Unit 9 课时 5 Grammar in Use（分层作业）英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级下册

Unit 9 Forces of Nature 课时5 Grammar in Use 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 词汇 storm n. 暴风雨 thunder n. 雷；雷声 lightning n. 闪电 quake n. 地震；震动；颤动 prevention n. 预防；防止 perform v. 工作，运转；演出；表演 November n. 十一月 superstorm n. 超级风暴 hillside n. 小山坡 roof n. 屋顶；顶部 painful adj. 令人疼痛的 短语 take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事 fight against… 与…… 作斗争；对抗…… get over 克服；从…… 中恢复 in time 及时 had better do sth. 最好做某事 put out 扑灭；熄灭 take away 拿走；夺走 句型 1.We must arrive earlier than usual. 我们必须比平时早到。 2.We can perform best in sports shoes. 我们穿运动鞋能发挥得最好。 3.A snowstorm is a storm with strong winds and a lot of snow. 暴风雪是伴有强风和大量降雪的风暴。 4.You'd better bring a flashlight if you need to walk on a dark road. 如果你要走黑暗的路，最好带个手电筒。 5.People should take action in time to fight against sandstorms. 人们应该及时采取行动对抗沙尘暴。 6.It is a painful experience for me and I still can't get over it. 这对我来说是一次痛苦的经历，我仍然无法释怀。 7.The guards ran fastest to put out the fire. 警卫们跑得最快去灭火。 一、根据提示补全单词 1.A big s______ hit the coastal city last night. 2.The ______ /ˈθʌndə(r)/often comes after lightning. 3.We climbed up the ______ （小山坡）to see the whole town. 4.The ______ /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/in the sky is very bright at night. 5.The p______ experience made him very sad. 6.Disaster ______ /prɪˈvenʃn/is very important for us. 7.The strong wind took away the r______ of the old house. 8.We should learn how to p______ well in the exam. 9.My birthday is in ______ （十一月）. 10.A sudden q______ made the house shake a lot. 二、完成句子 1.消防员们很快就扑灭了大火。 The firemen ______ ______ the big fire quickly. 2.我们最好在暴风雨来临前做好准备。 We ______ ______ get ready before the storm comes. 3.我们应该采取行动保护我们的地球。 We should ______ ______ ______ protect our earth. 4.洪水夺走了这个村庄里的很多东西。 The flood ______ ______ many things in the village. 5.连词成句：runs, than, my, faster, brother, me __________________________________________________ 三、句型转换 1.He drives more carefully than his father.（改为一般疑问句） ______ he ______ more carefully than his father? 2. You should put out the fire right away.（改为否定句） You ______ ______ out the fire right away. 3. Li Ming jumps highest in his class.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ highest in his class? 4.He got to school earlier than me.（改为同义句） I got to school ______ ______ him. 5.We should take action to protect the environment.（改为同义句） We should ______ ______ to protect the environment. 四、词语运用 1．You did much ________ (well) than me in the math test. 2．I perform ________ (badly) on the stage than my classmate. 3．Frank checks his homework ________ (patient) than others so as to make fewer mistakes. 4．He runs ________ (slow) than Ben. 5．The more you read, the ________ (fast) you will understand. 6．I like swimming ________ (good) than running. 7．As Junior 3 students, we should learn to use our free time ________ (wise) than before. 8．David writes ________ (careful) than Millie. 9．In the sports meeting, Daniel jumped ________ (far) than Simon. 10．There is a saying, “Actions speak ________ (loud) than words”. 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Natural disasters like earthquakes, sandstorms and hurricanes happen around us all 1.__________ time. They can be very 2.__________ (harm), so we must learn how to protect 3.__________ (we) when they come. First, we should prepare 4.__________ emergency kit at home. In the kit, we need to put enough food and clean water, a 5.__________ (flashlight), a first-aid kit and some other useful things. We should check the kit 6.__________ (often) than before to make sure everything is in good condition. Second, we need to learn correct ways to deal with different disasters. If an earthquake happens, we should hide under a strong desk 7.__________ (quick) when we are indoors. If you are outdoors, find an open area and stay away 8.__________ tall buildings and trees. The 9.__________ (careful) you act, the safer you will be. Third, we should take part in safety training at school. It can help us put our knowledge into practice. We should also pay attention to the early warning, 10.__________ it can help us get ready for the disaster in time. What's more, we should take action 11.__________ (fight) against the bad effects of natural disasters. For example, we can plant more trees to stop sandstorms. The more trees we plant, the 12.__________ (good) the environment will be. Last but not least, we should stay calm when a disaster comes. A terrible superstorm may break our houses, but if we face it 13.__________ (brave), we can get over the hard time. No one knows 14.__________ a disaster will come, but if we are always well-prepared, we can survive the disaster 15.__________ (successful). 六、阅读理解 ①Hail (冰雹) is a form of precipitation (降水形式)-like rain or snow-that is made up of ice. A storm that produces hail is called a hailstorm. Hailstorms may happen all year long. Hail can even form in summer as long as the storms are strong. ②Hailstorms often visit the United States. The areas, Nebraska, Colorado and Wyoming, are known as “Hail Alley,” and they suffer seven to nine hail days every year. It’s hard to tell exactly when a hailstorm might come. ③Hailstorms are very dangerous. They can cause lots of damage to people, buildings, cars, plants and animals. In fact, hailstorms can even cause deaths. For example, a hailstorm caused the deaths of over 1,000 people in 1360. So we should know how to stay safe during a hailstorm. ④First, one way to protect yourself from a hailstorm is to have your tools prepared throughout the year, and one of them must be helmets. They can help you protect your head from both the hail itself and other things brought by a heavy hailstorm. Second, you should also make a plan for your family so that you all know where to go for safety. ⑤Third, make sure you stay inside and stay away from windows until the hail stops. If possible, find a room at least one level down from the top of the house. Finally, if you get caught outside in a hailstorm and can’t find a house to stay in, find something to protect your head. Remember: Stay out of lowland areas, because they could be full of water. And don’t forget to avoid trees. 1．What does the underlined word “helmets” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Thick coats. B．Big knives. C．Strong hats. D．Small umbrellas. 2．How many ways of staying safe during a hailstorm are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The meaning of hail. B．Some facts about hailstorms. C．The causes of hailstorms. D．The harms of hailstorms. 七、任务型阅读 Pictures are falling off the wall. Lights are waving. The bed is shaking. Everything is moving. What’s going on? It’s an earthquake. Earthquakes are horrible disasters (灾难) and some of them are destructive (毁灭性的). The top layer (层) of the Earth is made up of huge pieces of rock. They move past each other all the time along fault lines (裂纹线). But sometimes two pieces get stuck together. When they finally move away from each other, they move suddenly. And this makes the land above them shake. This is the most common cause of earthquakes. During a small earthquake, you will feel a little shaking. But during a strong one, you will be thrown about. A strong earthquake is very horrible. Cracks will appear on the ground and windows and doors will break. Buildings will even fall down. So watch out! If an earthquake happens at sea, it can make big waves called “tsunamis” (海啸). When these waves reach land, they can destroy villages. Earthquakes are measured (测量) on a scale (等级) of 0—9. It is called the Richter scale. A size 9 earthquake is the strongest and most dangerous. Since 1900, more than two million people have died in earthquakes. In 1976, a size 7.8 earthquake hit Tangshan, China. It killed more than 240,000people. Many earthquakes happened in China, so it is important for us to know what to do when an earthquake hits. 以下是你需要知道的一些规则来保持安全。 ◆Do not get into a lift during an earthquake! When an earthquake has ended, stay under the desk until it is really safe to get up. ◆Move away from buildings and street lights. 1．What will happen when an earthquake happens at sea? __________________________________________________________ 2．How are earthquakes measured? __________________________________________________________ 3．将划线的句子翻译成汉语 __________________________________________________________ 4．将划线的句子翻译成英语 __________________________________________________________ 5．According to the passage, what is the common cause of an earthquake? __________________________________________________________ 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 9 Forces of Nature 课时5 Grammar in Use 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 词汇 storm n. 暴风雨 thunder n. 雷；雷声 lightning n. 闪电 quake n. 地震；震动；颤动 prevention n. 预防；防止 perform v. 工作，运转；演出；表演 November n. 十一月 superstorm n. 超级风暴 hillside n. 小山坡 roof n. 屋顶；顶部 painful adj. 令人疼痛的 短语 take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事 fight against… 与…… 作斗争；对抗…… get over 克服；从…… 中恢复 in time 及时 had better do sth. 最好做某事 put out 扑灭；熄灭 take away 拿走；夺走 句型 1.We must arrive earlier than usual. 我们必须比平时早到。 2.We can perform best in sports shoes. 我们穿运动鞋能发挥得最好。 3.A snowstorm is a storm with strong winds and a lot of snow. 暴风雪是伴有强风和大量降雪的风暴。 4.You'd better bring a flashlight if you need to walk on a dark road. 如果你要走黑暗的路，最好带个手电筒。 5.People should take action in time to fight against sandstorms. 人们应该及时采取行动对抗沙尘暴。 6.It is a painful experience for me and I still can't get over it. 这对我来说是一次痛苦的经历，我仍然无法释怀。 7.The guards ran fastest to put out the fire. 警卫们跑得最快去灭火。 一、根据提示补全单词 1.A big s______ hit the coastal city last night. 【答案】storm 【详解】句意：昨晚一场大暴风雨袭击了这座沿海城市。根据 “hit the coastal city” 和首字母提示，此处填 storm “暴风雨”，前面有不定冠词 A，用单数形式，贴合本单元自然灾害主题，故填 storm。 2.The ______ /ˈθʌndə(r)/often comes after lightning. 【答案】thunder 【详解】句意：雷声总是在闪电之后到来。根据所给音标 /ˈθʌndə(r)/ 和自然常识，此处填 thunder“雷；雷声”，是不可数名词，符合语境，故填 thunder。 3.We climbed up the ______ （小山坡）to see the whole town. 【答案】hillside 【详解】句意：我们爬上小山坡看整个小镇。根据汉语提示 “小山坡”，此处填 hillside，前面有定冠词 the，用单数形式，符合语境，故填 hillside。 4.The ______ /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/in the sky is very bright at night. 【答案】lightning 【详解】句意：夜晚天空中的闪电非常亮。根据所给音标 /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ 和语境，此处填 lightning “闪电”，是不可数名词，符合本单元主题，故填 lightning。 5.The p______ experience made him very sad. 【答案】painful 【详解】句意：这段痛苦的经历让他非常难过。根据 “made him very sad” 和首字母提示，此处填 painful“令人疼痛的；痛苦的”，修饰名词 experience，符合语境，故填 painful。 6.Disaster ______ /prɪˈvenʃn/is very important for us. 【答案】prevention 【详解】句意：防灾对我们来说非常重要。根据所给音标 /prɪˈvenʃn / 和语境，此处填 prevention“预防；防止”，是不可数名词，disaster prevention 表示 “防灾”，贴合本单元主题，故填 prevention。 7.The strong wind took away the r______ of the old house. 【答案】roof 【详解】句意：大风掀走了老房子的屋顶。根据 “took away”“old house” 和首字母提示，此处填 roof“屋顶；顶部”，特指老房子的屋顶，用单数形式，贴合课文语境，故填 roof。 8.We should learn how to p______ well in the exam. 【答案】perform 【详解】句意：我们应该学习如何在考试中发挥好。根据 “in the exam” 和首字母提示，此处填 perform“表现；发挥”，how to 后接动词原形，符合语境，故填 perform。 9.My birthday is in ______ （十一月）. 【答案】November 【详解】句意：我的生日在十一月。根据汉语提示 “十一月”，此处填 November，月份首字母需大写，符合语境，故填 November。 10.A sudden q______ made the house shake a lot. 【答案】quake 【详解】句意：一场突然的震动让房子剧烈摇晃。根据 “made the house shake” 和首字母提示，此处填 quake“地震；震动”，前面有不定冠词 A，用单数形式，贴合本单元主题，故填 quake。 二、完成句子 1.消防员们很快就扑灭了大火。 The firemen ______ ______ the big fire quickly. 【答案】put out 【详解】句意：消防员们很快就扑灭了大火。考点：考查固定短语 put out“扑灭；熄灭”，句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，put 的过去式仍为 put，故填 put out。 2.我们最好在暴风雨来临前做好准备。 We ______ ______ get ready before the storm comes. 【答案】had better 【详解】句意：我们最好在暴风雨来临前做好准备。考点：考查固定短语 had better do sth.“最好做某事”，had better 后接动词原形，符合语境，故填 had better。 3.我们应该采取行动保护我们的地球。 We should ______ ______ ______ protect our earth. 【答案】take action to 【详解】句意：我们应该采取行动保护我们的地球。考点：考查固定短语 take action to do sth.“采取行动做某事”，情态动词 should 后接动词原形，故填 take action to。 4.洪水夺走了这个村庄里的很多东西。 The flood ______ ______ many things in the village. 【答案】took away 【详解】句意：洪水夺走了这个村庄里的很多东西。考点：考查固定短语 take away“拿走；夺走”，句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，take 的过去式是 took，故填 took away。 5.连词成句：runs, than, my, faster, brother, me __________________________________________________ 【答案】My brother runs faster than me. 【详解】句意：我哥哥跑得比我快。考点：考查副词的比较级。句子为主谓结构，主语 My brother，谓语 runs，比较状语 faster than me，符合陈述句语序规则，故填 My brother runs faster than me. 三、句型转换 1.He drives more carefully than his father.（改为一般疑问句） ______ he ______ more carefully than his father? 【答案】Does; drive 【详解】句意：他开车比他爸爸更小心吗？考点：考查一般现在时的一般疑问句转换，副词比较级的核心语法。原句为一般现在时，主语 he 是第三人称单数，谓语动词 drives 是实义动词三单形式，变一般疑问句时，需在句首加助动词 Does，谓语动词还原为原形 drive，故填 Does; drive。 2. You should put out the fire right away.（改为否定句） You ______ ______ out the fire right away. 【答案】shouldn't put 【详解】句意：你不应该立刻灭火。考点：考查情态动词 should 的否定句转换。含有情态动词 should 的句子，变否定句时，直接在 should 后加 not，缩写为 shouldn't，其后接动词原形 put，故填 shouldn't put。 3. Li Ming jumps highest in his class.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ highest in his class? 【答案】Who jumps 【详解】句意：谁在班里跳得最高？考点：考查特殊疑问句，副词最高级的核心语法。划线部分 Li Ming 是句子的主语，指代人，用疑问词 Who 提问；Who 作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 jumps，故填 Who jumps。 4.He got to school earlier than me.（改为同义句） I got to school ______ ______ him. 【答案】later than 【详解】句意：我到学校比他晚。考点：考查副词比较级的同义转换。earlier than（比…… 更早）的反义同义表达是 later than（比…… 更晚），符合句子逻辑，故填 later than。 5.We should take action to protect the environment.（改为同义句） We should ______ ______ to protect the environment. 【答案】do something 【详解】句意：我们应该做些事情来保护环境。考点：考查固定短语的同义转换。take action（采取行动）的同义表达是 do something，情态动词 should 后接动词原形，符合语境，故填 do something。 四、词语运用 1．You did much ________ (well) than me in the math test. 【答案】better 【详解】句意：你数学考得比我好得多。由than可知此处应用比较级，修饰did用副词，故用well的比较级better。故填better。 2．I perform ________ (badly) on the stage than my classmate. 【答案】worse 【详解】句意：我在舞台上的表现比我的同学差。badly意为“糟糕地”，是副词；根据“than”可知，此处需用比较级，badly的比较级为worse。故填worse。 3．Frank checks his homework ________ (patient) than others so as to make fewer mistakes. 【答案】more patiently 【详解】句意：弗兰克比其他人更耐心地检查他的作业，以便少犯错误。check“检查”是动词，需要用副词修饰，patient的副词形式是patiently；根据“than”可知，要用比较级，patiently的比较级是more patiently，在句中作状语。故填more patiently。 4．He runs ________ (slow) than Ben. 【答案】more slowly 【详解】句意：他跑得比Ben更慢。slow“慢的”，形容词。根据“He runs...than Ben”可知，此处应用副词比较级，即more slowly。故填more slowly。 5．The more you read, the ________ (fast) you will understand. 【答案】faster 【详解】句意：你读得越多，理解得就越快。根据“The more...，the+比较级...”这一固定句型结构，表示“越……，就越……”，可知此处需用fast的比较级形式。fast“快地”，副词，其比较级为faster。故填faster。 6．I like swimming ________ (good) than running. 【答案】better 【详解】句意：比起跑步，我更喜欢游泳。括号内“good”是形容词原级，意为“好的”。句中“than”是比较级的标志词，“good”的比较级是“better”，“better”在句中修饰动词“like”，故填better。 7．As Junior 3 students, we should learn to use our free time ________ (wise) than before. 【答案】more wisely 【详解】句意：作为初三的学生，我们应该学会比以前更明智地利用我们的空闲时间。此处修饰动词use，用wise“明智的”的副词形式；根据“than before”可知，应用副词比较级。故填more wisely。 8．David writes ________ (careful) than Millie. 【答案】more carefully 【详解】句意：大卫比米莉写得更仔细。根据“David writes...than Millie.”以及所给单词可知，应填careful的副词形式carefully的比较级形式more carefully，作状语，修饰动词writes，表示大卫比米莉写得更仔细。故填more carefully。 9．In the sports meeting, Daniel jumped ________ (far) than Simon. 【答案】farther 【详解】句意：在运动会上，丹尼尔跳得比西蒙远。根据“than”可知，空处应是比较级形式farther。故填farther。 10．There is a saying, “Actions speak ________ (loud) than words”. 【答案】louder 【详解】句意：有句俗话说，“事实胜于雄辩”。根据“than”可知，此处用副词loud“大声地”的比较级louder，修饰动词speak。故填louder。 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Natural disasters like earthquakes, sandstorms and hurricanes happen around us all 1.__________ time. They can be very 2.__________ (harm), so we must learn how to protect 3.__________ (we) when they come. First, we should prepare 4.__________ emergency kit at home. In the kit, we need to put enough food and clean water, a 5.__________ (flashlight), a first-aid kit and some other useful things. We should check the kit 6.__________ (often) than before to make sure everything is in good condition. Second, we need to learn correct ways to deal with different disasters. If an earthquake happens, we should hide under a strong desk 7.__________ (quick) when we are indoors. If you are outdoors, find an open area and stay away 8.__________ tall buildings and trees. The 9.__________ (careful) you act, the safer you will be. Third, we should take part in safety training at school. It can help us put our knowledge into practice. We should also pay attention to the early warning, 10.__________ it can help us get ready for the disaster in time. What's more, we should take action 11.__________ (fight) against the bad effects of natural disasters. For example, we can plant more trees to stop sandstorms. The more trees we plant, the 12.__________ (good) the environment will be. Last but not least, we should stay calm when a disaster comes. A terrible superstorm may break our houses, but if we face it 13.__________ (brave), we can get over the hard time. No one knows 14.__________ a disaster will come, but if we are always well-prepared, we can survive the disaster 15.__________ (successful). 【答案及解析】 1.【答案】the 【解析】考查固定搭配。all the time 是固定短语，意为 “一直；始终”，故填 the。 2.【答案】harmful 【解析】考查形容词。此处作表语，需要用 harm 的形容词形式 harmful “有害的”，故填 harmful。 3.【答案】ourselves 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：所以我们必须学会在灾难来临时保护自己。主语是 we，对应的反身代词是 ourselves “我们自己”，故填 ourselves。 4.【答案】an 【解析】考查冠词。emergency 是以元音音素开头的单词，此处表示 “一个应急包”，用不定冠词 an，故填 an。 5.【答案】flashlight 【解析】考查名词。前面有不定冠词 a，此处用可数名词单数 flashlight “手电筒”，故填 flashlight。 6.【答案】more often 【解析】考查副词比较级。根据句中的 than 可知，此处需要用 often 的比较级 more often，故填 more often。 7.【答案】quickly 【解析】考查副词。此处修饰动词 hide，需要用 quick 的副词形式 quickly “快速地”，故填 quickly。 8.【答案】from 【解析】考查介词。stay away from 是固定短语，意为 “远离”，故填 from。 9.【答案】more carefully 【解析】考查副词比较级。此处是 “the + 比较级，the + 比较级” 结构，修饰动词 act，需要用 careful 的副词形式 carefully，其比较级是 more carefully，故填 more carefully。 10.【答案】because/as 【解析】考查连词。前半句 “我们应该关注预警” 和后半句 “它能帮我们及时为灾难做准备” 是因果关系，用连词 because/as 表原因，故填 because/as。 11.【答案】to fight 【解析】考查动词不定式。take action to do sth. 是固定短语，意为 “采取行动做某事”，此处用动词不定式 to fight，故填 to fight。 12.【答案】better 【解析】考查形容词比较级。此处是 “the + 比较级，the + 比较级” 结构，需要用 good 的比较级 better，故填 better。 13.【答案】bravely 【解析】考查副词。此处修饰动词 face，需要用 brave 的副词形式 bravely “勇敢地”，故填 bravely。 14.【答案】when 【解析】考查连词。句意：没有人知道灾难什么时候会来临。此处引导宾语从句，表时间，用连词 when，故填 when。 15.【答案】successfully 【解析】考查副词。此处修饰动词 survive，需要用 successful 的副词形式 successfully “成功地”，故填 successfully。 六、阅读理解 ①Hail (冰雹) is a form of precipitation (降水形式)-like rain or snow-that is made up of ice. A storm that produces hail is called a hailstorm. Hailstorms may happen all year long. Hail can even form in summer as long as the storms are strong. ②Hailstorms often visit the United States. The areas, Nebraska, Colorado and Wyoming, are known as “Hail Alley,” and they suffer seven to nine hail days every year. It’s hard to tell exactly when a hailstorm might come. ③Hailstorms are very dangerous. They can cause lots of damage to people, buildings, cars, plants and animals. In fact, hailstorms can even cause deaths. For example, a hailstorm caused the deaths of over 1,000 people in 1360. So we should know how to stay safe during a hailstorm. ④First, one way to protect yourself from a hailstorm is to have your tools prepared throughout the year, and one of them must be helmets. They can help you protect your head from both the hail itself and other things brought by a heavy hailstorm. Second, you should also make a plan for your family so that you all know where to go for safety. ⑤Third, make sure you stay inside and stay away from windows until the hail stops. If possible, find a room at least one level down from the top of the house. Finally, if you get caught outside in a hailstorm and can’t find a house to stay in, find something to protect your head. Remember: Stay out of lowland areas, because they could be full of water. And don’t forget to avoid trees. 1．What does the underlined word “helmets” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Thick coats. B．Big knives. C．Strong hats. D．Small umbrellas. 2．How many ways of staying safe during a hailstorm are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The meaning of hail. B．Some facts about hailstorms. C．The causes of hailstorms. D．The harms of hailstorms. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了冰雹的相关信息。 1．第④段2-3句“one of them must be helmets. They can help you protect your head from both the hail itself and other things brought by a heavy hailstorm.”后文明确说明该物品的作用是保护头部，Strong hats“坚固的帽子”贴合“保护头部”的功能。 2．第④、⑤段“First, one way to protect yourself from a hailstorm is to have your tools prepared throughout the year…Second, you should also make a plan for your family so that you all know where to go for safety…Third, make sure you stay inside and stay away from windows until the hail stops…Finally, if you get caught outside in a hailstorm and can’t find a house to stay in, find something to protect your head.”分别介绍了准备防护工具、制定安全计划、待在室内，远离窗户、找东西保护头部共四个保持安全的方法。 3．第①段：介绍冰雹的定义与特征；第②段介绍冰雹的多发地区与不可预测性；第③段介绍冰雹的危害，引出核心主题：④⑤段介绍如何避险。 4．全文围绕“冰雹”展开，依次介绍了冰雹的定义、发生时间、多发地区、危害、安全避险方法，这些均属于冰雹的相关事实。 七、任务型阅读 Pictures are falling off the wall. Lights are waving. The bed is shaking. Everything is moving. What’s going on? It’s an earthquake. Earthquakes are horrible disasters (灾难) and some of them are destructive (毁灭性的). The top layer (层) of the Earth is made up of huge pieces of rock. They move past each other all the time along fault lines (裂纹线). But sometimes two pieces get stuck together. When they finally move away from each other, they move suddenly. And this makes the land above them shake. This is the most common cause of earthquakes. During a small earthquake, you will feel a little shaking. But during a strong one, you will be thrown about. A strong earthquake is very horrible. Cracks will appear on the ground and windows and doors will break. Buildings will even fall down. So watch out! If an earthquake happens at sea, it can make big waves called “tsunamis” (海啸). When these waves reach land, they can destroy villages. Earthquakes are measured (测量) on a scale (等级) of 0—9. It is called the Richter scale. A size 9 earthquake is the strongest and most dangerous. Since 1900, more than two million people have died in earthquakes. In 1976, a size 7.8 earthquake hit Tangshan, China. It killed more than 240,000people. Many earthquakes happened in China, so it is important for us to know what to do when an earthquake hits. 以下是你需要知道的一些规则来保持安全。 ◆Do not get into a lift during an earthquake! When an earthquake has ended, stay under the desk until it is really safe to get up. ◆Move away from buildings and street lights. 1．What will happen when an earthquake happens at sea? __________________________________________________________ 2．How are earthquakes measured? __________________________________________________________ 3．将划线的句子翻译成汉语 __________________________________________________________ 4．将划线的句子翻译成英语 __________________________________________________________ 5．According to the passage, what is the common cause of an earthquake? __________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．It can make big waves called “tsunamis”. 2．Earthquakes are measured on a scale of 0—9. 3．自1900年以来，超过200万人死于地震。 4．Here are some rules you need to know to stay safe. 5．When two pieces rock move away from each other, they move suddenly. 【导语】本文介绍了地震的成因、危害等级、历史案例及安全防护措施。 1． 根据“If an earthquake happens at sea, it can make big waves called “tsunamis” (海啸).”可知，当地震发生在海上时，会引发海啸。故填It can make big waves called “tsunamis”. 2．根据“Earthquakes are measured (测量) on a scale (等级) of 0—9. It is called the Richter scale.”可知，地震通过里氏震级（0-9级）测量。故填Earthquakes are measured on a scale of 0—9. 3．Since 1900“自1900年以来”； more than two million people“超过200万人”； “死于地震”。故填：自1900年以来，超过200万人死于地震。 4．你：you；需要知道：need to know；一些规则：some rules；来保持安全：to stay safe，动词不定式短语做目的状语。结合语境可知，此题为一般现在时；表示“以下是一些……”用句型“Here are some...”。故填Here are some rules you need to know to stay safe. 5．根据“The top layer (层) of the Earth is made up of huge pieces of rock. They move past each other all the time along fault lines (裂纹线). But sometimes two pieces get stuck together. When they finally move away from each other, they move suddenly. And this makes the land above them shake. This is the most common cause of earthquakes.”可知，地震主因是两块岩石分离时，会突然发生移动。故填When two pieces rock move away from each other, they move suddenly. 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $