. D．An earthquake hit near Sanxingdui. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．Jinsha was built before Sanxingdui. B．Earthquakes hit Sanxingdui many times. C．Water was not important for the ancients. D．Sanxingdui and Jinsha shared the same culture. 5．In which book can we read this passage? A．Famous Rivers in History. B．Unsolved Mysteries of the World. C．History of Ancient Chinese Art. D．A Guide to Sichuan’s Natural Wonders. Fifteen people died and 28 were missing after flash floods hit Yuzhong County and nearby areas in Lanzhou, Gansu Province. CCTV reported this news, at 6 p.m. on Saturday, according to the local flood control office. Heavy rains from Thursday to Friday caused the disaster. The rain was very heavy. In some places, 220 millimeters (毫米) of rain fell in just 15 hours. That’s more than half of what the area gets in a whole year! The floods damaged many things: roads were washed out, power lines fell down, and some houses were destroyed. Over 30,000 people had to leave their homes. They couldn’t get clean water or electricity easily. Two important roads were badly hit: the S104 highway and Xinghuang Road. Nearly 40 kilometres of these roads were damaged. These roads are very useful. People use them to carry food and other goods, and to go from one place to another. Now that the roads are closed, it’s hard for workers to deliver (运送) aid to those in need. It’s also difficult for people to go out daily. But many people are working hard to help. By 6 p.m. on Friday, the provincial transport department (省交通部门) had sent more than 40 big machines, like diggers, and over 200 workers. They worked to fix the roads. So far, they have opened three parts of the S104 highway and four parts of Xinghuang Road again. Other workers are trying to fix the power and water. Many companies are giving help too, like sending tents and food. The rescue and repair work is still going on. Everyone hopes things will get better soon. 1．How much rain fell compared to the area’s usual yearly rain? A．Double the yearly rain. B．Over half of yearly rain. C．About 1/3 of yearly rain. D．Exactly half of yearly rain. 2．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．heavy rains B．the floods C．people D．power lines 3．What does the underlined word “diggers” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Tools cleaning water. B．Doctors saving people. C．Machines fixing roads. D．Helicopters (直升机) finding people. 4．What is the report mainly about? A．How many people were hurt. B．Why the heavy rain happened. C．Money lost from road damage. D．The flood’s harm and help given. 5．Why does the writer give numbers of machines and workers? A．To say help came too late. B．To compare different helpers. C．To explain why power went out. D．To show how hard people are working. What is a tsunami? A tsunami is a very large ocean wave that is extremely dangerous. Unlike typical waves, where water flows in circles, a tsunami involves the entire water column moving. This is why tsunamis cause so much damage！ What’s the difference between a tidal wave and a tsunami? Although both are sea waves, tsunamis are different from tidal (潮汐) waves. Tidal waves are shallow water waves caused by the gravitational forces (引力) of the moon, sun and planets on the tides. They are also influenced by the wind as it moves over the water. Tsunamis, however, are usually caused by an underwater earthquake, landslides or a volcanic explosion. How big is a tsunami? Tsunamis can range in size from a few centimetres to over 30 metres. In deep ocean waters, tsunamis are rarely over 90 cm and are usually not noticeable by ships. As tsunamis move closer to shallow water and the shore, the waves can become more than ten times taller. A large tsunami can flood land over a mile from the coast. Tsunamis around the world Japan—2011 At 2:46 p.m., a 9.0-magnitude earthquake struck the northeast coast of Japan. The quake triggered a massive tsunami which swept inland. In places, the tsunami waves reached as far as 10 km inland and entire towns almost disappeared. Japan has the longest recorded history of tsunamis. Sumatra, Indonesia—2004 This Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami was the most devastating of its kind in modern times, killing 230,000 people across 14 countries and generating waves up to 30 metres high. It was the third-largest earthquake ever recorded, with an exceptionally long rupture duration of about 8 to 10 minutes. 1．What is a tsunami? A．A small river wave. B．A very large ocean wave that is extremely dangerous. C．A type of wind wave. D．A wave caused by the moon’s gravity. 2．What usually causes a tsunami? A．The gravitational forces of the moon, sun and planets. B．Strong winds moving across the ocean surface. C．An underwater earthquake, landslides or a volcanic explosion. D．Changes in sea level due to tides and currents. 3．How tall can a tsunami be in shallow water near the shore? A．Rarely over 90 cm in deep ocean conditions. B．Usually just a few centimetres in the open sea. C．Less than 2 metres as it approaches the shore. D．More than ten times taller than in deep ocean. 4．How many people were killed in the 2004 Sumatra, Indonesia tsunami? A．10,000. B．230,000. C．10. D．30. 四、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Natural dangerous events can happen anywhere and at any time. Earthquakes, floods, storms, and wildfires are just a few examples of nature’s powerful forces. While you can’t stop these events, you can learn how to protect yourself and others. The first step is to know the latest news. You can listen to weather reports and important warnings on the radio or your phone. Many countries have warning systems for earthquakes, typhoons, and floods. If you hear a warning, take it seriously and act quickly. Next, make a safety plan with your family. Decide where to meet if you get separated. Prepare an emergency bag with water, food, a torch, a medical box and important papers. Practice what to do during different kinds of dangerous events, like “Drop, Cover, and Hold on” during an earthquake. During a dangerous event, stay calm. If you are indoors, stay away from windows and heavy furniture. If you are outside, move to an open area away from trees, buildings, and electric lines. After the event, avoid damaged areas and listen to adults or police for instructions. Being prepared can save lives. We should respect nature’s power and learn to live safely with it. 1．What natural dangerous events are mentioned in the passage? 2．What can you listen to on the radio or your phone? 3．What should you prepare with your family? 4．What should you do if you are indoors during a dangerous event? 5．What can we learn from the passage? Natural disasters are powerful, but humans are not completely helpless. By working together and using technology, we can reduce the damage they cause and protect ourselves. Here is how we fight back. First, we use technology to get early warnings. Scientists use special tools to watch the earth and sky closely. They can often tell us when a big storm, flood, or earthquake might be coming. For example, before a typhoon hits the coast, weather stations send out warnings. This gives people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water. Second, we build stronger and smarter structures. Engineers design buildings that can stand against the power of nature. In places with many earthquakes, buildings are made to sway a little instead of breaking. In coastal areas, strong walls can help to keep the ocean waves away. For instance, Japan has built high sea walls to protect its towns from tsunamis. Third, community cooperation is the key. When everyone works together, we become stronger. People practise evacuation drills regularly so they know what to do when a disaster really happens. Neighbours check on each other, especially the elderly and children. After a disaster, rescue teams and volunteers from the community and beyond work day and night to help those in need. Some people think we cannot win against nature’s power, and it is true that we cannot stop disasters from happening. However, by preparing well and helping each other, we can greatly reduce the harm they cause. Our best “weapon” is knowledge, preparation, and unity. In short, with early warnings, strong engineering, and community spirit, we can build a safer world even in the face of natural disasters.Task 1: 1．How many main ways to fight against natural disasters does the passage mention? 2．What is the purpose of early warnings before a typhoon? 3．How are buildings in earthquake zones designed to protect people? 4．Why is community cooperation so important according to the passage? Task 2: 5．Imagine you are the leader of your school’s Safety Club. Your town has just received an early warning for a coming typhoon. Based on the passage, write a short speech to tell your schoolmates what they should do to prepare for it. (Use your own words at least 30 words.) 五、选词填空 选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每个选项只能使用一次。 A．suffered from  B．because  C． plenty of  D．reached  E. because of In the summer of 2024, a terrible heatwave hit many countries in Europe, including France, Spain and Italy. The temperature in some areas 1 45 degrees Celsius, which was much higher than the average temperature in previous years. This extreme weather caused a lot of problems for people’s daily lives and the environment. Due to the high temperature, many old people and children 2 heat-related illnesses. Local hospitals were crowded with patients. Farmers also faced big troubles—their crops dried up 3 the lack of rain, and some farm animals died from the heat. Besides, the heatwave increased the risk of wildfires. Several forests in southern Europe caught fire, destroying lots of trees and wildlife habitats. To deal with the heatwave, governments advised people to stay indoors during the hottest hours of the day and drink 4 water. Many public places, such as libraries and community centres, turned on air conditioners for free to help people cool down. Volunteers also helped deliver water and food to the elderly who couldn’t go out easily.  Experts said that such extreme heatwaves might become more frequent due to climate change, so it’s important for everyone to protect the environment. A．powerful      B．prepare for      C．damage      D．suddenly     E.However Typhoons are among the most 1 weather systems in the world. These huge storms form over warm ocean waters and can span hundreds of kilometres. The strong winds and heavy rainfall they bring often cause serious 2 to coastal areas, including flooding, landslides, and destruction of buildings. Weather conditions can change 3 when a typhoon approaches. The sky may darken quickly, winds grow stronger minute by minute, and rain begins to pour heavily. This is why it’s crucial to monitor weather updates during typhoon season. 4 , with proper knowledge and preparation, we can significantly reduce the risks. Before typhoon season begins, families should discuss emergency plans and assemble disaster supply kits. During a typhoon, it’s safest to stay indoors, away from windows, and if authorities recommend evacuation, we should follow their advice promptly. 六、书面表达 1．题目: My Experience with a Natural Disaster 1.词数: 80词左右，书写工整、规范； 2.内容必须包含: （1）介绍你经历的一次自然灾害（台风、小涝灾、小地震等均可）； （2）写清灾害发生的时间、你当时正在做的事情； （3）描述你当时的感受及应对做法； （4）谈谈你从这次经历中得到的启示； 3.要求: 语法正确，语句通顺，逻辑清晰，紧扣主题，可适当合理发挥。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1．请你以“When a typhoon comes”为题，根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文，60个词左右。 Suggestions: 1. What will happen when a typhoon comes? 2. What are the dos and don’ts when a typhoon comes? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $