考前押题08 概要写作（期中复习专项训练）高二英语下学期沪外版

考前押题08 概要写作题 话题1 科技发展 话题4 社会生活 话题2 人际关系 话题5 运动健康 话题3 心理研究 话题6 个人成长 话题1 科技发展 Passage 1 How to Develop Healthy Digital Habits In today’s digital world, teenagers spend increasing amounts of time on screens, which can negatively impact their physical and mental health. Developing healthy digital habits is essential for maintaining balance in life. The first step is to set clear boundaries for screen time. Experts recommend taking regular breaks using the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Turning off notifications during study time helps maintain concentration. Establishing “screen-free” zones, especially in bedrooms, can significantly improve sleep quality. Another important aspect is being mindful of online content. Following educational or inspirational accounts rather than those promoting unrealistic standards can boost mental well-being. Students should also schedule offline activities like sports, reading, or face-to-face socializing to maintain a healthy balance between virtual and real-world interactions. Parents and schools play a crucial role in modeling and teaching digital wellness. Open discussions about responsible technology use, cyberbullying prevention, and critical thinking about online information should be encouraged. Teachers can incorporate digital literacy into their curriculum to help students navigate the online world safely. By carrying out these strategies, teenagers can enjoy technology’s benefits while avoiding its risks. Healthy digital habits formed during school years will serve students well throughout their lives in our increasingly connected world. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 Tired of walling in end loss lines to pay for what you have bought? Angry at wasting time in traffic jams only to find no parking spaces when you eventually arrive at the store? If this is you, then online shopping is the answer to your dreams of trouble-free shopping. However, online shopping brings its own challenges. Here are a few things to remember when browsing various websites. The claim made by online sites is that shopping online is a safe way to make purchases. The evidence challenges this. In any case, you only have to be the victim of fraud (诈骗) once to experience all the problems that come with this form of stealing. Another problem is the appearance of Items in reality is often quite different from what you see on your computer screen. This might not be a problem if you are buying washing up powder but could be a major disappointment when that beautiful blue dress you ordered turns up in green. Some even argue that online shopping indirectly causes global warning. Yes, your car can stay parked but how are online goods delivered? Often by some large vans pouring out carbon monoxide and adding to our already desperate traffic problems. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 Mercury (汞)Threat in Ocean A newly-published study,led by researchers from Peking University with experts from the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, has found that ocean, with its continental shelf holding the largest amount of mercury,is now facing a rapidly increasing possibility of mercury release. According to the study,continental shelves are disturbed by human activities.Trawling,during which fishermen pull wide nets behind their ships for fish,is one to blame.When the fishing boats with large nets drag through the seabed,they boost the release rate of mercury buried for decades or centuries.The research also uncovered the similar negative impact of dredging,where people remove mud and unwanted materials from the shelf with special machines to deepen it or look for something. The above activities disturb over 5,000 tons of mercury annually,speeding up its release. Meanwhile, climate change is worsening the situation.The researchers have concluded from their observation that the increasing quantity of mercury release in recent decades from ocean is related to global warming, a tendency with various side effects.They explained that rising temperatures put the decomposition of organic matter in continental shelves on a faster track, promoting the amount of mercury release.Another study on waters,continental shelf being a part, has shown that for every 10℃ increase in temperature,the breakdown rate of sediments(沉积物) almost doubles. Therefore, it is suggested that policies be made on banning or at least reducing inappropriate ocean resource development based on scientific assessment and international cooperation. And a clear goal for a slower global warming pace,supported by reliable scientific research,should be set and then translated into an actionable strategy and achieved worldwide.If these measures are adopted, this last line of mercury defense will probably be safeguarded. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 话题2 人际关系 Passage 1 A Wise Way to Make Families Rules All groups, of whatever size or nature, need standard operating procedures. Without them, groups may very well fall into confusion, chaos and conflict. The functions that rules can serve are indispensable. When it comes to parenting, making rules can make a big difference in our family as well. Actually, the issue is not whether our families need rules. We do need them. The real issue is how to motivate all family members to comply with (遵守) them. At some time in our lives we all have felt unmotivated to comply with some rule or policy that we had no voice in making. Denied the opportunity to participate in establishing a rule, most people feel imposed upon and resentful of the new rule. But when people actively participate in setting a rule or making a decision that will affect them, they are more highly motivated to comply with it. We call this the Principle of Participation, and it has proven its effectiveness in families as well. When children are given the opportunity to participate in setting rules or making decisions that will affect them, several good things happen. Children feel better about themselves — having more self-esteem (自尊心) and self-confidence. Such a good effect is due to their feeling that they have gained more “fate control” over their own lives. They also feel they are equal members of the family with an equal voice in making decisions and establishing rules — they’re part of a team, not second-class citizens. This means that families that function collaboratively and democratically will have closer and warmer relationships than those in which the adults act as bosses or authorities expecting the children to obey the rules made for them. Another important reason for encouraging the full participation of family members in decision making is that it often produces higher-quality solutions to problems. Two heads (or three, or four) are better than one. Shared decisions will be based not only on the knowledge and experience of the adults but also on those of the children. The admonition (告诫) that father knows best should be challenged now. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 Why You Need a Network of Casual Friends When I was laid off in 2015, I tweeted it the way any young people would in the hope that someone in my social network would point me to potential opportunities. To my surprise, a friend of a friend alerted me to an opening in her department by Facebook message, and she became my boss three rounds of interviews later. Think of the parents you see in the drop-off zone at school, your favorite waiter, the other dog owners at the park. Sociologists call these relationships “weak ties.” Not only can these connections affect our job prospects, but they can also have a positive impact on our well-being. Maintaining the network of acquaintances can help you feel more connected. The desire to belong and form social attachments is a basic human need, alongside food, sleep and safety. But once we hit 25, the number of friends we have peaks and becomes smaller over time, according to a 2016 study. As we get older and priorities shift from after-work bowling league to after-school pickup, maintaining a loaded social calendar becomes less important. Staying socially engaged, then, is integral to personal fulfillment. Besides, having at least a few acquaintances can connect us with a larger circle of people, which is fantastic news, say, for job hunters. Even if our friends want to help us find a job, the weak ties are often the ones who widen the job-search playing field. Those acquaintances also provide us with a wider worldview. Regularly interacting with people who have different experiences than we do allows us to be more mindful of others’ circumstances. This, in turn, builds empathy. Still, casual friends have a lot to offer. Uncovering surprising tidbits(花边新闻) about the regular players in one’s life—discovering that your neighbor is an accomplished dancer, for instance—can spice up your day. So next time you see a friendly face when you’ re out and about, you might as well try to initiate small talks. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 For thousands of years, Chinese people have valued the large family with three, four, or even five generations living under the same roof. That's what we call an extended family. Now it is changing. Compared to extended families. nuclear families which involve only two generations living together are becoming the trend. Apart from family size, these families are also featured by reduced dependence on the last generation. Young people are able to make decisions on their own and children are less likely to be brought up by their grandparents. The reason for the tendency of nuclear families can be reflected as follows. It's a time when young people think highly of individual freedom. Young people like to have personal space that won't be disturbed by the old generations. In this way, they are more likely to avoid conflicts caused by different living habits from their parents. It's also a time when social welfare institutions are highly advanced for old people to lead a comfortable life . Senior citizens can live together in some nursing homes and be taken good care of by specialized nursing workers, which may base young people's heavy burden of attending their aging parents. However, the problem concerning attending to children turns up as the number of nuclear families increases. Young people are busy with their work and spend less time with their children. As a result, lacking enough care both from their parents and grandparents during their growth, children may develop mental illnesses like loneliness and depression. Many young people, therefore, hire babysitters to look after and keep company with their children, which adds a financial burden to them. Facing the problem above, young people can seek help from old generations, communities and government. Old generations are welcomed to take care of their grandchildren, especially when young people are asked to work overtime. Communities ought to organize some volunteers to look after unattended kids. And government can set up special loads for young people to relieve their financial problem. With the joint efforts, nuclear families are expected to fit in well with the development of the society. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 话题3 心理研究 Passage 1 Fawning Do you ever feel,without any proof,that everyone hates you?If your answer is yes,you are not alone.It can occur after a neighbor doesn't say hello.It's hearing that the boss wants to chat with you and immediately assuming you're going to be fired. The strategy used to keep the painful feeling away is fawning,an extreme form of people pleasing.While fawning can help protect you sometimes,you may get trapped:your urge to scan for threats and read others' feelings goes into overdrive,making you see danger even when you're safe. Then,how to stop the urge to fawn? Firstly,you can challenge your insight that someone is mad at you by asking some questions.For example, when a friend doesn't text you back,you sometimes think,"Oh my gosh,is it something I said?” Then you remind yourself of the many times that you've received a text that later said,"Sorry,I was in a meeting."So, it's helpful to pause and remind yourself that your anxious mind has lied to you in the past. Also, check fawning behavior by starting small.For example,if your friend says,"I’m not mad at you," after you apologize for canceling plans,take her word for it instead of replaying the conversation in your head. Get comfortable with the discomfort of taking what people say at face value without second-guessing what else they could secretly be feeling. Lastly,make honest communication your goal.If you are not interested in a film, be honest instead of making up an excuse so that the person won't be upset with you.This practice might be uncomfortable in the short term but saves you so much energy in the long-term,and it strengthens the relationships you really value. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 What Is a Superiority Complex? A superiority complex is a behavior that suggests a person believes they are somehow superior to others. People with this complex often have overstated opinions of themselves. They may believe their abilities and achievements are better than those of others. However, the complex is believed to be a defense system for feelings of inadequacy that we all struggle with. It is unclear why a person develops a superiority complex. Multiple incidents may be the root cause. For example, it may be the result of many failures. A person tries to complete a specific goal or achieve a desired outcome, but they don’t succeed. They learn to handle the anxiety and stress of the failure by pretending to be above it. If they feel protected from their failures in this way, they may repeat this behavior in the future. These behaviors can begin at an early age. When a child is learning to cope with challenges, they may learn to control feelings of inadequacy or fear. A superiority complex may develop. Likewise, it may also happen later in life. As teens and adults, a person has many opportunities to try new things among new people. If these situations are not successfully coped with, a person may develop a superiority complex to overcome feeling isolated. People with a superiority complex are unlikely to be a threat to anyone’s physical health. However, the continuous lies and overstatements can become annoying to others and may negatively affect relationships. It can push away other people in your life and shrink your social circle. If you are in a relationship with a person who you think has the issue, encourage the person to seek help. For example, never hesitate to reach out to mental health professionals. They can find healthier ways to deal with hidden feelings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 As parents, we need to help children build toward future success by developing persistence. Persistence is what drives actions such as finishing a task, pushing through frustration, putting in time and effort, or finding creative approaches to a challenging problem. The ability to keep trying early in life is linked to all sorts of favorable outcomes years later. There are three main strategies for encouraging persistence in your child. The first is modeling what persistence looks like. Good modeling is more effective when planned and carried out with a specific goal (such as developing honesty, or, yes, persistence) in mind. Parents who noticeably struggle with something that are slightly difficult at home, but continue to pursue the activity anyway, and repeat that pattern over time, may naturally foster persistence in a child. It helps more if they sometimes comment: “Hmm, that did not work. Let me try another way.” When you see your child doing this themselves and devoting special effort to a task, praise them right then and there. Praise even the smallest signs of effort. Quickly, clearly doing this will increase the child’s effort, which can, in turn, extend to other activities and situations they encounter in the future. In general, if you spot the child trying hard or harder than she usually does and working through tasks, praise them for what they are doing. And if you do not see this happening, and your child is not doing something a bit difficult, you do not need to wait. You can provide opportunities for persistence. That is, try to combine modeling and praise: Do anything that involves some time and effort together. Then, set small and eventually larger goals. Depending on how it is going, have the child do more and more of the task while you keep him or her company. However, your chosen activity should be fun or, at least, a time free of reprimands or harsh corrections. Some people are more naturally persistent than others. Repeated practice can teach children that the process is important—sometimes just as important as the goal. 话题4 社会生活 Passage 1 The Pressure on Parents to Train Their Babies' Brains Relax, but be on constant alert. Follow your instincts, but do exactly what the scientists say Amid such a flood of "expert" advice, is it any wonder that the experience of modern parenting can often feel exhausting? Thankfully, researchers are questioning this stress-generating situation. It all begins with the idea of “intensive parenting”, coined in the 1990s,describing a parenting standard that parents need to be sharply sensitive to their children's cognitive, psychological and emotional needs to shape their babies' brains. Unfortunately, it turns many of parenting's pleasures-such as smiling along with your baby—into critically important work which, if not performed adequately, puts that child's future health and happiness in danger. However, the evidence used to explain how baby brain develops is often flawed—whether it is a result of small samples that are more likely to turn up weird results or studying children who have experienced extreme neglect and then inferring more general lessons from this. Worse still, such research takes a short path to becoming public policy. Take A vision for the 1,001 critical days, a UK government report published in 2021, which states that the infant brain “becomes hardwired by the baby's earliest experiences”. Similar narratives have been adopted by various organizations that frame parents' interactions with their baby as a crucial window for shaping that child's future. Of course, there is a place for science in understanding child development and parenting. Rather than analyzing the parent-child relationship, think how babies and children really learn. They do so from everyone, not just their parents, and are doing it all the time—through watching, listening and playing. Rather than attempt to shape infants into a particular type of person, parents just need to provide a safe and stable environment in which they can develop. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 Why Gen Z Is Leaving Cities for the Countryside In recent years, there has been a noticeable trend of Gen Z individuals relocating from cities to the countryside. This generation, born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, is known for its preference for experiences over material possessions and a desire to lead a more sustainable lifestyle. As a result, many young people are leaving urban areas in pursuit of a slower pace of life and closer connection with nature. The appeal of country living for Gen Z stems from multiple factors. Firstly, it offers a slower pace of life, which can be a welcome change from the hustle and bustle of city living. This can be particularly beneficial for those who struggle with anxiety or stress-related issues. Moreover, there is greater access to nature and outdoor activities such as hiking, camping and fishing. This not only promotes physical health but also helps to develop a deeper connection with the natural world. Also, living in the countryside often means lower living costs and less competition for jobs, making it an attractive option for those just starting out in their careers. Some believe that technology has completely captured the attention of the younger generation, and they are therefore reluctant to leave the conveniences and excitement of the modern city. Actually, it is precisely this technological advancement that has facilitated the shift towards rural living among Gen Z. With remote work becoming increasingly common, young adults are no longer tied to urban centers for employment. They can work from anywhere with a reliable internet connection. Additionally, social media platforms have made it easier for individuals to share their rural lifestyles and connect with others who have similar interests. This virtual community fosters a sense of belonging and encourages young people to explore and appreciate the natural beauty of countryside. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 Should you build a capsule wardrobe (胶囊衣柜)? Do you ever struggle with choosing your outfit in the morning? If you have a full wardrobe yet still feel you don't have anything to wear, you might want to build yourself a capsule wardrobe! So, what is this? Put simply, a capsule wardrobe is a small selection of items of clothing that go well with each other, and are therefore interchangeable. Key to the capsule wardrobe is solid basics, like plain tops, and, ideally, neutral colors, because they make combinations easier. Consider the flexibility of a basic pair of jeans. They can be paired with sneakers and a T-shirt for a relaxed style or a jacket paired with high heels, if you want to look more sophisticated. Fashion bloggers also talk about timeless classics-picture a luxury black handbag that will suit any occasion and won't go out of style. But why might it be beneficial to build a capsule wardrobe? Well, by limiting your choices, it can become much easier to choose what to wear, but there is another advantage too-it can reduce the amount of fast fashion. Fast fashion refers to clothes which are trendy for just a short time, so they are quickly replaced by newer trends. This results in cheap and poor-quality clothing which has huge environmental costs as waste goes to landfill, resulting in an increase in pollution. According to UK clothes waste charity TRAID, the average garment is worn just 10 times before long disposed of. So, having a capsule wardrobe with long-lasting and high-quality clothes should help reduce this, even if it means paying more in the first place. Building an excellent capsule wardrobe takes time and patience. But if you want to reduce waste and have some extra time in the morning, it might be time to start building! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 话题5 运动健康 Passage 1 When you hear the final whistle One of the hardest things for any sportsperson to do is to know when to retire. But even harder is finding the answer to the question “What am I going to do with the rest of my life?” Some sportspeople go on playing too long. Perhaps they just can’t stand life without the “high” of playing professional sport. Michael Jordan, the greatest basketball player of all time retired three times. He retired once from the Chicago Bulls, made a successful comeback with the Bulls, then retired again. His second comeback with an inferior team ended in failure and he retired forever at the age of 38. Jordan said, “There will never be anything I do that will fulfill me as much as competing did.” Others can’t resist the chance of one last “pay day”. Muhammad Ali needed the money, but his comeback fight, at the age of 39, against Trevor Berbick, was one of the saddest spectacles in modern sport. After losing to Berbick, Ali retired permanently. Three years later he developed Parkinson’s disease. For some people, the pain of retirement never leaves them. As Jimmy Greaves, an ex-England international footballer said, “I think that a lot of players would prefer to be shot once their career is over.” Many of them spend their retirement in a continual battle against depression, alcohol, or drugs. But for the lucky few, retirement can mean a successful new career. Franz Beckenbauer is a classical example of a footballer who won everything with his club, Bayern Muaich. After retiring he became a successful coach with Bayern and finally president of the club. John McEnroe, the infamous “bad boy” of tennis, is now a highly respected and highly paid TV commentator. But sadly, for most sportspeople these cases are the exceptions. Passage 2 The Drawbacks—and Benefits—of Isolation Loneliness is increasingly seen as a serious problem in modern society, affecting both the elderly and many young people. Smartphones, social media, and remote work are often blamed for making individuals feel isolated. Three recent books explore the complex nature of being alone. “All the Lonely People” shares personal stories from individuals experiencing deep isolation. The author, Sam Carr, a psychologist, sensitively shows the emotional pain caused by loss of family members, disease, or difficult childhood experiences. After reading this book, one may wonder whether loneliness is just an unavoidable human experience. Actually, Carr suggests loneliness isn’t one simple feeling, but a mix of different unhappy emotions and unsatisfied needs. Another book, “Solitude”, written by two psychologists, shows a completely different story, exploring the rewards of time spent alone. It is common to treat loneliness and being alone as similar concepts, but they are not. Based on laboratory work, interviews and surveys, the authors argue that isolation offers valuable benefits, which allows people space to rest, think, and escape constant noise and distractions. However, the experience depends entirely on whether being alone is voluntary. Being forced to stay isolated, like prisoners, is usually miserable. “The Success of the Slippers” presents a more critical view of modern isolation. Mr Bruckner, a philosopher, calls the present period “a Great Withdrawal.” The book describes a society where most tasks can be completed without leaving house. The author’s comment? “While it’s nice to be comfortable, you can’t build a civilization on softness.” Mr Bruckner’s main theme is the need for people to relearn the art of affection. The author believes “interactive isolation” enabled by technology cannot replace “the great theatre of the world.” Mr Bruckner supplies a checklist for getting rid of enduring, painful feelings of loneliness: “Have we loved others enough, given others enough, held others enough?” In a world where people are increasingly isolated, maybe it is time to try to answer these questions. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 The Happiness Project What would your answer be if I were to ask you what you wanted from life? Author Gretchen Rubin asked herself that question one day while sitting in traffic on a bus. After giving it some thought, she realized that, overall, she wanted to be happy. If happiness was to be her goal, Rubin realized, “Time is passing, and I’m not focusing enough on the things that really matter.” This conclusion began a 12-month commitment to discover what would add more happiness to her life. The journey resulted in Rubin’s New York Times best-selling book The Happiness Project. In an effort to reach her goal, she tested numerous theories on happiness. Reading through philosophy, science, popular culture and more, the writer chose specific habits to examine and try to integrate into her lifestyle. Rubin’s book is divided into 12 chapters, each highlighting a different month and specific area of focus. In chapters one through 11, each new focus or category includes three or four things to work on. For instance, the first chapter begins with January and the importance of getting more physical and mental energy. The corresponding goals consist of getting better sleep and exercising more. Chapter 12 concentrates on pulling everything together and implementing all the new habits. At the end of her 12-month journey, Rubin concluded that small, daily changes had, in fact, resulted in a deeper sense of happiness. According to some of the reviews, this is more than a typical self-help book. It’s full of humor, insight and actual examples from Rubin’s year-long experiment. In this new year, instead of making new resolutions that you’ll probably abandon by February, why not give Rubin’s Happiness Project a try? It is likely that you will then see an increase in your own happiness and the happiness you bring to others around you. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 话题6 个人成长 Passage 1 The Fear of Taking Risks May Be Holding You Back Your brain will try to convince you to play it safe and tell you that you can’t succeed or that you shouldn’t bother trying something new. But even when these thoughts lack a rational (理性的) basis, we sometimes allow our anxiety to prevail (占上风). The problem is that we often base our decisions on emotion rather than logic. We incorrectly assume that there’s a direct relation between our fear level and the risk level. However, learning to take healthy risks can improve your life. If you find yourself fearing to take healthy,calculated risks, there are two strategies that can help. To begin with, balance your emotions with logic.Too often, we think our fear is related to the level of the risk. The scarier something feels, the riskier it must be. Driving a car probably doesn’t feel risky, but giving a speech might feel like a huge risk. Yet your chances of injury or death are higher when you’re behind the wheel. Spend a few minutes thinking about the actual level of risk. Ask yourself, “What risk do I actually face? How can I handle it if it doesn’t work out?” In addition, increase your chances of success. There are steps you can take to reduce the risk that you face. Spend time practicing a speech before you deliver it, which could increase your chances of success. Rather than spend time trying to decrease your fear, put your energy into increasing your chances of success. Facing your fears is a key component in developing the mental strength you need. It helps you learn to tolerate uncertainty and anxiety. It also provides you with a chance to sharpen your skills and learn from your mistake. With practice, you can get better at calculating risk. And as you improve, your chances of success will skyrocket. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 Social media posts Like other millennials, Ms. Yu, a graphic designer, went through her bumpy teen years amid the rise of first-wave social media such as Friendster and Myspace. “Social media was very interesting and fresh to me, as it was a convenient way to connect with others,” she recalls. About three years ago, however, she started feeling less rosy about social media. “I was spending so much time taking photos to post online, hoping to get positive comments. I would be embarrassed if I received few ‘likes’ for my posts. I would ask myself, ‘Why did more people like someone else’s posts but not mine? Are my posts not good enough? Am I not good enough?’” Ms. Yu was eventually able to overcome her self-doubt by cutting back on time spent on social media, and using it only in cases where it would potentially boost rather than weaken her confidence. Her experience highlights the double-edged nature of social media. Clinical Psychologist Ms. Michelle Tan notes that it can be a powerful tool for relieving social isolation and loneliness. Online communities provide emotional support, often helping users turn online connections with like-minded people into real-life friendships. They can also serve as a motivational tool for achieving goals like quitting smoking or getting in shape. On the other hand, it could invite negative social comparisons with other online users and lower a person’s self-worth. Excessive virtual engagement may weaken real-life social skills. Also, being anonymous online makes cyberbullying more likely. Still, mental health issues can’t be blamed solely on social media, as multiple factors play a role. The key, therefore, is to develop healthy online habits (or cyber wellness).“To be cyber well on social media is to strike a healthy balance between online and offline activities,” says Mrs Low-Lim, a member of the Media Literacy Council. A person’s daily living and social functioning should not be affected by social media. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前押题08 概要写作题 话题1 科技发展 话题4 社会生活 话题2 人际关系 话题5 运动健康 话题3 心理研究 话题6 个人成长 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 科技发展 Passage 1 How to Develop Healthy Digital Habits In today’s digital world, teenagers spend increasing amounts of time on screens, which can negatively impact their physical and mental health. Developing healthy digital habits is essential for maintaining balance in life. The first step is to set clear boundaries for screen time. Experts recommend taking regular breaks using the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Turning off notifications during study time helps maintain concentration. Establishing “screen-free” zones, especially in bedrooms, can significantly improve sleep quality. Another important aspect is being mindful of online content. Following educational or inspirational accounts rather than those promoting unrealistic standards can boost mental well-being. Students should also schedule offline activities like sports, reading, or face-to-face socializing to maintain a healthy balance between virtual and real-world interactions. Parents and schools play a crucial role in modeling and teaching digital wellness. Open discussions about responsible technology use, cyberbullying prevention, and critical thinking about online information should be encouraged. Teachers can incorporate digital literacy into their curriculum to help students navigate the online world safely. By carrying out these strategies, teenagers can enjoy technology’s benefits while avoiding its risks. Healthy digital habits formed during school years will serve students well throughout their lives in our increasingly connected world. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The passage discusses the importance of developing healthy digital habits for teenagers. Key strategies include setting screen time limits, creating screen-free zones, choosing positive online content, and balancing online activities with offline ones. Parents and schools should promote digital wellness through education and open discussions. These habits help teens enjoy technology safely while maintaining physical and mental health. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章论述了培养青少年健康数字习惯的重要性。关键策略包括设定屏幕使用时间限制、创建无屏幕区域、选择积极的网络内容以及平衡线上活动与线下活动。家长和学校应当通过教育和开放的交流来促进数字健康。这些习惯有助于青少年安全地使用技术，同时保持身心健康。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Developing healthy digital habits is essential for maintaining balance in life. ②The first step is to set clear boundaries for screen time. Establishing “screen-free” zones, especially in bedrooms, can significantly improve sleep quality. Another important aspect is being mindful of online content. Students should also schedule offline activities like sports, reading, or face-to-face socializing to maintain a healthy balance between virtual and real-world interactions. ③Parents and schools play a crucial role in modeling and teaching digital wellness. ④By carrying out these strategies, teenagers can enjoy technology’s benefits while avoiding its risks. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The passage discusses the importance of developing healthy digital habits for teenagers. Key strategies include setting screen time limits, creating screen-free zones, choosing positive online content, and balancing online activities with offline ones. Parents and schools should promote digital wellness through education and open discussions. These habits help teens enjoy technology safely while maintaining physical and mental health. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The passage discusses the importance of developing healthy digital habits for teenagers.运用动名词作宾语原文第一段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] These habits help teens enjoy technology safely while maintaining physical and mental health.运用了状语从句的省略对最后一段进行了概括。 Passage 2 Tired of walling in end loss lines to pay for what you have bought? Angry at wasting time in traffic jams only to find no parking spaces when you eventually arrive at the store? If this is you, then online shopping is the answer to your dreams of trouble-free shopping. However, online shopping brings its own challenges. Here are a few things to remember when browsing various websites. The claim made by online sites is that shopping online is a safe way to make purchases. The evidence challenges this. In any case, you only have to be the victim of fraud (诈骗) once to experience all the problems that come with this form of stealing. Another problem is the appearance of Items in reality is often quite different from what you see on your computer screen. This might not be a problem if you are buying washing up powder but could be a major disappointment when that beautiful blue dress you ordered turns up in green. Some even argue that online shopping indirectly causes global warning. Yes, your car can stay parked but how are online goods delivered? Often by some large vans pouring out carbon monoxide and adding to our already desperate traffic problems. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Online shopping can free you of the trouble you meet when buying things in store. However, it has challenges. Firstly, you should bear in mind that you must use sites which deserve trusting. Secondly, you shouldn’t believe all the descriptions because they may be untrue. Lastly, you should know although the delivery may be late, it may cause global warming. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了网购的优势及需要注意的几个问题。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①However, online shopping brings its own challenges. ②The claim made by online sites is that shopping online is a safe way to make purchases. The evidence challenges this. ③Another problem is the appearance of Items in reality is often quite different from what you see on your computer screen.   ④Some even argue that online shopping indirectly causes global warning.   2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 First of all, you should remember that you must use trustworthy websites. Secondly, you should not believe all the descriptions, because they may not be true. Finally, you should know that while delivery may be late, this could contribute to global warming. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Online shopping can free you of the trouble you meet when buying things in store.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句以及从句的省略用法） [高分句型2] Firstly, you should bear in mind that you must use sites which deserve trusting.（运用了that引导的宾语从句以及which引导的定语从句） Passage 3 Mercury (汞)Threat in Ocean A newly-published study,led by researchers from Peking University with experts from the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, has found that ocean, with its continental shelf holding the largest amount of mercury,is now facing a rapidly increasing possibility of mercury release. According to the study,continental shelves are disturbed by human activities.Trawling,during which fishermen pull wide nets behind their ships for fish,is one to blame.When the fishing boats with large nets drag through the seabed,they boost the release rate of mercury buried for decades or centuries.The research also uncovered the similar negative impact of dredging,where people remove mud and unwanted materials from the shelf with special machines to deepen it or look for something. The above activities disturb over 5,000 tons of mercury annually,speeding up its release. Meanwhile, climate change is worsening the situation.The researchers have concluded from their observation that the increasing quantity of mercury release in recent decades from ocean is related to global warming, a tendency with various side effects.They explained that rising temperatures put the decomposition of organic matter in continental shelves on a faster track, promoting the amount of mercury release.Another study on waters,continental shelf being a part, has shown that for every 10℃ increase in temperature,the breakdown rate of sediments(沉积物) almost doubles. Therefore, it is suggested that policies be made on banning or at least reducing inappropriate ocean resource development based on scientific assessment and international cooperation. And a clear goal for a slower global warming pace,supported by reliable scientific research,should be set and then translated into an actionable strategy and achieved worldwide.If these measures are adopted, this last line of mercury defense will probably be safeguarded. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案： 01: A study finds oceans face growing mercury release risk as human activities like trawling, and dredging, disturb continental shelves. Climate change accelerates it via faster organic matter decomposition. Policies limiting harmful exploitation and global warming-slowing cooperation are suggested. 02: Human activities like trawling and dredging disturb mercury stored in continental shelves, accelerating its release into the ocean. Climate change further worsens the situation by speeding up organic matter decomposition, which increases mercury release. The study suggests policies to limit harmful ocean exploitation and global cooperation to slow warming, helping protect this final defense against mercury pollution. 本文是一篇说明文，基于多国研究者的新研究，阐述了海洋面临汞释放风险加剧的两大原因 —— 人类活动干扰和气候变化，同时提出了对应的政策与国际合作建议。 详细解析 1. 要点摘录 A Sino-foreign joint study finds oceans (continental shelves hold most mercury) face rapidly increasing mercury release possibility. Human activities: Trawling and dredging disturb seabeds, speeding up the release of buried mercury (over 5,000 tons annually). Climate change: Global warming accelerates organic matter decomposition in continental shelves, doubling sediment breakdown rate per 10℃ rise. Suggestions: Make policies to limit inappropriate ocean development; set global goals to slow warming via international cooperation. 2. 写作思路 先总述研究核心结论：海洋汞释放风险上升。 再分述两大驱动因素：人类活动（明确具体行为）和气候变化（说明作用机制）。 最后提炼核心建议：政策限制与全球合作，简洁呼应原文解决方案。 3. 亮点词汇 Continental shelves：大陆架（原文核心地理概念，精准保留） Trawling/dredging：拖网捕捞 / 疏浚作业（专业术语，准确指代人类活动） Mercury release：汞释放（全文核心动作，贯穿逻辑主线） Organic matter decomposition：有机物分解（精准概括气候变化的作用路径） 4. 高分句式 括号补充说明：(trawling, dredging)（简洁列出具体活动，避免句子冗长） 介词短语作方式状语：via faster organic matter decomposition（清晰说明气候变化的作用方式，逻辑连贯） 被动与主动结合：Policies limiting harmful exploitation are suggested（用被动语态客观呈现建议，符合说明文语气） 话题2 人际关系 Passage 1 A Wise Way to Make Families Rules All groups, of whatever size or nature, need standard operating procedures. Without them, groups may very well fall into confusion, chaos and conflict. The functions that rules can serve are indispensable. When it comes to parenting, making rules can make a big difference in our family as well. Actually, the issue is not whether our families need rules. We do need them. The real issue is how to motivate all family members to comply with (遵守) them. At some time in our lives we all have felt unmotivated to comply with some rule or policy that we had no voice in making. Denied the opportunity to participate in establishing a rule, most people feel imposed upon and resentful of the new rule. But when people actively participate in setting a rule or making a decision that will affect them, they are more highly motivated to comply with it. We call this the Principle of Participation, and it has proven its effectiveness in families as well. When children are given the opportunity to participate in setting rules or making decisions that will affect them, several good things happen. Children feel better about themselves — having more self-esteem (自尊心) and self-confidence. Such a good effect is due to their feeling that they have gained more “fate control” over their own lives. They also feel they are equal members of the family with an equal voice in making decisions and establishing rules — they’re part of a team, not second-class citizens. This means that families that function collaboratively and democratically will have closer and warmer relationships than those in which the adults act as bosses or authorities expecting the children to obey the rules made for them. Another important reason for encouraging the full participation of family members in decision making is that it often produces higher-quality solutions to problems. Two heads (or three, or four) are better than one. Shared decisions will be based not only on the knowledge and experience of the adults but also on those of the children. The admonition (告诫) that father knows best should be challenged now. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The passage emphasizes the importance of establishing family rules through active participation of all family members, which fosters a sense of self-esteem, self-confidence, and equality among them, leading to a more collaborative and democratic family environment. It also highlights the benefits of collective decision-making in generating higher-quality solutions to family problems. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了在家庭中制定规则的重要性，以及如何通过家庭成员的积极参与来提高遵守规则的动机。文章指出，当家庭成员有机会参与制定规则或决策时，他们会更愿意遵守这些规则，因为这是参与原则的应用。此外，文章还提到了参与规则制定对孩子们的积极影响，以及集体决策如何带来更高质量的解决方案。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Without them, groups may very well fall into confusion, chaos and conflict. ②The real issue is how to motivate all family members to comply with them. ③We call this the Principle of Participation, and it has proven its effectiveness in families as well. ④When children are given the  opportunity to participate in setting rules or making decisions that  will affect them, several good things happen. ⑤This means that families  that function collaboratively and democratically will have closer and  warmer relationships than those in which the adults act as bosses or  authorities expecting the children to obey the rules made for them. ⑥Shared decisions will be based not only on the knowledge and experience of the adults but also on those of the children. 2. 缜密构思 将第①和②要点进行重组，将第③、④和⑤要点进行整合，最后将第⑥要点单独列出。 3. 遣词造句 The text underscores the significance of creating household guidelines through the engaged involvement of every family member It cultivates a feeling of self-worth, assurance, and mutual respect,  resulting in a more cooperative and egalitarian home atmosphere. It also spotlights the advantages of joint decision-making in yielding more effective resolutions to domestic issues. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The passage emphasizes the importance of establishing family rules through active participation of all family members, which fosters a sense of self-esteem, self-confidence, and equality among them, leading to a more collaborative and democratic family environment.运用了which引导的定语从句以及现在分词充当结果状语，对文章第一至第三段进行了总结。 [高分句型2] It also highlights the benefits of collective decision-making in generating higher-quality solutions to family problems.运用了多种高级词汇以及介词+动名词的结构，对最后一段进行了总结。 Passage 2 Why You Need a Network of Casual Friends When I was laid off in 2015, I tweeted it the way any young people would in the hope that someone in my social network would point me to potential opportunities. To my surprise, a friend of a friend alerted me to an opening in her department by Facebook message, and she became my boss three rounds of interviews later. Think of the parents you see in the drop-off zone at school, your favorite waiter, the other dog owners at the park. Sociologists call these relationships “weak ties.” Not only can these connections affect our job prospects, but they can also have a positive impact on our well-being. Maintaining the network of acquaintances can help you feel more connected. The desire to belong and form social attachments is a basic human need, alongside food, sleep and safety. But once we hit 25, the number of friends we have peaks and becomes smaller over time, according to a 2016 study. As we get older and priorities shift from after-work bowling league to after-school pickup, maintaining a loaded social calendar becomes less important. Staying socially engaged, then, is integral to personal fulfillment. Besides, having at least a few acquaintances can connect us with a larger circle of people, which is fantastic news, say, for job hunters. Even if our friends want to help us find a job, the weak ties are often the ones who widen the job-search playing field. Those acquaintances also provide us with a wider worldview. Regularly interacting with people who have different experiences than we do allows us to be more mindful of others’ circumstances. This, in turn, builds empathy. Still, casual friends have a lot to offer. Uncovering surprising tidbits(花边新闻) about the regular players in one’s life—discovering that your neighbor is an accomplished dancer, for instance—can spice up your day. So next time you see a friendly face when you’ re out and about, you might as well try to initiate small talks. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Weak ties have a positive effect on job prospects and our happiness, which can make us feel more connected, meet human social needs, and help realize personal value. In addition, regular communication with people who have different experiences can make us more aware of other people's situations and develop empathy. Finally, acquaintances can bring us unexpected surprise and add fun. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要内容是关于为什么需要建立一个众多的熟人网络。作者分享了自己找工作时通过社交网络得到机会的经历，并指出这种弱关系的联系不仅对就业前景有影响，还对我们的幸福感有积极影响。保持熟人网络可以让我们感到更加连接，满足人类的社交需求，同时也有助于个人成就感。此外，拥有一些熟人可以让我们与更多人建立联系，对求职者来说是好消息。与不同经历的人经常互动可以让我们更加关注他人的处境，培养同理心。最后，熟人也可以给我们带来意想不到的惊喜，比如发现邻居是一位有才华的舞者。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Not only can these connections affect our job prospects, but they can also have a positive impact on our well-being. ②Maintaining the network of acquaintances can help you feel more connected. Staying socially engaged, then, is integral to personal fulfillment. ③Regularly interacting with people who have different experiences than we do allows us to be more mindful of others’ circumstances. This, in turn, builds empathy. ④Uncovering surprising tidbits about the regular players in one’s life—discovering that your neighbor is an accomplished dancer, for instance—can spice up your day. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 Weak ties have a positive effect on job prospects and our happiness. At the same time, it can make us feel more connected, meet human social needs, and help realize personal value. In addition, frequent communication with people who have different experiences can make us more aware of other people's situations and develop empathy. Finally, acquaintances can bring us unexpected surprises and add fun. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Weak ties have a positive effect on job prospects and our happiness, which can make us feel more connected, meet human social needs, and help realize personal value. 运用which引导的非限制性定语从句，以及并列结构，表达高级。 [高分句型2]： In addition, regular communication with people who have different experiences can make us more aware of other people's situations and develop empathy. 运用who引导的定语从句，以及介词短语in addition作状语。 Passage 3 For thousands of years, Chinese people have valued the large family with three, four, or even five generations living under the same roof. That's what we call an extended family. Now it is changing. Compared to extended families. nuclear families which involve only two generations living together are becoming the trend. Apart from family size, these families are also featured by reduced dependence on the last generation. Young people are able to make decisions on their own and children are less likely to be brought up by their grandparents. The reason for the tendency of nuclear families can be reflected as follows. It's a time when young people think highly of individual freedom. Young people like to have personal space that won't be disturbed by the old generations. In this way, they are more likely to avoid conflicts caused by different living habits from their parents. It's also a time when social welfare institutions are highly advanced for old people to lead a comfortable life . Senior citizens can live together in some nursing homes and be taken good care of by specialized nursing workers, which may base young people's heavy burden of attending their aging parents. However, the problem concerning attending to children turns up as the number of nuclear families increases. Young people are busy with their work and spend less time with their children. As a result, lacking enough care both from their parents and grandparents during their growth, children may develop mental illnesses like loneliness and depression. Many young people, therefore, hire babysitters to look after and keep company with their children, which adds a financial burden to them. Facing the problem above, young people can seek help from old generations, communities and government. Old generations are welcomed to take care of their grandchildren, especially when young people are asked to work overtime. Communities ought to organize some volunteers to look after unattended kids. And government can set up special loads for young people to relieve their financial problem. With the joint efforts, nuclear families are expected to fit in well with the development of the society. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The trend of nuclear families is increasing in China, with fewer generations living together under one roof. However, this trend also leads to challenges in child care, as parents have less time to spend with their children. Solutions such as involving grandparents, community volunteers, and government support are suggested to address these challenges. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说在中国，核心家庭的趋势正在增加，越来越少的几代人住在一个屋檐下。然而，这一趋势也带来了儿童保育方面的挑战，因为父母花在孩子身上的时间越来越少。解决这些挑战的方法包括祖父母、社区志愿者和政府支持。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①For thousands of years, Chinese people have valued the large family with three, four, or even five generations living under the same roof. That’s what we call an extended family. Now it is changing.   ②Compared to extended families, nuclear families which involve only two generations living together are becoming the trend. ③However, the problem concerning attending to children turns up as the number of nuclear families increases. ④Facing the problem above, young people can seek help from old generations, communities and government. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 In China, the trend of nuclear family is increasing, because fewer and fewer generations live under one roof. Nevertheless, this trend also brings childcare challenges as parents spend less and less time with their children. Approaches to addressing these challenges include grandparents, community volunteers, and government support. 【点睛】[高分句型1]：The trend of nuclear families is increasing in China, with fewer generations living together under one roof.（运用了with的复合结构作状语） [高分句型2]：However, this trend also leads to challenges in child care, as parents have less time to spend with their children.（运用了as引导的原因状语从句） 话题3 心理研究 Passage 1 Fawning Do you ever feel,without any proof,that everyone hates you?If your answer is yes,you are not alone.It can occur after a neighbor doesn't say hello.It's hearing that the boss wants to chat with you and immediately assuming you're going to be fired. The strategy used to keep the painful feeling away is fawning,an extreme form of people pleasing.While fawning can help protect you sometimes,you may get trapped:your urge to scan for threats and read others' feelings goes into overdrive,making you see danger even when you're safe. Then,how to stop the urge to fawn? Firstly,you can challenge your insight that someone is mad at you by asking some questions.For example, when a friend doesn't text you back,you sometimes think,"Oh my gosh,is it something I said?” Then you remind yourself of the many times that you've received a text that later said,"Sorry,I was in a meeting."So, it's helpful to pause and remind yourself that your anxious mind has lied to you in the past. Also, check fawning behavior by starting small.For example,if your friend says,"I’m not mad at you," after you apologize for canceling plans,take her word for it instead of replaying the conversation in your head. Get comfortable with the discomfort of taking what people say at face value without second-guessing what else they could secretly be feeling. Lastly,make honest communication your goal.If you are not interested in a film, be honest instead of making up an excuse so that the person won't be upset with you.This practice might be uncomfortable in the short term but saves you so much energy in the long-term,and it strengthens the relationships you really value. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案： 01: Fawning, an extreme people-pleasing from fear of rejection, brings temporary relief but traps people in anxiety. To overcome it, one should question irrational fears, accept others’ words literally, and prioritize honest communication. 02: Fawning is an extreme form of people-pleasing that arises from fear of rejection or conflict. While it may offer temporary relief, it traps individuals in a cycle of anxiety and misinterpretation. To overcome fawning, one should question irrational fears, practice accepting others’ words at face value, and prioritize honest communication to build healthier relationships. 导语 本文是一篇说明文，定义了 “讨好型人格（fawning）” 的本质与潜在危害，同时从质疑恐惧、接纳字面意思、诚实沟通三个维度给出了克服该行为的具体方法。 要点摘录 Fawning is an extreme form of people-pleasing, used to avoid painful feelings of being hated/rejected. Harm: It traps people in overthinking threats, leading to anxiety and misinterpretation even in safe situations. Solutions: ① Question irrational assumptions (e.g., friend not texting back); ② Accept others’ words at face value; ③ Prioritize honest communication (e.g., refusing unwanted plans directly). 写作思路 先定义核心概念：讨好型人格的本质与成因。 再点明其双面性：暂时缓解痛苦但引发焦虑。 最后浓缩三大解决方案，省略具体例子，保留核心动作。 亮点词汇 Fawning：讨好型人格（原文核心术语，直接采用） People-pleasing：讨好行为（对应原文定义，简洁通俗） Irrational fears：非理性恐惧（精准概括讨好行为的心理根源） Prioritize honest communication：优先诚实沟通（提炼解决方案核心，动作明确） 高分句式 同位语结构：Fawning, an extreme people-pleasing from fear of rejection（用同位语快速定义概念，结构紧凑） 转折并列句：brings temporary relief but traps people in anxiety（用 “but” 清晰呈现利弊对比，逻辑鲜明） 不定式表目的：To overcome it, one should...（明确引出解决方案，符合概要写作的 “问题 - 对策” 逻辑框架） Passage 2 What Is a Superiority Complex? A superiority complex is a behavior that suggests a person believes they are somehow superior to others. People with this complex often have overstated opinions of themselves. They may believe their abilities and achievements are better than those of others. However, the complex is believed to be a defense system for feelings of inadequacy that we all struggle with. It is unclear why a person develops a superiority complex. Multiple incidents may be the root cause. For example, it may be the result of many failures. A person tries to complete a specific goal or achieve a desired outcome, but they don’t succeed. They learn to handle the anxiety and stress of the failure by pretending to be above it. If they feel protected from their failures in this way, they may repeat this behavior in the future. These behaviors can begin at an early age. When a child is learning to cope with challenges, they may learn to control feelings of inadequacy or fear. A superiority complex may develop. Likewise, it may also happen later in life. As teens and adults, a person has many opportunities to try new things among new people. If these situations are not successfully coped with, a person may develop a superiority complex to overcome feeling isolated. People with a superiority complex are unlikely to be a threat to anyone’s physical health. However, the continuous lies and overstatements can become annoying to others and may negatively affect relationships. It can push away other people in your life and shrink your social circle. If you are in a relationship with a person who you think has the issue, encourage the person to seek help. For example, never hesitate to reach out to mental health professionals. They can find healthier ways to deal with hidden feelings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A superiority complex means someone thinks they are superior. It’s a defense for feelings of inadequacy. Caused by multiple incidents like failures, it can develop early or later, affecting relationships. Seek help from mental health pros if needed. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了优越感的概念、可能的成因、可能的负面影响以及应对方法。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①A superiority complex is a behavior that suggests a person believes they are somehow superior to others. ②The complex is believed to be a defense system for feelings of inadequacy. ③Multiple incidents may cause it, such as many failures. ④It can develop at an early age or later in life. ⑤It may negatively affect relationships. Encourage those with the issue to seek help from mental health professionals. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3以及4、5要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 A superiority complex means someone thinks they are superior. It’s a defense for feelings of inadequacy. Caused by multiple incidents like failures, it can develop early or later, affecting relationships. Seek help from mental health pros if needed. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A superiority complex means someone thinks they are superior.（使用了省略连接词that引导的宾语从句） [高分句型2]Caused by multiple incidents like failures, it can develop early or later, affecting relationships.（使用了过去分词短语作状语，现在分词短语作状语） Passage 3 As parents, we need to help children build toward future success by developing persistence. Persistence is what drives actions such as finishing a task, pushing through frustration, putting in time and effort, or finding creative approaches to a challenging problem. The ability to keep trying early in life is linked to all sorts of favorable outcomes years later. There are three main strategies for encouraging persistence in your child. The first is modeling what persistence looks like. Good modeling is more effective when planned and carried out with a specific goal (such as developing honesty, or, yes, persistence) in mind. Parents who noticeably struggle with something that are slightly difficult at home, but continue to pursue the activity anyway, and repeat that pattern over time, may naturally foster persistence in a child. It helps more if they sometimes comment: “Hmm, that did not work. Let me try another way.” When you see your child doing this themselves and devoting special effort to a task, praise them right then and there. Praise even the smallest signs of effort. Quickly, clearly doing this will increase the child’s effort, which can, in turn, extend to other activities and situations they encounter in the future. In general, if you spot the child trying hard or harder than she usually does and working through tasks, praise them for what they are doing. And if you do not see this happening, and your child is not doing something a bit difficult, you do not need to wait. You can provide opportunities for persistence. That is, try to combine modeling and praise: Do anything that involves some time and effort together. Then, set small and eventually larger goals. Depending on how it is going, have the child do more and more of the task while you keep him or her company. However, your chosen activity should be fun or, at least, a time free of reprimands or harsh corrections. Some people are more naturally persistent than others. Repeated practice can teach children that the process is important—sometimes just as important as the goal. 【答案】Persistence, the capability to keep making attempts in difficulty, contributes to children’s future success. To help cultivate it, parents can act as models of persistence by constantly showing children their continuous efforts despite difficulties, praise children for trying harder than usual, and create opportunities by doing with kids together a fun activity needing time and efforts, gradually encouraging children’s persistence. 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，坚持，即在困难中不断尝试的能力，有助于孩子们未来的成功。要培养毅力，家长可以做毅力的榜样，不断向孩子展示自己在困难中不断努力，表扬孩子比平时更努力，和孩子一起做一个需要时间和努力的有趣的活动，创造机会，逐渐鼓励孩子的毅力。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①As parents, we need to help children build towards future success by developing persistence. Persistence is what drives actions such as finishing a task, pushing through frustration, putting in time and effort, or finding creative approaches to a challenging problem. ②The first is modeling what persistence looks like. Good modeling is more effective when planned and carried out with a specific goal (such as developing honesty, or, yes, persistence) in mind. Parents who noticeably struggle with something that are slightly difficult at home, but continue to pursue the activity anyway, and repeat that pattern over time, may naturally foster persistence in a child. ③When you see your child doing this themselves and devoting special effort to a task, praise them right then and there. Praise even the smallest signs of effort. ④That is, try to combine modeling and praise: Do anything that involves some time and effort together. Then, set small and eventually larger goals. Depending on how it is going, have the child do more and more of the task while you keep him or her company. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Persistence, the capability to keep making attempts in difficulty, contributes to children's future success. To help cultivate it, parents can act as models of persistence by constantly showing children their continuous efforts despite difficulties, praise children for trying harder than usual, and create opportunities by doing with kids together a fun activity needing time and efforts, gradually encouraging children's persistence. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Persistence, the capability to keep making attempts in difficulty, contributes to children’s future success.运用不定式作后置定语对原文第一段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] To help cultivate it, parents can act as models of persistence by constantly showing children their continuous efforts despite difficulties…用不定式作目的状语对第三段进行了概括。 话题4 社会生活 Passage 1 The Pressure on Parents to Train Their Babies' Brains Relax, but be on constant alert. Follow your instincts, but do exactly what the scientists say Amid such a flood of "expert" advice, is it any wonder that the experience of modern parenting can often feel exhausting? Thankfully, researchers are questioning this stress-generating situation. It all begins with the idea of “intensive parenting”, coined in the 1990s,describing a parenting standard that parents need to be sharply sensitive to their children's cognitive, psychological and emotional needs to shape their babies' brains. Unfortunately, it turns many of parenting's pleasures-such as smiling along with your baby—into critically important work which, if not performed adequately, puts that child's future health and happiness in danger. However, the evidence used to explain how baby brain develops is often flawed—whether it is a result of small samples that are more likely to turn up weird results or studying children who have experienced extreme neglect and then inferring more general lessons from this. Worse still, such research takes a short path to becoming public policy. Take A vision for the 1,001 critical days, a UK government report published in 2021, which states that the infant brain “becomes hardwired by the baby's earliest experiences”. Similar narratives have been adopted by various organizations that frame parents' interactions with their baby as a crucial window for shaping that child's future. Of course, there is a place for science in understanding child development and parenting. Rather than analyzing the parent-child relationship, think how babies and children really learn. They do so from everyone, not just their parents, and are doing it all the time—through watching, listening and playing. Rather than attempt to shape infants into a particular type of person, parents just need to provide a safe and stable environment in which they can develop. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案： Modern parenting is stressed by "intensive parenting" based on flawed baby brain development research, which even influences public policy. Actually, science should focus on children’s real learning; parents just need to offer a safe and stable environment. 导语 本文是一篇议论文，围绕现代父母面临的 “高强度育儿” 压力展开，指出该育儿标准的理论依据存在缺陷且过度影响公共政策，进而提出科学育儿的核心是为孩子提供安全稳定的成长环境。 1. 要点摘录 Modern parenting is exhausting due to conflicting "expert" advice, with "intensive parenting" requiring parents to meet children’s multiple needs to shape their brains. Evidence for baby brain development is flawed (small samples, extreme cases). Such research easily becomes public policy (e.g., UK government report). Science should focus on children’s real learning (from everyone, through daily interactions), and parents only need to provide a safe and stable environment. 2. 写作思路 先概括核心问题：现代父母因 “高强度育儿” 承受压力，而该育儿方式的理论基础有缺陷。 再补充关键细节：这类有缺陷的研究还影响了公共政策。 最后提炼核心观点：科学应关注孩子真实的学习方式，父母的核心责任是提供安全稳定的环境。 3. 亮点词汇 Intensive parenting：高强度育儿（核心术语，准确提炼原文关键词） Flawed：有缺陷的（精准概括原文对研究的批判态度） Shape their brains：塑造大脑（保留原文核心动作，简洁有力） Safe and stable environment：安全稳定的环境（原文关键信息，直接呼应建议内容） 4. 高分句式 被动语态：Modern parenting is stressed by...（客观陈述现象，符合议论文概要的中立语气） 定语从句："intensive parenting" based on flawed baby brain development research（简洁衔接核心概念与限定条件，避免冗余） Passage 2 Why Gen Z Is Leaving Cities for the Countryside In recent years, there has been a noticeable trend of Gen Z individuals relocating from cities to the countryside. This generation, born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, is known for its preference for experiences over material possessions and a desire to lead a more sustainable lifestyle. As a result, many young people are leaving urban areas in pursuit of a slower pace of life and closer connection with nature. The appeal of country living for Gen Z stems from multiple factors. Firstly, it offers a slower pace of life, which can be a welcome change from the hustle and bustle of city living. This can be particularly beneficial for those who struggle with anxiety or stress-related issues. Moreover, there is greater access to nature and outdoor activities such as hiking, camping and fishing. This not only promotes physical health but also helps to develop a deeper connection with the natural world. Also, living in the countryside often means lower living costs and less competition for jobs, making it an attractive option for those just starting out in their careers. Some believe that technology has completely captured the attention of the younger generation, and they are therefore reluctant to leave the conveniences and excitement of the modern city. Actually, it is precisely this technological advancement that has facilitated the shift towards rural living among Gen Z. With remote work becoming increasingly common, young adults are no longer tied to urban centers for employment. They can work from anywhere with a reliable internet connection. Additionally, social media platforms have made it easier for individuals to share their rural lifestyles and connect with others who have similar interests. This virtual community fosters a sense of belonging and encourages young people to explore and appreciate the natural beauty of countryside. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gen Z is leaving cities for the countryside. The slower life pace of rural living relieves anxiety; outdoor activities benefit physical health and draw people closer to nature; lower living cost and less job competition also attract young people. Internet connection and social media platforms enable them to work remotely and be connected with others, making life convenient and enjoyable. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍Z世代离开城市前往农村的原因。农村生活的慢节奏缓解了焦虑；户外活动有益于身体健康，拉近人们与自然的距离；较低的生活成本和较少的就业竞争也吸引了年轻人。互联网连接和社交媒体平台使他们能够远程工作并与他人联系，使生活更加便利和愉快。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①In recent years, there has been a noticeable trend of Gen Z individuals relocating from cities to the countryside. ②As a result, many young people are leaving urban areas in pursuit of a slower pace of life and closer connection with nature. ③Firstly, it offers a slower pace of life, which can be a welcome change from the hustle and bustle of city living. ④Moreover, there is greater access to nature and outdoor activities such as hiking, camping and fishing. ⑤Also, living in the countryside often means lower living costs and less competition for jobs, making it an attractive option for those just starting out in their careers. ⑥This virtual community fosters a sense of belonging and encourages young people to explore and appreciate the natural beauty of countryside. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4、5、6四个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Gen Z is leaving cities and going to the countryside. There are various reasons for Gen Z’s leaving cities for the countryside .For example, the slower life pace of rural living relieves anxiety; outdoor activities benefit physical health and draw people closer to nature; lower living cost and less job competition also attract young people. Internet connection and social media platforms enable them to work remotely and be connected with others, which can make life convenient and enjoyable. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The slower life pace of rural living relieves anxiety; outdoor activities benefit physical health and draw people closer to nature; lower living cost and less job competition also attract young people. 运用了几个分句来描述Z世代离开城市去农村的原因，表达高级。 [高分句型2]：Internet connection and social media platforms enable them to work remotely and be connected with others, making life convenient and enjoyable. 用现在分词making 作结果状语，表达非常高级。 Passage 3 Should you build a capsule wardrobe (胶囊衣柜)? Do you ever struggle with choosing your outfit in the morning? If you have a full wardrobe yet still feel you don't have anything to wear, you might want to build yourself a capsule wardrobe! So, what is this? Put simply, a capsule wardrobe is a small selection of items of clothing that go well with each other, and are therefore interchangeable. Key to the capsule wardrobe is solid basics, like plain tops, and, ideally, neutral colors, because they make combinations easier. Consider the flexibility of a basic pair of jeans. They can be paired with sneakers and a T-shirt for a relaxed style or a jacket paired with high heels, if you want to look more sophisticated. Fashion bloggers also talk about timeless classics-picture a luxury black handbag that will suit any occasion and won't go out of style. But why might it be beneficial to build a capsule wardrobe? Well, by limiting your choices, it can become much easier to choose what to wear, but there is another advantage too-it can reduce the amount of fast fashion. Fast fashion refers to clothes which are trendy for just a short time, so they are quickly replaced by newer trends. This results in cheap and poor-quality clothing which has huge environmental costs as waste goes to landfill, resulting in an increase in pollution. According to UK clothes waste charity TRAID, the average garment is worn just 10 times before long disposed of. So, having a capsule wardrobe with long-lasting and high-quality clothes should help reduce this, even if it means paying more in the first place. Building an excellent capsule wardrobe takes time and patience. But if you want to reduce waste and have some extra time in the morning, it might be time to start building! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案： A capsule wardrobe includes interchangeable basic pieces and timeless classics in neutral colors, simplifying daily outfit choices. It cuts down fast fashion waste as its high-quality items are durable, though building it requires patience and may cost more more initially. 导语 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了胶囊衣柜的定义（由百搭基础款、经典款组成，颜色中性），阐述了其便于搭配、减少快时尚浪费的优势，同时提及打造胶囊衣柜需耗时且初期成本可能较高的特点。 详细解析 1. 要点摘录 A capsule wardrobe is a small set of interchangeable clothes, focusing on solid basics and neutral colors, plus timeless classics. Benefit 1: Makes choosing outfits easier by limiting choices. Benefit 2: Reduces fast fashion (cheap, low-quality, environmentally harmful) as its clothes are long-lasting and high-quality. Building it requires time and patience, and may cost more at first. 2. 写作思路 先定义胶囊衣柜的核心特征：百搭、基础款 + 经典款、中性色。 再分述核心优势：便于搭配、减少快时尚浪费。 最后补充注意事项：耗时、初期成本较高。 3. 亮点词汇 Capsule wardrobe：胶囊衣柜（核心术语，准确对应原文） Interchangeable：可互换的（精准概括胶囊衣柜的核心功能） Timeless classics：永恒经典款（保留原文关键描述，体现衣柜特点） Fast fashion：快时尚（行业术语，简洁传递环保相关核心概念） 4. 高分句式 介词短语作定语：with interchangeable basic and timeless clothes in neutral colors（用一个短语整合多个特征，结构紧凑，信息密度高） 让步状语从句：though building it takes time and may cost more initially（简洁补充转折信息，逻辑清晰不拖沓） 话题5 运动健康 Passage 1 When you hear the final whistle One of the hardest things for any sportsperson to do is to know when to retire. But even harder is finding the answer to the question “What am I going to do with the rest of my life?” Some sportspeople go on playing too long. Perhaps they just can’t stand life without the “high” of playing professional sport. Michael Jordan, the greatest basketball player of all time retired three times. He retired once from the Chicago Bulls, made a successful comeback with the Bulls, then retired again. His second comeback with an inferior team ended in failure and he retired forever at the age of 38. Jordan said, “There will never be anything I do that will fulfill me as much as competing did.” Others can’t resist the chance of one last “pay day”. Muhammad Ali needed the money, but his comeback fight, at the age of 39, against Trevor Berbick, was one of the saddest spectacles in modern sport. After losing to Berbick, Ali retired permanently. Three years later he developed Parkinson’s disease. For some people, the pain of retirement never leaves them. As Jimmy Greaves, an ex-England international footballer said, “I think that a lot of players would prefer to be shot once their career is over.” Many of them spend their retirement in a continual battle against depression, alcohol, or drugs. But for the lucky few, retirement can mean a successful new career. Franz Beckenbauer is a classical example of a footballer who won everything with his club, Bayern Muaich. After retiring he became a successful coach with Bayern and finally president of the club. John McEnroe, the infamous “bad boy” of tennis, is now a highly respected and highly paid TV commentator. But sadly, for most sportspeople these cases are the exceptions. 【答案】For sportsmen, knowing what to do after retirement is harder than deciding when to retire. Some play so long that they have trouble adjusting to life after retirement, while the need for money keeps others stay. For some, the pain of retirement is with them for the rest of life, while for others, retirement means a successful new career. 【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括对运动员来说知道退役后做什么比决定何时退役更难，一些人难退役是因为他们难以适应退役后的生活，另一些则是需要钱；对一些人来说，退役的痛苦伴随整个余生，而对另一些人来说则意味着一个新的成功的生涯，注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。 【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。 2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。 3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。 4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。 Passage 2 The Drawbacks—and Benefits—of Isolation Loneliness is increasingly seen as a serious problem in modern society, affecting both the elderly and many young people. Smartphones, social media, and remote work are often blamed for making individuals feel isolated. Three recent books explore the complex nature of being alone. “All the Lonely People” shares personal stories from individuals experiencing deep isolation. The author, Sam Carr, a psychologist, sensitively shows the emotional pain caused by loss of family members, disease, or difficult childhood experiences. After reading this book, one may wonder whether loneliness is just an unavoidable human experience. Actually, Carr suggests loneliness isn’t one simple feeling, but a mix of different unhappy emotions and unsatisfied needs. Another book, “Solitude”, written by two psychologists, shows a completely different story, exploring the rewards of time spent alone. It is common to treat loneliness and being alone as similar concepts, but they are not. Based on laboratory work, interviews and surveys, the authors argue that isolation offers valuable benefits, which allows people space to rest, think, and escape constant noise and distractions. However, the experience depends entirely on whether being alone is voluntary. Being forced to stay isolated, like prisoners, is usually miserable. “The Success of the Slippers” presents a more critical view of modern isolation. Mr Bruckner, a philosopher, calls the present period “a Great Withdrawal.” The book describes a society where most tasks can be completed without leaving house. The author’s comment? “While it’s nice to be comfortable, you can’t build a civilization on softness.” Mr Bruckner’s main theme is the need for people to relearn the art of affection. The author believes “interactive isolation” enabled by technology cannot replace “the great theatre of the world.” Mr Bruckner supplies a checklist for getting rid of enduring, painful feelings of loneliness: “Have we loved others enough, given others enough, held others enough?” In a world where people are increasingly isolated, maybe it is time to try to answer these questions. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案： Three recent books explore modern isolation from different angles: one shows its emotional pain from loss or hardship, another emphasizes voluntary solitude’s benefits like rest, and the third criticizes it, calling for relearning affection. 本文是一篇议论文，围绕现代社会的孤独与独处现象，介绍了三本近期书籍的不同观点：一本聚焦孤独的痛苦与复杂性，一本强调自愿独处的益处，另一本批判现代孤立状态并呼吁人们重拾情感联结。 1. 要点摘录 Loneliness is a serious modern problem; three books explore the nature of being alone. "All the Lonely People": Shows isolation’s emotional pain, argues loneliness is a mix of negative emotions/unsatisfied needs. "Solitude": Distinguishes loneliness from being alone, highlights benefits of voluntary solitude (rest, thinking, escaping distractions). "The Success of the Slippers": Criticizes modern "Great Withdrawal", urges relearning affection. 2. 写作思路 先总起：三本新书从不同角度探讨现代孤立现象。 再分述每本书的核心观点：分别对应 “痛苦与复杂”“自愿独处的益处”“批判与呼吁”。 避免冗余细节，聚焦每本书的核心立场。 3. 亮点词汇 Isolation：孤立（核心概念，统摄全文主题） Emotional pain：情感痛苦（精准概括第一本书的核心内容） Voluntary solitude：自愿独处（准确区分关键概念，体现原文逻辑） Relearn affection：重拾情感联结（提炼最后一本书的核心呼吁，简洁有力） 4. 高分句式 冒号引导并列结构：one shows..., another highlights..., and the third criticizes...（清晰呈现三本书的观点对比，结构对称，逻辑连贯） 现在分词作伴随状语：urging people to relearn affection（简洁补充书籍的核心呼吁，避免句子冗长） Passage 3 The Happiness Project What would your answer be if I were to ask you what you wanted from life? Author Gretchen Rubin asked herself that question one day while sitting in traffic on a bus. After giving it some thought, she realized that, overall, she wanted to be happy. If happiness was to be her goal, Rubin realized, “Time is passing, and I’m not focusing enough on the things that really matter.” This conclusion began a 12-month commitment to discover what would add more happiness to her life. The journey resulted in Rubin’s New York Times best-selling book The Happiness Project. In an effort to reach her goal, she tested numerous theories on happiness. Reading through philosophy, science, popular culture and more, the writer chose specific habits to examine and try to integrate into her lifestyle. Rubin’s book is divided into 12 chapters, each highlighting a different month and specific area of focus. In chapters one through 11, each new focus or category includes three or four things to work on. For instance, the first chapter begins with January and the importance of getting more physical and mental energy. The corresponding goals consist of getting better sleep and exercising more. Chapter 12 concentrates on pulling everything together and implementing all the new habits. At the end of her 12-month journey, Rubin concluded that small, daily changes had, in fact, resulted in a deeper sense of happiness. According to some of the reviews, this is more than a typical self-help book. It’s full of humor, insight and actual examples from Rubin’s year-long experiment. In this new year, instead of making new resolutions that you’ll probably abandon by February, why not give Rubin’s Happiness Project a try? It is likely that you will then see an increase in your own happiness and the happiness you bring to others around you. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gretchen Rubin, inspired by a desire for happiness, launched a year-long project to explore ways to enhance her well-being. Having tested various habits and theories and documented them in her book, Rubin concluded that small daily changes contribute to lasting happiness. The book blends humor, insight, and practical advice, encouraging readers to focus on meaningful improvements rather than short-lived resolutions. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Gretchen Rubin的《幸福计划》及其核心内容。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Author Gretchen Rubin asked herself that question one day while sitting in traffic on a bus. After giving it some thought, she realized that, overall, she wanted to be happy. ②This conclusion began a 12-month commitment to discover what would add more happiness to her life. The journey resulted in Rubin’s New York Times best-selling book The Happiness Project. ③In an effort to reach her goal, she tested numerous theories on happiness. Reading through philosophy, science, popular culture and more, the writer chose specific habits to examine and try to integrate into her lifestyle. ④At the end of her 12-month journey, Rubin concluded that small, daily changes had, in fact, resulted in a deeper sense of happiness. ⑤According to some of the reviews, this is more than a typical self-help book. It’s full of humor, insight and actual examples from Rubin’s year-long experiment.  2.缜密构思 将①②两个要点重组为计划的起因与书籍的诞生，③④两个要点整合为计划的过程与核心结论，要点⑤提炼为书籍的特点。 3.遣词造句 Gretchen Rubin, realizing she wanted happiness, started a 12-month project to explore happiness-boosting ways, which became The Happiness Project. She tested theories and habits, and found small daily changes bring lasting happiness. The humorous, insightful book offers practical examples and advises meaningful improvements over fleeting resolutions. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Having tested various habits and theories and documented them in her book, Rubin concluded that small daily changes contribute to lasting happiness. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和现在分词完成式Having tested...and documented...作状语) 【高分句型2】The book blends humor, insight, and practical advice, encouraging readers to focus on meaningful improvements rather than short-lived resolutions. (运用了现在分词短语encouraging readers...作状语) 话题6 个人成长 Passage 1 The Fear of Taking Risks May Be Holding You Back Your brain will try to convince you to play it safe and tell you that you can’t succeed or that you shouldn’t bother trying something new. But even when these thoughts lack a rational (理性的) basis, we sometimes allow our anxiety to prevail (占上风). The problem is that we often base our decisions on emotion rather than logic. We incorrectly assume that there’s a direct relation between our fear level and the risk level. However, learning to take healthy risks can improve your life. If you find yourself fearing to take healthy,calculated risks, there are two strategies that can help. To begin with, balance your emotions with logic.Too often, we think our fear is related to the level of the risk. The scarier something feels, the riskier it must be. Driving a car probably doesn’t feel risky, but giving a speech might feel like a huge risk. Yet your chances of injury or death are higher when you’re behind the wheel. Spend a few minutes thinking about the actual level of risk. Ask yourself, “What risk do I actually face? How can I handle it if it doesn’t work out?” In addition, increase your chances of success. There are steps you can take to reduce the risk that you face. Spend time practicing a speech before you deliver it, which could increase your chances of success. Rather than spend time trying to decrease your fear, put your energy into increasing your chances of success. Facing your fears is a key component in developing the mental strength you need. It helps you learn to tolerate uncertainty and anxiety. It also provides you with a chance to sharpen your skills and learn from your mistake. With practice, you can get better at calculating risk. And as you improve, your chances of success will skyrocket. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Fear of risks holds people back due to emotional rather than logical decision-making. However, two strategies are helpful. First, balance emotions with logic by assessing actual risk levels. Second, boost success chances by focusing on preparation. Facing fears helps build mental resilience, improve risk calculation, and enhance success likelihood. (49 words) 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了人们因受情绪影响害怕冒险而停滞不前，进而给出平衡情绪与逻辑、提升成功概率两种应对策略，同时说明直面恐惧的积极意义。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Your brain will try to convince you to play it safe and tell you that you can’t succeed or that you shouldn’t bother trying something new. ②We often base our decisions on emotion rather than logic. We incorrectly assume that there’s a direct relation between our fear level and the risk level. ③Balance your emotions with logic. Spend a few minutes thinking about the actual level of risk. ④Increase your chances of success. Put your energy into increasing your chances of success. ⑤Facing your fears is a key component in developing the mental strength you need. It helps you learn to tolerate uncertainty and anxiety. ⑥With practice, you can get better at calculating risk. And as you improve, your chances of success will skyrocket. 2.缜密构思 将第①、②两个要点进行重组，作为开头。将第③、④要点进行整合，作为核心方法。最后将第⑤、⑥要点进行合并，作为总结。 3.遣词造句 Fear of risks holds people back due to emotional rather than logical decision-making. Balance emotions with logic by assessing actual risk levels. Boost success chances by focusing on preparation. Facing fears helps build mental resilience, improve risk calculation, and enhance success likelihood. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Fear of risks holds people back as they make decisions based on emotion rather than logic.(运用了as引导原因状语从句，清晰阐明人们因情绪主导决策而受恐惧束缚的因果关系) 【高分句型2】However, healthy calculated risks benefit life, with two strategies: balancing emotions with logic by assessing actual risks and boosting success chances through preparation.(运用了with复合结构和并列动名词短语，with 引导的短语简洁引出应对策略，并列的动名词短语明确两种策略的具体做法，句式紧凑且信息完整) Passage 2 Social media posts Like other millennials, Ms. Yu, a graphic designer, went through her bumpy teen years amid the rise of first-wave social media such as Friendster and Myspace. “Social media was very interesting and fresh to me, as it was a convenient way to connect with others,” she recalls. About three years ago, however, she started feeling less rosy about social media. “I was spending so much time taking photos to post online, hoping to get positive comments. I would be embarrassed if I received few ‘likes’ for my posts. I would ask myself, ‘Why did more people like someone else’s posts but not mine? Are my posts not good enough? Am I not good enough?’” Ms. Yu was eventually able to overcome her self-doubt by cutting back on time spent on social media, and using it only in cases where it would potentially boost rather than weaken her confidence. Her experience highlights the double-edged nature of social media. Clinical Psychologist Ms. Michelle Tan notes that it can be a powerful tool for relieving social isolation and loneliness. Online communities provide emotional support, often helping users turn online connections with like-minded people into real-life friendships. They can also serve as a motivational tool for achieving goals like quitting smoking or getting in shape. On the other hand, it could invite negative social comparisons with other online users and lower a person’s self-worth. Excessive virtual engagement may weaken real-life social skills. Also, being anonymous online makes cyberbullying more likely. Still, mental health issues can’t be blamed solely on social media, as multiple factors play a role. The key, therefore, is to develop healthy online habits (or cyber wellness).“To be cyber well on social media is to strike a healthy balance between online and offline activities,” says Mrs Low-Lim, a member of the Media Literacy Council. A person’s daily living and social functioning should not be affected by social media. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As a graphic designer, Ms. Yu went through her bumpy teen years on social media and benefited a lot from it. But later she experienced and overcame the feeling of self-doubt caused by the use of social media. Her experience proves that social media is a double-edged sword, and the key is to use it wisely. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，作为一名平面设计师，余女士在社交媒体上度过了坎坷的青少年时期，并从中受益匪浅。但后来她经历并克服了因使用社交媒体而产生的自我怀疑感。她的经验证明，社交媒体是一把双刃剑，关键是要明智地使用它。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Like other millennials, Ms. Yu, a graphic designer, went through her bumpy teen years amid the rise of first-wave social media such as Friendster and Myspace. ②About three years ago, however, she started feeling less rosy about social media. ③Her experience highlights the double-edged nature of social media.  ④The key, therefore, is to develop healthy online habits (or cyber wellness). 2.缜密构思： 将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 As a graphic designer, Ms. Yu went through her bumpy teen years on social media and benefited a lot from it. But later she experienced and overcame the feeling of self-doubt caused by the use of social media. Her experience proves that social media is a double-edged sword, and the key is to use it wisely. 【点睛】[高分句型1] But later she experienced and overcame the feeling of self-doubt caused by the use of social media.（运用了过去分词caused作后置定语） [高分句型2] Her experience proves that social media is a double-edged sword, and the key is to use it wisely.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） $