考前押题04 语篇语法填空（期中复习专项训练）高二英语下学期沪外版

考前押题04 语篇语法填空题 话题1 社会生活 话题4 科学技术 话题2 人际关系 话题5 历史文化 话题3 环境保护 话题6 自然生态 话题1 社会生活 Passage 1 The future is grey An aging world will oblige us to change how we live Much is made of intergenerational conflicts, with baby boomers competing against millennials or Gen Zers. But however these competing needs are resolved today, younger people will become a 1 (prized) resource in the future, because there will be fewer of them. Populations are slowly growing older than ever before due to two seemingly unstoppable demographic (人口的) forces. One is 2 , as countries become more prosperous, there is a decline in the number of children that people have. When that figure drops below the population replacement level of 2.1 children per woman—— 3 it is offset (抵消) by immigration—the head count shrinks as well as becoming more senior-heavy. If this trend continues, 97 percent of countries are forecast 4 (have) birthrates below the replacement level by the year 2100. The other key factor is that people are living longer in nearly every country in the world, a trend 5 has continued for decades. This 6 (drive) by multiple factors over the past century, including improvements in sanitation (公共卫生), the spread of vaccines and antibiotics, and, later on, by better treatments for heart disease and the decline of smoking. The next reshaping of life expectancy curves could come from the widespread use of weight- 7 (reduce) drugs such as Ozempic, or indeed medicines already in wide use today. These ageing populations present many challenges, forcing countries to rethink their systems of pensions, healthcare and so on. The risk is that there will be too few people of working age to help provide care for 8 who are older. But we 9 not necessarily be too pessimistic. Just like in medicine, advances in artificial intelligence and robotics are continuing rapidly. Could the potential demographic crisis be prevented by a workforce of intelligent machines? If so, 10 having to be worried about robots taking our jobs, we might one day welcome them with open arms. Passage 2 In some countries of West Yunnan Province, there exists a kind of “cat” _______1_______ (call) Tile Cat (瓦猫), which refers _____2_____ the cat-like decoration made from tiles placed in the middle of the home’s ridge (脊). It is said that it can drive away bad luck _____3_____ can protect the whole family. Once a new house is finished, a ceremony is required _____4_____ (inspire) the “power” of the Tile Cat before it is put on the home’s ridge. _____5_____ (general) falling during the second or eighth month of the Chinese Lunar calendar, a lucky day is chosen and a person is invited to perform the ceremony. During this time, _____6_____ person organizes a series of sacrificial (用于祭献的) activities. Later on, the Tile Cat is passed around and touched by the whole family, _____7_____ stand and see the whole process while the roof is being covered with tiles, until the Tile Cat _____8_____ (place) firmly and forever in the middle of the home’s ridge. From here on out, no matter how the weather is, the Tile Cat will guard the house on the high ridge, _____9_____ (make) the family feel thankful. As a spiritual support for the people there, the Tile Cat shows the constant wish for ______10______ (survive), safety and a happy life. Passage 3 Located in Wuhan City as a landmark (地标), the Yellow Crane Tower has ___1___very long history. Due to the perfect position, it was first built by Sun Quan as a watchtower for his army in 223. After what seemed ___2___ (hundred) of years, its military function was ___3___ (gradual) forgotten and the tower was enjoyed mainly as a picturesque (优美的) location. During the Tang Dynasty, many popular poems were written in praise of the Yellow Crane Tower. ___4___ was the Yellow Crane Tower poem that made the tower so famous and attractive. During the following centuries, it ___5___ (destroy) and rebuilt several times. The Yellow Crane Tower had different architectural features in different dynasties. However, the tower ___6___ stands today was rebuilt in a new place in 1981 ___7___completed in 1985. It is based on the old tower ___8___ (design) during the Qing Dynasty, standing 51.4 meters high. The ___9___ (appear) of the Yellow Crane Tower remains the same despite the direction it is viewed from. On top of the tower, visitors are treated to a fantastic view of the Yangtze River, its bridge and the ____10____ (surround) buildings in Wuhan City. Enjoying the fame (名声) of “The First Scenery under Heaven”, the Yellow Crane Tower is one of the most famous towers south of the Yangtze River. Passage 4 The origin of Children’s Day dates back to 1925 when representatives from different countries met in Geneva, Switzerland to arrange the first “World Conference for the Wellbeing of Children”. After ____1____ conference, some governments around the world designated a day as Children’s Day ____2____ (highlight) children’s issues. There was no specific date ____3____ (recommend), so countries used whatever date was most relevant to ___4____ (they) culture. The date of June 1st is used by many ex-Soviet (前苏联) countries ____5____ “The International Day for Protection of Children”. With the creation of World Children’s Day, UN member states recognized children, regardless of race, colour, gender, religion and national or ____6____ (society) origin, the right to affection, love, understanding, adequate food, medical care, free education, protection against all forms of exploitation (剥削) and growing in a climate of universal peace and brotherhood. In 1959, the UN adopted the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, ____7____ was based on the structure and contents of the Geneva Declaration and reaffirmed that “mankind owes to the child the best it has to give”. Children’s Day ____8____ (celebrate) with plays and events, free admission for children fairs and festivals, concerts, shows, and social activities. Often on Children’s Day there are ____9____ (competition) for children’s drawings or events for face-painting for children. Thus children can spend some time in the shoes of their favourite characters for a while _____10_____ take pictures as keepsakes (纪念品). Passage 5 　　　When Bill Priest walked into his kitchen on a recent Sunday,he got the shock of his life.An adult black bear was helping itself(1) some jam and crackers Priest had left out on the kitchen counter. 　　　"I froze,"Priest said."I was in total shock." 　　　Priest,who had just returned from working in his yard,(2) (grab)a chair to put between him and the animal.He eventually got the bear out through the front door by screaming, (3) eventually left but not before it ate an entire bag of marshmallows(棉花糖). 　　　(4) happened next was even more alarming for Priest.The bear came back the next day and tore a screen trying to get inside. 　　　The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP)has now set up a trap in Priest's backyard with the hope of catching the bear.The plan is(5) (shoot)it with a paintball gun and make loud noises-essentially to recondition it and retrain it,to teach the bear to be more afraid of humans by associating a bad experience with human activity. 　　　Priest isn't alone.More dangerous meetings with the wild animals(6) (report)across the state so far. 　　　"Bears learn from us,"said Jason Hawley,state wildlife biologist on the bear program with DEEP."The more bears are interacting with people,the more comfortable(7) become.” 　　　(8) a bear no longer fears humans,it is considered “habituated”,which makes that animal more dangerous. 　　　"Leaving trash outside and not(9) (lock)up or having any food source around your house is conditioning a bear to be habituated,"Hawley said.Even more reckless(鲁莽的),he said, is intentionally feeding a bear. 　　　"It is harming that bear,"Hawley said."When someone feeds a bear,they are changing their behavior to not fear humans,which means that animal ultimately will end up(10) (harm) someone else or have to be put down.” 话题2 文学艺术 Passage 1 First published on October 15, 1952, “Charlotte’s Web” is a popular children’s book written by well-known American author E. B．White and 1 （illustrate）by Garth Williams that deals with themes of the nature of friendship, loss, fate, acceptance, and renewal. The story centers on a pig named Wilbur and the unlikely but deep friendship 2 shares with an uncommonly talented spider named Charlotte. While it’s normal in the course of events on a farm for pigs 3 （kill）when they reach a certain size and age, clever Charlotte works out a scheme to keep Wilbur from his fate by weaving words into her web to create what amounts to a one-pig publicity campaign. By promoting Wilbur to celebrity status, Charlotte ultimately saves him 4 his date with the butcher’s knife. The ending of the “Charlotte’s Web” is bittersweet, however, 5 while Wilbur survives, Charlotte does not. But even Charlotte’s passing is a lesson-for Wilbur and those reading his story-about the nature of death and renewal. Death and destiny are both themes that the book explores. While Charlotte is willing to help Wilbur avoid a destiny that’s being imposed on him by outside forces beyond his control, she also understands that some fates are inevitable: All living creatures are born, 6 （have）a life cycle, and die. Charlotte accepts her role in this natural circle without regret. Charlotte helps Wilbur realize that immortality is not about living forever, but rather, 7 （ensure）that new generations will follow. She also helps him understand that love and friendship are not fixed in quantity. While we may lose a friend, new friendships can come along, not as replacements for 8 we’ve lost, but as blessings to build on what we’ve learned. “Charlotte’s Web” got its inspiration from true experiences that author E. B．White had on his farm in Maine, 9 he penned the book and lived until his death in 1985．While the author claims that the book 10 never be considered a moral tale, certain messages related to moral principles, or rights and wrongs, are obviously established in “Charlotte’s Web”. Passage 2 Leonardo da Vinci or the Chinese? It has long been considered that Leonardo da Vinci was actually the first person to ever draft a landscape on August 5th, 1473. This unprecedented act of describing mountains and trees on their own was revolutionary and surely helped Leonardo’s already genius status, but is this really the truth? Long before one of the greatest minds of humanity was born, the Chinese artists have been painting landscapes, 1 (describe) rivers and rocks, mountains and trees, for centuries. Leonardo’s1473 drawing actually looks a lot like a painting Winter Evening Landscape by Li Gongnian, 2 (paint) in 1120, over350 years before da Vinci’s famous sketch. The western world tends to center 3 in terms of inventions, the practice that continues on even to the 215t century. Just 4 (look) back on your years in school and try to remember one thing you learned about the Far East, whether its history or art, and I be t that you will have to think long and hard 5 you remember anything. This, of course, is nothing new of scandal (丑闻), as all cultures tend to think 6 their own as the most important one, but when it comes to unfairly crediting a western artist for something the Chinese have been doing for centuries, the Western-centrism becomes a bit of a problem, 7 brings us to Chinese landscape painting. The artists from the Middle Kingdom have been painting with such sensitivity and poetry while Europe was in the midst of fighting the cruel crusades (十字军东征) and completely forgetting the flourishing creativity of the ancient Greece. China has been in its golden age that Europe would not see until the ages of Leonardo and Van Gogh, who 8 (inspire) interestingly, heavily by the Chinese art. It is still a mystery 9 da Vinci’s sketch looks almost exactly like the Gongnian piece, which draws the curious minds 10 (wonder) if Leonardo had somehow managed to see the painting for himself, maybe through the artifacts brought from the Silk Road. Passage 3 With cheap storylines and stereotypical (老套的) characters, online literature _____1_____ (consider) low quality previously. But now, things seem to have changed. China's online literature has grown in popularity over the last two _____2_____ (decade). And now, this ___3___(grow) industry is getting the recognition (认可) it deserves. In early September, _____4_____ total of 100 online literary works were included in the digital collection of the National Library of China. The move was aimed at _____5_____ (preserve) memory as digital literature, according to CGTN. “These online works of literature can allow readers and authors _____6_____ (achieve) the resonance (共振) of the mood of the times,” noted Teller Report. Also, the online literature _____7_____ (inspire) the development of video games, films, TV series ___8___animations (动画) at home and abroad. “Chinese online literature bears huge _____9_____ (imagine) and creation of the writers, and they have brought Chinese literature to the world, ______10______ strengthens China's cultural connections with the world,” Xiao Jinghong, vice president of the Institute of Online Literature of the Association of Chinese Writers, told CGTN. Passage 4 Shijing, also The Book of Songs or Shih Ching, is the _____1_____ (early) collection of Chinese poetry. It _____2_____ (make) up of 311 poems dating from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle stage of the Spring and Autumn Period. Nowadays, Confucius is generally believed to be the ____3____ (edit) of the book. Shijing is rich in content, _____4_____ (describe) love and labour, war and slavery, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and special events. It is called a mirror of social life. Poems included in Shijing fall into three sections-poems that come from villages belong to Feng; those written to persuade or praise the rulers belong to Ya; those used at religious _____5_____ (ceremony) belong to Song. Ya and Song are flowery and serious in language. _____6_____, Feng is relatively inspiring and full of passion. The opening poem of Shijing, “Cooing and Wooing” (《关雌》), is about love, _____7_____ reads: By riverside are cooing, a pair of turtledoves; A good young man is wooing, a fair maiden he loves. It is vivid that the man is longing _____8____ (win) over the girl. Shijing enables people to have a better understanding of Chinese civilization and is also _____9_____ beginning of ancient Chinese poetry. Additionally, it is also frequently quoted in other Chinese texts and has always been referred to _____10_____ moral truth and lessons. Passage 5 Why Fairy Tales Are Really Powerful Tales When people think of fairy tales,they usually imagine pretty princesses,brave princes and happy endings.Yet if we look back to the earliest versions of these stories,we discover that fairy tales(1)_________( never mean) to be only sweet or child-friendly.In fact,they were originally serious and full of challenges.The fear and danger in these tales were not accidental—they carried moral, social,and even psychological meaning. In the past,life was full of risks:diseases,hunger,and poverty.Folk stories reflected that world. In Hansel and Gretel,two children are abandoned and almost captured by a witch (女巫),(2) _______ reminds us that cleverness and courage are needed for survival.In Little Red Riding Hood,the wolf's attack teaches young listeners not to trust strangers.Behind every tense scene,there(3) __________ (stand) a warning about real human behavior. Psychologists later pointed out that such stories help children face their inner worries.Bruno Bettelhem,a well-known scholar,suggested that fairy tales(4)_________ (allow) the mind to deal safely with emotions like jealousy,loneliness,and loss.The deep parts of the story,(5) _________ (act) like a mirror,help readers understand the hidden corners of their own hearts. Modern versions have softened these tales,replacing danger with beauty and loss with happy endings.But deep down,the original fear is(6) ________ gave fairy tales their power.Without fear,their lessons lose depth. (7)___________ (shape) by facing imaginary monsters,readers learn how to face real-life challenges. In the end,(8) ___________ they reflect the truth of human experience,fairy tales are really powerful tales.They remind us that(9) __________ reaching"happily ever after,"every hero or heroine still has to walk through the forest of uncertainty—and it is the journey through that darkness that makes the ending worthy(10) ___________ ( remember). 话题3 运动健康 Passage 1 Measure Your Stress with Fitness Trackers Not sure if it’s time for stress management? Check your watch. Toxic stress, caused by pandemic, 1 (fuel) a wave of new stress management trackers. Offered in health monitoring devices by companies such as Fitbit, WHOOP, and others, they aim to make users more informed of stress and learn tools for handling it. These trackers collect information on metrics such as heart rate, skin temperature, and sleep quality 2 cutting-edge sensors in smart watches, wristbands, and rings. They also continuously assess heart rate variability, or HRV, 3 is the balance between the body’s systems for ramping up to a challenge and slowing down to rest. Some, such as Google’s Fitbit, 4 (measure) electrical changes in certain sweat glands (腺体) that respond to stress and emotional arousal. This invisible “electrodermal” sweat “contains extra information about stress 5 HRV,” says Hugo Posada-Quintero, biomedical engineering professor at the University of Connecticut, “which can also be a measure of emotional responses.” When 6 (combine), these metrics reveal psychological stress—like chronic worrying or work aggravation—that damages health and 7 otherwise escape our awareness. This so-called “unrecognized stress” is common in people with busy lifestyles. The trackers show 8 other stressors, like exercise, are beneficial in the right amounts. 