八下 Unit9 “探索”板块 分层作业【趣味课堂】英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级下册

新仁爱版八下 Unit 9 Forces of Nature “探索”板块 分层作业 英语 班级：_________ 姓名：_________ 学号：________ 基础训练 1、 词汇。根据汉语提示或要求完成句子。(每空一词，缩略算一词。) 1．洪水会将地下河道填满，从而使水流入旱地、水井和泉水中。 Floods can ________ ________ underground waterways and ________ water ________ dry lands, wells and springs. 2．原因是指某事发生的原因，而结果则是指实际发生的事情。 The cause is ________ something happens, and the effect is ________ happens. 3．他修理了破损的门，并用胶水和胶带把所有的窗户都修补好了。 He ________ the broken door and fixed all the windows ________ glue and tape. 4．爸爸正在仔细地检查房子的各个角落。 Dad is carefully ________ the house ________ and ________. 5．我家里的每个人都正忙着做准备。 Everyone in my family ________ ________ ________ preparations. 6．This earthquake was terrible. That earthquake was more terrible. (用than合并) → That earthquake ________ ________ ________ ________ this one. 7．She speaks English well. She speaks English better than her brother. (改为原级比较) → Her brother doesn’t speak English ________ ________ ________ ________. 8．The firefighters worked hard. No one worked harder than them. (改为最高级) → The firefighters worked ________ ________ all. 9．The storm came suddenly. The storm came more suddenly than we thought. (合并为一句) → The storm came ________ ________ ________ we thought. 10．你应该在强烈的震动停止后立即四处走动吗？ Should you ________ ________ right away when the strong shaking stops? 2、 单项选择。 （ ）1．When an earthquake happens, you should hide ________ a strong desk. A．on B．under C．above （ ）2．You can sit in the ________ of the walls to keep safe. A．middle B．corner C．front （ ）3．Hang on to the desk legs when the earth ________. A．shake B．shakes C．shook （ ）4．We should take action ________ people in need. A．help B．to help C．helping （ ）5．You should ________ big trees and power lines in an earthquake. A．keep off B．put up C．take away （ ）6．We must ________ safety training to protect ourselves. A．take part in B．look for C．turn off （ ）7．It’s important to put your knowledge ________ practice. A．into B．on C．with （ ）8．When a typhoon comes, everyone in my family is busy ________ preparations. A．make B．making C．to make D．makes （ ）9．Floods can ________ harmful insects to spread deadly diseases. A．make B．let C．cause D．take （ ）10．The heavy rain ________ a big flood last summer. A． caused B．made C．took D．Got 3、 选词填空 they, call, safe, without, hero, on, during, road, alone, brave, public, make During Typhoon “Huajiasha”, Taishan faced a natural disaster of great power. To keep everyone 1 , the government announced the “Five Stops” order. This meant all 2 activities were stopped and people had to stay indoors. In a mountain village, a young couple were 3 at home when the wife suddenly went into a coma (陷入昏迷). The storm was so strong that no one could come to help them immediately. They felt scared and helpless. This was a true test of staying 4 and calm during an emergency (紧急情况). Upon hearing the news, a team of special police and doctors set off to the village 5 any hesitation (犹豫). They managed to get through the dangerous 6 and finally reached the family. Thanks to 7 heroic efforts, a healthy baby boy was born 8 the storm. To remember this special event and thank the 9 , the parents decided to 10 their son “Tingfeng”, which means the sound of thunder and the spirit of a pioneer. This story has warmed the hearts of people all over the country. 4、 阅读理解 （A） How to Prepare for a Typhoon Typhoons are powerful forces of nature. They bring strong winds and heavy rain, which can cause great damage. To stay safe, it’s important to make good preparations before a typhoon comes. First, check your house. Make sure the doors and windows are strong. If there are any broken parts, repair them quickly. You can use glue and tape to fix the windows so they won’t break easily. This is just like what the father did in our textbook when Typhoon Jamie was coming. Second, prepare necessary things. Go to the supermarket to buy enough food and water. Cooked food is better because you may not be able to cook during the typhoon. Also, remember to buy batteries and put flashlights within reach. When the electricity goes out, you will need them to see in the dark. Third, move things indoors. Bring flowers, chairs and other things from the garden into the house. Strong winds can blow them away and cause damage. The brother in our textbook did this to keep their things safe. Finally, stay indoors during the typhoon. Don’t go outside even if the wind seems to stop. Sometimes the eye of the typhoon passes over, and the wind will come again from the opposite direction. Understanding cause and effect helps us see why we need to prepare. The cause is the coming typhoon, and the effect is that we make preparations to stay safe. By asking questions like “What will happen if we don’t prepare?” we can understand the text better. This is the reading strategy we learned: asking questions before, while and after reading. （ ）1．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Typhoons are very dangerous. B．How to make preparations for a typhoon. C．The effects of typhoons are always bad. D．Asking questions helps us read better. （ ）2．Why should we use glue and tape to fix windows? A．