9 some physical responses to exercise resemble unhealthy stress, the trackers may distinguish good stress from bad. If you’re moving your body in specified ways, they can determine that your fast pulse is from road running, not road rage. 10 (quantify) your habits and experiences can encourage behavior changes for stress management. If you eat a large, sugary meal before bed, for example, your stress numbers go up the digestive overload increases heart rate. The sensors will further detect how the late meal disrupts sleep. Passage 2 Coping With the Sunday Scaries A few years ago, I was in the kitchen of a friend’s house preparing a meal. When we all sat down to eat, my friend’s wife wolfed down her supper and then disappeared into another room to do some work. He smiled and said, “Sunday nights are the new Monday mornings around here.” I was surprised at the time. Now, I find myself 1 (behave) in exactly the same manner. Every time I open up my calendar on Sunday evening, a subtle sense of dread comes over me. I feel as 2 I am behind before the week has even begun. Apparently, my Sunday-night anxieties and Monday-morning blues are not unique to me alone. A new study led by Ilke Inceoglu from the University of Exeter found that this phenomenon often takes the form of mental concerns about the week ahead, as well as feelings of nervousness and difficulty with sleeping. “It’s as if your mind moves away from 3 has been experienced over the weekend as the general sense of relaxation or enjoyment, and quickly shifts towards whatever worries you have about everything you’ve got to do in the work week ahead,” said one of Inceoglu’s respondents. Inceoglu found that these Sunday scaries were particularly pronounced 4 people who frequently checked their emails during the weekend, had tasks left over from the previous week, and had unreasonably high expectations of themselves. These matters seem 5 (make) worse as a result of the pandemic, where the rise of working from home 6 (blur) the boundaries between work and leisure. What should we do about the “Sunday scaries”? Researchers have offered some useful suggestions that 7 help us make Monday less depressing. One is to change 8 you think about the weekend. One U.S. study found that when participants were asked to treat their weekend as a mini-vacation, they tended to do more cheerful activities and returned to work on Monday satisfied with their jobs. 9 second way is to redesign our Monday so that it has some of the features that make us feel good during the weekend. Introducing simple changes, such as starting the day with something you are good at, setting aside a little unstructured time where you are able to do what you want, or setting up a lunchtime date with 10 you find enjoyable to be around, could make all the difference. Passage 3 Do We Really Need 8 Hours of Sleep? Culture Matters People in different countries sleep varying amounts, and cultural beliefs about sleep play a significant role in its relationship to health. Studies have shown that Japanese people sleep significantly less than (1) ______ in the United States, Canada, and Europe. Research has shown that Japanese people sleep 25 minutes less on average than Americans and 40 minutes less than Dutch people. Despite sleeping less than the (2) ______ (recommend) eight hours, Japanese individuals generally have better health outcomes, living longer with lower rates of cancer and heart disease compared to North Americans. This creates a puzzle. One reason for this (3) ______ be cultural dietary habits. Americans tend to consume more red meat and dairy, while the Japanese eat more fish, fruits, and vegetables. However, this alone doesn’t fully explain the health differences. Why do Japanese individuals seem healthier (4) ______ they sleep less? In Japan, people tend to believe that sleep is a luxury, not a necessity, and (5) ______ sacrificing sleep is vital for success. In North American culture, there is a strong, widespread belief that getting 8 hours of sleep is essential for (6) ______ (maintain) good health. A specific study led by Benjamin Cheung investigated these cultural differences, (7) ______ researchers compared 295 university students from Canada and Japan. Participants wore watches (8) ______ (track) their actual sleep and answered questions about sleep beliefs and health. The results were clear: Japanese students averaged about 6 hours of sleep per night, significantly less than 7 hours among Canadian students. Interestingly, fewer physical health symptoms (9) ______ (report) among the Japanese students. Therefore, the relationship (10) ______ how long you sleep and your health is not absolute. It seems to be significantly influenced by your cultural background and personal beliefs about sleep. Passage 4 Not in Fear of Technology, but in Pursuit of Benefits Back in the 20th century, bored students might draw in their textbooks or stare out of the window. Technology has completely changed the situation. Nowadays many teenagers bring smartphones to classrooms, partly ____1____ the apps on phones are appealing. Governments from China to Finland, as well as dozens of American states, have introduced different bans on these handsets due to worries about their effect on classroom performance. This may seem a fear of technology but it is not. Banning phones from lessons doesn’t mean ____2____ (rob) children of experience with modern technology. They get plenty of that outside school; gaps can be filled up. Tech-enthusiasts like to point to a long history of ____3____ (misplace) doubt about technology and its impact on education. Their favorite example is Plato, who complained that writing, ____4____ functions cover storing facts and arguments on paper, would weaken pupils’ ability to remember them. Plato was wrong, but his mistake two thousand years ago does not mean that today’s worries are misguided. These tech-enthusiasts do not always know ____5____ is in the best interests of the students. Actually, banning smartphones from classrooms improves their academic performance. A recent study, following 17,000 higher-education students in India for three years, concluded that requiring phones ____6____ (leave) outside classrooms led to a measurable improvement in grades. And the benefits of restricting smartphone use may go ____7____ better exam results. Another finding in the Indian study was that, after a while, the bans became popular with students. That fits with tales from young people, suggesting that the problem ____8____ lie in collective action. If most students are socializing on phones, anyone who tries to focus on lessons instead loses some networking opportunities. But if schools completely ban smartphone use, ____9____, will spend time socializing this way. Students will then spend more time interacting with friends in the real world. So, any school that has not restricted smartphones ____10____ (advise) to ban them during classes. In the long run, students may express gratitude for the ban. Passage 5 SPARTAN RACES Long ago, Sparta, an ancient city in Greece, became known for its brave and powerful soldiers. Spartan boys, taken away from home ____1____ (train) around the age of 7, were taught discipline, physical fitness, battle skills and to obey orders. The training program, ____2____ (call) “agoge,” lasted until the young men were around 30 and was meant to produce warriors who were unbreakable, both mentally and physically. Realistically speaking, Spartan training was incredibly tough and cruel. But some Spartan principles, such as discipline, emotional control, honor and courage, are still important today. They ____3____ (include) into the exercise field in Spartan Races. These fitness competitions are a very exhausting type of obstacle-course race (OCR) and are popular these days. In fact, Spartan Races have been called the world’s premier obstacle-course race. Some people are making a move away from marathons, opting instead for Spartan Races, which they consider more exciting and challenging. Indeed, Spartan Races are designed to push competitors to their mental and physical limits. In addition to running a distance race, each person ____4____complete a minimum of 20 obstacles. There are many different Spartan Races that are suitable for everyone from first-time racers to ____5____ (experienced) athletes. Beginners often start with the Spartan Sprint: a roughly 5-kilometer run with around 20 obstacles. Another popular level is the Spartan Beast, which ____6____ (feature) a run of about 20 kilometers with around 35 obstacles. These obstacles include wall climbing, rope climbing, spear throwing, bucket carrying, log carrying, chain carrying, walking across a balance beam and so much more. Perhaps the most challenging race is the Spartan Agoge, a 60-hour extreme endurance event with 60 demanding obstacles. Racers travel to severe environments in remote locations like Mongolia and Iceland to race 50 kilometers across rough territory. It’s advertised as the most physically and mentally challenging adventure ____7____will forever change your view of yourself. Regardless of which race you choose, ____8____you cross the finish line, you’re officially a Spartan, joining the ranks of nearly 10 million other people. Many participants consider ____9____highly beneficial to participate in an OCR. After _____10_____ (complete) one, many say they leave, in true Spartan fashion, with the ability and determination to face and overcome life’s obstacles. 话题4 自然生态 Passage 1 Scientists were deeply concerned about what was happening. Avian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM) was first discovered in the winter of 1994 1 29 bald eagle carcasses were found near DeGray Lake, a man-made reservoir in Arkansas. Two years later, at least 70 eagles had died across several Arkansas reservoirs. By 1998, conditions continued to deteriorate as dead birds of different species including American coots, mallards and ring-necked ducks were confirmed at ten sites across six states. All of the documented cases of this 2 (emerge) disease occurred on or near manmade water reservoirs with abundant aquatic vegetation. But what particularly puzzled scientists was 3 these birds behaved before they died. The birds were observed suddenly flying straight 4 stationary objects (rock walls and trees), swimming in circles, and with their wings drooped. For many years, scientists from state and federal agencies tried to figure out what was killing the birds and the testing of sediment and dead birds at affected water reservoirs for xenobiotic compounds that cause AVM 5 (reveal) nothing. Necropsies of the birds’ brains showed widespread vacuolation of white matter of the central nervous system and spinal cord which explained their uncoordinated behaviour. Early studies suggested that an unknown, seasonal and environmental neurotoxin 6 be responsible. Recently, a paper published in the journal Science has pinpointed the exact neurotoxin responsible for the death of those bald eagles in Arkansas. The research describes the series of events that leads to AVM. It’s a fatal three-part process that requires invasive plants, abundant bacteria, and chemicals in the environment. It begins with the invasive plant named Hydrilla verticillata, also called waterthyme, first introduced to the United States in the 1950’s 7 an aquarium plant. The plant is home to cyanobacteria called Aetokthonos hydrillicola which colonize up to 95% of the plant leaves. The cyanobacteria aren’t 8 deadly to waterbirds but when they 9 (expose) to the chemical bromide in the environment, they produce a dangerous neurotoxin called aetokthonotoxin which causes AVM in birds. Previous field and laboratory studies have also demonstrated that AVM in herbivorous waterbirds due to the ingestion of H. verticillata can be transferred up the food chain to birds of prey which consume the 10 (affect) waterfowl. AVM thus presents a threat to multiple avian species. Furthermore, feeding trials have also confirmed neuropathy and mortality in a wide range of taxa including amphibians, reptiles, and fish. This work highlights the role of cyanobacteria as potentially dangerous toxin producers and further research into how the toxin effects human health via the consumption of fish and waterbirds from these contaminated reservoirs is urgently required. Passage 2 Elephants may be known for their size and ____1____ (strong) , but tourists who ride on their backs can still do great harm. ____2____ picture provided by the Wildlife Friends Foundation in Thailand (WFFT) describes Pai Lin, a 71-year-old female whose spine (脊柱) ____3____ (become) out of shape after 25years of working in the tourism, ____4____ she was forced to carry up to six tourists at a time. The group said, “This pressure on elephants’ bodies can worsen the tissue (组织) and bones on their back, ____5____ (cause) serious physical damage to their spines.” Elephant ____6___ (ride) are a popular tourist activity in countries across Southeast Asia, but activists say the practice is a form of animal ill-treatment as their bodies are not designed to be ridden. They also say many are ____7____ (actual) worked to death. “Pai Lin was given up by her owner who felt that she was too slow and always painful ____8____ (work) well anymore,” Edwin Wiek, founder of the WFFT, told CNN. Tom Taylor, the group’s project director, added that elephants’ backs were not designed to carry heavy weight. Their spines go upwards. Continuous pressure on their backbones from tourists can result ____9____ forever physical damage—which can _____10_____ (see) in Pai Lin. The group was sharing Pai Lin’s story to remind people never to ride elephants. Passage 3 Natural Therapy (疗法) Many books and articles have been published about how to boost happiness. One proved way is by spending more time in nature. In a study ____1____ (publish) in Science Advances, there is evidence ____2____ contacting with nature is associated with many benefits including increases in happiness, a sense of well-being, positive social ____3____ (interaction), and a feeling of meaningfulness in life. Nature therapy, also called ecotherapy(生态疗法), is the practice of being in nature to boost growth and healing, especially menial health. You can do nature therapy anywhere, ____4____ you live in rural, suburban, or urban areas. As an example, in the foothills of the Snowdonia National Park in the UK outdoor art-related activities ____5____(hold) to help those who suffer from depression, anxiety and stress over the past few years. Art psychotherapist Pamela Stanley told the BBC that there was a “growing body of evidence” to support ecotherapy. It’s true that for most of us ____6____ (expose) to the natural world definitely lifts our spirits. But ecotherapy can also include activities or therapies ____7____ you are formally guided by therapists and trained leaders. It’s ____8____ Dr Rachel Bragg from the University of Essex calls “psychological restoration”. “Ecotherapy is one tool that you have to use ____9____ (strengthen) and deepen the the work that you’re doing with your clients or your patients.” Of course, eco-therapy won’t cure everything, ____10____ it is still on option for therapists to use. And as we become more aware of the causes and effects of mental health, it’s good to know that help may lie outside our towns and cities, and that nature can give us a helping hand. Passage 4 Molecules (分子) of water have been detected in lunar soil for the first time in samples _____1_____(pick) up by China’s Chang’e 5 spacecraft. These minerals could provide _____2_____ source of water for a moon base. The moon was long thought to be bone dry, but in the past 20 years, we _____3_____ (see) signs of water buried below the surface. In 2008, researchers _____4____(claim) to have found water in volcanic glass beads (珠) in samples of lunar rock. However, that study and others since actually detected hydroxyl groups ---- oxygen and hydrogen bound together ---- rather than molecules of H20. _____5_____ (get) water out of these rocks, they would need to be heated to around 1000 ℃. Satellites _____6_____ (orbit) the moon have also detected signs of light _____7_____ imply the presence of water ice, but this hasn’t been directly measured in a sample. Now, Xiaolong Chen at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and his coworkers have analysed around 1,000 micrometre-sized _____8_____ (grain) of lunar soil brought back by Chang’e 5. They found a mineral consisting _____9_____ about 40 per cent H2O. The amount of the mineral in the lunar soil was tiny, but it would be _____10_____ (easy) to extract water from it than from other sources, because it only requires heating to about 100℃. Passage 5 Mount Tai, a towering peak in Shandong province, China, is renowned for its steep landscape with over 7,000 steps. Climbing this mountain is challenging, especially for ____1____ elderly and people with mobility issues. However, AI-powered exoskeletons (外骨骼机器人) are making the journey simpler. These robotic legs, ____2____ (weigh) only 1.8 kilograms, are designed to wrap around users’ waists and thighs, offering assistance ____3____ (ease) the burden on legs at the same time. Developed by Taishan Cultural Tourism Group and Kenqing Technology, the exoskeletons debuted during the Spring Festival, attracting over 200 users. Users ____4____ (report) feeling like someone was pulling them uphill, making the climb much easier. However, some users mentioned ____5____ (convenience) in using the device for activities like tying shoelaces or using the bathroom. Despite these issues, the exoskeletons are seen ____6____ a “true blessing” for senior citizens and the mobility-impaired. This innovation not only aids mountain climbing ____7____ also highlights potential applications in elderly care, a growing market in China, ____8____ the population of seniors is rapidly increasing. The smart elderly care market was estimated at 6.8 trillion yuan in 2024. Kenqing Technology, the co-developer, is eyeing this vast market now and has launched an exoskeleton ____9____ (specific) designed for elderly users. To fully unlock the potential of elderly care robots, industry insiders told Xinhua News Agency that stronger policy support is needed to scale up their production while keeping prices ____10____ (afford) for all. 话题5 科学技术 Passage 1 By the mid-21st century, the term “nose job” had been completely redefined. No longer referring to simple cosmetic surgery, it now described a radical procedure to augment the human sense of smell, ____1____(grant) individuals olfactory (嗅觉) powers equivalent to a bloodhound’s. This was achieved by boosting the number of olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity (鼻腔) from the human standard of 6 million to over 100 million. The procedure itself was intensely complex. It involved temporarily removing the nose, scraping its internal tissue, and refilling it with a transplant of the patient’s own programmed stem cells. These cells ____2____ (design) to differentiate into vast numbers of new olfactory cells. When the nose was reattached, neural stem cells grew, forging (建立) new connections to the brain’s olfactory bulb. ____3____ (accommodate) this new hardware, most patients accepted a slightly larger, more bulbous nose, ____4____a minority even opted for a “wet” nose modification to enhance scent trapping, much like a dog’s. The post-operative period was a critical and challenging transition. New “supersniffers” were initially isolated in scent-free clean rooms, as their new ability was overwhelmingly powerful. They ____5____ detect human stress levels, menstrual cycles, remnants of past meals, and even the health of plants. Patients were gradually exposed to richer olfactory stimuli, and their brains, aided by drugs that increased neural plasticity, ____6____(learn) to rewire themselves to interpret this flood of new sensory data. The reasons for ____7____ (undergo) the augmentation were as varied as the scents it revealed. Many sought it for professional advancement. Chefs created more exquisite dishes, detectives could assess the precise timeline of a crime scene, and diplomats could detect lies and hidden emotions in negotiations with uncanny accuracy. Ecologists could literally sniff out the health of an ecosystem, sensing soil conditions and plant vitality, ____8____ revolutionized restoration efforts. In healthcare, the benefits were profound. Caregivers and doctors could understand a patient’s physical and mental state ____9____ unprecedented clarity, and augmented individuals played a crucial role in early disease detection, identifying conditions like cancer or Parkinson’s through subtle scent markers. While some used their new ability for trivial or canine-like greetings, most applied it thoughtfully. In an age increasingly dominated by artificial intelligence, this augmentation was seen as a profoundly human enhancement. It opened a door to a richer, _____10_____ (deeply) felt experience of the world — a sensory realm of emotion and connection that remained inaccessible to machines, making those who underwent it feel more truly alive. Passage 2 Beijing Hosts the World’s First-ever Humanoid (像人的) Robot Half Marathon Running is for everyone — and everything, as it now happens. That’s ___1___ China has just staged a half marathon where humans weren’t the only participants. In addition to about 12,000 living, breathing runners, this race also welcomed 21 humanoid robots to its start line. This half marathon, which took place in Beijing on Saturday, ___2___ (believe) to be the first running event of its kind and a landmark moment for the Chinese robotics industry. ___3___ the humans and robots ran along separate tracks, likely for safety reasons which you’ll appreciate better in a moment, it was the first time that these two types of participants ___4___ (take) part in the same race.And it proved that bipedal (两腿行走的) robots can run a significant distance in real-world conditions. However, the robots’ performances on race day were chaotic. One robot fell at the starting line and stayed down for several minutes. ___5___ ran into a fence after just a few meters. Only six of the 21 competing robots, all of ___6___ had to be bipedal rather than on wheels, successfully completed the course. The best of the bunch was a humanoid called Tiangong Ultra, ___7___ (develop) by the Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center, which won the robot race in 2 hours and 40 minutes. Even better, Tiangong Ultra crossed the finish line ___8___ the human cut-off time of three hours and 10 minutes. It made it the only robot ___9___ (qualify) for a human participation award. It was the tallest robot in the field, too, ___10___ (tower) over many human adults at nearly six feet (about 1.8 meters). By contrast, the shortest robot participant — which wore a blue and white tracksuit and waved at people every few seconds — was just 2.5 feet (about 0.76 meters) tall. Passage 3 Down in the Waste-yard What happens to that single-use plastic bottle after you place it in a recycling bin? Most people assume it really____1____ (recycle), probably at a facility not far away. Much more likely is____2____ the bin is only the departure point on a long journey to the other side of the world, ____3____ that bottle will be washed, dried, sorted by material, and turned into packaging material. Consider that a victory. If it is packaging itself that has been thrown, it will probably end up as a dirty form of fuel, ____4____ (power) the production of concrete or even tofu. Or it____5____go all the way just to sit in Asia or Africa, spoiling the landscape, blocking rivers, entering the ocean, being swallowed by marine life and perhaps finding its way back into your home and even into your body. It is recycling, but not ____6____ people traditionally think of it. The broad facts of the fiction of recycling are no secret. But Alexander Clapp, a journalist, does something eye-catching in his book. He follows rubbish, travelling to some of the world’s most unpleasant places to record the effects of consumption: villages in Indonesia ____7____ (bury) under mountains of Western plastic, a ship-breaking yard in Turkey where men tear apart the harmful shells of American passenger ships, a slum (贫民窟) in Ghana where migrants obtain valuable metals____8____ the rich world’s abandoned computers and mobile phones. Waste Wars also contains jaw-dropping but forgotten stories, such as____9____of the Khian Sea, a ship carrying a season’s worth of ash from garbage incinerators (焚化炉) in Philadelphia, which set sail for the Bahamas in 1986. The ship and its poisonous goods ____10____ (deny) entry, forcing the crew to look for alternative rubbish dumps. After 27 months of being turned away from every possible port, it arrived in Asia with an empty hold. The captain admitted years later to dumping the ash in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Passage 4 Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times — how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet? I’m not an expert, 1 many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two. First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: If you see or read something that 2 (make) you feel uncomfortable, leave the site 3 (immediate). Don’t post comments or click on anything. Second, protect your privacy. Don’t give out your address or phone number. Someone might use the information 4 (steal) your identity. Identity theft is a common and serious problem. Third, be polite. Being online is no excuse 5 being rude, and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully. A troll is a person 6 posts comments or questions in order to stir up trouble online. Trolls often use several false 7 (name) so that they can stay on a site. A cyberbully uses the Internet to be mean to others. Like a troll, a cyberbully will also write something mean but it is usually directed at particular people. He or she may also post 8 (embarrass) photos and information about those people. However, the 9 (polite) you are, the less likely it is you 10 (attack). Passage 5 China has set an example to other countries on how to balance economic development with ecology (生态) in an exhibition (展览). And the International Exhibition 1 (hold) in Chengdu from April to October in 2024. The exhibition covered 2 large area. It opened in April and ran until Oct. 28, showing 113 exhibitions and gardens from across the globe. There were seven major exhibition areas 3 showed the best in gardening from countries such as France, Italy, the United Kingdom and cities around China. Tim Briercliffe, AIPH secretary general, said that he liked the 4 (tradition) culture shown in gardens from different cities in China such as Yangzhou, but he’s more interested in how green ideas can connect with people’s daily lives, 5 (especial) in big cities. A small rooftop with plants and flowers left a strong 6 (impress). When people from other cities visited it, they saw green ideas used on a city level. Green walls request technology. 7 (get) water to plants and looking after them on a high wall are not easy. Now it is recognized that China has a right way to design the future. And China is designing her future 8 a proper way because she is becoming a greener country for people to live. The strategies of ecological development in China’s cities aren’t used in other countries. Some 9 (expert) hoped this exhibition was an opportunity for other cities around the world 10 (see) that they can do the same. 话题6 人际关系 Passage 1 Most underrated pleasures of one’s life One of the biggest drivers of good relationships in our lives is a developed level of understanding in those relationships. The relationships 1 this understanding end up creating too much maintenance work. So it becomes more like luggage or at least something that needs attention or care rather than fun. I realized it with a couple of friends of mine. Recently my “friend ecosystem” had a sudden change. A couple of them 2 (leave) although I still have a couple around. I am also adding a couple of new ones. The whole change made me thoughtful. I started to think about the cause of being better friends with some. It turns out that among the large number of other factors, one of the key ones is 3 (understand). It can then be extended to personal and even business relationships. While 4 (hire) a key employee, one can be sure that it will work well if the other person enjoys and understands you well. It will be far 5 (productive) as the relationship related maintenance is low and you can focus on actual output. It 6 help you even when you are looking for funding partners, seed capital or business joint ventures (企业). Finally, how do you ensure you are understood? To start with, make sure that the people who 7 (matter) to you in any capacity like business, managerial, personal or family have an open relationship with you. Creating an open environment 8 others can discuss constructive aspects or difficult discussion is important. Being caring and respectful to 9 and being truthful are two different things. Truthfulness is as important as being respectful and caring. In the long term, truthfulness will result in a caring relationship. 10 you are understood well and have an open relationship, you can’t be truthful. When you get to that level with the person where you are completely understood, it will be an awesome feeling! Passage 2 A Journey Back to Each Other Inspired by my daughter’s tales of backpacking adventures and my desire to hang out with my youngest son outside the house, I booked two tickets to Shanghai for the September school holidays, surprising us both. We, ____1____ (arm) with a budget, some travel insurance, and a rough plan built around some last-minute internet searches, headed to the airport. We arrived in Shanghai sleepy and excited at 5: 30 a.m. Despite the early start, the air was already hot and soupy, ____2____ my son used as an excuse to head straight for a convenience store and buy one of the many drinks he’d remembered from all those years before. There is something very freeing about arriving in a place where you have no plans. And we ____3____ (not do). I discovered that he could find his way ____4____ remembering landmarks. Within a day he’d become the navigator, and I was the lost one, following behind. As tourists, we ____5____ (expose) to everything together, giving us back a connection we don’t always have in our daily lives. He is naturally curious, which____6____ (make) for a good traveller, and instead of hesitating over the things he suggested, I just went with it. He was the one who said we should hire bikes. He was the one who showed me how to speed up and led me through the streets downtown, laughing ____7____ I screamed in delight. He dragged me shopping for jeans in stores and made me catch buses ____8____ (take) us in the wrong direction entirely. He was just as likely as I was____9____ (know) what train to catch, or find the right street to turn down, or stand in awe at the foot of a giant temple, or queue for hours for a steaming bowl of Xiaolongbao. I saw him differently in Shanghai. Travelling meant we were more like equals — partners in adventure. And instead of missing the child version of ____10____ , I saw the adult he was becoming. Passage 3 Empires in Conversation Despite the thousands of miles separating them and the big differences in their peoples,two rulers in 17th-century Europe and China were nevertheless the driving force behind a grand cultural exchange. The two men were the Kangxi Emperor of China’s Qing Dynasty and King Louis XIV of France. A symbolic image from the period captured the exchange: European ambassadors (使臣) ____1____ (dress) in the robes of Qing officials, stood beside an armillary sphere in the court of the Kangxi Emperor. The astronomy, mathematics, physics, and chemistry they brought ____2____ (fascinate) the young emperor, who was particularly interested in the heavenly bodies. Through their instruction, Kangxi gained a rich knowledge. On one visit to southern China, he used a spirit level (水平仪) to measure the water, and found a mistake in ____3____ his ministers were controlling the water in the Hongze lake. It is natural for many of us ____4____ (marvel) at the Chinese emperor’s good knowledge of Western technologies. But Kangxi’s interests extended ____5____ the hard sciences: He tried to organize information about these foreign lands and spread ____6____among the public. He asked his third prince, Yinzhi, to establish a museum of mathematics ____7____ talented scholars would engage in research and observation of mathematical laws and the universe. In court speeches, Kangxi would hold forth on the natural sciences from Europe, ____8____ (lecture) young princes about astronomy, calendar systems and arithmetic. Outstanding students ____9____ (send) to the institution of astronomy or other key departments. _____10_____ the visitors from the West came to the East mainly to spread their culture, upon arriving in that ancient kingdom, they discovered its people already possessed their own well-established understanding of the world. There was the Golden Mean of Confucius, and the unknowable Tao of Lao Tzu. And these left a deep impression on the traveling Europeans. Passage 4 The family who eats together What’s the price of a family meal? For many families in the world’s wealthiest countries, the answer seems to be, ‘too much’. For instance, in the United States, 1 is often a trendsetter in such things, the majority of families report eating a single meal together fewer than five days a week. In fact, the frequency of shared meals 2 (decrease) in American families by 33 per cent over the last twenty years. The meals 3 have shortened too: from an average of 90 minutes to just 12 minutes. So perhaps we’re better off asking ourselves 4 the cost of not eating together is. Once again, we could turn to the figures. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has found that 15-year-olds who reported not regularly 5 (share) family meals were twice as likely to be absent from school. In Europe, research has suggested that children who don’t eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week face a 40 per cent higher risk of fatness. Another study, 6 (conduct) by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (滥用) at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are 7 (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol. But those numbers, impressive 8 they seem, may be beside the point. After all, having a meal together is more than just a preventive measure 139 future misfortune. The primary cost of the family meal is also the very thing that makes it important: time. The time spent together over food leads to all the positive outcomes that are measured in the studies. That time spent together has less noticeable—but no less real—effects too. So often, 9 is at the family meal that the family as such—the family as an organic unit with shared memories and feelings and ambitions—is made. Passage 5 As we walk along “the path of life”, we are meant to come across some true friends, who encourage us and help us get through the hard time. To me Tim is the one who brings out the 1 (good) in me. He will always bring back the friendship between us. It was my first day at high school. I 2 (walk) alone on the playground when a basketball rolled to my feet. A boy with a smile on his face came running to me, picked up the ball 3 asked if I could play basketball with him. I hesitated for a moment, then I said no and told him why. To my surprise he didn’t walk away. Instead, he encouraged me 4 (have) a try and I did. Over the next few weeks, we made it to the playground every day and 5 (stick) to practising together. He also helped me do my math 6 I struggled with and even taught me how to live 7 (independent) in a new school. Over time, the school life seemed no longer challenging and 8 (we) friendship grew rapidly as well. I’ll never forget Tim. He really made a big 9 (different ) to my life. I would not be the person that I am today 10 him. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前押题04 语篇语法填空题 话题1 社会生活 话题4 科学技术 话题2 人际关系 话题5 历史文化 话题3 环境保护 话题6 自然生态 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 社会生活 Passage 1 The future is grey An aging world will oblige us to change how we live Much is made of intergenerational conflicts, with baby boomers competing against millennials or Gen Zers. But however these competing needs are resolved today, younger people will become a 1 (prized) resource in the future, because there will be fewer of them. Populations are slowly growing older than ever before due to two seemingly unstoppable demographic (人口的) forces. One is 2 , as countries become more prosperous, there is a decline in the number of children that people have. When that figure drops below the population replacement level of 2.1 children per woman—— 3 it is offset (抵消) by immigration—the head count shrinks as well as becoming more senior-heavy. If this trend continues, 97 percent of countries are forecast 4 (have) birthrates below the replacement level by the year 2100. The other key factor is that people are living longer in nearly every country in the world, a trend 5 has continued for decades. This 6 (drive) by multiple factors over the past century, including improvements in sanitation (公共卫生), the spread of vaccines and antibiotics, and, later on, by better treatments for heart disease and the decline of smoking. The next reshaping of life expectancy curves could come from the widespread use of weight- 7 (reduce) drugs such as Ozempic, or indeed medicines already in wide use today. These ageing populations present many challenges, forcing countries to rethink their systems of pensions, healthcare and so on. The risk is that there will be too few people of working age to help provide care for 8 who are older. But we 9 not necessarily be too pessimistic. Just like in medicine, advances in artificial intelligence and robotics are continuing rapidly. Could the potential demographic crisis be prevented by a workforce of intelligent machines? If so, 10 having to be worried about robots taking our jobs, we might one day welcome them with open arms. 【答案】1．more prized 2．that 3．unless 4．to have 5．that/which 6．has been driven 7．reducing 8．those 9．should 10．instead of 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讨论了全球人口老龄化的现象及其对社会的影响，并提出了应对老龄化挑战的可能途径。 1．考查形容词比较级。句意：但是，无论这些相互竞争的需求如何在今天得到解决，年轻人将在未来成为更加珍贵的资源，因为他们的数量将越来越少。根据下文“because there will be fewer of them(因为他们的数量将越来越少)”可知，此处将年轻人的现在和未来进行比较，应填形容词的比较级，表示“更加珍贵的”，故填more prized。 2．考查表语从句。句意：一是，随着国家变得更加繁荣，人们拥有的孩子数量正在下降。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，也没有特殊含义，故用that引导，故填that。 3．考查连词。句意：当这一数字降至每位女性2.1个孩子的替代水平以下时，除非被移民抵消，否则人口数量将减少，同时也将变得更加老龄化。根据下文“it is offset (抵消) by immigration(被移民抵消)”可知，此处引出了一种例外的情况，应填连词表示“除非”，故填unless。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果这一趋势继续下去，预计到2100年，97%的国家的出生率将低于替代水平。be forecast to do sth为固定短语，意为“被预测做某事”，故填to have。 5．考查定语从句。句意：另一个关键因素是，世界各地几乎所有国家的人们都在活得更长，这一趋势已经持续了几十年。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为a trend，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，故填that/which。 6．考查时态语态。句意：在过去一个世纪里，这一趋势是由多个因素驱动的，包括公共卫生的改善、疫苗和抗生素的普及，以及后来对心脏病的更好治疗和吸烟率的下降。根据句意及时间状语over the past century可知，此处应填现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，且主语this与drive之间为被动关系，故填has been driven。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：体重减轻药物如奥司他韦(Ozempic)的广泛使用可能会重塑预期寿命曲线，或者事实上，今天已经广泛使用的药物也可能会带来变化。根据句意及空后的drugs可知，此处应填非谓语动词作定语，因与其逻辑主语drugs之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填reducing。 8．考查代词。句意：风险在于，工作年龄的人口太少，无法帮助照顾那些年纪较大的人。根据下文“who are older(年纪较大的人)”及空前的介词for可知，此处应填代词，指代上文提到的older people，故填those。 9．考查情态动词。句意：但我们不一定非要过于悲观。根据下文“not necessarily be too pessimistic(不一定非要过于悲观)”可知，此处给出了一个建议，应填情态动词，表示“不一定非要”，故填should。 10．考查介词短语。句意：如果这样，我们就不必担心机器人抢走我们的工作，而是张开双臂欢迎它们的到来。根据下文we might one day welcome them with open arms(而是张开双臂欢迎它们的到来)可知，此处表示两种选择或行为之间的替换关系，应填介词短语，表示“而不是”，故填instead of。 Passage 2 In some countries of West Yunnan Province, there exists a kind of “cat” _______1_______ (call) Tile Cat (瓦猫), which refers _____2_____ the cat-like decoration made from tiles placed in the middle of the home’s ridge (脊). It is said that it can drive away bad luck _____3_____ can protect the whole family. Once a new house is finished, a ceremony is required _____4_____ (inspire) the “power” of the Tile Cat before it is put on the home’s ridge. _____5_____ (general) falling during the second or eighth month of the Chinese Lunar calendar, a lucky day is chosen and a person is invited to perform the ceremony. During this time, _____6_____ person organizes a series of sacrificial (用于祭献的) activities. Later on, the Tile Cat is passed around and touched by the whole family, _____7_____ stand and see the whole process while the roof is being covered with tiles, until the Tile Cat _____8_____ (place) firmly and forever in the middle of the home’s ridge. From here on out, no matter how the weather is, the Tile Cat will guard the house on the high ridge, _____9_____ (make) the family feel thankful. As a spiritual support for the people there, the Tile Cat shows the constant wish for ______10______ (survive), safety and a happy life. 【答案】1.called 2. to 3. and 4. to inspire 5. Generally 6. the 7. who 8. is placed 9. making 10. survival 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“瓦猫”这一习俗。在滇西的一些村庄，人们会在屋脊中间安放瓷砖做成的像猫一样的装饰品，去除厄运，保护全家。文章解释了其来历，安装过程以及象征意义。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在滇西的一些村庄，有一种“猫”，叫做“瓦猫”，指的是放在屋脊中间的瓷砖做成的像猫一样的装饰品。call和cat之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填called。 【2题详解】 考查介词。句意：同上。refer to是固定短语，意为“指的是”。故填to。 【3题详解】 考查连词。句意：据说它可以驱除厄运，保护全家。“can drive bad luck(能驱走厄运)”与“can protect the whole family(能保护全家)”为并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦新房子建成，在把瓦猫放在房子的屋脊上之前，需要举行一个仪式来激发瓦猫的“力量”。此处表示目的，使用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to inspire。 【5题详解】 考查副词。句意：通常在中国农历的第二个月或第八个月，选择一个幸运的日子，并邀请一个人进行仪式。空处修饰动词短语“falling during the second...”应填副词作状语。general的副词形式为“generally(大概，通常)”，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Generally。 【6题详解】 考查冠词。句意：在这段时间里，这个人组织一系列的祭祀活动。此处特指上文出现的“a person”，应用定冠词。故填the。 【7题详解】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：后来，瓦猫被全家人传递和触摸，他们站在那里观看屋顶被铺上瓦片的整个过程，直到瓦猫被牢牢地放在房子的屋脊中央。空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明名词“the whole family”，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词指人，用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 【8题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：同上。结合“ organizes”以及“is”可知，此处使用一般现在时；且动词“place”与主语“The Cat”之间为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，be动词使用is。故填is placed。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：从那以后，不管天气如何，瓦猫都会在高高的屋脊上守护房子，让这家人感到感激欣慰。make的逻辑主语是前面的句子，两者之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作状语。故填making。 【10题详解】 考查名词。句意：作为当地人民的精神支柱，瓦猫表达了人们对生存、安全和幸福生活的永恒愿望。“for”为介词，空处应填名词作宾语。故填survival。 Passage 3 Located in Wuhan City as a landmark (地标), the Yellow Crane Tower has ___1___very long history. Due to the perfect position, it was first built by Sun Quan as a watchtower for his army in 223. After what seemed ___2___ (hundred) of years, its military function was ___3___ (gradual) forgotten and the tower was enjoyed mainly as a picturesque (优美的) location. During the Tang Dynasty, many popular poems were written in praise of the Yellow Crane Tower. ___4___ was the Yellow Crane Tower poem that made the tower so famous and attractive. During the following centuries, it ___5___ (destroy) and rebuilt several times. The Yellow Crane Tower had different architectural features in different dynasties. However, the tower ___6___ stands today was rebuilt in a new place in 1981 ___7___completed in 1985. It is based on the old tower ___8___ (design) during the Qing Dynasty, standing 51.4 meters high. The ___9___ (appear) of the Yellow Crane Tower remains the same despite the direction it is viewed from. On top of the tower, visitors are treated to a fantastic view of the Yangtze River, its bridge and the ____10____ (surround) buildings in Wuhan City. Enjoying the fame (名声) of “The First Scenery under Heaven”, the Yellow Crane Tower is one of the most famous towers south of the Yangtze River. 【答案】1.a 2. hundreds 3. gradually 4. It 5. was destroyed 6. that##which 7. and 8. designed 9. appearance 10. surrounding 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了武汉著名的景点黄鹤楼。 【1题详解】 考查不定冠词。句意：黄鹤楼作为武汉市的标志性建筑，有着悠久的历史。在此处表示黄鹤楼的“一段历史”，应用不定冠词，且very的以辅音音素开头。故填a。 【2题详解】 考查数词。句意：在经历了似乎数百年的时间后，它的军事功能逐渐被遗忘，它主要是作为一个风景如画的地点而被欣赏。根据句意可知，hundreds of为固定短语，意为“数百的，大量的”。故填hundreds。 【3题详解】 考查副词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处应该使用gradual的副词形式修饰动词forgotten，意为“逐渐地”。故填gradually。 【4题详解】 考查强调句。句意：正是《黄鹤楼》这首诗使黄鹤楼闻名遐迩。分析句子结构可知，本句是强调句结构（It is/was +被强调部分+that+其他），被强调部分是the Yellow Crane Tower poem。故填It。 【5题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：在接下来的几个世纪里，它几经被破坏和重建了好几次。根据During the following centuries可知，此处应用一般过去时，且主语it与谓语动词destroy为动宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was destroyed。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：然而，今天矗立的这座楼是1981年在新址重建的，并于1985年竣工。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词tower，为物，且在从句中作主语。故填that或which。 【7题详解】 考查连词。句意：然而，今天矗立的这座楼是1981年在新址重建的，并于1985年竣工。根据句意和句子结构可知，此句中的“was rebuilt”和“completed”是并列关系，需用并列连词。故填and。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这座楼正是基于清朝时期设计的那座楼，楼高51.4米。分析句子结构可知，句中is based为谓语动词，此处应用非谓语动词形式作后置定语，且tower和design之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填designed。 【9题详解】 考查名词。句意：无论从哪个方向看，黄鹤楼的外观都是一样的。空格前为定冠词the，空格后为介词of，可推断空格应填名词作主语。故填appearance。 【10题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在楼顶，游客可以欣赏到武汉长江、长江大桥和周边建筑的美景。根据句意，应用形容词来修饰名词buildings作定语。故填surrounding。 Passage 4 The origin of Children’s Day dates back to 1925 when representatives from different countries met in Geneva, Switzerland to arrange the first “World Conference for the Wellbeing of Children”. After ____1____ conference, some governments around the world designated a day as Children’s Day ____2____ (highlight) children’s issues. There was no specific date ____3____ (recommend), so countries used whatever date was most relevant to ___4____ (they) culture. The date of June 1st is used by many ex-Soviet (前苏联) countries ____5____ “The International Day for Protection of Children”. With the creation of World Children’s Day, UN member states recognized children, regardless of race, colour, gender, religion and national or ____6____ (society) origin, the right to affection, love, understanding, adequate food, medical care, free education, protection against all forms of exploitation (剥削) and growing in a climate of universal peace and brotherhood. In 1959, the UN adopted the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, ____7____ was based on the structure and contents of the Geneva Declaration and reaffirmed that “mankind owes to the child the best it has to give”. Children’s Day ____8____ (celebrate) with plays and events, free admission for children fairs and festivals, concerts, shows, and social activities. Often on Children’s Day there are ____9____ (competition) for children’s drawings or events for face-painting for children. Thus children can spend some time in the shoes of their favourite characters for a while _____10_____ take pictures as keepsakes (纪念品). 【答案】1.the 2. to highlight 3. recommended 4. their 5. as 6. social 7. which 8. is celebrated 9. competitions 10. and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文详细介绍了儿童节的起源、联合国对儿童权利的认可以及儿童节的庆祝方式，目的是向读者提供关于儿童节的相关信息和背景知识。 【1题详解】 考查冠词。句意：会议结束后，世界各地的一些政府指定了一天作为儿童节，以强调儿童问题。此处特指上文“World Conference for the Wellbeing of Children”，用定冠词the。故填the。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。本句谓语为designated，此处为非谓语动词，结合句意，此处表示目的，应用highlight的不定式，作目的状语。故填to highlight。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：没有推荐特定的日期，因此各国使用与其文化最相关的日期。此处为非谓语动词作定语，date与recommend“推荐”为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填recommended。 【4题详解】 考查代词。句意同上。本空用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”，修饰culture，作定语。故填their。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：6月1日被许多前苏联国家用作“国际儿童保护日”。短语be used as表示“被用作……”。故填as。 【6题详解】 考查形容词。句意：随着世界儿童日的设立，联合国成员国认可了所有儿童——不论其种族、肤色、性别、宗教信仰、国籍或社会出身如何——都有获得关爱、爱、理解、充足的食物、医疗护理、免费教育、免受一切形式剥削的保护以及在普遍和平与友爱的环境中成长的权利。本空用形容词social“社会的”，修饰名词origin，作前置定语。故填social。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：1959年，联合国通过了《儿童权利宣言》，该宣言基于《日内瓦宣言》的结构和内容，并重申“人类应当向儿童提供其所能给予的最优质的东西”。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【8题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：儿童节会通过戏剧表演和各类活动来庆祝，儿童节期间的集市和节日活动对儿童免费入场，还会举办音乐会、表演以及社交活动。本句描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，且Children’s Day与动词celebrated“庆祝”为被动关系，句子用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is celebrated。 【9题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：在儿童节期间，通常会有儿童绘画比赛或者为孩子们举办面部彩绘活动。不止一项比赛，本空用名词competitions的复数作主语。故填competitions。 【10题详解】 考查连词。句意：这样一来，孩子们就能暂时扮演一下自己最喜欢的卡通人物的角色，并拍照留作纪念。“spend some time in the shoes of their favourite characters for a while”和“take pictures as keepsakes”为并列关系，本空用连词and连接。故填and。 Passage 5 　　　When Bill Priest walked into his kitchen on a recent Sunday,he got the shock of his life.An adult black bear was helping itself(1) some jam and crackers Priest had left out on the kitchen counter. 　　　"I froze,"Priest said."I was in total shock." 　　　Priest,who had just returned from working in his yard,(2) (grab)a chair to put between him and the animal.He eventually got the bear out through the front door by screaming, (3) eventually left but not before it ate an entire bag of marshmallows(棉花糖). 　　　(4) happened next was even more alarming for Priest.The bear came back the next day and tore a screen trying to get inside. 　　　The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP)has now set up a trap in Priest's backyard with the hope of catching the bear.The plan is(5) (shoot)it with a paintball gun and make loud noises-essentially to recondition it and retrain it,to teach the bear to be more afraid of humans by associating a bad experience with human activity. 　　　Priest isn't alone.More dangerous meetings with the wild animals(6) (report)across the state so far. 　　　"Bears learn from us,"said Jason Hawley,state wildlife biologist on the bear program with DEEP."The more bears are interacting with people,the more comfortable(7) become.” 　　　(8) a bear no longer fears humans,it is considered “habituated”,which makes that animal more dangerous. 　　　"Leaving trash outside and not(9) (lock)up or having any food source around your house is conditioning a bear to be habituated,"Hawley said.Even more reckless(鲁莽的),he said, is intentionally feeding a bear. 　　　"It is harming that bear,"Hawley said."When someone feeds a bear,they are changing their behavior to not fear humans,which means that animal ultimately will end up(10) (harm) someone else or have to be put down.” 【答案】1.to 2. grabbed 3. which 4. what 5. to shot 6. have been reported 7. they 8. once/when/if 9. locking 10. harming 【导语】本文讲述了 Bill Priest 家中闯入黑熊的惊险经历，以及相关部门的处理措施，同时揭示了野生动物与人类频繁接触的现象及背后原因，提醒人们避免喂食或遗留食物吸引野生动物。 【1 题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：一头成年黑熊正在随意吃 Priest 留在厨房柜台上的一些果酱和饼干。固定短语 “help oneself to” 表示 “随意取用；擅自吃 / 用”，为固定搭配，故填 to。 【2 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：刚从院子里干活回来的 Priest 抓起一把椅子放在自己和这只动物之间。文章叙述过去发生的事件，谓语动词需用一般过去时，grab 的过去式为 grabbed，故填 grabbed。 【3 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他最终通过尖叫把熊从前门赶了出去，这只熊最后离开了，但在此之前吃掉了一整袋棉花糖。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子（“通过尖叫赶熊出门” 这件事），关系词在从句中作主语，故用 which 引导，填 which。 【4 题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：接下来发生的事情对 Priest 来说更令人担忧。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代 “发生的事情”，故用连接代词 what 引导，填 what。 【5 题详解】 考查非谓语动词（不定式作表语）。句意：计划是用彩弹枪射击它并制造巨大噪音 —— 本质上是重新适应和训练它，通过将糟糕的经历与人类活动关联，让熊更害怕人类。此处不定式作表语，说明计划的具体内容，“be to do” 表示 “计划 / 打算做某事”，故填 to shoot（注：原答案 “to shot” 为笔误，shoot 的不定式为 to shoot）。 【6 题详解】 考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：到目前为止，全州已报告了更多与这些野生动物的危险接触事件。“so far”（到目前为止）是现在完成时的标志词，主语 “More dangerous meetings” 与 “report” 为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态 “have been + 过去分词”，填 have been reported。 【7 题详解】 考查代词。句意：熊与人类互动得越多，就越自在。此处指代前文的 “bears”，为复数形式，在句中作主语，故用代词 they，填 they。 【8 题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：一旦 / 当 / 如果熊不再害怕人类，它就被认为是 “习惯化的”，这会让这只动物变得更危险。根据语境，空处引导时间状语或条件状语从句，“once”（一旦）、“when”（当…… 时）、“if”（如果）均符合逻辑，故填 once/when/if。 【9 题详解】 考查非谓语动词（动名词）。句意：把垃圾留在外面、不上锁，或者房子周围有任何食物来源，都会让熊形成习惯化。and 连接并列结构，前文为 “leaving”（动名词作主语），此处也需用动名词形式，与 “leaving” 并列作主语，故填 locking。 【10 题详解】 考查非谓语动词（动名词）。句意：当有人喂熊时，他们正在改变熊的行为，让它们不再害怕人类，这意味着这只熊最终会伤害到别人，或者不得不被处死。固定搭配 “end up doing sth.” 表示 “以做某事告终”，故填 harming。 话题2 文学艺术 Passage 1 First published on October 15, 1952, “Charlotte’s Web” is a popular children’s book written by well-known American author E. B．White and 1 （illustrate）by Garth Williams that deals with themes of the nature of friendship, loss, fate, acceptance, and renewal. The story centers on a pig named Wilbur and the unlikely but deep friendship 2 shares with an uncommonly talented spider named Charlotte. While it’s normal in the course of events on a farm for pigs 3 （kill）when they reach a certain size and age, clever Charlotte works out a scheme to keep Wilbur from his fate by weaving words into her web to create what amounts to a one-pig publicity campaign. By promoting Wilbur to celebrity status, Charlotte ultimately saves him 4 his date with the butcher’s knife. The ending of the “Charlotte’s Web” is bittersweet, however, 5 while Wilbur survives, Charlotte does not. But even Charlotte’s passing is a lesson-for Wilbur and those reading his story-about the nature of death and renewal. Death and destiny are both themes that the book explores. While Charlotte is willing to help Wilbur avoid a destiny that’s being imposed on him by outside forces beyond his control, she also understands that some fates are inevitable: All living creatures are born, 6 （have）a life cycle, and die. Charlotte accepts her role in this natural circle without regret. Charlotte helps Wilbur realize that immortality is not about living forever, but rather, 7 （ensure）that new generations will follow. She also helps him understand that love and friendship are not fixed in quantity. While we may lose a friend, new friendships can come along, not as replacements for 8 we’ve lost, but as blessings to build on what we’ve learned. “Charlotte’s Web” got its inspiration from true experiences that author E. B．White had on his farm in Maine, 9 he penned the book and lived until his death in 1985．While the author claims that the book 10 never be considered a moral tale, certain messages related to moral principles, or rights and wrongs, are obviously established in “Charlotte’s Web”. 【答案】1．illustrated 2．he 3．to be killed 4．from 5．because 6．have 7．ensuring 8．what 9．where 10．can 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了《夏洛特的网》于1952年10月15日首次出版，是一本受欢迎的儿童读物，由美国著名作家E. B.怀特撰写，加思·威廉姆斯配图，主题涉及友谊、失去、命运、接受和重生的本质。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：《夏洛特的网》于1952年10月15日首次出版，是一本受欢迎的儿童读物，由美国著名作家E. B.怀特撰写，加思·威廉姆斯配图，主题涉及友谊、失去、命运、接受和重生的本质。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰book，book和illustrate为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填illustrated。 2．考查代词。句意：故事围绕着一只名叫威尔伯的猪，以及他与一只名叫夏洛特的非凡天才蜘蛛之间不太可能但却深厚的友谊展开。根据下文“keep Wilbur from his fate”提到his fate可知，此处应为代词he指代上文提到的Wilbur。故填he。 3．考查动词不定式的被动结构。句意：在农场里，当猪长到一定的尺寸和年龄时，被杀死是很正常的，聪明的夏洛特想出了一个计划，通过在她的网里织词来创造一个相当于一只猪的宣传活动，让威尔伯免受他的命运。此处为固定句型it is+adj +for sb to do sth“做某事对于……是怎样的”，所以此处为动词不定式形式，结合pigs和kill为被动关系，所以为动词不定式的被动结构。故填to be killed。 4．考查介词。句意：通过把威尔伯提升到名人的地位，夏洛特最终把他从屠刀的约会中救了出来。此处为固定短语save sb from…“从……解救出来”，所以此处为介词from的填入。故填from。 5．考查连词。句意：然而，《夏洛的网》的结局苦乐参半，因为威尔伯活了下来，夏洛却没有。根据句意可知，此处为because“因为”引导的原因状语从句，强调直接原因，满足句意要求，故填because。 6．考查动词。句意：所有的生物都出生，有生命周期，然后死亡。由and连接的are born和die可知，此处也应为动词原形，保持并列谓语成分。故填have。 7．考查动名词。句意：夏洛帮助威尔伯认识到，永生并不是永远活着，而是确保新一代的到来。由but rather连接的living为动名词可知，此处也应为动名词形式，作介词about的宾语成分。故填ensuring。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：虽然我们可能会失去一个朋友，但新的友谊可能会出现，不是取代我们失去的，而是在我们所学到的基础上的祝福。分析句子可知，此处为连接代词what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语成分，意为“失去的东西”。故填what。 9．考查定语从句。句意：《夏洛特的网》的灵感来自作者E. B.怀特在缅因州农场的真实经历，他在那里写了这本书，直到1985年去世。分析句子可知，此处为关系副词where引导的非限定性定语从句，先行词farm在从句中作地点状语成分。故填where。 10．考查情态动词。句意：虽然作者声称这本书永远不能被认为是一个道德故事，但与道德原则或对与错有关的某些信息显然在《夏洛特的网》中得到了确立。根据句意可知，此处为情态动词can，和空后的never be构成can never be“不可能做到”，满足句意要求。故填can。 Passage 2 Leonardo da Vinci or the Chinese? It has long been considered that Leonardo da Vinci was actually the first person to ever draft a landscape on August 5th, 1473. This unprecedented act of describing mountains and trees on their own was revolutionary and surely helped Leonardo’s already genius status, but is this really the truth? Long before one of the greatest minds of humanity was born, the Chinese artists have been painting landscapes, 1 (describe) rivers and rocks, mountains and trees, for centuries. Leonardo’s1473 drawing actually looks a lot like a painting Winter Evening Landscape by Li Gongnian, 2 (paint) in 1120, over350 years before da Vinci’s famous sketch. The western world tends to center 3 in terms of inventions, the practice that continues on even to the 215t century. Just 4 (look) back on your years in school and try to remember one thing you learned about the Far East, whether its history or art, and I be t that you will have to think long and hard 5 you remember anything. This, of course, is nothing new of scandal (丑闻), as all cultures tend to think 6 their own as the most important one, but when it comes to unfairly crediting a western artist for something the Chinese have been doing for centuries, the Western-centrism becomes a bit of a problem, 7 brings us to Chinese landscape painting. The artists from the Middle Kingdom have been painting with such sensitivity and poetry while Europe was in the midst of fighting the cruel crusades (十字军东征) and completely forgetting the flourishing creativity of the ancient Greece. China has been in its golden age that Europe would not see until the ages of Leonardo and Van Gogh, who 8 (inspire) interestingly, heavily by the Chinese art. It is still a mystery 9 da Vinci’s sketch looks almost exactly like the Gongnian piece, which draws the curious minds 10 (wonder) if Leonardo had somehow managed to see the painting for himself, maybe through the artifacts brought from the Silk Road. 【答案】1．describing 2．painted 3．itself 4．look 5．before 6．of 7．which 8．was inspired 9．that/why 10．to wonder 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨并质疑西方艺术史上关于莱昂纳多·达·芬奇（Leonardo da Vinci）作为第一位描绘风景画家的传统观点。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：早在这位人类最伟大的思想家诞生之前，几个世纪以来，中国艺术家就一直在画风景画，描绘河流、岩石、山脉和树木。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，the Chinese artists和describe为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填describing。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：达芬奇1473年的这幅画实际上看起来很像李功年1120年的《冬夜风景》，比达芬奇的著名素描早了350多年。空处需填非谓语动词作定语，Winter Evening Landscape和paint为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填painted。 3．考查代词。句意：西方世界倾向于以发明为中心，这种做法甚至一直持续到215世纪。主语The western world和宾语一致，需用反身代词itself，作宾语。故填itself。 4．考查祈使句。句意：只要回顾一下你在学校的岁月，试着回忆一下你在远东学到的一件事，无论是历史还是艺术，我敢打赌，在你记住任何东西之前，你都必须认真思考很长时间。此处为祈使句，空处和try并列，需用动词原形。故填look。 5．考查状语从句。句意同上。表示“在……之前”应用before，引导时间状语从句。故填before。 6．考查介词。句意：当然，这并不是什么新鲜事，因为所有的文化都倾向于认为自己的文化是最重要的，但当涉及到不公平地将中国人已经做了几个世纪的事情归功于西方艺术家时，西方中心主义就成了一个问题，这就把我们带到了中国山水画上。think of…as…为固定搭配，意为“认为……是……”。故填of。 7．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 8．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：中国一直处于黄金时代，欧洲直到列奥纳多和梵高时代才看到这一点，有趣的是，梵高深受中国艺术的启发。空处为定语从句的谓语，主语who，指代Van Gogh，和inspire为被动关系，需用被动语态，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，并且be动词使用was。故填was inspired。 9．考查主语从句。句意：达·芬奇的素描与贡年画几乎一模一样，这仍然是一个谜，这让好奇的人怀疑达·芬奇是否通过从丝绸之路带来的文物，以某种方式亲自看到了这幅画。空处引导主语从句，it为形式主语，从句不缺成分，引导词没有含义或者作从句的原因状语，可以用that引导主语从句或者why引导主语从句。故填that/why。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处作目的状语，需用动词不定式。故填to wonder。 Passage 3 With cheap storylines and stereotypical (老套的) characters, online literature _____1_____ (consider) low quality previously. But now, things seem to have changed. China's online literature has grown in popularity over the last two _____2_____ (decade). And now, this ___3___(grow) industry is getting the recognition (认可) it deserves. In early September, _____4_____ total of 100 online literary works were included in the digital collection of the National Library of China. The move was aimed at _____5_____ (preserve) memory as digital literature, according to CGTN. “These online works of literature can allow readers and authors _____6_____ (achieve) the resonance (共振) of the mood of the times,” noted Teller Report. Also, the online literature _____7_____ (inspire) the development of video games, films, TV series ___8___animations (动画) at home and abroad. “Chinese online literature bears huge _____9_____ (imagine) and creation of the writers, and they have brought Chinese literature to the world, ______10______ strengthens China's cultural connections with the world,” Xiao Jinghong, vice president of the Institute of Online Literature of the Association of Chinese Writers, told CGTN. 【答案】1.was considered 2. decades 3. growing 4. a 5. preserving 6. to achieve 7. has inspired 8. and 9. imagination 10. which 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，讲述了网上文学以前被认作是低质量，但是现在变得越来越流行，并得到了它应该获得的认可。 【1题详解】 考查被动。句意：网上文学被看做是低质量的文学，因为它廉价的故事线以及老套的角色。根据句子分析可知，online literature为不可数名词作主语，此空为谓语动词，online literature与consider之间为被动关系，且本句陈述过去的事实，故应用一般过去时的被动，故填was considered。 【2题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：在过去的二十年间，中国的网上文学研究变得流行。此空为decade可数名词，且空前有two，故应用复数，故填decades。 【3题详解】 考查现在分词做定语。句意：现在，这一行业已经获得了它应该获得的认可。此处grow修饰名词industry，且grow与industry之间为主动关系，且此空表示“正在增长”，故应用现在分词作定语，故填growing。 【4题详解】 考查不定冠词。句意：在9月早期，总共100部网上文学作品被收录到国家网上图书馆。此空表示“总数为……”，表达为a total of，故填a。 【5题详解】 考查动名词做宾语。句意：这一举动旨在将记忆保存在电子文学中。此空表示“旨在……，目的在于……”，表达为be aimed at doing…，故填preserving。 【6题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：这些网上文学作品能让读者和作者实现时代情绪的共鸣。此空表示“允许某人做某事”，表达为allow sb. to do sth.，故填to achieve。 【7题详解】 考查时态。句意：同样，网上文学还激起了国内外电子游戏、电影、电视剧以及动画片的发展。根据句子分析可知，此处the online literature为不可数名词作主语，此空为谓语动词，其此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，故应用现在完成时，故填has inspired。 【8题详解】 考查连词。句意：同样，网上文学还激起了国内外电子游戏、电影、电视剧以及动画片的发展。此空连接多个名词，表示并列关系，故应用and表示并列，故填and。 【9题详解】 考查名词。句意：中国网上文学承载着作者的想象力和创造力。根据空后的and可知，and连接前后两个imagination和creation两个名词，故填imagination。 【10题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：中国网上文学承载着作者的想象力和创造力，他们将中国文学带到世界，这就加强了中国与世界的文化联系。根据句子分析可知，此空为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，且先行词为“前面网上文学将中国文学带到世界上”这件事，故用which引导，故填which。 Passage 4 Shijing, also The Book of Songs or Shih Ching, is the _____1_____ (early) collection of Chinese poetry. It _____2_____ (make) up of 311 poems dating from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle stage of the Spring and Autumn Period. Nowadays, Confucius is generally believed to be the ____3____ (edit) of the book. Shijing is rich in content, _____4_____ (describe) love and labour, war and slavery, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and special events. It is called a mirror of social life. Poems included in Shijing fall into three sections-poems that come from villages belong to Feng; those written to persuade or praise the rulers belong to Ya; those used at religious _____5_____ (ceremony) belong to Song. Ya and Song are flowery and serious in language. _____6_____, Feng is relatively inspiring and full of passion. The opening poem of Shijing, “Cooing and Wooing” (《关雌》), is about love, _____7_____ reads: By riverside are cooing, a pair of turtledoves; A good young man is wooing, a fair maiden he loves. It is vivid that the man is longing _____8____ (win) over the girl. Shijing enables people to have a better understanding of Chinese civilization and is also _____9_____ beginning of ancient Chinese poetry. Additionally, it is also frequently quoted in other Chinese texts and has always been referred to _____10_____ moral truth and lessons. 【答案】1.earliest 2. is made 3. editor 4. describing 5. ceremonies 6. However 7. which 8. to win 9. the 10. as 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了《诗经》的一些相关知识。作为最早的中国诗集，由311首来自西周早期到春秋中期的诗歌被收录，孔子则被认为是该书的编者，内容丰富，被分为“风”，“雅”，“颂”三部分。文章以《关雌》作为举例让读者体会其美。《诗经》是中华文明的瑰宝。 【1题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：《诗经》，又称《The Book of Songs》或《Shih Ching》，是中国最早的诗集。它分析语境可知，《诗经》是最早的诗集。因此可知，“the______(early)”应是形容词最高级形式，作定语修饰“collection of Chinese poetry”。故填earliest。 【2题详解】 考查时态和被动。句意：它由311首诗组成，时间从西周初到春秋中期。分析可知，所填动词为句子的谓语动词，结合语境讲述客观事实，用一般现在时；且主语“It”与动词“make”之间为被动关系，用一般现在时被动结构：is done。故填is made。 【3题详解】 考查名词。句意：如今，人们普遍认为孔子是该书的编者。分析可知，“the”为定冠词，作名词的限定词，因此所填应是名词。“edit”，动词，意为“编辑，校订”，其名词形式为“editor(书籍的编辑，校订者)”，结合语境，此处用单数形式。故填editor。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：《诗经》内容丰富，描写了爱情和劳动、战争和奴役、风俗和婚姻、祭祖和特殊事件。分析可知，“____4_____ (describe) love and labour”为伴随状语，用非谓语形式表达。主语“Shijing”与动词“describe”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填describing。 【5题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：《诗经》收录的诗歌分为三部分：来自乡村的诗歌为“风”；劝服或赞美统治者的，属“雅”；在宗教仪式上使用的那些属于“颂”。分析可知，“religious”为形容词，作名词的定语，因此所填应是名词，同时结合语境，这里用复数形式。故填ceremonies。 【6题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，风是相对鼓舞人心和充满激情的。分析可知，此处应是副词。结合句意，“Feng is relatively inspiring and full of passion(风是相对鼓舞人心的，充满激情)”与前文“Ya and Song are flowery and serious in language.(雅和颂的语言华丽而严肃。)”之间为转折关系，用“however”表达，置于句首，首字母大写。故填However。 【7题详解】 考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意：《诗经》的开篇诗“《关雌》”是关于爱情的，其中写道：关关雎鸠，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。分析可知，“____7___ reads…”为之前“The opening poem of Shijing”的非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 【8题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：这个男孩渴望赢得这个女孩的芳心，这是很生动的。“be longing to do”，固定短语，意为“渴望做某事”。故填to win。 【9题详解】 考查定冠词。句意：《诗经》使人们更好地了解中国文明，也是中国古代诗歌的开端。分析可知，“the beginning of…”，固定短语，意为“……的开始，开端”。故填the。 【10题详解】 考查介词。句意：此外，它也经常被其他中国文本引用，并一直被称为道德真理和教训。分析可知，“be referred to as…”，固定短语，意为“被称为”。故填as。 Passage 5 Why Fairy Tales Are Really Powerful Tales When people think of fairy tales,they usually imagine pretty princesses,brave princes and happy endings.Yet if we look back to the earliest versions of these stories,we discover that fairy tales(1)_________( never mean) to be only sweet or child-friendly.In fact,they were originally serious and full of challenges.The fear and danger in these tales were not accidental—they carried moral, social,and even psychological meaning. In the past,life was full of risks:diseases,hunger,and poverty.Folk stories reflected that world. In Hansel and Gretel,two children are abandoned and almost captured by a witch (女巫),(2) _______ reminds us that cleverness and courage are needed for survival.In Little Red Riding Hood,the wolf's attack teaches young listeners not to trust strangers.Behind every tense scene,there(3) __________ (stand) a warning about real human behavior. Psychologists later pointed out that such stories help children face their inner worries.Bruno Bettelhem,a well-known scholar,suggested that fairy tales(4)_________ (allow) the mind to deal safely with emotions like jealousy,loneliness,and loss.The deep parts of the story,(5) _________ (act) like a mirror,help readers understand the hidden corners of their own hearts. Modern versions have softened these tales,replacing danger with beauty and loss with happy endings.But deep down,the original fear is(6) ________ gave fairy tales their power.Without fear,their lessons lose depth. (7)___________ (shape) by facing imaginary monsters,readers learn how to face real-life challenges. In the end,(8) ___________ they reflect the truth of human experience,fairy tales are really powerful tales.They remind us that(9) __________ reaching"happily ever after,"every hero or heroine still has to walk through the forest of uncertainty—and it is the journey through that darkness that makes the ending worthy(10) ___________ ( remember). 【答案】1.were never meant 2. which 3. stands/stood 4. allow 5. acting 6. what 7. Shaped/Having been shaped 8. because/as/since 9. before 10. remembering 【导语】本文探讨了童话的真正力量，指出早期童话并非单纯甜美，而是充满恐惧与挑战，这些元素承载着道德、社会及心理意义，帮助人们面对现实困境与内心忧虑。 【1 题详解】 考查被动语态与固定搭配。句意：然而，当我们回顾这些故事的最早版本时，会发现童话从来不是只打算变得甜美或适合儿童。固定搭配 “be meant to do” 表示 “旨在；被打算用于”，主语 “fairy tales” 与 “mean” 为被动关系，且描述早期版本的属性，用一般过去时，故填 were never meant。 【2 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在《汉塞尔与格蕾特》中，两个孩子被遗弃，险些被女巫抓住，这提醒我们生存需要聪明才智和勇气。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，故用 which 引导，填 which。 【3 题详解】 考查主谓一致与时态。句意：每个紧张的场景背后，都隐藏着对人类真实行为的警告。“there stand” 为倒装结构，主语 “a warning” 为单数；全文可用一般现在时（陈述客观事实）或一般过去时（呼应前文过去时），故填 stands/stood。 【4 题详解】 考查宾语从句的虚拟语气。句意：著名学者布鲁诺・贝特尔海姆提出，童话能让大脑安全地处理嫉妒、孤独和失落等情绪。动词 “suggest” 表示 “建议” 时，其后宾语从句需用虚拟语气，即 “should + 动词原形”，should 可省略，故填 allow。 【5 题详解】 考查非谓语动词（现在分词）。句意：故事的深层内涵，就像一面镜子，帮助读者理解自己内心隐藏的角落。逻辑主语 “the deep parts of the story” 与 “act” 为主动关系，现在分词作伴随状语，故填 acting。 【6 题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：但本质上，正是最初的恐惧赋予了童话力量。空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代 “赋予童话力量的东西”，故用连接代词 what 引导，填 what。 【7 题详解】 考查非谓语动词（过去分词 / 现在分词完成式）。句意：通过面对想象中的怪物而被塑造，读者学会了如何面对现实生活中的挑战。逻辑主语 “readers” 与 “shape” 为被动关系，用过去分词作状语；若强调 “被塑造” 的动作先于主句动作，可用现在分词完成式的被动形式，故填 Shaped/Having been shaped。 【8 题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：最终，因为童话反映了人类经历的真相，所以它们是真正有力量的故事。前后句为因果关系，空处引导原因状语从句，“because/as/since” 均符合语境，故填 because/as/since。 【9 题详解】 考查介词。句意：它们提醒我们，在达成 “从此幸福快乐” 之前，每个英雄或女英雄都必须穿过未知的森林。根据句意，此处表示时间先后关系，“在…… 之前” 用介词 before，故填 before。 【10 题详解】 考查不定式及固定搭配。句意：而正是这段穿越黑暗的旅程，让结局值得被铭记。固定搭配 “worthy of doing sth.”（主动形式表被动含义）或 “worthy to be done”，结合答案，此处用动名词形式，故填 remembering。 话题3 运动健康 Passage 1 Measure Your Stress with Fitness Trackers Not sure if it’s time for stress management? Check your watch. Toxic stress, caused by pandemic, 1 (fuel) a wave of new stress management trackers. Offered in health monitoring devices by companies such as Fitbit, WHOOP, and others, they aim to make users more informed of stress and learn tools for handling it. These trackers collect information on metrics such as heart rate, skin temperature, and sleep quality 2 cutting-edge sensors in smart watches, wristbands, and rings. They also continuously assess heart rate variability, or HRV, 3 is the balance between the body’s systems for ramping up to a challenge and slowing down to rest. Some, such as Google’s Fitbit, 4 (measure) electrical changes in certain sweat glands (腺体) that respond to stress and emotional arousal. This invisible “electrodermal” sweat “contains extra information about stress 5 HRV,” says Hugo Posada-Quintero, biomedical engineering professor at the University of Connecticut, “which can also be a measure of emotional responses.” When 6 (combine), these metrics reveal psychological stress—like chronic worrying or work aggravation—that damages health and 7 otherwise escape our awareness. This so-called “unrecognized stress” is common in people with busy lifestyles. The trackers show 8 other stressors, like exercise, are beneficial in the right amounts. 9 some physical responses to exercise resemble unhealthy stress, the trackers may distinguish good stress from bad. If you’re moving your body in specified ways, they can determine that your fast pulse is from road running, not road rage. 10 (quantify) your habits and experiences can encourage behavior changes for stress management. If you eat a large, sugary meal before bed, for example, your stress numbers go up the digestive overload increases heart rate. The sensors will further detect how the late meal disrupts sleep. 【答案】1．has fueled 2．with 3．which 4．measure 5．beyond 6．combined 7．may/might 8．that 9．Although/Though/While 10．Quantifying 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了健身追踪器如何帮助用户监测和管理压力，通过介绍其工作原理、测量的生理指标以及如何通过数据鼓励用户采取减压措施，展现了科技产品在健康管理领域的应用。 1．考查现在分词。句意：由疫情引发的有毒压力，推动了一波新的压力管理追踪器的出现。fuel“推动，加强，刺激”。句子描述的是过去到现在的一个持续影响，所以时态使用现在完成时，主语Toxic stress为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has fueled。 2．考查介词。句意：这些追踪器利用智能手表、腕带和戒指中的尖端传感器收集心率、皮肤温度和睡眠质量等指标的信息。本空用介词with“利用”，表示使用某种工具或手段。故填with。 3．考查定语从句。句意：他们还持续评估心率变异性，即HRV，这是身体系统在迎接挑战和减速休息之间的平衡。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是HRV，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4．考查动词时态。句意：一些追踪器，如Google的Fitbit，测量某些对压力和情绪唤醒有反应的汗腺的电变化。measure“测量”。本句描述一般事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为Some，故谓语用动词原形。故填measure。 5．考查介词。句意：这种看不见的“皮肤电”汗液，康涅狄格大学生物医学工程教授雨果·波萨达-金特罗说：“包含了心率变异之外的额外压力信息，这也可以作为情绪反应的衡量标准。”本空用介词beyond“超出”，表示超出HRV之外还有额外的信息。故填beyond。 6．考查状语从句省略。句意：当这些指标结合在一起时，它们揭示了损害健康的心理压力，比如长期的忧虑或工作加剧的压力，这些压力可能逃过我们的意识。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中When引导的时间状语从句完整句子为When these metrics are_____ (combine)，these metrics与combine“（使）结合”为被动关系，用are combined，作谓语，省略these metrics are，保留过去分词。故填combined。 7．考查情态动词。句意：当这些指标结合在一起时，它们揭示了损害健康的心理压力，比如长期的忧虑或工作加剧的压力，这些压力可能逃过我们的意识。本空用情态动词may或minght“可能”，表示这种压力有可能逃过我们的注意。故填may或might。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：追踪器显示其他压力源，如锻炼，在适量的情况下是有益的。本空引导宾语从句，作show的宾语，从句中不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故填that。 9．考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管某些锻炼引起的生理反应类似于不健康的应激反应，但追踪器可以区分好压力和坏压力。前后句意存在转折关系，应用although/though/while“虽然”引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：量化你的习惯和经历可以鼓励你改变管理压力的行为。本句谓语为can encourage，此处为非谓语动词，本空用quantify“量化”的动名词，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Quantifying。 Passage 2 Coping With the Sunday Scaries A few years ago, I was in the kitchen of a friend’s house preparing a meal. When we all sat down to eat, my friend’s wife wolfed down her supper and then disappeared into another room to do some work. He smiled and said, “Sunday nights are the new Monday mornings around here.” I was surprised at the time. Now, I find myself 1 (behave) in exactly the same manner. Every time I open up my calendar on Sunday evening, a subtle sense of dread comes over me. I feel as 2 I am behind before the week has even begun. Apparently, my Sunday-night anxieties and Monday-morning blues are not unique to me alone. A new study led by Ilke Inceoglu from the University of Exeter found that this phenomenon often takes the form of mental concerns about the week ahead, as well as feelings of nervousness and difficulty with sleeping. “It’s as if your mind moves away from 3 has been experienced over the weekend as the general sense of relaxation or enjoyment, and quickly shifts towards whatever worries you have about everything you’ve got to do in the work week ahead,” said one of Inceoglu’s respondents. Inceoglu found that these Sunday scaries were particularly pronounced 4 people who frequently checked their emails during the weekend, had tasks left over from the previous week, and had unreasonably high expectations of themselves. These matters seem 5 (make) worse as a result of the pandemic, where the rise of working from home 6 (blur) the boundaries between work and leisure. What should we do about the “Sunday scaries”? Researchers have offered some useful suggestions that 7 help us make Monday less depressing. One is to change 8 you think about the weekend. One U.S. study found that when participants were asked to treat their weekend as a mini-vacation, they tended to do more cheerful activities and returned to work on Monday satisfied with their jobs. 9 second way is to redesign our Monday so that it has some of the features that make us feel good during the weekend. Introducing simple changes, such as starting the day with something you are good at, setting aside a little unstructured time where you are able to do what you want, or setting up a lunchtime date with 10 you find enjoyable to be around, could make all the difference. 【答案】1．behaving 2．if/though 3．what 4．among 5．to be made 6．has blurred 7．can 8．how 9．The 10．someone/somebody/whom 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从身边人的故事以及自己的故事谈起周日恐惧这一心理问题，描述并分析了这种问题，最后给出了一些有用的应对方法。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，我发现自己不知不觉间行为方式完全相同。根据“find myself”可知，空处作宾语补足语，是非谓语动词，behave“行为”和myself逻辑上是主动关系，应用behave的现在分词形式behaving，构成固定短语find oneself doing sth.，意为“发现自己不知不觉地做某事”。故填behaving。 2．考查表语从句。句意：我感觉好像这一周还没开始，自己就落后了。根据“I feel as”和空后成分完整的句子可推知，空处应用if或though和as构成固定表达as if或as though，意为“好像，似乎”，引导名词性从句作句子的表语。故填if/though。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：Inceoglu的一位受访者说：“就好像你的思绪远离了周末所经历的类似放松或享受的感觉，快速转移到了你对未来一周工作中必须做的事情的担忧上。”分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作from的宾语，宾语从句缺少主语，结合句意可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。 4．考查介词。句意：Inceoglu发现，这些周日的恐惧在那些周末经常查看电子邮件、有前一周剩下的任务、对自己期望过高的人中尤为明显。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处用介词among表示“在……之中”，此处指“在那些周末经常查看电子邮件、有前一周剩下的任务、对自己期望过高的人中“。故填among。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于疫情，这些问题似乎变得更糟，在家办公的兴起模糊了工作与休闲之间的界限。根据“seem”可知，此处用固定短语seem to do sth.，意为“似乎……”，且make“使，让”和These matters逻辑上是被动关系，空处应用不定式被动语态to be made。故填to be made。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：由于疫情，这些问题似乎变得更糟，在家办公的兴起模糊了工作与休闲之间的界限。分析句子可知，空处作where引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语，结合句意可知，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，时态应用现在完成时，且主语the rise为单数，助动词用has。故填has blurred。 7．考查情态动词。句意：研究人员提供了一些有用的建议，可以帮助我们让周一不那么沮丧。分析句子可知，空处应用情态动词和help组成谓语动词，结合useful suggestions和help us make Monday less depressing可推知，此处表示了一些有用的建议“可以”帮助我们让周一不那么沮丧，表示能力，且主句时态为现在完成时，空处应用情态动词can。故填can。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：一种是改变你看待周末的方式。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作change的宾语，结合句意可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 9．考查冠词。句意：第二种方法是重新设计我们的周一，让它有一些让我们在周末感觉良好的特征。根据“second”和上文已经介绍一种建议可推知，此处表示“第二种方法”，空处应用the和序数词second搭配，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填The。 10．考查不定代词或宾语从句。句意：做一些简单的改变，比如从你擅长的事情开始新的一天，留出一点自由的时间，在那里你可以做你想做的事情，或者和你喜欢待一起的人约个午餐时间，这些都可以让你的生活大不一样。分析句子可知，with缺少宾语，空后的you find enjoyable to be around可以理解为修饰空处的限制性定语从句，空处是先行词，在从句中作宾语，引导从句的关系代词被省略，结合语境可知，空处此时表示“某人”，应用不定代词someone或somebody；或理解为空处引导名词性从句作with的宾语，宾语从句缺少宾语，结合语境可知，宾语指人，应用连接代词whom作引导词。故填someone/somebody/whom。 Passage 3 Do We Really Need 8 Hours of Sleep? Culture Matters People in different countries sleep varying amounts, and cultural beliefs about sleep play a significant role in its relationship to health. Studies have shown that Japanese people sleep significantly less than (1) ______ in the United States, Canada, and Europe. Research has shown that Japanese people sleep 25 minutes less on average than Americans and 40 minutes less than Dutch people. Despite sleeping less than the (2) ______ (recommend) eight hours, Japanese individuals generally have better health outcomes, living longer with lower rates of cancer and heart disease compared to North Americans. This creates a puzzle. One reason for this (3) ______ be cultural dietary habits. Americans tend to consume more red meat and dairy, while the Japanese eat more fish, fruits, and vegetables. However, this alone doesn’t fully explain the health differences. Why do Japanese individuals seem healthier (4) ______ they sleep less? In Japan, people tend to believe that sleep is a luxury, not a necessity, and (5) ______ sacrificing sleep is vital for success. In North American culture, there is a strong, widespread belief that getting 8 hours of sleep is essential for (6) ______ (maintain) good health. A specific study led by Benjamin Cheung investigated these cultural differences, (7) ______ researchers compared 295 university students from Canada and Japan. Participants wore watches (8) ______ (track) their actual sleep and answered questions about sleep beliefs and health. The results were clear: Japanese students averaged about 6 hours of sleep per night, significantly less than 7 hours among Canadian students. Interestingly, fewer physical health symptoms (9) ______ (report) among the Japanese students. Therefore, the relationship (10) ______ how long you sleep and your health is not absolute. It seems to be significantly influenced by your cultural background and personal beliefs about sleep. 【答案】(1) those (2) recommended (3) could/might/may (4) though/although (5) that (6) maintaining (7) where (8) to track (9) were reported (10) between 【导语】本文探讨了睡眠时长与健康的关系，指出不同国家人们的睡眠时间存在差异，这种关系并非绝对，而是受文化背景和睡眠观念的显著影响。 【1 题详解】 考查代词。句意：研究表明，日本人的睡眠时间明显少于美国、加拿大和欧洲人。此处指代前文的 “people”，为同类复数异物，避免重复，故用代词 those，填 those。 【2 题详解】 考查非谓语动词（过去分词）。句意：尽管睡眠时间少于推荐的 8 小时，但日本人的健康状况普遍更好。此处修饰 “eight hours”，“recommend” 与 “eight hours” 为被动关系，过去分词作定语，故填 recommended。 【3 题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：其中一个原因可能是文化饮食习惯。此处表示对原因的推测，“可能” 用情态动词 could/might/may，故填 could/might/may。 【4 题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：为什么日本人睡得更少，却似乎更健康？前后句为转折让步关系，“尽管” 用 though/although 引导让步状语从句，故填 though/although。 【5 题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：在日本，人们倾向于认为睡眠是一种奢侈品，而非必需品，并且牺牲睡眠对成功至关重要。空处引导并列宾语从句，与前面的 “that sleep is a luxury...” 并列，从句中不缺成分，故用 that 引导，填 that。 【6 题详解】 考查非谓语动词（动名词）。句意：在北美文化中，人们普遍坚信 8 小时睡眠对保持健康至关重要。介词 “for” 后接动名词作宾语，故填 maintaining。 【7 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：一项由本杰明・张主导的具体研究调查了这些文化差异，研究人员在该研究中比较了 295 名来自加拿大和日本的大学生。先行词为 “study”，在从句中作地点状语（in the study），故用 where 引导定语从句，填 where。 【8 题详解】 考查非谓语动词（不定式）。句意：参与者佩戴手表来记录他们的实际睡眠，并回答关于睡眠观念和健康的问题。不定式作目的状语，说明佩戴手表的目的，故填 to track。 【9 题详解】 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：有趣的是，日本学生报告的身体健康症状更少。主语 “fewer physical health symptoms” 与 “report” 为被动关系，研究发生在过去，用一般过去时，故填 were reported。 【10 题详解】 考查介词。句意：因此，睡眠时间和健康之间的关系并非绝对。固定搭配 “between...and...” 表示 “在…… 和…… 之间”，故填 between。 Passage 4 Not in Fear of Technology, but in Pursuit of Benefits Back in the 20th century, bored students might draw in their textbooks or stare out of the window. Technology has completely changed the situation. Nowadays many teenagers bring smartphones to classrooms, partly ____1____ the apps on phones are appealing. Governments from China to Finland, as well as dozens of American states, have introduced different bans on these handsets due to worries about their effect on classroom performance. This may seem a fear of technology but it is not. Banning phones from lessons doesn’t mean ____2____ (rob) children of experience with modern technology. They get plenty of that outside school; gaps can be filled up. Tech-enthusiasts like to point to a long history of ____3____ (misplace) doubt about technology and its impact on education. Their favorite example is Plato, who complained that writing, ____4____ functions cover storing facts and arguments on paper, would weaken pupils’ ability to remember them. Plato was wrong, but his mistake two thousand years ago does not mean that today’s worries are misguided. These tech-enthusiasts do not always know ____5____ is in the best interests of the students. Actually, banning smartphones from classrooms improves their academic performance. A recent study, following 17,000 higher-education students in India for three years, concluded that requiring phones ____6____ (leave) outside classrooms led to a measurable improvement in grades. And the benefits of restricting smartphone use may go ____7____ better exam results. Another finding in the Indian study was that, after a while, the bans became popular with students. That fits with tales from young people, suggesting that the problem ____8____ lie in collective action. If most students are socializing on phones, anyone who tries to focus on lessons instead loses some networking opportunities. But if schools completely ban smartphone use, ____9____, will spend time socializing this way. Students will then spend more time interacting with friends in the real world. So, any school that has not restricted smartphones ____10____ (advise) to ban them during classes. In the long run, students may express gratitude for the ban. 【答案】1. because 2. robbing 3. misplaced 4. whose 5. what 6. to be left 7. beyond 8. may 9. nobody 10. is advised 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了本文指出多国多地禁课堂手机非惧科技，其不剥夺孩子接触机会，且能提升学业、促进现实社交，建议学校课上禁用手机。 【1题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：如今，许多青少年会将智能手机带进教室，部分原因是手机上的应用程序颇具吸引力。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”用because。故填because。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：禁止在课堂上使用手机并不意味着剥夺孩子们接触现代科技的机会。短语mean doing sth.表示“意味着做某事”。故填robbing。 【3题详解】 考查形容词。句意：技术爱好者们常常会提及这样一个事实：长期以来，人们一直对技术及其对教育的影响存在错误的怀疑态度。修饰名词doubt，表示“不当的”，用形容词misplaced，故填misplaced。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他们最喜欢举的例子是柏拉图，他抱怨说，书写这种活动（其功能包括将事实和论点记录在纸上）会削弱学生记忆这些内容的能力。定语从句先行词为writing，从句中functions前缺定语，表 “书写的功能”，故用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。 【5题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：这些热衷于科技的人往往并不清楚哪些做法最有利于学生。宾语从句中缺主语，且指代 “对学生最有利的事物”，故用what。故填what。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：最近的一项研究对印度的17000名高等教育学生进行了为期三年的跟踪调查，结果表明，要求学生将手机留在教室外这一举措显著提高了他们的学习成绩。固定搭配require sth. to be done表示“要求某物被做”，此处指“要求手机被留在教室外”，故填to be left。 【7题详解】 考查介词。句意：而且限制使用智能手机所带来的好处可能远不止能提高考试成绩这么简单。短语go beyond表示“超出、不止于”。故填beyond。 【8题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：这与年轻人所讲述的情况相符，表明问题可能出在集体行动方面。后跟动词原形，表示“可能”用情态动词may。故填may。 【9题详解】 考查代词。句意：但如果学校完全禁止使用智能手机，那么学生们就根本不会有时间通过这种方式进行社交活动了。前文说“若多数人玩手机，专注学习的人会失去社交机会”，此处转折，指“若学校全面禁止，就没人会用这种方式社交了”，故用nobody作主语。故填nobody。 【10题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：所以，任何未对智能手机加以限制的学校都被建议在上课期间禁止使用这些设备。主语any school与advise为被动关系，且全文为一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is advised。 Passage 5 SPARTAN RACES Long ago, Sparta, an ancient city in Greece, became known for its brave and powerful soldiers. Spartan boys, taken away from home ____1____ (train) around the age of 7, were taught discipline, physical fitness, battle skills and to obey orders. The training program, ____2____ (call) “agoge,” lasted until the young men were around 30 and was meant to produce warriors who were unbreakable, both mentally and physically. Realistically speaking, Spartan training was incredibly tough and cruel. But some Spartan principles, such as discipline, emotional control, honor and courage, are still important today. They ____3____ (include) into the exercise field in Spartan Races. These fitness competitions are a very exhausting type of obstacle-course race (OCR) and are popular these days. In fact, Spartan Races have been called the world’s premier obstacle-course race. Some people are making a move away from marathons, opting instead for Spartan Races, which they consider more exciting and challenging. Indeed, Spartan Races are designed to push competitors to their mental and physical limits. In addition to running a distance race, each person ____4____complete a minimum of 20 obstacles. There are many different Spartan Races that are suitable for everyone from first-time racers to ____5____ (experienced) athletes. Beginners often start with the Spartan Sprint: a roughly 5-kilometer run with around 20 obstacles. Another popular level is the Spartan Beast, which ____6____ (feature) a run of about 20 kilometers with around 35 obstacles. These obstacles include wall climbing, rope climbing, spear throwing, bucket carrying, log carrying, chain carrying, walking across a balance beam and so much more. Perhaps the most challenging race is the Spartan Agoge, a 60-hour extreme endurance event with 60 demanding obstacles. Racers travel to severe environments in remote locations like Mongolia and Iceland to race 50 kilometers across rough territory. It’s advertised as the most physically and mentally challenging adventure ____7____will forever change your view of yourself. Regardless of which race you choose, ____8____you cross the finish line, you’re officially a Spartan, joining the ranks of nearly 10 million other people. Many participants consider ____9____highly beneficial to participate in an OCR. After _____10_____ (complete) one, many say they leave, in true Spartan fashion, with the ability and determination to face and overcome life’s obstacles. 【答案】1. to be trained 2. called 3. have been included 4. must 5. more experienced 6. features 7. that 8. once 9. it 10. completing 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了斯巴达人的训练体系及其对现代斯巴达赛事的影响。斯巴达对男孩的严酷训练塑造了纪律、勇气等品质，这些原则融入了当今流行的斯巴达障碍赛。赛事分为 Sprint、Beast、Agoge 等级别，适合不同水平选手，旨在挑战身心极限，帮助参赛者克服生活困难。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：斯巴达男孩大约在7岁时被带离家去接受训练，他们被教导纪律、身体健康、战斗技能和服从命令。“be taken away from home...”的目的是“去接受训练”，所以此处应用不定式作目的状语，且男孩们与train之间是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式to be trained。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个训练项目被称为“agoge”，一直持续到这些年轻人大约30岁，旨在培养出在精神和身体上都坚不可摧的战士。句中已有谓语lasted，call在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语The training program构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。 【3题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：它们已被纳入斯巴达赛跑的锻炼领域。根据语境可知，此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，且They（指代前面提到的Spartan principles）与include之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填have been included。 【4题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：除了跑一段距离赛跑外，每个人还必须完成至少20个障碍。根据语境可知，此处表示“必须”，应用情态动词must。故填must。 【5题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：有许多不同的斯巴达赛跑，适合从第一次参加比赛的人到更有经验的运动员。根据语境可知，此处是将第一次参加比赛的人与更有经验的运动员进行比较，应用形容词比较级more experienced。故填more experienced。 【6题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：另一个受欢迎的级别是斯巴达野兽赛，它的特点是大约20公里的跑步，有大约35个障碍。根据语境可知，此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且which指代的先行词the Spartan Beast为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填features。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它被宣传为最具身体和精神挑战性的冒险，这将永远改变你对自己的看法。此处为定语从句修饰先行词adventure，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，且由形容词最高级修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。 【8题详解】 考查连词。句意：无论你选择哪场比赛，一旦你冲过终点线，你就正式成为一名斯巴达人，加入近1000万人行列。根据语境可知，此处表示“一旦”，应用连词once引导条件状语从句。故填once。 【9题详解】 考查it作形式宾语。句意：许多参与者认为参加障碍赛跑（OCR）是非常有益的。此处为“consider+it+adj.+to do sth.”结构，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式短语to participate in an OCR。故填it。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在完成一场比赛后，许多人说，他们以真正的斯巴达风格离开，有能力也有决心面对并克服生活中的障碍。After为介词，其后应接动名词作宾语。故填completing。 话题4 自然生态 Passage 1 Scientists were deeply concerned about what was happening. Avian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM) was first discovered in the winter of 1994 1 29 bald eagle carcasses were found near DeGray Lake, a man-made reservoir in Arkansas. Two years later, at least 70 eagles had died across several Arkansas reservoirs. By 1998, conditions continued to deteriorate as dead birds of different species including American coots, mallards and ring-necked ducks were confirmed at ten sites across six states. All of the documented cases of this 2 (emerge) disease occurred on or near manmade water reservoirs with abundant aquatic vegetation. But what particularly puzzled scientists was 3 these birds behaved before they died. The birds were observed suddenly flying straight 4 stationary objects (rock walls and trees), swimming in circles, and with their wings drooped. For many years, scientists from state and federal agencies tried to figure out what was killing the birds and the testing of sediment and dead birds at affected water reservoirs for xenobiotic compounds that cause AVM 5 (reveal) nothing. Necropsies of the birds’ brains showed widespread vacuolation of white matter of the central nervous system and spinal cord which explained their uncoordinated behaviour. Early studies suggested that an unknown, seasonal and environmental neurotoxin 6 be responsible. Recently, a paper published in the journal Science has pinpointed the exact neurotoxin responsible for the death of those bald eagles in Arkansas. The research describes the series of events that leads to AVM. It’s a fatal three-part process that requires invasive plants, abundant bacteria, and chemicals in the environment. It begins with the invasive plant named Hydrilla verticillata, also called waterthyme, first introduced to the United States in the 1950’s 7 an aquarium plant. The plant is home to cyanobacteria called Aetokthonos hydrillicola which colonize up to 95% of the plant leaves. The cyanobacteria aren’t 8 deadly to waterbirds but when they 9 (expose) to the chemical bromide in the environment, they produce a dangerous neurotoxin called aetokthonotoxin which causes AVM in birds. Previous field and laboratory studies have also demonstrated that AVM in herbivorous waterbirds due to the ingestion of H. verticillata can be transferred up the food chain to birds of prey which consume the 10 (affect) waterfowl. AVM thus presents a threat to multiple avian species. Furthermore, feeding trials have also confirmed neuropathy and mortality in a wide range of taxa including amphibians, reptiles, and fish. This work highlights the role of cyanobacteria as potentially dangerous toxin producers and further research into how the toxin effects human health via the consumption of fish and waterbirds from these contaminated reservoirs is urgently required. 【答案】1．when 2．emerging 3．that 4．to/towards 5．revealing 6．can 7．as 8．the 9．expose 10．affected 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了禽类空泡性髓鞘病(AVM)的原因和对鸟类的影响。 1．考查定语从句。句意：禽类空泡性髓鞘病(AVM)在1994年冬天首次被发现，当时29只白头鹰的尸体在阿肯色州的一个人工水库德格雷湖附近被发现。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词1994指时间，且从句中缺少时间状语，所以用关系副词when来引导。故填when。 2．考查考查形容词。句意：所有记录的这种新出现的病例都发生在有丰富水生植被的人工水库上或附近。分析句式结构可知，disease是名词，所以应该用形容词修饰名词，根据文章的介绍可知，这种病是最新出现的，所以科学家才要加以研究，emerging新兴的、发展初期的，故填emerging。 3．考查表语从句。句意：但让科学家们特别困惑的是，这些鸟在死前的行为。分析句式结构可知，此处是表语从句，且从句中不缺少句子成分，所以用that来引导。故填that。 4．考查介词。句意：人们观察到这些鸟突然直接飞向静止的物体(岩壁和树木)，绕圈游泳，翅膀下垂。根据flying straight可知，此处用介词to或者towards来表示“朝向……”飞去。故填to或者towards。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来，来自州和联邦机构的科学家们试图找出导致鸟类死亡的原因，并对受影响水库的沉积物和死鸟进行了检测，以寻找导致AVM的异种化合物，结果一无所获。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作状语动词作状语，又因为reveal和主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填revealing。 6．考查情态动词。句意：早期的研究表明，一种未知的季节性和环境神经毒素可能是罪魁祸首。分析句意可知，此处表示一种客观上的可能性，表示“能、会”，所以情态动词can。故填can。 7．考查介词。句意：它始于一种名为黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)的入侵植物，也被称为水百里香，它于20世纪50年代作为一种水族馆植物首次引入美国。分析句意再根据an aquarium plant可知，此处用介词as表示“作为”一种水族馆植物。故填as。 8．考查冠词。句意：蓝藻对水鸟来说并不是致命的（水生植物），但当它们接触到环境中的化学溴化物时，它们会产生一种危险的神经毒素，这种毒素被称为aetokthonotoxin（一种新型蓝藻神经毒素），会导致鸟类患空泡性髓鞘病。因为deadly是形容词，所以此处用“the+形容词”表示一类事物。故填the。 9．考查动词时态。句意：同上。短语expose to暴露于，文章的基础时态为一般现在时，主语是复数，所以谓语动词用动词原形，故填expose。 10．考查过去分词。句意：先前的实地和实验室研究也表明，草食性水禽由于摄入黑藻而产生的AVM可以沿着食物链向上转移到食用受影响水禽的猛禽身上。空处作定语，waterfowl与affect之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词表被动，故填affected。 Passage 2 Elephants may be known for their size and ____1____ (strong) , but tourists who ride on their backs can still do great harm. ____2____ picture provided by the Wildlife Friends Foundation in Thailand (WFFT) describes Pai Lin, a 71-year-old female whose spine (脊柱) ____3____ (become) out of shape after 25years of working in the tourism, ____4____ she was forced to carry up to six tourists at a time. The group said, “This pressure on elephants’ bodies can worsen the tissue (组织) and bones on their back, ____5____ (cause) serious physical damage to their spines.” Elephant ____6___ (ride) are a popular tourist activity in countries across Southeast Asia, but activists say the practice is a form of animal ill-treatment as their bodies are not designed to be ridden. They also say many are ____7____ (actual) worked to death. “Pai Lin was given up by her owner who felt that she was too slow and always painful ____8____ (work) well anymore,” Edwin Wiek, founder of the WFFT, told CNN. Tom Taylor, the group’s project director, added that elephants’ backs were not designed to carry heavy weight. Their spines go upwards. Continuous pressure on their backbones from tourists can result ____9____ forever physical damage—which can _____10_____ (see) in Pai Lin. The group was sharing Pai Lin’s story to remind people never to ride elephants. 【答案】1.strength 2. A 3. has become 4. where 5. causing 6. rides 7. actually 8. to work 9. in 10. be seen 【导语】这是一篇说明文，大象可能以其体型和力量而闻名，但骑在大象背上仍然会造成巨大的伤害，本文通过分享大象Pai Lin的故事提醒人们水远不要骑大象， 【1题详解】 考查名词。句意：大象可能以其体型和力量而闻名，但是骑在它们背上的游客仍然会造成很大的伤害。大象可能以其体型和力量而闻名。作介词的宾语应用名词strength，意思是“力量”，不可数。故填strength。 【2题详解】 考查冠词。句意：泰国野生动物之友基金会提供的一张照片描述了71岁的Pai Lin，她在旅游业工作了25年，被迫一次携带多达6名游客，脊柱已经变形。picture此处为泛指，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填A。 【3题详解】 考查动词的时态。句意：泰国野生动物之友基金会提供的一张照片描述了71岁的Pai Lin，她在旅游业工作了25年，被迫一次携带多达6名游客，脊柱已经变形。此处是强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响， 应用现在完成时，故填has become。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：泰国野生动物之友基金会提供的一张照片描述了71岁的Pai Lin，她在旅游业工作了25年，被迫一次携带多达6名游客，脊柱已经变形。此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰the tourism，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该组织表示：“大象身体上的这种压力会使它们背部的组织和骨骼恶化，对它们的脊柱造成严重的物理损伤。”分析句子结构可知cause与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。故填causing。 【6题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：骑大象在东南亚国家是一项很受欢迎的旅游活动，但活动人士表示，这种做法是一种虐待动物的形式，因为大象的身体不是用来骑的。根据后文的“are”可知这里应填复数形式rides。故填rides。 【7题详解】 考查副词。句意：他们还说，许多大象实际上是因过劳而死。此处需要副词actually修饰动词worked。故填actually。 【8题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：Pai Lin被它的主人抛弃了， 因为主人觉得它太慢了，而且总是很痛苦，再也不能很好地工作了。此处为句型too…to…意为“太……而不能做……”。故填work。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：游客对它们脊骨的持续压力可能导致永久性的物理损伤——这在Pai Lin身上就可以看到。result in“引起， 导致”，固定搭配，故填in。 【10题详解】 考查语态。句意：游客对它们脊骨的持续压力可能导致永久性的物理损伤——这在Pai Lin身上就可以看到。从句主语which指代前文中的forever physical damage，和动词see之间是被动关系，且can后跟动词原形。故填be seen。 Passage 3 Natural Therapy (疗法) Many books and articles have been published about how to boost happiness. One proved way is by spending more time in nature. In a study ____1____ (publish) in Science Advances, there is evidence ____2____ contacting with nature is associated with many benefits including increases in happiness, a sense of well-being, positive social ____3____ (interaction), and a feeling of meaningfulness in life. Nature therapy, also called ecotherapy(生态疗法), is the practice of being in nature to boost growth and healing, especially menial health. You can do nature therapy anywhere, ____4____ you live in rural, suburban, or urban areas. As an example, in the foothills of the Snowdonia National Park in the UK outdoor art-related activities ____5____(hold) to help those who suffer from depression, anxiety and stress over the past few years. Art psychotherapist Pamela Stanley told the BBC that there was a “growing body of evidence” to support ecotherapy. It’s true that for most of us ____6____ (expose) to the natural world definitely lifts our spirits. But ecotherapy can also include activities or therapies ____7____ you are formally guided by therapists and trained leaders. It’s ____8____ Dr Rachel Bragg from the University of Essex calls “psychological restoration”. “Ecotherapy is one tool that you have to use ____9____ (strengthen) and deepen the the work that you’re doing with your clients or your patients.” Of course, eco-therapy won’t cure everything, ____10____ it is still on option for therapists to use. And as we become more aware of the causes and effects of mental health, it’s good to know that help may lie outside our towns and cities, and that nature can give us a helping hand. 【答案】1.published 2. that 3. interactions 4. whether 5. are held 6. being exposed 7. where 8. what 9. to strengthen 10. but 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个新的自认疗法：有证据表明，与大自然接触与许多益处有关，包括增加幸福感、幸福感、积极的社会互动和生活的意义感。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在一项发表在《科学进展》上的研究中，有证据表明，与大自然接触与许多益处有关，包括增加幸福感、幸福感、积极的社会互动和生活的意义感。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词study，动词publish和名词study是被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故填published。 【2题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：在一项发表在《科学进展》上的研究中，有证据表明，与大自然接触与许多益处有关，包括增加幸福感、幸福感、积极的社会互动和生活的意义感。空处引导同位语从句，用来解释说明名词evidence，且从句句意完整不缺少成分，应用that引导，故填that。 【3题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：在一项发表在《科学进展》上的研究中，有证据表明，与大自然接触与许多益处有关，包括增加幸福感、幸福感、积极的社会互动和生活的意义感。此处应用名词interaction作宾语，表示“互动”，为可数名词，此处应用复数形式表示泛指，故填interactions。 【4题详解】 考查连词。句意：你可以在任何地方进行自然疗法，不管你是住在乡村、郊区还是城市。whether...or固定搭配，意为“不管是……还是”，故填whether。 【5题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：例如，在英国斯诺登尼亚国家公园的山麓举办户外艺术相关活动，以帮助那些在过去几年里遭受抑郁、焦虑和压力的人。此处在句中作谓语，主语activities和动词hold是被动关系，且句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词应用are，故填are held。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：的确，对于我们大多数人来说，接触自然世界无疑会提升我们的精神。be exposed to固定搭配，意为“暴露于”，位于句首，应用动名词形式，故填being exposed。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：但是生态疗法也可以包括由治疗师和训练有素的领导者正式指导的活动或治疗。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰activities or therapies，且从句缺少地点状语，应用where来引导，故填where。 【8题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这就是艾塞克斯大学的蕾切尔·布拉格博士所说的“心理恢复”。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少宾语，表示“……的东西”，应用what来引导，故填what。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：生态疗法是一种你必须使用的工具，它可以加强和深化你与客户或患者所做的工作。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词tool，且关系词在从句中作use的宾语，即have to use the tool，由此可知，此处表示“使用工具来加强……”，作目的状语，应用不定式，故填to strengthen。 【10题详解】 考查连词。句意：当然，生态疗法不会治愈一切，但治疗师仍然选择使用它。前后句子是转折关系，应用转折连词but，故填but。 Passage 4 Molecules (分子) of water have been detected in lunar soil for the first time in samples _____1_____(pick) up by China’s Chang’e 5 spacecraft. These minerals could provide _____2_____ source of water for a moon base. The moon was long thought to be bone dry, but in the past 20 years, we _____3_____ (see) signs of water buried below the surface. In 2008, researchers _____4____(claim) to have found water in volcanic glass beads (珠) in samples of lunar rock. However, that study and others since actually detected hydroxyl groups ---- oxygen and hydrogen bound together ---- rather than molecules of H20. _____5_____ (get) water out of these rocks, they would need to be heated to around 1000 ℃. Satellites _____6_____ (orbit) the moon have also detected signs of light _____7_____ imply the presence of water ice, but this hasn’t been directly measured in a sample. Now, Xiaolong Chen at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and his coworkers have analysed around 1,000 micrometre-sized _____8_____ (grain) of lunar soil brought back by Chang’e 5. They found a mineral consisting _____9_____ about 40 per cent H2O. The amount of the mineral in the lunar soil was tiny, but it would be _____10_____ (easy) to extract water from it than from other sources, because it only requires heating to about 100℃. 【答案】1.picked 2. a 3. have seen 4. claimed 5. To get 6. orbiting 7. which##that 8. grains 9. of 10. easier 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述中国嫦娥五号采集的月球土壤样本中首次检测到水分子，其提取比其他来源更易，或为月球基地提供水源。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国嫦娥五号航天器采集的样本中，首次在月球土壤中检测到水分子。此空考查非谓语，samples与pick为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填picked。 【2题详解】 考查冠词。句意：这些矿物质可以为月球基地提供水源。source为可数名词，此处表泛指“一种水源”，用不定冠词a。故填a。 【3题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：月球长期以来被认为完全干燥，但在过去20年里，我们已经看到地表下埋藏水的迹象。这里考查谓语动词，主语we与see为主动关系，再由in the past 20 years可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语we为复数。故填have seen。 【4题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：2008年，研究人员声称在月球岩石样本的火山玻璃珠中发现了水。此空考查谓语动词，主语researchers与claim为主动关系，再由In 2008可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填claimed。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了从这些岩石中获取水，它们需要被加热到约1000摄氏度。分析句子可知，空处表目的，用不定式作目的状语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填To get。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：环绕月球运行的卫星也探测到了暗示水冰存在的光信号，但这尚未在样本中直接测量到。此空考查非谓语，satellites与orbit为主动关系，再由语境可知，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填orbiting。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：环绕月球运行的卫星也探测到了暗示水冰存在的光信号，但这尚未在样本中直接测量到。空处引导定语从句，先行词为light，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which /that。 【8题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：现在，中国科学院的陈小龙和他的同事分析了嫦娥五号带回的约1000微米大小的月球土壤颗粒。grain为可数名词，由“around 1,000”可知，这里应用复数形式。故填grains。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：他们发现了一种含有约40%水的矿物质。这里考查consist of，为固定搭配，意为“由……组成”。故填of。 【10题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：月球土壤中这种矿物质的含量极少，但从它那里提取水比从其他来源更容易，因为它只需加热到约100摄氏度。由than可知，此处用比较级，故填easier。 Passage 5 Mount Tai, a towering peak in Shandong province, China, is renowned for its steep landscape with over 7,000 steps. Climbing this mountain is challenging, especially for ____1____ elderly and people with mobility issues. However, AI-powered exoskeletons (外骨骼机器人) are making the journey simpler. These robotic legs, ____2____ (weigh) only 1.8 kilograms, are designed to wrap around users’ waists and thighs, offering assistance ____3____ (ease) the burden on legs at the same time. Developed by Taishan Cultural Tourism Group and Kenqing Technology, the exoskeletons debuted during the Spring Festival, attracting over 200 users. Users ____4____ (report) feeling like someone was pulling them uphill, making the climb much easier. However, some users mentioned ____5____ (convenience) in using the device for activities like tying shoelaces or using the bathroom. Despite these issues, the exoskeletons are seen ____6____ a “true blessing” for senior citizens and the mobility-impaired. This innovation not only aids mountain climbing ____7____ also highlights potential applications in elderly care, a growing market in China, ____8____ the population of seniors is rapidly increasing. The smart elderly care market was estimated at 6.8 trillion yuan in 2024. Kenqing Technology, the co-developer, is eyeing this vast market now and has launched an exoskeleton ____9____ (specific) designed for elderly users. To fully unlock the potential of elderly care robots, industry insiders told Xinhua News Agency that stronger policy support is needed to scale up their production while keeping prices ____10____ (afford) for all. 【答案】1. the 2. weighing 3. to ease 4. reported 5. inconvenience 6. as 7. but 8. where 9. specifically 10. affordable 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了AI外骨骼机器人如何帮助人们更轻松地攀登泰山，并探讨了其在老年护理领域的潜力。 【1题详解】 考查冠词。句意：攀登这座山极具挑战性，尤其是对老年人和行动不便的人来说。“the+形容词”表示一类人，the elderly表示“老年人”。故填the。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些机器人腿重量只有1.8公斤，设计包裹在使用者的腰部和大腿上，同时提供帮助以减轻腿部的负担。空处在句中为非谓语，robotic legs与weigh (重量是……)之间是逻辑主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填weighing。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to ease。 【4题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：用户们报告说，感觉就像有人在拉他们上山，这让爬山容易多了。句子描述过去发生的动作，谓语动词report应用一般过去时，故填reported。 【5题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，一些用户提到在使用该设备进行系鞋带或上厕所等活动时存在不便。空处应用名词作宾语，上文说到机器人的好处，后面用however转折，句中应表示“不便”inconvenience，为不可数名词。故填inconvenience。 【6题详解】 考查介词。句意：尽管存在这些问题，外骨骼仍被视为老年人和行动不便者的“真正福音”。be seen as“被视为……”为固定短语。故填as。 【7题详解】 考查连词。句意：这项创新不仅有助于登山，而且突出了在老年人护理方面的潜在应用，这是中国一个不断增长的市场，中国的老年人人口正在迅速增加。not only…but also…是固定搭配，表示“不仅……而且……”，在句中连接并列谓语aids和highlights。故填but。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词China，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 【9题详解】 考查副词。句意：联合开发者Kenqing Technology正瞄准这个巨大的市场，并推出了一款专门为老年用户设计的外骨骼。空处修饰动词designed应用副词作状语，specific的副词是specifically，表示“专门地”。故填specifically。 【10题详解】 考查形容词。句意：为了充分释放老年护理机器人的潜力，业内人士告诉新华社，需要更强有力的政策支持，以扩大其生产规模，同时保持价格让所有人都能负担得起。keep+宾语+形容词（作宾补），表示“使……保持某种状态”，空处应用形容词affordable“支付得起的”，作宾语补足语。 故填affordable。 话题5 科学技术 Passage 1 By the mid-21st century, the term “nose job” had been completely redefined. No longer referring to simple cosmetic surgery, it now described a radical procedure to augment the human sense of smell, ____1____(grant) individuals olfactory (嗅觉) powers equivalent to a bloodhound’s. This was achieved by boosting the number of olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity (鼻腔) from the human standard of 6 million to over 100 million. The procedure itself was intensely complex. It involved temporarily removing the nose, scraping its internal tissue, and refilling it with a transplant of the patient’s own programmed stem cells. These cells ____2____ (design) to differentiate into vast numbers of new olfactory cells. When the nose was reattached, neural stem cells grew, forging (建立) new connections to the brain’s olfactory bulb. ____3____ (accommodate) this new hardware, most patients accepted a slightly larger, more bulbous nose, ____4____a minority even opted for a “wet” nose modification to enhance scent trapping, much like a dog’s. The post-operative period was a critical and challenging transition. New “supersniffers” were initially isolated in scent-free clean rooms, as their new ability was overwhelmingly powerful. They ____5____ detect human stress levels, menstrual cycles, remnants of past meals, and even the health of plants. Patients were gradually exposed to richer olfactory stimuli, and their brains, aided by drugs that increased neural plasticity, ____6____(learn) to rewire themselves to interpret this flood of new sensory data. The reasons for ____7____ (undergo) the augmentation were as varied as the scents it revealed. Many sought it for professional advancement. Chefs created more exquisite dishes, detectives could assess the precise timeline of a crime scene, and diplomats could detect lies and hidden emotions in negotiations with uncanny accuracy. Ecologists could literally sniff out the health of an ecosystem, sensing soil conditions and plant vitality, ____8____ revolutionized restoration efforts. In healthcare, the benefits were profound. Caregivers and doctors could understand a patient’s physical and mental state ____9____ unprecedented clarity, and augmented individuals played a crucial role in early disease detection, identifying conditions like cancer or Parkinson’s through subtle scent markers. While some used their new ability for trivial or canine-like greetings, most applied it thoughtfully. In an age increasingly dominated by artificial intelligence, this augmentation was seen as a profoundly human enhancement. It opened a door to a richer, _____10_____ (deeply) felt experience of the world — a sensory realm of emotion and connection that remained inaccessible to machines, making those who underwent it feel more truly alive. 【答案】1. granting 2. were designed 3. To accommodate 4. while 5. could 6. learned 7. undergoing 8. which 9. with 10. more deeply 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章描绘了未来通过高科技改造人类嗅觉的图景，探讨其深远意义——这项增强手术不仅是感官能力的突破，更是人类在人工智能时代重新定义自身独特性、追求更深刻生命体验的象征。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它不再指简单的美容手术，而是描述了一种增强人类嗅觉的革命性手术，赋予个人相当于寻血猎犬的嗅觉能力。此处在句中作状语，主语为it，与grant之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填granting。 【2题详解】 考查语态。句意：这些细胞被设计成分化成大量新的嗅觉细胞。此处在句中作谓语动词，主语为These cells，为复数，与design之间为被动关系，且根据前文involved可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填were designed。 【3题详解】 考查不定式。句意：为了容纳这套新“硬件”，大多数患者接受了稍微更大、更圆润的鼻子，少数人甚至选择了类似狗的“湿润”鼻子改造，以增强气味捕捉能力。此处在句中作状语，表示接受更大更圆润的鼻子的目的是为了容纳这套新硬件，故应用不定式作目的状语。首字母大写。故填To accommodate。 【4题详解】 考查连词。句意：同上。此处表示对比，大多数患者接受了稍微更大、更圆润的鼻子，而少数人甚至选择了类似狗的“湿润”鼻子，故应用while表示前后对比。故填while。 【5题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：他们能够检测到人类的压力水平、月经周期、残留的餐食气味，甚至植物的健康状况。根据前文“as their new ability was overwhelmingly powerful”可知，此处介绍它的能力，故应用情态动词can表示“能够”，根据前文was可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填could。 【6题详解】 考查时态。句意：患者逐渐暴露在更丰富的嗅觉刺激中，并在增强神经可塑性的药物帮助下，大脑学会重新连接以解读这股涌来的新感官数据。此处在句中作谓语动词，主语为their brains，为复数，与learn之间为主动关系，且根据前文were可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填learned。 【7题详解】 考查动名词。句意：人们选择接受这种增强手术的原因，就像它能揭示的气味一样多种多样。根据空前的介词for可知，此处应用动名词作宾语，故填undergoing。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：生态学家简直能嗅出生态系统的健康状况，感知土壤条件和植物活力，这彻底改变了生态修复工作。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Ecologists could literally sniff out the health of an ecosystem, sensing soil conditions and plant vitality”这件事，故应用which引导，故填which。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：护理人员和医生能以前所未有的清晰度了解患者的身心状态，接受过嗅觉增强的人在早期疾病检测中发挥着关键作用，能够通过微妙的气味标记识别出癌症或帕金森病等疾病。此处与空后的名词clarity构成介宾短语，在句子作状语，且此处意为“以……，用……”，故应用介词with，故填with。 【10题详解】 考查比较级。句意：它开启了一扇通往更丰富、更深切感知世界的大门——一个机器无法触及的情感与联结的感官领域，让经历者感觉自己更加真实地活着。根据上文的richer可知，此处应用副词deeply“深深地，深切地”的比较级形式修饰动词felt，故填more deeply。 Passage 2 Beijing Hosts the World’s First-ever Humanoid (像人的) Robot Half Marathon Running is for everyone — and everything, as it now happens. That’s ___1___ China has just staged a half marathon where humans weren’t the only participants. In addition to about 12,000 living, breathing runners, this race also welcomed 21 humanoid robots to its start line. This half marathon, which took place in Beijing on Saturday, ___2___ (believe) to be the first running event of its kind and a landmark moment for the Chinese robotics industry. ___3___ the humans and robots ran along separate tracks, likely for safety reasons which you’ll appreciate better in a moment, it was the first time that these two types of participants ___4___ (take) part in the same race.And it proved that bipedal (两腿行走的) robots can run a significant distance in real-world conditions. However, the robots’ performances on race day were chaotic. One robot fell at the starting line and stayed down for several minutes. ___5___ ran into a fence after just a few meters. Only six of the 21 competing robots, all of ___6___ had to be bipedal rather than on wheels, successfully completed the course. The best of the bunch was a humanoid called Tiangong Ultra, ___7___ (develop) by the Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center, which won the robot race in 2 hours and 40 minutes. Even better, Tiangong Ultra crossed the finish line ___8___ the human cut-off time of three hours and 10 minutes. It made it the only robot ___9___ (qualify) for a human participation award. It was the tallest robot in the field, too, ___10___ (tower) over many human adults at nearly six feet (about 1.8 meters). By contrast, the shortest robot participant — which wore a blue and white tracksuit and waved at people every few seconds — was just 2.5 feet (about 0.76 meters) tall. 【答案】1. because 2. is believed 3. Although##Though##While 4. had taken 5. Another 6. which 7. developed 8. before##within 9. to qualify##to be qualified 10. towering 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了北京举办首届人形机器人半程马拉松的赛事情况。 【1题详解】 考查连词。句意：这是因为中国刚刚举办了一场半程马拉松比赛，人类并不是唯一的参赛者。前文“Running is for everyone — and everything”提出观点，后文“China has just staged a half marathon where humans weren’t the only participants”解释该现象的原因，空处应用连词because引导表语从句，构成固定句型“That’s because...”，意为“这是因为……”。故填because。 【2题详解】 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这场半程马拉松于周六在北京举行，被认为是此类赛事中的首场，也是中国机器人产业的一个里程碑时刻。空处作谓语，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，believe和主语This half marathon之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语This half marathon是单数，be动词应用is。故填is believed。 【3题详解】 考查连词。句意：尽管出于安全原因，人类和机器人分别在不同的赛道上奔跑（这一点你很快就会更清楚），但这是这两类参赛者首次参加同一场比赛。前半句“人类和机器人分道跑”与后半句“首次同场竞技”是让步转折关系，空处应用连词although/though/while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 【4题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：尽管出于安全原因，人类和机器人分别在不同的赛道上奔跑（这一点你很快就会更清楚），但这是这两类参赛者首次参加同一场比赛。it was the first time that...为固定句型，意为“这是某人第一次……”，that从句中的谓语动词应用过去完成时。故填had taken。 【5题详解】 考查代词。句意：另一个机器人在仅仅跑了几米后就撞到了围栏上。根据上文“One robot fell at the starting line and stayed down for several minutes.”可知，此处表示“另一个机器人”，应用代词another，泛指三者或三者以上中的另一个，句首单词首字母大写。故填Another。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在21个参赛机器人中，只有6个成功完成了比赛，所有这些机器人都必须是两足行走的，而不是轮式的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词six of the 21 competing robots，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：其中表现最好的是一款名为“天工Ultra”的人形机器人，由北京人形机器人创新中心开发，以2小时40分钟的成绩赢得了机器人组冠军。空处作非谓语动词，develop和逻辑主语a humanoid called Tiangong Ultra之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填developed。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：更好是，“天工Ultra”在人类设定的3小时10分钟截止时间之前（在3小时10分钟内）冲过了终点线。根据空后“the human cut-off time of three hours and 10 minutes”可知，此处表示“在……之前”或“在……之内”，应用介词before“在……之前”或within“在……之内”。故填before/within。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这使它成为唯一有资格获得人类参与奖的机器人。空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词robot，当名词有the only修饰，其后用不定式作后置定语，qualify“符合”和robot之间可以是主动关系，强调机器人自身符合获奖条件，可用to qualify；也可用不定式的被动形式to be qualified，强调机器人被官方授予资格。故填to qualify/to be qualified。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它也是赛场上最高的机器人，身高近6英尺（约1.8米），比许多成年人都高。空处作非谓语动词，动词tower“高耸；高出”和逻辑主语It（指代前文的机器人）之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填towering。 Passage 3 Down in the Waste-yard What happens to that single-use plastic bottle after you place it in a recycling bin? Most people assume it really____1____ (recycle), probably at a facility not far away. Much more likely is____2____ the bin is only the departure point on a long journey to the other side of the world, ____3____ that bottle will be washed, dried, sorted by material, and turned into packaging material. Consider that a victory. If it is packaging itself that has been thrown, it will probably end up as a dirty form of fuel, ____4____ (power) the production of concrete or even tofu. Or it____5____go all the way just to sit in Asia or Africa, spoiling the landscape, blocking rivers, entering the ocean, being swallowed by marine life and perhaps finding its way back into your home and even into your body. It is recycling, but not ____6____ people traditionally think of it. The broad facts of the fiction of recycling are no secret. But Alexander Clapp, a journalist, does something eye-catching in his book. He follows rubbish, travelling to some of the world’s most unpleasant places to record the effects of consumption: villages in Indonesia ____7____ (bury) under mountains of Western plastic, a ship-breaking yard in Turkey where men tear apart the harmful shells of American passenger ships, a slum (贫民窟) in Ghana where migrants obtain valuable metals____8____ the rich world’s abandoned computers and mobile phones. Waste Wars also contains jaw-dropping but forgotten stories, such as____9____of the Khian Sea, a ship carrying a season’s worth of ash from garbage incinerators (焚化炉) in Philadelphia, which set sail for the Bahamas in 1986. The ship and its poisonous goods ____10____ (deny) entry, forcing the crew to look for alternative rubbish dumps. After 27 months of being turned away from every possible port, it arrived in Asia with an empty hold. The captain admitted years later to dumping the ash in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. 【答案】1. is recycled##will be recycled 2. that 3. where 4. powering 5. may##might 6. what 7. buried 8. from 9. that 10. were denied 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一次性塑料瓶等垃圾回收后的实际去向，包括加工再利用、作为燃料以及在亚非地区造成污染等情况，并提及相关书籍记录的消费产生的垃圾影响。 【1题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：大多数人认为它真的会被回收利用，可能就在不太远的一个设施里。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，主语it指代前文的single-use plastic bottle，与recycle之间是被动关系，句子可看作陈述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，也可结合assume和语境，用一般将来时的被动语态。故填is recycled；will be recycled。 【2题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：更有可能的是，这个垃圾桶只是通往世界另一端漫长旅程的起点，在那里，瓶子将被清洗、干燥、按材料分类，然后变成包装材料。此处引导表语从句，从句结构完整、语义明确，应用that引导，that在表语从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。故填that。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句引导词。句意：更有可能的是，这个垃圾桶只是通往世界另一端漫长旅程的起点，在那里，瓶子将被清洗、干燥、按材料分类，然后变成包装材料。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the other side of the world，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果被丢弃的本身就是包装，它很可能最终会成为一种肮脏的燃料，为混凝土甚至豆腐的生产提供动力。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词will end up，此处应用非谓语动词，power与逻辑主语a dirty form of fuel 之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填powering。 【5题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：或者它可能一路到达亚洲或非洲，破坏景观、堵塞河流、进入海洋、被海洋生物吞食，甚至可能回到你的家中，甚至进入你的身体。根据前文的Much more likely和If it is packaging itself that has been thrown, it will probably可知，此处表示可能性，应用情态动词may或might，后接动词原形。故填may/might。 【6题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这是回收利用，但不是人们传统上认为的那种。空处引导表语从句，完整形式为but it is not people traditionally think of it，空处在表语从句内部的作用是宾语（作think of的逻辑宾语，指代“人们认为回收该有的样子”），应用连接代词what。故填what。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他追踪垃圾，前往世界上一些最令人不适的地方记录消费的影响：印度尼西亚的村庄被西方塑料山掩埋，土耳其的一个拆船场，那里的人们拆解美国客轮的有害外壳，加纳的一个贫民窟，移民们从富裕世界废弃的电脑和手机中获取有价值的金属。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词follows，此处应用非谓语动词，villages与bury之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填buried。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：他追踪垃圾，前往世界上一些最令人不适的地方记录消费的影响：印度尼西亚的村庄被西方塑料山掩埋，土耳其的一个拆船场，那里的人们拆解美国客轮的有害外壳，加纳的一个贫民窟，移民们从富裕世界废弃的电脑和手机中获取有价值的金属。根据句意可知，此处表示“从……中获取”，应用介词 from。故填from。 【9题详解】 考查代词。句意：《垃圾战争》还包含了令人震惊但被遗忘的故事，比如吉安海号的故事，这艘船载着费城垃圾焚化炉一个季节产生的灰烬，于1986年启航前往巴哈马群岛。此处指代前文的story，且特指“吉安海号的故事”，为避免重复，应用that指代。故填that。 【10题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这艘船及其有毒货物被拒绝入境，迫使船员寻找其他垃圾场。此处主语The ship and its poisonous goods与deny之间是被动关系，根据后文的arrived可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。故填were denied。 Passage 4 Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times — how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet? I’m not an expert, 1 many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two. First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: If you see or read something that 2 (make) you feel uncomfortable, leave the site 3 (immediate). Don’t post comments or click on anything. Second, protect your privacy. Don’t give out your address or phone number. Someone might use the information 4 (steal) your identity. Identity theft is a common and serious problem. Third, be polite. Being online is no excuse 5 being rude, and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully. A troll is a person 6 posts comments or questions in order to stir up trouble online. Trolls often use several false 7 (name) so that they can stay on a site. A cyberbully uses the Internet to be mean to others. Like a troll, a cyberbully will also write something mean but it is usually directed at particular people. He or she may also post 8 (embarrass) photos and information about those people. However, the 9 (polite) you are, the less likely it is you 10 (attack). 【答案】1．but 2．makes 3．immediately 4．to steal 5．for 6．who/that 7．names 8．embarrassing 9．more polite 10．will be attacked 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何在网上保持安全和避免不良经历，并从离开不良网站、保护隐私、保持礼貌等方面给出了一些实用的建议。 1．考查连词。句意：我不是专家，但多年的博客经验教会了我一些东西。根据句意可知，此处前后句之间为转折关系，应用连词but连接。故填but。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：首先，这是互联网的黄金法则：如果你看到或读到让你感到不舒服的东西，立即离开这个网站。此处为定语从句的谓语动词，先行词为不定代词something，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，结合上下文时态可知，这里陈述客观规则，应用一般现在时。故填makes。 3．考查副词。句意：首先，这是互联网的黄金法则：如果你看到或读到让你感到不舒服的东西，立即离开这个网站。此处为副词作状语修饰动词leave，immediate的副词为immediately，意为“立即”。故填immediately。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：有人可能会利用这些信息来窃取你的身份。此处为非谓语动词作目的状语，所以用不定式形式。故填to steal。 5．考查介词。句意：上网并不是粗鲁无礼的借口，你也不想成为恶意评论者或网络恶霸的目标。an excuse for doing sth.为固定短语，意为“做某事的借口”。故填for。 6．考查定语从句。句意：恶意评论者是指为了在网上挑起事端而发表评论或提问的人。此处为限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词a person指人，所以应用关系代词who或that来引导。故填who/that。 7．考查名词复数。句意：恶意评论者经常使用几个假名，以便能留在某个网站上。根据句意以及空前several可知，此处应用可数名词name的复数形式。故填names。 8．考查形容词。句意：他或她可能还会发布那些人的尴尬照片和信息。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词photos and information，embarrass的形容词embarrassing意为“令人尴尬的”，符合句意。故填embarrassing。 9．考查比较级。句意：然而，你越有礼貌，你受到攻击的可能性就越小。此处为固定句型“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”意为“越……，越……”，所以此处应用形容词polite的比较级形式。故填more polite。 10．考查时态和语态。句意：然而，你越有礼貌，你受到攻击的可能性就越小。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处描述的是将来的事情，所以应用一般将来时，attack与主语you之间为被动关系，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be attacked。 Passage 5 China has set an example to other countries on how to balance economic development with ecology (生态) in an exhibition (展览). And the International Exhibition 1 (hold) in Chengdu from April to October in 2024. The exhibition covered 2 large area. It opened in April and ran until Oct. 28, showing 113 exhibitions and gardens from across the globe. There were seven major exhibition areas 3 showed the best in gardening from countries such as France, Italy, the United Kingdom and cities around China. Tim Briercliffe, AIPH secretary general, said that he liked the 4 (tradition) culture shown in gardens from different cities in China such as Yangzhou, but he’s more interested in how green ideas can connect with people’s daily lives, 5 (especial) in big cities. A small rooftop with plants and flowers left a strong 6 (impress). When people from other cities visited it, they saw green ideas used on a city level. Green walls request technology. 7 (get) water to plants and looking after them on a high wall are not easy. Now it is recognized that China has a right way to design the future. And China is designing her future 8 a proper way because she is becoming a greener country for people to live. The strategies of ecological development in China’s cities aren’t used in other countries. Some 9 (expert) hoped this exhibition was an opportunity for other cities around the world 10 (see) that they can do the same. 【答案】1．was held 2．a 3．which/that 4．traditional 5．especially 6．impression 7．Getting 8．in 9．experts 10．to see 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在成都举办的一次国际展览，该展览展示了中国如何平衡经济和生态发展，为世界其他地方树立了榜样。 1．考查时态和语态。句意：国际博览会于2024年4月至10月在成都举行。根据时间状语from April to October in 2024可知，此处用一般过去时，而且主语the International Exhibition与hold之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was held。 2．考查冠词。句意：展览会占地面积很大。此处表示“一块大的区域”，表泛指，用不定冠词a。故填a。 3．考查定语从句。句意：展会设有七大展区，展示了来自法国、意大利、英国等国家和中国各地城市的最佳园艺技术。此处为定语从句，先行词是areas，在定语从句中做主语，所以此处用关系代词which或者that。故填which/ that。 4．考查形容词。句意：AIPH秘书长Tim Briercliffe表示，他喜欢中国不同城市（如扬州）的园林所展示的传统文化，但他更感兴趣的是绿色理念如何与人们的日常生活联系起来，尤其是在大城市。此处修饰名词culture，所以用形容词形式。故填traditional。 5．考查副词。句意：AIPH秘书长Tim Briercliffe表示，他喜欢中国不同城市（如扬州）的园林所展示的传统文化，但他更感兴趣的是绿色理念如何与人们的日常生活联系起来，尤其是在大城市。此处提示词修饰介词短语in big cities，所以用副词形式。故填especially。 6．考查名词。句意：点缀着花草的小屋顶给人留下了深刻的印象。根据空前strong可知，此处用名词形式。根据冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填impression。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：给植物浇水并在高墙上照看它们并不容易。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。首字母需大写。故填Getting。 8．考查介词。句意：中国正在以一种恰当的方式设计她的未来，因为她正在成为一个更环保的国家。此处考查固定短语in a... way，表示“以一种……的方式”。 故填in。 9．考查名词复数。句意：一些专家希望这次展览是一个机会，让世界各地的其他城市看到他们也可以这样做。根据空前形容词Some可知，此处用名词的复数形式。故填experts。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些专家希望这次展览是一个机会，让世界各地的其他城市看到他们也可以这样做。根据空前an opportunity可知，此处用动词不定式形式做定语。故填to see。 话题6 人际关系 Passage 1 Most underrated pleasures of one’s life One of the biggest drivers of good relationships in our lives is a developed level of understanding in those relationships. The relationships 1 this understanding end up creating too much maintenance work. So it becomes more like luggage or at least something that needs attention or care rather than fun. I realized it with a couple of friends of mine. Recently my “friend ecosystem” had a sudden change. A couple of them 2 (leave) although I still have a couple around. I am also adding a couple of new ones. The whole change made me thoughtful. I started to think about the cause of being better friends with some. It turns out that among the large number of other factors, one of the key ones is 3 (understand). It can then be extended to personal and even business relationships. While 4 (hire) a key employee, one can be sure that it will work well if the other person enjoys and understands you well. It will be far 5 (productive) as the relationship related maintenance is low and you can focus on actual output. It 6 help you even when you are looking for funding partners, seed capital or business joint ventures (企业). Finally, how do you ensure you are understood? To start with, make sure that the people who 7 (matter) to you in any capacity like business, managerial, personal or family have an open relationship with you. Creating an open environment 8 others can discuss constructive aspects or difficult discussion is important. Being caring and respectful to 9 and being truthful are two different things. Truthfulness is as important as being respectful and caring. In the long term, truthfulness will result in a caring relationship. 10 you are understood well and have an open relationship, you can’t be truthful. When you get to that level with the person where you are completely understood, it will be an awesome feeling! 【答案】1．without 2．left/ have left//were leaving 3．being understood 4．hiring 5．more productive 6．can/may 7．matter 8．where 9．someone/somebody/one 10．Unless 【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章主要分析并表达了人与人之间要保持良好的关系，最关键的就是能够被理解，这也是人生中最被低估的乐趣这一观点。 1．考查介词。句意：没有这种理解的关系，最终会产生过多的维护工作。分析句子可知，空处应为介词，后接名词短语“this understanding”，表示“没有”。故填without。 2．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：他们中的一些人离开了，尽管我还有几个朋友在身边。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据上一句中的谓语动词“had”和句意可知，本句表达一些朋友已经离开或是当时正在离开，故可用过去时、现在完成时或过去进行时；主语是“A couple of them”，谓语应为复数形式。故填left/have left/were leaving。 3．考查动名词。句意：事实证明，在众多其他因素中，其中一个关键因素是被理解。分析句子和句意可知， 空处应为非谓语动词形式，作表语，表示一般情况，应用动名词形式；根据第五段“Finally, how do you ensure you are understood?”（最后，你如何包保证自己被理解？）及本句句意可知，关键因素之一是被理解，故应用动名词的被动语态。故填being understood。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：在雇佣一名关键员工的时候，如果对方很喜欢你，也很理解你，那肯定会很顺利。根据句中谓语“can be”可知，空处应为非谓语动词，作时间状语，与“one”形成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填hiring。 5．考查形容词比较级。句意：这样做的效率会高得多，因为与关系相关的维护成本较低，你可以专注于实际产出。分析句子可知，空处应为形容词，作表语；far作副词，一般修饰形容词的比较级形式，表示“……得多”。故填more productive。 6．考查情态动词。句意：它能够/可能会帮助你，甚至当你在寻找投资伙伴，原始资本或商业合资企业时。根据谓语动词“help”和句意可知，空处应为情态动词，表示“能够/可能”。故填can/may。 7．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：首先，确保那些在商业、管理、个人或家庭等方面对你很重要的人与你保持开放的关系。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词，表示“要紧、有关系”；根据句中“have”和句意可知，应用一般现在时，表示客观现实；主语是“who”，指代先行词“the people”，故谓语动词应为复数。故填matter。 8．考查定语从句关系词。句意： 创造一个开放的环境是很重要的，在这里其他人可以讨论建设性的问题或进行困难的讨论。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“environment”，在从句中作状语，表示“在这个环境中”，故应用关系副词where。故填where。 9．考查不定代词。句意：关心、尊重别人和诚实是两回事。分析句子和句意可知，空处应为代词，作宾语，泛指“某人、一个人”，故可用不定代词someone/somebody/one。故填someone/somebody/one。 10．考查连词。句意：除非你被很好地理解，并且有一个开放的关系，否则你不可能诚实。分析句子可知，空处应为连词，后接状语从句；根据前文“Truthfulness is as important as being respectful and caring. ”（诚实与尊重、关心同样重要。）可知，一个人只有在获得关心和尊重，能被别人很好地理解时，才会对对方诚实，故根据句意，空处应用unless，表示“除非”；句首字母大写。故填Unless。 Passage 2 A Journey Back to Each Other Inspired by my daughter’s tales of backpacking adventures and my desire to hang out with my youngest son outside the house, I booked two tickets to Shanghai for the September school holidays, surprising us both. We, ____1____ (arm) with a budget, some travel insurance, and a rough plan built around some last-minute internet searches, headed to the airport. We arrived in Shanghai sleepy and excited at 5: 30 a.m. Despite the early start, the air was already hot and soupy, ____2____ my son used as an excuse to head straight for a convenience store and buy one of the many drinks he’d remembered from all those years before. There is something very freeing about arriving in a place where you have no plans. And we ____3____ (not do). I discovered that he could find his way ____4____ remembering landmarks. Within a day he’d become the navigator, and I was the lost one, following behind. As tourists, we ____5____ (expose) to everything together, giving us back a connection we don’t always have in our daily lives. He is naturally curious, which____6____ (make) for a good traveller, and instead of hesitating over the things he suggested, I just went with it. He was the one who said we should hire bikes. He was the one who showed me how to speed up and led me through the streets downtown, laughing ____7____ I screamed in delight. He dragged me shopping for jeans in stores and made me catch buses ____8____ (take) us in the wrong direction entirely. He was just as likely as I was____9____ (know) what train to catch, or find the right street to turn down, or stand in awe at the foot of a giant temple, or queue for hours for a steaming bowl of Xiaolongbao. I saw him differently in Shanghai. Travelling meant we were more like equals — partners in adventure. And instead of missing the child version of ____10____ , I saw the adult he was becoming. 【答案】1. armed 2. which 3. didn’t 4. by 5. were exposed 6. makes 7. as##when 8. taking 9. to know 10. him 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和小儿子在上海的旅行经历，旅途中两人的相处模式发生改变，作者看到了儿子逐渐成长为成年人的模样，也重新找回了母子间在日常生活中缺失的联结。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们带着预算、一些旅行保险，还有一份靠最后时刻上网搜索制定的粗略计划，前往机场。此句中已有谓语动词headed，此处需填非谓语形式，arm与主语We之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式armed，表示“装备着、带着”。故填armed。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：尽管出发得很早，空气已经又热又闷，我儿子以此为借口径直走向一家便利店，买了他多年前记得的众多饮品中的一款。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代上文“the air was already hot and soupy”，且关系词在从句中作used的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 【3题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：到达一个没有任何计划的地方，有种无比自由的感觉。而我们确实也没有什么计划。空处描述过去的状态，应用一般过去时，否定形式为didn’t 。故填didn’t。 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：我发现他能通过记住地标来认路。空处表示“通过某种方式”，应用介词by，在句中作方式状语。故填by。 【5题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：作为游客，我们一起接触到了所有事物，这让我们重新找回了在日常生活中并不总能拥有的联结。空处为句子的谓语成分，expose与主语we之间是被动关系，且描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态were exposed。故填were exposed。 【6题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：他天生好奇心强，这使他成为一名不错的旅行者，对于他提出的建议，我没有犹豫，而是欣然接受。空处为定语从句的谓语成分，先行词为前面整个句子，视为单数，且描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，make用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。 【7题详解】 考查连词。句意：是他教我如何加速，领着我穿过市中心的街道，我开心地尖叫时，他在一旁大笑。空处引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作同时发生，应用连词as或when，译为“当……时”。故填as/when。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他拉着我去商店买牛仔裤，还让我坐上了那些把我们完全带向错误方向的公交车。此句中已有谓语动词dragged，此处需填非谓语形式，设空处作后置定语，take与buses之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式taking，译为“带领、运送”。故填taking。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他和我一样，可能知道该坐哪趟火车，该拐进哪条正确的街道，会在宏伟的寺庙脚下惊叹，也会排几个小时的队买一碗热气腾腾的小笼包。此处为固定结构“be likely to do sth.”，译为“很可能做某事”，应用动词不定式to know。故填to know。 【10题详解】 考查代词。句意：我不再想念他儿时的样子，而是看到了他正在成长为的那个成年人。空处指代前文的“he”，且作介词of的宾语，应用宾格形式him。故填him。 Passage 3 Empires in Conversation Despite the thousands of miles separating them and the big differences in their peoples,two rulers in 17th-century Europe and China were nevertheless the driving force behind a grand cultural exchange. The two men were the Kangxi Emperor of China’s Qing Dynasty and King Louis XIV of France. A symbolic image from the period captured the exchange: European ambassadors (使臣) ____1____ (dress) in the robes of Qing officials, stood beside an armillary sphere in the court of the Kangxi Emperor. The astronomy, mathematics, physics, and chemistry they brought ____2____ (fascinate) the young emperor, who was particularly interested in the heavenly bodies. Through their instruction, Kangxi gained a rich knowledge. On one visit to southern China, he used a spirit level (水平仪) to measure the water, and found a mistake in ____3____ his ministers were controlling the water in the Hongze lake. It is natural for many of us ____4____ (marvel) at the Chinese emperor’s good knowledge of Western technologies. But Kangxi’s interests extended ____5____ the hard sciences: He tried to organize information about these foreign lands and spread ____6____among the public. He asked his third prince, Yinzhi, to establish a museum of mathematics ____7____ talented scholars would engage in research and observation of mathematical laws and the universe. In court speeches, Kangxi would hold forth on the natural sciences from Europe, ____8____ (lecture) young princes about astronomy, calendar systems and arithmetic. Outstanding students ____9____ (send) to the institution of astronomy or other key departments. _____10_____ the visitors from the West came to the East mainly to spread their culture, upon arriving in that ancient kingdom, they discovered its people already possessed their own well-established understanding of the world. There was the Golden Mean of Confucius, and the unknowable Tao of Lao Tzu. And these left a deep impression on the traveling Europeans. 【答案】1. dressed 2. fascinated 3. how 4. to marvel 5. beyond 6. it 7. where 8. lecturing 9. were sent 10. Although##Though##While 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍17世纪康熙皇帝与路易十四推动的中欧文化交流及双方科技文化的相互影响。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一时期的一幅标志性画作记录了这场交流：身着清朝官员服饰的欧洲使臣，站在康熙皇帝朝堂上的一件浑天仪旁。此处为非谓语动词作定语，European ambassadors与dress为被动关系，用过去分词dressed。故填dressed。 【2题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：他们带来的天文学、数学、物理和化学知识令这位年轻的皇帝着迷，他对天体尤其感兴趣。此处为谓语动词，描述17世纪发生的事情，用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为fascinated。故填fascinated。 【3题详解】 考查宾语从句连接词。句意：在一次南巡时，他用水平仪测量水位，发现大臣们治理洪泽湖的方法存在一处错误。此处引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，表“如何、怎样”，用连接副词how。故填how。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们很多人自然会惊叹于这位中国皇帝对西方技术的渊博学识。此处为固定句型“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，所以此处用to marvel作主语。故填to marvel。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：但康熙的兴趣不止于自然科学：他还试图整理这些域外之地的相关信息，并向公众传播。空后为名词，且无提示词，所以此处使用介词，结合句意，此处表示“超出、不止于”，用介词beyond。故填beyond。 【6题详解】 考查代词。句意：但康熙的兴趣不止于自然科学：他还试图整理这些域外之地的相关信息，并向公众传播。此处指代前面的information，为不可数名词，用代词it。故填it。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他命三子胤祉建立一座算学馆，让才华出众的学者们可以在馆内研究和观测数学规律与宇宙。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为a museum of mathematics，表地点，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在朝堂讲学中，康熙会讲解来自欧洲的自然科学知识，向皇子们讲授天文、历法和算术。此处为非谓语动词作状语，Kangxi与lecture为主动关系，用现在分词lecturing。故填lecturing。 【9题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：优秀的学子被送往钦天监或其他核心部门任职。此处为谓语动词，描述过去的情况，students与send为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词为were sent。故填were sent。 【10题详解】 考查连词。句意：尽管西方来客远赴东方主要是为了传播自身文化，但当他们抵达这个古老王国后，却发现这里的人们早已拥有自成体系的世界观。此处引导让步状语从句，表“尽管、虽然”，用连词Although/Though/While。故填Although/Though/While。 Passage 4 The family who eats together What’s the price of a family meal? For many families in the world’s wealthiest countries, the answer seems to be, ‘too much’. For instance, in the United States, 1 is often a trendsetter in such things, the majority of families report eating a single meal together fewer than five days a week. In fact, the frequency of shared meals 2 (decrease) in American families by 33 per cent over the last twenty years. The meals 3 have shortened too: from an average of 90 minutes to just 12 minutes. So perhaps we’re better off asking ourselves 4 the cost of not eating together is. Once again, we could turn to the figures. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has found that 15-year-olds who reported not regularly 5 (share) family meals were twice as likely to be absent from school. In Europe, research has suggested that children who don’t eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week face a 40 per cent higher risk of fatness. Another study, 6 (conduct) by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (滥用) at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are 7 (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol. But those numbers, impressive 8 they seem, may be beside the point. After all, having a meal together is more than just a preventive measure 139 future misfortune. The primary cost of the family meal is also the very thing that makes it important: time. The time spent together over food leads to all the positive outcomes that are measured in the studies. That time spent together has less noticeable—but no less real—effects too. So often, 9 is at the family meal that the family as such—the family as an organic unit with shared memories and feelings and ambitions—is made. 【答案】 1．which 2．has decreased 3．themselves 4．what 5．sharing 6．conducted 7．less likely 8．as / though 9．against 10．it 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家人一起吃饭带来的好处。 1．考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句意：例如，在经常引领此类潮流的美国，大多数家庭表示，他们每周在一起吃一顿饭的时间少于五天。根据is often a trendsetter in such things可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是the United States，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，因此要用关系代词which。故填which。 2．考查动词的时态。句意：事实上，在过去的20年里，美国家庭共享食物的频率下降了33%。根据over the last twenty years可知此句时态是现在完成时，且主语是the frequency of shared meals，要用单数形式。故填has decreased。 3．考查代词。句意：用餐时间也缩短了：从平均90分钟缩短到12分钟。根据主语The meals可知此处要用反身代词themselves，表示用餐本身。故填themselves。 4．考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：因此也许我们最好问问自己不一起吃饭的代价是什么。根据we’re better off asking ourselves可知此处是一个宾语从句，缺少引导词，由宾语从句中的is可知此处要用what“什么”，且what充当is的表语。故填what。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：经济合作与发展组织发现，报告称不经常与家人一起吃饭的15岁青少年缺课的可能性是其他人的两倍。根据share与逻辑主语15-year-olds之间是主动关系，可知此处要用现在分词形式。故填sharing。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：哥伦比亚大学成瘾与药物滥用国家中心进行的另一项研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或五次以上的孩子，不太可能出现毒品和酗酒的问题。根据found that可知此处要用非谓语动词，由conduct与逻辑主语Another study之间是被动关系，因此要用过去分词作定语。故填conducted。 7．考查形容词的比较级。句意：哥伦比亚大学成瘾与药物滥用国家中心进行的另一项研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或五次以上的孩子，不太可能出现毒品和酗酒的问题。固定短语be likely to do“很有很可能做某事”，根据who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week可知此处要用形容词的比较级，表示“不太可能”。故填less likely。 8．考查连词。句意：但是，尽管这些数字看起来令人印象深刻，但它们可能无关紧要。根据impressive和they seem可知此处是形容词放在句首的半倒装句，根据句意可知连词as / though“虽然，尽管”符合题意。填as / though。 9．考查介词。句意：毕竟，一起吃饭不仅仅是预防未来不幸的措施。根据future misfortune可知此处要用介词against，表示“抵御，预防”。故填against。 10．考查代词。句意：通常情况下，正是在家庭聚餐中，家庭作为一个有机的整体，拥有共同的记忆、情感和抱负。根据is at the family meal that可知此处是一个强调句，被强调部分是at the family meal，因此要用代词it。故填it。 Passage 5 As we walk along “the path of life”, we are meant to come across some true friends, who encourage us and help us get through the hard time. To me Tim is the one who brings out the 1 (good) in me. He will always bring back the friendship between us. It was my first day at high school. I 2 (walk) alone on the playground when a basketball rolled to my feet. A boy with a smile on his face came running to me, picked up the ball 3 asked if I could play basketball with him. I hesitated for a moment, then I said no and told him why. To my surprise he didn’t walk away. Instead, he encouraged me 4 (have) a try and I did. Over the next few weeks, we made it to the playground every day and 5 (stick) to practising together. He also helped me do my math 6 I struggled with and even taught me how to live 7 (independent) in a new school. Over time, the school life seemed no longer challenging and 8 (we) friendship grew rapidly as well. I’ll never forget Tim. He really made a big 9 (different ) to my life. I would not be the person that I am today 10 him. 【答案】1．best 2．was walking 3．and 4．to have 5．stuck 6．that/which 7．independently 8．our 9．difference 10．without 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和蒂姆之间的友谊。当我们走在“人生之路”上时，我们注定会遇到一些真正的朋友，他们鼓励我们，帮助我们度过难关。对作者来说，是蒂姆激发了作者最好的一面。 1．考查形容词。句意：对我来说，是蒂姆激发了我最好的一面。结合语意以及空前的the可知，此处用最高级，表示“最好的一面”。故填best。 2．考查时态。句意：我一个人在操场上走着，突然一个篮球滚到了我脚边。根据句中rolled可知，句子描述过去的情况，且句子使用be doing sth. when...，表示“正在做某事，这时……”，所以空处应用过去进行时，主语是I，be动词使用was。故填was walking。 3．考查并列连词。句意：一个男孩面带微笑向我跑过来，捡起球，问我是否可以和他一起打篮球。句中came，picked和asked是并列的谓语动词，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 4．考查动词不定式。句意：相反，他鼓励我试一试，我也试了。固定搭配：encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，其中动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to have。 5．考查时态。句意：在接下来的几个星期里，我们每天都去操场，坚持一起练习。空处与and前面的made并列，作谓语动词，句子使用一般过去时，动词应用过去式形式。故填stuck。 6．考查定语从句。句意：他还帮我做了我很难做的数学，甚至教我如何在新学校独立生活。空处引导限制性定语从句，math作先行词，指物，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，定语从句由关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 7．考查副词。句意：他还帮我做了我很难做的数学，甚至教我如何在新学校独立生活。空处应用副词修饰动词live，作状语。故填independently。 8．考查代词。句意：随着时间的推移，学校生活似乎不再具有挑战性，我们的友谊也迅速发展起来。句中friendship是名词，由形容词性物主代词修饰。故填our。 9．考查名词。句意：他真地对我的生活产生了很大的影响。固定搭配：make a difference to意为“对……有影响，对……有重要意义”。故填difference。 10．考查介词。句意：如果没有他，就不会有今天的我。结合语意可知，句子表示如果没有他的话，空处应用介词without，表示“没有”，符合题意。故填without。 $