To make the house look beautiful. B．To stop the wind from breaking them easily. C．To move them indoors quickly. D．To see in the dark. （ ）3．What does “within reach” mean in the passage? A．Far away B．Easy to get C．Very high D．Very low （ ）4．Why shouldn’t we go outside even if the wind seems to stop? A．Because the rain is still heavy. B．Because the eye of the typhoon may pass over and the wind will come again. C．Because we need to stay inside to watch TV. D．Because the government asks us to stay at home. （ ）5．What reading strategy is mentioned at the end of the passage? A．Making connections B．Sequencing events C．Asking questions D．Taking notes （B） How to Stay Safe in an Earthquake Earthquakes are sudden and can cause great damage. Knowing what to do during an earthquake can save your life. If you are inside a building, stay there. Drop to the ground, take cover under a strong table or desk, and hold on until the shaking stops. Stay away from windows, bookcases, or heavy objects that might fall. If you are in bed, stay there and cover your head with a pillow. If you are outside, move to an open area. Stay away from buildings, trees, streetlights, and power lines. If you are in a car, pull over to a safe place and stop. Stay inside the car until the shaking stops. After the earthquake, be careful of aftershocks. Check yourself and others for injuries. If you are trapped, cover your mouth with a cloth to avoid breathing dust. Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you. Do not use matches or lighters, because there may be gas leaks. Remember, being prepared can make a big difference. （ ）6．What should you do first if you are indoors during an earthquake? A．Run outside quickly. B．Drop to the ground and take cover. C．Stand near a window. D．Call for help. （ ）7．Where should you stay if you are in a car during an earthquake? A．Get out and run. B．Stay inside the car. C．Drive away fast. D．Hide under the car. （ ）8．Why should you cover your mouth with a cloth if trapped? A．To keep warm. B．To avoid breathing dust. C．To call for help. D．To protect from gas. （ ）9．Which of the following is NOT a safe place during an earthquake? A．Under a strong desk. B．In an open area. C．Near a power line. D．Inside a car. （ ）10．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．How earthquakes happen. B．How to stay safe in an earthquake. C．Why earthquakes are dangerous. D．What to do after an earthquake. （C） On December 26th, 2004, a terrible disaster happened in the Indian Ocean. It began with a huge earthquake under the sea near Sumatra Island in Indonesia. The quake measured 9.1 on the Richter scale, and it was so strong that it made big waves, called a tsunami (海啸). These waves traveled quickly across the ocean. In just a few hours, these waves hit many countries around the Indian Ocean, like Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India and Thailand. They destroyed (摧毁) many villages and beaches. Sadly, about 230,000 people lost their lives. What’s worse, more than 1.7 million people had to leave their homes because there was nowhere safe. The disaster came so fast and suddenly that most people didn’t have enough time to run away, and there was no warning system to alert (使警觉) them. ▲ Many countries sent food, medicine and rescue (救援) teams to help those in need. People from all over the world also gave money to help rebuild new houses and schools. A very important lesson we learned was that we need a tsunami warning system to know when a tsunami is coming. This system was built to protect people from future dangers. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 （ ）11．Where did the earthquake that caused the tsunami start? A． Near Sri Lanka’s coast. B．Close to India’s beaches. C．In the middle of the Indian Ocean. D．Under the sea near Sumatra Island in Indonesia. （ ）12．How many people died in the disaster? A．About 23,000. B．About 230,000. C．About 170,000. D．About 1,700,000. （ ）13．Why couldn’t most people run away from the tsunami? A． Because the waves were huge. B．Because the tsunami happened so fast and suddenly. C．Because they didn’t want to leave their homes. D．Because the roads were blocked by the earthquake. （ ）14．Which one can be put into ▲ ? A．After the tsunami, people around the world wanted to help. B．A large number of people became homeless. C．The tsunami did great harm to the countries around the ocean. D．Other countries realized the importance of fighting against the tsunami. （ ）15．What do we know about the tsunami warning system? A． It was made for Indonesia. B．It was built before the 2004 disaster. C．It was not useful for future disasters. D．It was built to protect people from future dangers. 拓展提升 一、完形填空。 Natural disasters like floods and typhoons can be very harmful. Last summer, a big typhoon hit our city. Everyone in my family was busy 1 preparations. My mother went to the supermarket to buy food and water. My father 2 the house carefully. He repaired the broken door and 3 all the windows with glue and tape. My brother moved the flowers and other things indoors. I put the flashlights 4 our reach so we could find them easily in the dark. Typhoons can cause great damage. They can blow down trees and break windows. Sometimes they even 5 big floods. When floods happen, people may 6 their homes. Harmful insects may appear and 7 deadly diseases. These are the bad 8 of floods. However, the effects of floods are not always bad. For example, floods can 9 underground waterways and lead water to dry lands. This helps plants grow and brings water to wells and springs. Understanding 10 and effect helps us learn about natural disasters and how to prepare for them. We should always be ready and stay safe. （ ）1．A．make B．making C．to make D．makes （ ）2．A．check B．checks C．checked D．is checking （ ）3．A．fix B．fixed C．fixes D．fixing （ ）4．A．in B．on C．within D．from （ ）5．A．cause B．make C．take D．get （ ）6．A．lose B．lost C．losing D．loses （ ）7．A．spread B．spreaded C．spreading D．spreads （ ）8．A．causes B．effects C．reasons D．results （ ）9．A．fill up B．fill with C．fill in D．fill out （ ）10．A．cause B．effect C．reason D．result 二、 任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 Natural disasters are powerful, but humans are not completely helpless. By working together and using technology, we can reduce the damage they cause and protect ourselves. Here is how we fight back. First, we use technology to get early warnings. Scientists use special tools to watch the earth and sky closely. They can often tell us when a big storm, flood, or earthquake might be coming. For example, before a typhoon hits the coast, weather stations send out warnings. This gives people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water. Second, we build stronger and smarter structures. Engineers design buildings that can stand against the power of nature. In places with many earthquakes, buildings are made to sway a little instead of breaking. In coastal areas, strong walls can help to keep the ocean waves away. For instance, Japan has built high sea walls to protect its towns from tsunamis. Third, community cooperation is the key. When everyone works together, we become stronger. People practise evacuation drills regularly so they know what to do when a disaster really happens. Neighbours check on each other, especially the elderly and children. After a disaster, rescue teams and volunteers from the community and beyond work day and night to help those in need. Some people think we cannot win against nature’s power, and it is true that we cannot stop disasters from happening. However, by preparing well and helping each other, we can greatly reduce the harm they cause. Our best “weapon” is knowledge, preparation, and unity. In short, with early warnings, strong engineering, and community spirit, we can build a safer world even in the face of natural disasters.Task 1: 1．How many main ways to fight against natural disasters does the passage mention? 2．What is the purpose of early warnings before a typhoon? 3．How are buildings in earthquake zones designed to protect people? 4．Why is community cooperation so important according to the passage? Task 2: 5．Imagine you are the leader of your school’s Safety Club. Your town has just received an early warning for a coming typhoon. Based on the passage, write a short speech to tell your schoolmates what they should do to prepare for it. (Use your own words at least 30 words.) 三、语言运用 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Earthquakes happen all the time around the world. We need to know how to protect 1 (we). 2 (首先), you must know where to hide. If you are indoors, hide 3 a strong desk and hang on to 4 (it) legs. You can also sit in the 5 (corner) of the walls. We should keep 6 from windows and heavy things. It’s important to take part 7 school safety training. It helps us put knowledge into 8 (practice). We should prepare 9 emergency kit. It can 10 (save) our lives. 四、书面表达 近期你所在的地区频繁出现强暴雨天气。假设你是学校学生会安全部部长李军，请你用英语写一则通知，告知同学们上学、放学途中如何自我保护，提醒大家安全出行。 写作提示： NOTICEWear a raincoat, non-slip shoes (防滑鞋); Stay away from deep water; Walk slowly and cross only when the traffic light turns green; … 写作要求： 1. 文中需包含写作提示的所有信息，可适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名和地名； 3. 词数：80—100词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Attention, please! Heavy storms hit our areas quite often. To keep safe on the way to and from school, here are some tips. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Cherish life and pay more attention to safety. Let’s do it together. Safety Department April 28th, 20XX 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新仁爱版八下 Unit 9 Forces of Nature “探索”板块 分层作业 英语（全解全析） 班级：_________ 姓名：_________ 学号：________ 基础训练 1、 词汇。根据汉语提示或要求完成句子。(每空一词，缩略算一词。) 1．洪水会将地下河道填满，从而使水流入旱地、水井和泉水中。 Floods can ________ ________ underground waterways and ________ water ________ dry lands, wells and springs. 【答案】 fill up lead to 【详解】前两空：原句中“填满”是关键词，表示“填满”的动词短语是fill up。后两空：原句中“使……流入”是关键词，表示“使……流向”的动词短语是lead...to，lead water to…意为 “使水流向……；把水引到……”。情态动词can后接动词原形，由and连接并列的fill和lead。 2．原因是指某事发生的原因，而结果则是指实际发生的事情。 The cause is ________ something happens, and the effect is ________ happens. 【答案】 why what 【详解】原句中“某事发生的原因”对应表语从句引导词“why”，表示“……的原因”；“实际发生的事情”对应表语从句引导词“what”，在从句中作主语，指代“发生的事情”。 3．他修理了破损的门，并用胶水和胶带把所有的窗户都修补好了。 He ________ the broken door and fixed all the windows ________ glue and tape. 【答案】 repaired with 【详解】原句中“修理”和“用”是关键词。repair表示“修理”，由“fixed”可知，此句是一般过去时，动词用过去式repaired；with表示“用”，是介词。 4．爸爸正在仔细地检查房子的各个角落。 Dad is carefully ________ the house ________ and ________. 【答案】 checking in out 【详解】原句中“检查”和“各个角落”是关键词。表示“检查”的单词是check，is后接现在分词构成现在进行时；表示“各个角落”的短语是in and out。故填checking；in；out。 5．我家里的每个人都正忙着做准备。 Everyone in my family ________ ________ ________ preparations. 【答案】 is busy making 【详解】原句中“忙着做准备”是关键词。表示“忙着做某事”的短语是be busy doing，主语是everyone，be动词用is；表示“做准备”的短语是make preparations。故填is；busy；making。 6．This earthquake was terrible. That earthquake was more terrible. (用than合并) → That earthquake ________ ________ ________ ________ this one. 【答案】 was more terrible than 【详解】句意：这次地震很可怕。那次地震更可怕。合并后形成比较级句子，主语是That earthquake，谓语用was，terrible比较级为more terrible，后面接比较级的标志词than。 7．She speaks English well. She speaks English better than her brother. (改为原级比较) → Her brother doesn’t speak English ________ ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 as well as her 【详解】句意：她英语说得很好。她英语说得比她哥哥好。改为原级比较，她哥哥英语说得不如她好，用not as+原级+as，故填as；well；as；her。 8．The firefighters worked hard. No one worked harder than them. (改为最高级) → The firefighters worked ________ ________ all. 【答案】 hardest/the hardest of 【详解】句意：所有消防员中，他们工作最努力。"没有人比他们更努力"即他们是最努力的，用最高级结构 (the) hardest of all，of all 表示比较范围。 9．The storm came suddenly. The storm came more suddenly than we thought. (合并为一句) → The storm came ________ ________ ________ we thought. 【答案】 more suddenly than 【详解】句意：风暴来得十分突然。风暴来得比我们想象的还要突然。根据要求可知，合并为一句，原句意为“风暴来得比我们想象的更突然”，合并后直接用比较级结构more suddenly than，副词suddenly的比较级，suddenly修饰动词came。 10．你应该在强烈的震动停止后立即四处走动吗？ Should you ________ ________ right away when the strong shaking stops? 【答案】 move around 【详解】原句中“四处走动”是关键词，表示“四处走动”的短语是move around。本句为一般疑问句，情态动词should后接动词原形。 2、 单项选择。 （ ）1．When an earthquake happens, you should hide ________ a strong desk. A．on B．under C．above 【答案】B 【详解】句意：地震发生时，你应该躲在结实的桌子下面。 on在……上面；under在……下面；above在……之上（不接触）。地震避险标准动作为“躲在桌子下”，用under“在……下面”。 （ ）2．You can sit in the ________ of the walls to keep safe. A．middle B．corner C．front 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你可以坐在墙的角落保证安全。 middle中间；corner角落；front前面。结合安全避险常识，墙角是合适的安全位置，符合语境，应填corner。 （ ）3．Hang on to the desk legs when the earth ________. A．shake B．shakes C．shook 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当地球晃动时，抓住桌子腿。 本句主句为祈使句，when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主语the earth是第三人称单数，谓语动词需要使用第三人称单数形式。 （ ）4．We should take action ________ people in need. A．help B．to help C．helping 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该采取行动帮助有需要的人。 help帮助；to help帮助（动词不定式）；helping帮助（动名词/现在分词）。此处考查固定搭配take action to do sth，不定式在这里表目的，该搭配意为采取行动做某事。 （ ）5．You should ________ big trees and power lines in an earthquake. A．keep off B．put up C．take away 【答案】A 【详解】句意：地震时你应该远离大树和电线。 keep off远离、不靠近；put up张贴、搭建；take away带走、拿走。根据地震安全常识，需远离大树、电线这类危险物体，keep off 符合语境。 （ ）6．We must ________ safety training to protect ourselves. A．take part in B．look for C．turn off 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们必须参加安全培训以保护自己。 take part in参加（活动）；look for寻找；turn off关闭。根据“safety training to protect ourselves.”可知，参加安全培训是保护自己的方式，take part in符合语境。 （ ）7．It’s important to put your knowledge ________ practice. A．into B．on C．with 【答案】A 【详解】句意：把你的知识付诸实践是很重要的。 短语“put...into practice”意为“把……付诸实践、实行”，是固定用法。因此此处，应填into。 （ ）8．When a typhoon comes, everyone in my family is busy ________ preparations. A．make B．making C．to make D．makes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：台风来临时，我家每个人都在忙着做准备。 make为动词原形；making动名词；to make为不定式；makes为第三人称单数。be busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”，是固定结构。故选B。 （ ）9．Floods can ________ harmful insects to spread deadly diseases. A．make B．let C．cause D．take 【答案】C 【详解】句意：洪水会导致有害昆虫传播致命的疾病。 make使得；let让；cause导致；take带走。根据“Floods can...harmful insects to spread deadly diseases.”可知，洪水会导致有害昆虫传播疾病，cause sb. to do sth.“导致某人做某事”，应填cause。 （ ）10．The heavy rain ________ a big flood last summer. A．caused B．made C．took D．got 【答案】A 【详解】句意：去年夏天的大雨引发了一场大洪水。 caused 引起，导致（某事发生）；made 制作，使；took 拿走，带走；got 得到，变得。根据“a big flood”可知，此处表示“引起”大洪水，应填caused。 3、 选词填空 they, call, safe, without, hero, on, during, road, alone, brave, public, make During Typhoon “Huajiasha”, Taishan faced a natural disaster of great power. To keep everyone 1 , the government announced the “Five Stops” order. This meant all 2 activities were stopped and people had to stay indoors. In a mountain village, a young couple were 3 at home when the wife suddenly went into a coma (陷入昏迷). The storm was so strong that no one could come to help them immediately. They felt scared and helpless. This was a true test of staying 4 and calm during an emergency (紧急情况). Upon hearing the news, a team of special police and doctors set off to the village 5 any hesitation (犹豫). They managed to get through the dangerous 6 and finally reached the family. Thanks to 7 heroic efforts, a healthy baby boy was born 8 the storm. To remember this special event and thank the 9 , the parents decided to 10 their son “Tingfeng”, which means the sound of thunder and the spirit of a pioneer. This story has warmed the hearts of people all over the country. 【答案】 1．safe 2．public 3．alone 4．brave 5．without 6．roads 7．their 8．during 9．heroes 10．call 【导语】本文讲述了台风“华沙”期间，泰山遭遇强自然灾害，一对山村夫妇在家中遭遇紧急情况，特警和医生团队无畏艰险前往救援，最终婴儿平安降生，夫妇为感谢救援人员给孩子取名“听风”的暖心故事。 1．句意：为了保障所有人的安全，政府宣布了“五停”令。根据“keep everyone”和备选词可知，此处指保障人们的安全，safe“安全的”符合语境。故填safe。 2．句意：这意味着所有公共活动都将停止，人们必须待在室内。根据“activities were stopped”和备选词可知，此处指停止各类公共活动，public“公共的”符合语境，在此处修饰名词activities。故填public。 3．句意：在一个山村，一对年轻夫妇独自在家时，妻子突然陷入昏迷。根据“a young couple were…at home”和备选词可知，指夫妇二人独自在家，alone“独自地”符合语境。故填alone。 4．句意：这是对紧急情况下保持勇敢和冷静的真正考验。根据“staying…and calm”和备选词可知，此处指在紧急情况中保持勇敢，brave“勇敢的”符合语境。故填 brave。 5．句意：得知消息后，一支特警和医生队伍毫不犹豫地出发前往村庄。根据“set off…any hesitation”和备选词可知，此处指一支特警和医生队伍毫不犹豫地出发前往村庄，without hesitation“毫不犹豫”，固定搭配。故填without。 6．句意：他们成功穿过了危险的道路，最终抵达了这户人家。根据“get through the dangerous” 和备选词可知，指台风中危险的道路，road“道路”符合语境，路不止一条，应用复数。故填roads。 7．句意：多亏了他们的英勇努力，一个健康的男婴在暴风雨期间降生了。根据“Thanks to…heroic efforts”和备选词可知，此处需填形容词性物主代词指代前文的special police and doctors，应用they“他们”的形容词性物主代词their“他们的”。故填their。 8．句意：多亏了他们的英勇努力，一个健康的男婴在暴风雨期间降生了。根据“was born…the storm”和备选词可知，指婴儿在台风期间出生，during“在……期间”符合语境。故填during。 9．句意：为了纪念这一特殊事件并感谢这些英雄，父母决定给他们的儿子取名“听风”。根据“thank the”和备选词可知，此处需填名词复数指代救援的特警和医生，hero“英雄”的复数形式 heroes“英雄们”符合语境。故填heroes。 10．句意：为了纪念这一特殊事件并感谢这些英雄，父母决定给他们的儿子取名“听风”。根据“decided to…their son ‘Tingfeng’”和备选词可知，此处指给他们的儿子取名，call“称呼、命名”符合语境，动词不定式后接动词原形。故填call。 4、 阅读理解 （A） How to Prepare for a Typhoon Typhoons are powerful forces of nature. They bring strong winds and heavy rain, which can cause great damage. To stay safe, it’s important to make good preparations before a typhoon comes. First, check your house. Make sure the doors and windows are strong. If there are any broken parts, repair them quickly. You can use glue and tape to fix the windows so they won’t break easily. This is just like what the father did in our textbook when Typhoon Jamie was coming. Second, prepare necessary things. Go to the supermarket to buy enough food and water. Cooked food is better because you may not be able to cook during the typhoon. Also, remember to buy batteries and put flashlights within reach. When the electricity goes out, you will need them to see in the dark. Third, move things indoors. Bring flowers, chairs and other things from the garden into the house. Strong winds can blow them away and cause damage. The brother in our textbook did this to keep their things safe. Finally, stay indoors during the typhoon. Don’t go outside even if the wind seems to stop. Sometimes the eye of the typhoon passes over, and the wind will come again from the opposite direction. Understanding cause and effect helps us see why we need to prepare. The cause is the coming typhoon, and the effect is that we make preparations to stay safe. By asking questions like “What will happen if we don’t prepare?” we can understand the text better. This is the reading strategy we learned: asking questions before, while and after reading. （ ）1．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Typhoons are very dangerous. B．How to make preparations for a typhoon. C．The effects of typhoons are always bad. D．Asking questions helps us read better. （ ）2．Why should we use glue and tape to fix windows? A．To make the house look beautiful. B．To stop the wind from breaking them easily. C．To move them indoors quickly. D．To see in the dark. （ ）3．What does “within reach” mean in the passage? A．Far away B．Easy to get C．Very high D．Very low （ ）4．Why shouldn’t we go outside even if the wind seems to stop? A．Because the rain is still heavy. B．Because the eye of the typhoon may pass over and the wind will come again. C．Because we need to stay inside to watch TV. D．Because the government asks us to stay at home. （ ）5．What reading strategy is mentioned at the end of the passage? A．Making connections B．Sequencing events C．Asking questions D．Taking notes 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了台风来临前的四项安全准备措施：检查房屋、准备必需品、将物品移入室内、台风期间待在室内，并在文末点明了“阅读前、阅读中、阅读后提问”的阅读策略，帮助读者更好地理解因果关系。 1．文章首段点明主旨“To stay safe, it’s important to make good preparations before a typhoon comes.”和后文分点详细介绍了具体准备方法可知，文章主要讲述了如何为台风做准备。 2．根据第二段中“You can use glue and tape to fix the windows so they won’t break easily.”可知，用胶水和胶带修复窗户是为了防止风轻易把窗户吹破。 3．根据第三段中“Also, remember to buy batteries and put flashlights within reach. When the electricity goes out, you will need them to see in the dark.”可知，“within reach”意为“easy to get”。 4．根据第四段中“Sometimes the eye of the typhoon passes over, and the wind will come again from the opposite direction.”可知，因为台风眼可能经过，之后风会从反方向再次吹来。 5．根据最后一段“This is the reading strategy we learned: asking questions before, while and after reading.”可知，文章结尾提到了提问阅读策略。 （B） How to Stay Safe in an Earthquake Earthquakes are sudden and can cause great damage. Knowing what to do during an earthquake can save your life. If you are inside a building, stay there. Drop to the ground, take cover under a strong table or desk, and hold on until the shaking stops. Stay away from windows, bookcases, or heavy objects that might fall. If you are in bed, stay there and cover your head with a pillow. If you are outside, move to an open area. Stay away from buildings, trees, streetlights, and power lines. If you are in a car, pull over to a safe place and stop. Stay inside the car until the shaking stops. After the earthquake, be careful of aftershocks. Check yourself and others for injuries. If you are trapped, cover your mouth with a cloth to avoid breathing dust. Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you. Do not use matches or lighters, because there may be gas leaks. Remember, being prepared can make a big difference. （ ）6．What should you do first if you are indoors during an earthquake? A．Run outside quickly. B．Drop to the ground and take cover. C．Stand near a window. D．Call for help. （ ）7．Where should you stay if you are in a car during an earthquake? A．Get out and run. B．Stay inside the car. C．Drive away fast. D．Hide under the car. （ ）8．Why should you cover your mouth with a cloth if trapped? A．To keep warm. B．To avoid breathing dust. C．To call for help. D．To protect from gas. （ ）9．Which of the following is NOT a safe place during an earthquake? A．Under a strong desk. B．In an open area. C．Near a power line. D．Inside a car. （ ）10．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．How earthquakes happen. B．How to stay safe in an earthquake. C．Why earthquakes are dangerous. D．What to do after an earthquake. 【答案】6．B 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在地震发生时室内、室外、车内等不同场景下的安全应对措施，以及震后的注意事项。 6．第二段第一句“If you are inside a building, stay there. Drop to the ground, take cover under a strong table or desk, and hold on until the shaking stops.”明确指出室内避震的第一步是“蹲下并寻找掩护”。 7．第三段最后两句“If you are in a car, pull over to a safe place and stop. Stay inside the car until the shaking stops.”说明车内避震时应待在车内。 8．第四段“If you are trapped, cover your mouth with a cloth to avoid breathing dust.”明确指出用布捂住嘴巴是为了避免吸入灰尘。 9．第三段提到户外避震要“Stay away from buildings, trees, streetlights, and power lines”，因此靠近电线是不安全的。 10．文章标题为“How to Stay Safe in an Earthquake”，全文围绕地震时室内、室外、车内及震后如何保护自己展开，因此主旨是介绍地震中的安全措施。 （C） On December 26th, 2004, a terrible disaster happened in the Indian Ocean. It began with a huge earthquake under the sea near Sumatra Island in Indonesia. The quake measured 9.1 on the Richter scale, and it was so strong that it made big waves, called a tsunami (海啸). These waves traveled quickly across the ocean. In just a few hours, these waves hit many countries around the Indian Ocean, like Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India and Thailand. They destroyed (摧毁) many villages and beaches. Sadly, about 230,000 people lost their lives. What’s worse, more than 1.7 million people had to leave their homes because there was nowhere safe. The disaster came so fast and suddenly that most people didn’t have enough time to run away, and there was no warning system to alert (使警觉) them. ▲ Many countries sent food, medicine and rescue (救援) teams to help those in need. People from all over the world also gave money to help rebuild new houses and schools. A very important lesson we learned was that we need a tsunami warning system to know when a tsunami is coming. This system was built to protect people from future dangers. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 （ ）11．Where did the earthquake that caused the tsunami start? A． Near Sri Lanka’s coast. B．Close to India’s beaches. C．In the middle of the Indian Ocean. D．Under the sea near Sumatra Island in Indonesia. （ ）12．How many people died in the disaster? A．About 23,000. B．About 230,000. C．About 170,000. D．About 1,700,000. （ ）13．Why couldn’t most people run away from the tsunami? A． Because the waves were huge. B．Because the tsunami happened so fast and suddenly. C．Because they didn’t want to leave their homes. D．Because the roads were blocked by the earthquake. （ ）14．Which one can be put into ▲ ? A．After the tsunami, people around the world wanted to help. B．A large number of people became homeless. C．The tsunami did great harm to the countries around the ocean. D．Other countries realized the importance of fighting against the tsunami. （ ）15．What do we know about the tsunami warning system? A． It was made for Indonesia. B．It was built before the 2004 disaster. C．It was not useful for future disasters. D．It was built to protect people from future dangers. 【答案】11．D 12．B 13．B 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文主要讲了2004年12月26日印度洋发生由海底地震引发的特大海啸，给多国带来巨大灾难，之后全球伸出援手，并从中吸取教训建立海啸预警系统的故事。 11．细节理解题。根据“It began with a huge earthquake under the sea near Sumatra Island in Indonesia.”可知，引发海啸的地震始于印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛附近的海底。故选D。 12．细节理解题。根据“Sadly, about 230,000 people lost their lives.”可知，灾难中约有23万人遇难。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据“The disaster came so fast and suddenly that most people didn’t have enough time to run away”可知，大多数人没能逃离是因为海啸发生得太快太突然。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据“Many countries sent food, medicine and rescue teams to help those in need. People from all over the world also gave money to help rebuild new houses and schools.”可知，本段主要讲海啸后世界各地的人们纷纷伸出援手。故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据“This system was built to protect people from future dangers.”可知，建立海啸预警系统是为了保护人们免受未来危险的伤害。故选D。 拓展提升 一、完形填空。 Natural disasters like floods and typhoons can be very harmful. Last summer, a big typhoon hit our city. Everyone in my family was busy 1 preparations. My mother went to the supermarket to buy food and water. My father 2 the house carefully. He repaired the broken door and 3 all the windows with glue and tape. My brother moved the flowers and other things indoors. I put the flashlights 4 our reach so we could find them easily in the dark. Typhoons can cause great damage. They can blow down trees and break windows. Sometimes they even 5 big floods. When floods happen, people may 6 their homes. Harmful insects may appear and 7 deadly diseases. These are the bad 8 of floods. However, the effects of floods are not always bad. For example, floods can 9 underground waterways and lead water to dry lands. This helps plants grow and brings water to wells and springs. Understanding 10 and effect helps us learn about natural disasters and how to prepare for them. We should always be ready and stay safe. （ ）1．A．make B．making C．to make D．makes （ ）2．A．check B．checks C．checked D．is checking （ ）3．A．fix B．fixed C．fixes D．fixing （ ）4．A．in B．on C．within D．from （ ）5．A．cause B．make C．take D．get （ ）6．A．lose B．lost C．losing D．loses （ ）7．A．spread B．spreaded C．spreading D．spreads （ ）8．A．causes B．effects C．reasons D．results （ ）9．A．fill up B．fill with C．fill in D．fill out （ ）10．A．cause B．effect C．reason D．result 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了台风和洪水等自然灾害的危害、影响，以及洪水也有好的一面，强调了解因果关系有助于我们应对自然灾害。 1．句意：我家每个人都在忙着做准备。 “be busy doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“忙于做某事”，所以此处应用“making”。“make”是动词原形，“to make”是动词不定式，“makes”是第三人称单数形式，均不符合该固定搭配。 2．句意：我爸爸仔细地检查了房子。 根据前文“Last summer”以及上下文描述的过去发生的一系列动作，可知此处应用一般过去时，“checked”是“check”的过去式，符合语境。“check”是动词原形，“checks”是第三人称单数形式，“is checking”是现在进行时，均不符合时态要求。 3．句意：他修理了坏掉的门，并用胶水和胶带固定了所有的窗户。 根据前文“repaired”以及上下文整体时态为一般过去时，可知此处也应用一般过去时，“fixed”是“fix”的过去式，符合语境。“fix”是动词原形，“fixes”是第三人称单数形式，“fixing”是现在分词形式，均不符合时态要求。 4．句意：我把手电筒放在我们够得着的地方，这样我们在黑暗中就能很容易地找到它们。 “within one’s reach”是固定短语，意为“在某人够得着的范围内”，所以此处应用“within”。“in”，“on”，“from”均不能与“our reach”构成该固定短语。 5．句意：有时它们甚至会引发大洪水。 “cause”有“引起；导致”的意思，“cause big floods”表示“引发大洪水”，符合语境。“make”通常表示“制作；使成为”等意思；“take”意为“拿走；带走”等；“get”意为“得到；获得”等，均不符合“引发洪水”的语境。 6．句意：当洪水发生时，人们可能会失去他们的家园。 “may”是情态动词，后接动词原形，“lose”是动词原形，符合语法规则。“lost”是“lose”的过去式和过去分词，“losing”是现在分词形式，“loses”是第三人称单数形式，均不符合情态动词后接动词原形的规则。 7．句意：有害的昆虫可能会出现并传播致命的疾病。 “may”是情态动词，后接动词原形，“spread”是动词原形，意为“传播”，符合语法规则。“spreaded”拼写错误，“spreading”是现在分词形式，“spreads”是第三人称单数形式，均不符合情态动词后接动词原形的规则。 8．句意：这些是洪水的坏影响。 根据前文描述洪水带来的各种危害，可知此处说的是洪水的“影响”，“effects”意为“影响；效果”，符合语境。“causes”意为“原因”；“reasons”意为“理由”；“results”意为“结果”，均不符合语境。 9．句意：例如，洪水可以填满地下河道，并把水引到干旱的土地上。 “fill up”意为“填满；装满”，“fill up underground waterways”表示“填满地下河道”，符合语境。“fill with”表示“用……填满”，后面需要接宾语；“fill in”意为“填写；填充”；“fill out”意为“填写；变丰满”，均不符合语境。 10．句意：了解原因和结果有助于我们了解自然灾害以及如何为它们做准备。 根据后文“and effect”可知，此处应填“cause”，“cause and effect”表示“因果关系”，符合语境。“effect”意为“影响；效果”；“reason”意为“理由”；“result”意为“结果”，均不符合语境。 二、 任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 Natural disasters are powerful, but humans are not completely helpless. By working together and using technology, we can reduce the damage they cause and protect ourselves. Here is how we fight back. First, we use technology to get early warnings. Scientists use special tools to watch the earth and sky closely. They can often tell us when a big storm, flood, or earthquake might be coming. For example, before a typhoon hits the coast, weather stations send out warnings. This gives people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water. Second, we build stronger and smarter structures. Engineers design buildings that can stand against the power of nature. In places with many earthquakes, buildings are made to sway a little instead of breaking. In coastal areas, strong walls can help to keep the ocean waves away. For instance, Japan has built high sea walls to protect its towns from tsunamis. Third, community cooperation is the key. When everyone works together, we become stronger. People practise evacuation drills regularly so they know what to do when a disaster really happens. Neighbours check on each other, especially the elderly and children. After a disaster, rescue teams and volunteers from the community and beyond work day and night to help those in need. Some people think we cannot win against nature’s power, and it is true that we cannot stop disasters from happening. However, by preparing well and helping each other, we can greatly reduce the harm they cause. Our best “weapon” is knowledge, preparation, and unity. In short, with early warnings, strong engineering, and community spirit, we can build a safer world even in the face of natural disasters.Task 1: 1．How many main ways to fight against natural disasters does the passage mention? 2．What is the purpose of early warnings before a typhoon? 3．How are buildings in earthquake zones designed to protect people? 4．Why is community cooperation so important according to the passage? Task 2: 5．Imagine you are the leader of your school’s Safety Club. Your town has just received an early warning for a coming typhoon. Based on the passage, write a short speech to tell your schoolmates what they should do to prepare for it. (Use your own words at least 30 words.) 【答案】 1．Three main ways. 2．To give people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water. 3．They are made to sway a little instead of breaking. 4．Because when everyone works together, people become stronger. They can practise evacuation drills, check on each other, and help those in need after disasters. 5．Hello, everyone! A typhoon is coming. First, please stay calm. We should help our families prepare an emergency kit with food, water, and a flashlight. Also, remember to stay indoors when the typhoon comes. Let’s check our classrooms to make sure all windows are closed. Finally, listen to the latest news. Let’s work together to stay safe! (Any reasonable answer is OK.) 【导语】本文主要介绍了几种应对自然灾害的方法。 1．第二段“First…”、第三段“Second…”和第四段Third…”明确指出有三种与自然灾害作斗争的主要方法。 2．第二段提到“First, we use technology to get early warnings…This gives people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water.”，说明其目的是给人们时间做准备，如转移到更安全的地方或储存食物和水。 3．第三段提到“In places with many earthquakes, buildings are made to sway a little instead of breaking.”，说明建筑物会稍微摇晃一下，而不会倒塌，以此来保护人们。 4．第四段提到“When everyone works together, we become stronger. People practise evacuation drills regularly so they know what to do when a disaster really happens. Neighbours check on each other, especially the elderly and children. After a disaster, rescue teams and volunteers from the community and beyond work day and night to help those in need.”，说明当大家齐心协力时，人们会变得更强大，他们可以一起进行疏散演练，互相照应，并在灾后帮助那些需要帮助的人。 5．开放性题目，答案不唯一，结合文章内容合理作答即可，注意词数要求。 三、语言运用 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Earthquakes happen all the time around the world. We need to know how to protect 1 (we). 2 (首先), you must know where to hide. If you are indoors, hide 3 a strong desk and hang on to 4 (it) legs. You can also sit in the 5 (corner) of the walls. We should keep 6 from windows and heavy things. It’s important to take part 7 school safety training. It helps us put knowledge into 8 (practice). We should prepare 9 emergency kit. It can 10 (save) our lives. 【答案】1．ourselves 2．First/Firstly/First of all 3．under 4．its 5．corner 6．away 7．in 8．practice 9．an 10．save 【导语】本文介绍了地震发生时的自我保护方法，包括室内避险位置的选择、远离危险物以及参加安全培训和准备应急包的重要性。 1．句意：我们需要知道如何保护我们自己。介词“protect”后需接反身代词作宾语，“we”对应的反身代词为“ourselves”。 2．句意：首先，你必须知道藏在哪里。“首先”可译为First或Firstly或First of all，表示顺序，置于句首需大写首字母。 3．句意：如果你在室内，躲在一张结实的桌子下面。根据常识，地震时要躲在结实的桌子下方，“hide under”表示“藏在……下面”，需用介词“under”。 4．句意：抓住桌腿。修饰名词“legs”，需用形容词性物主代词“its”，表示“它的”。 5．句意：你也可以坐在墙角。表示“在墙角”常用介词短语“in the corner”，此处用名词单数“corner”。 6．句意：我们应该远离窗户和重物。“keep away from”是固定搭配，表示“远离”。 7．句意：参加学校安全培训很重要。“take part in”是固定搭配，表示“参加”，需用介词“in”。 8．句意：它帮助我们学以致用。“put into practice”是固定搭配，表示“付诸实践”，需用名词“practice”。 9．句意：我们应该准备一个应急包。“emergency kit”为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且“emergency”以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词“an”。 10．句意：它可以拯救我们的生命。情态动词“can”后需接动词原形，“save”意为“拯救”。 四、书面表达 近期你所在的地区频繁出现强暴雨天气。假设你是学校学生会安全部部长李军，请你用英语写一则通知，告知同学们上学、放学途中如何自我保护，提醒大家安全出行。 写作提示： NOTICEWear a raincoat, non-slip shoes (防滑鞋); Stay away from deep water; Walk slowly and cross only when the traffic light turns green; … 写作要求： 1. 文中需包含写作提示的所有信息，可适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名和地名； 3. 词数：80—100词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Attention, please! Heavy storms hit our areas quite often. To keep safe on the way to and from school, here are some tips. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Cherish life and pay more attention to safety. Let’s do it together. Safety Department April 28th, 20XX 【答案】例文 Attention, please! Heavy storms hit our areas quite often. To keep safe on the way to and from school, here are some tips. First, wear a raincoat instead of an umbrella because it’s safer in strong winds. Also, put on your non-slip shoes to avoid falling. Second, stay away from deep water. You can’t know how deep it is, and there may be holes. Most importantly, if the river water covers the road, never walk through it. Third, be more careful on the road. Drivers can’t see very well, so walk slowly and cross only when the traffic light turns green. If you get into trouble, ask an adult for help or call your teacher or parents right away.   Cherish life and pay more attention to safety. Let’s do it together. Safety Department April 28th, 20XX 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为学校发布的安全提示通知； ②时态：主要使用一般现在时，用于说明安全规则和建议； ③提示：向学生介绍暴风雨天气下上下学的安全注意事项。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开头点明背景：说明暴风雨天气频发，引出安全提示的目的。 第二步，中间分点给出具体安全建议： 强调穿戴合适的雨具和防滑鞋； 提醒远离深水和被河水淹没的道路； 要求路上更加小心，遇到困难及时求助。 第三步，结尾发出倡议：呼吁大家珍惜生命、重视安全，共同遵守安全规则。 [亮点词汇] ①non-slip防滑的 ②cherish珍惜；重视 ③attention注意；关注 ④immediately立即；马上 [高分句型] ①To keep safe on the way to and from school, here are some tips.（此句使用不定式短语作目的状语，清晰点明了通知的目的。） ②You can’t know how deep it is, and there may be holes.（运用了宾语从句和并列句，使表达更具警示性和逻辑性。） 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $