考前押题01 阅读理解记叙文常考话题（期中复习专项训练）高二英语下学期沪外版

考前押题01 阅读理解记叙文常考话题 话题1 人与社会 话题4 社会发展 话题2 环境保护 话题5 社会服务 话题3 人与自我 话题6 文学艺术 话题1 人与社会 Passage 1 In winter, Harnmerfest is a thirty-hour ride by bus from Oslo, though why anyone would want to go there in winter is a question worth considering. It is on the edge of the world, the northernmost town in Europe, as far from London as London is from Tunis, a place of dark and fierce winters, where the sun sinks into the Arctic Ocean in November and does not rise again for ten weeks. I wanted to see the Northern Lights. But now as I picked my way through Osto in late December, I was beginning to have my doubts. Things had not started well. I had overslept at the hotel, missing breakfast, and had to leap into my clothes. I couldn’t find a taxi and had to drag my overweight bag eight blocks to the central bus station. I had had huge difficulty persuading the staff at the Kreditkassen Bank on Karl Johans Gate to cash sufficient traveler’s cheques to pay the 1,200-kroner bus fare — they simply could not be made to grasp that the William McGuire Bryson on my passport and the Bill Brvson on my traveler’s cheques were both me — and now here I was arriving at the station two minutes before departure, and the girl at the ticket counter was telling me that she had no record of my reservation. “This isn’t happening,” I said. “I’m still at home in England enjoying Christmas.” Actually, I said, “There must be some mistake. Please look again.” The girl studied the passenger list. “No, Mr. Bryson, your name is not here.” But I could see it, even upside-down. “There it is, second from the bottom.” “No,” the girl decided, “that says Bernt Bjornson. That’s a Norwegian name.” “It doesn’t say Bernt Bjornson. It says Bill Bryson. Look at they, the two l’s. Miss, please,” But she wouldn’t have it. “If I miss this bus, when does the next one go?” “Next week at the same time.” Oh, splendid. “Miss, believe me, it says Bill Bryson.” “No, it doesn’t.” “Miss, look, I’ve come from England. I’m carrying some medicine that could save a child’s life.” She didn’t buy this. “I want to see the manager.” “He’s in Stavanger.” “Listen, I made a reservation by telephone. If I don’t get on this bus, I’m going to write a letter to your manager that will cast a shadow over your career prospects for the rest of this century.” This clearly did not alarm her. Then it occurred to me. “If this Bernt Bjornson doesn’t show up, can I have this seat?” “Sure.” Why don’t I think of these things in the first place? “Thank you,” I said. 1．What can be learned from the passage about Hammerfest? A．It is located in the South of the city of Oslo. B．It is where the Northern Lights can be seen. C．It is known as a town without sufficient power supply. D．It remains in the darkness from November till next March. 2．The writer got to the station just two minutes before the train departed because he spent much time ________. A．cashing his traveler’s cheques B．packing everything into his luggage C．waiting for a taxi to send him there D．choosing suitable clothes to wear 3．By “Oh, splendid”, the writer meant that he actually felt ________. A．puzzled B．amazed C．worried D．relieved 4．Why did the writer say he was carrying some medicine and he would write to the manager? A．To tell the girl what he really wanted to do. B．To show the girl how angry he was with her. C．To warn the girl of the potential consequences. D．To persuade the girl to allow him onto the bus. Passage 2 The train was at a standstill, some twenty minutes outside Kolkata, when an unexpected stroke of luck presented Piya with an opportunity to go for a seat beside a window for some fresh air. She had been sitting in the stuffiest part of the train compartment, on the edge of a bench: now, moving to the open window, she saw that the train had stopped at a station called Champahati. Looking over her shoulder, Piya spotted a tea-seller on the platform. Reaching through the bars of the window, she called him with a wave. She had never cared for the kind of chai, Indian tea, sold in Seattle, her hometown in the USA, but somehow, in the ten days she had spent in India she had developed an unexpected taste for milky, overboiled tea served in earthenware cups. There were no spices in it for one thing, and this was more to her taste than the chai at home. She paid for her tea and was trying to get in the cup through the bars when the man in the seat opposite her own suddenly turned over a page, jolting her hand. She turned her wrist quickly enough to make sure that most of the tea spilled out of the window, but she could not prevent some from spilling over his papers. “Oh, I’m so sorry!” Piya was very embarrassed: of everyone in the compartment, this was the last person she would have chosen to injure with her tea. She had noticed him while waiting on the platform in Kolkata and she had been struck by the self-satisfied tilt of his head and the way in which he stared at everyone around him, taking them in, sizing them up, sorting them all into their places. “Here,” said Piya, producing a handful of tissues. “Let me help you clean up.” “There’s nothing to be done,” he said testily (暴躁地). “These pages are ruined anyway.” For a moment she considered pointing out that it was he who had knocked her hand. But all she could bring herself to say was, “I’m very sorry. I hope you’ll excuse me.” “Do I really have a choice?” he said. “Does anyone have a choice when they’re dealing with Americans these days?” Piya had no wish to get into an argument so she let this pass. Instead, she opened her eyes wide and, in an attempt to restore peace, came out with, “But how did you guess?” “About what?” “About my being American? You’re very observant.” This seemed to do the trick. His shoulders relaxed as he leaned back in his seat. “I didn’t guess,” he said. “I knew.” 1．In the first paragraph, Piya was relieved when she got a window seat because it meant that_________. A．there was more room for her luggage B．she no longer had to suffer from a lack of air C．there was less chance that she would miss her stop D．she didn’t have to stand for the rest of the train journey 2．Piya found that the tea or chai she had drunk in India ________. A．was disappointingly weak in taste B．reminded her of her home in Seattle C．would have tasted better if served fresh D．was preferable to the chai she had had before 3．When Piya first saw the man she thought that ________. A．he was someone who was observant of surroundings B．he seemed to think he was better than other people C．he had tried to keep his distance from his fellow passengers D．he had been looking for someone he knew on the station platform 4．Piya asked “But how did you guess?” in order to _________. A．find out what the man really thought about Americans B．try to calm the situation down by starting a conversation C．ensure the man realized that she had apologized D．make sure the man knew he was being rude Passage 3 Some things we cannot copy where I live. We will never celebrate Christmas inside a picture postcard. We have no winter wonderland, though once, inspired by a snowfall seen on the black-and-white television, I did collect some ice from the inside of the freezer to throw at my brother. By the time I got to him, all I had was a handful of rain. What we do have is electricity. As long as the Tennessee Valley Authority can light up the southern night with strands of color, shining from every house and mobile home, they can have their white Christmas. I have seen lights wrapped around mailbox posts. In the country, you need a whole lot of extension cord (电缆) to electrify a mailbox. I have seen them strung across the Peterbilt trucks. My mother never takes down her lights, strung on a cedar beam (雪松木梁) in the living room, though she does unplug them. The rich folks have switched to white lights, a lot of them, to be elegant. But it will always be lights of color, shining through a night which smells of woodsmoke, that mean Christmas to me. I find it especially hard not to live in the past at this time of year, when I would do anything to see the world like a child again. It is why I fill the refrigerator every December with chocolate-covered cherries and watch, for the hundredth time, those 50-year-old Christmas specials about Santa Claus. It is important that some things stay the same — that, at some point this season, someone will say, “We’re going to look at Christmas lights. Do you want to come?” I go sometimes and sometimes just say no. It is enough to know someone is going. I have a fine memory of the lights; I do not want it to grow less than it was by putting on it new lights bought at Walmart. 1．What is the primary feature that the author values about Christmas in their location? A．Snow-covered landscapes. B．Traditional winter wonderland scenes. C．Colorful Christmas lights. D．Cedar beams in living rooms. 2．By saying “What we do have is electricity.”, the author means electricity can _______. A．bring convenience to his life B．create a Christmas atmosphere C．generate warmth in harsh winter D．save cord to power a mailbox 3．How do the rich folks differ from others in terms of Christmas lights? A．They prefer white lights for elegance. B．They use fewer lights for simplicity. C．They avoid using extension cords. D．They rely on woodsmoke for lighting. 4．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．He takes delight in bidding farewell to the past. B．He gets fed up with looking at Christmas lights. C．He dislikes the color options available at Walmart. D．He feels relieved that Christmas lights tradition is preserved. Passage 4 The Merci Train On February 3,1949, New York Harbor (纽约港) was an exciting place. Airplanes flew overhead. Horns blew. Small boats circled in the water. Crowds cheered from the harbor. They were there to greet a ship. On board were 49 railroad boxcars filled with gifts from the French to the Americans. There was one boxcar for each of the existing 48 states and one to be shared by Columbia and Hawaii. These boxcars became known as the Merci Train. Following the end of World War II, France was almost in ruin. Factories, roads, bridges, and farms had been destroyed by bombings. Many French had little to wear and little to eat. In the winter of 1947, Americans set out to help. A train was sent across the US, stopping in cities and towns along the way. At every stop, people gave whatever they could. Factories gave goods, clothing, and medicines. Grocers and farmers gave food. The train’ s contents were then shipped to France. By 1949, the impact of the war had faded away. The Merci Train was their way of saying “thank you” to America for the help they had needed desperately. French citizens had filled the boxcars with gifts like hand-made dolls, children’s drawings, even wedding dresses. The people sent the most treasured things that had not been lost in the war. But the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most meaningful. On each, the French had painted the coats of arms of all their 40 provinces. These boxcars, which had once been used to move soldiers into battle, would never again be used for war. The boxcars were then delivered by rail from New York to each state. Both children and adults waited eagerly for the Merci Train to arrive. Everyone wondered what their state’ s boxcar would contain. When the boxcars arrived and the contents were displayed, there were celebrations everywhere. Speeches were given, parades were held, and the news of the event was broadcast. A number of the states kept their wonderful boxcars. Some have been carefully maintained and can be visited. Gifts can still be seen at state museums and historical societies. The Merci Train came out of the ruins of war, but it is a reminder of international goodwill. 1．The author attracts the reader’s interest in the first paragraph by ________. A．introducing an unfamiliar object B．including the names of specific places C．using descriptive language to set the scene D．presenting a controversial statement 2．According to the passage, the purpose of the train stopping in cities across America in1947 was to ________. A．collect donations B．gather soldiers for battle C．show museum exhibits D．display factory products 3．The arrival of the Merci Train in America signaled that France was ________. A．fascinated by the railway station B．competing with the Americans C．interested in learning about America D．recovering from the effects of the war 4．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A．These wonderful boxcars will be exhibited globally. B．The Merci Train shows friendship between France and America. C．The exchange between France and America solved most war-related problems. D．The donations from America to France came mostly from the rich. Passage 5 One of the advantaged of social media is that we get to see aspects of people’s lives that can be rather surprising. In fact, some of the videos that get shared remind us of the many hidden— and not-so-hidden — talents that are out there. Recently a video was shared of a construction worker taking a break and treating his co-workers to a beautiful musical interlude (插曲) in their busy day. Archive could, a painter working for a specialized painting company in Edmonton, was carrying out a job in front of a library. Looking in the window, one of his workmates noticed there was a public piano inside. Gould explained to CTV News that his workmates were aware that he’d played the piano for years, but he’d never been able to showcase his talents. Therefore on the first day on site, could sat down in his paint-stained work clothes to play for his workmates. “It was so heart melting. I love classical music to begin with. Seeing him playing exceptionally well, I was totally touched,” his work mate, Kerrie bates, shared her reaction to Gould’s performance. As for could, he was also delighted to have the opportunity to show his workmates that he was indeed able to play the piano. The performance was shared online, where it notched up an impressive number of views. And could come up with why he thought the video had become so popular, “I think half the reason that the video blew up is that I look like a construction worker. No one expects a construction worker to just demonstrate some classical music like it’s nothing.” However, his performance is not just a lesson in looking beyond a person’s outward appearance, It also reminds us that we should develop our talents gradually and enjoy them as and when we can, While we might not all be able to become professional pianists or singers, there’s so much joy to be had in having a passion and sharing it with others. 1．What role does social media play according to the first paragraph? A．A platform for people to show talents. B．Means of communication and expression. C．Place for people to share common interest. D．A tool to remind us of some important things. 2．How did Kerrie bates react to Gould’s performance? A．She considered it was incredible. B．She thought it held lasting artistic valued, C．She found it was more accessible to workers. D．She believed it deserved a great deal of fame. 3．What does the underlined phrase “notched up” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Reserved. B．Required. C．Convinced. D．Earned. 4．What does Gould’s story convey? A．The early bird catches the worm. B．Never judge a book by its cover. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Nothing is difficult to a willing heart, 话题2 环境保护 Passage 1 Some classrooms in Taft Elementary in California have a common weakness: They don’t have windows. That’s true for Earnest’s fifth grade classroom. “Most of the day, my students are inside and don’t really see any green trees or grass,” Earnest told CBS News. He worries that the dull classroom environment has harmful effects on his students. Rodriguez, a former school psychologist (a professional in school to support students’ learning and teachers’ teaching) and now a photographer, is focusing on landscape photography. He knows clearly the effect which nature has on mental health and told CBS News that the lack of sight of trees or grasses is a problem and being in and around nature does students much good, including helping to improve their test scores and control over moods. Rodriguez had managed to design hospital walls where he could print landscapes to brighten dull rooms. He also attempted to bring nature into classrooms, but his former working experience warned him against touching walls in classrooms, which belong to the teachers. Soon, Rodriguez had an aha moment — to bring landscapes into classrooms through the ceilings! He used his photography skills to take 360-degree shots of tree canopies (树冠) and fitted them onto classroom ceilings. So when the students looked up, they felt like sitting under a tree. He even created a project called “Nature in the Classroom” and has given his photos of tree canopies to schools in 10 different areas for free. CBS News was there when Rodriguez uncovered the canopy to Earnest’s fifth grade students. “Beautiful,” one student said as she entered the room. Another expressed that seeing the green tree leaves brought him peace. Earnest believed that the new addition would increase students’ willingness to come into the classroom, among other great things. “This is a marriage of both my jobs as a school psychologist and a photographer,” Rodriguez said. 1．What makes Earnest worry about his students? A．That they can’t see nature in the classroom. B．That their school is very dully decorated. C．That they don’t have interest in his classes. D．That their love for nature is disappearing. 2．The aha moment in paragraph 3 refers to a moment when Rodriguez ________. A．found the importance of landscapes B．noticed the differences among ceilings C．got a new idea to improve classrooms D．learned ways to take up teachers’ corner 3．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．teachers often have great ideas to deal with classroom walls B．both Rodriguez’s jobs play a significant role in his marriage C．photographers do more good to schools than psychologists do D．Earnest appreciated Rodriguez’s change of classroom ceilings 4．What might be the best title of the passage? A．Mistaking Nature for Furniture B．From Walls to Ceilings C．Bringing Green into Classrooms D．From Psychologist to Photographer Passage 2 When Tom was a child, the river behind his village was his favorite place. He’d swim in its clear water, chase fish, and watch dragonflies dance above the waves. But five years ago, a small factory opened nearby. Waste water from the factory flowed into the river secretly. Soon, the water turned dark green, and a terrible smell filled the air. Fish disappeared, and even the reeds along the bank withered. “I can’t let this happen,” Tom, now a high school student, said to himself. He remembered his science teacher saying that polluted water harms both soil and people’s health. He talked to the village head, showing photos of the river before and after the pollution. The head sighed: “The factory brings income to the village.” Tom didn’t give up. He organized his classmates into a “River Protection Team.” They picked up trash along the river every weekend and put up signs that read “Protect Our River.” They also wrote a letter to the factory owner, attaching their photos of cleaning the river in the rain. At first, the owner ignored them. But when he saw the kids working tirelessly, he finally agreed to install a water treatment system. Three months later, the river began to clear. Last week, Tom saw a group of small fish swimming near the bank. “It’s smiling again,” he thought. 1.Why did the river turn dark green? A. The reeds withered and polluted it. B. The factory poured waste water into it. C. Too many fish died in the river. D. Villagers threw trash into it. 2. What did Tom’s team NOT do to protect the river? A. They picked up trash along the river. B. They put up protective signs. C. They closed the factory with the village head. D. They wrote a letter to the factory owner. 3. The underlined word “withered” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______. A. grew taller B. turned green C. dried up D. spread out 4. What can we learn from the story? A. Factories should never be built in villages. B. Small actions can make a difference to the environment. C. Only students can protect the environment. D. The river was never clean even in Tom’s childhood. Passage 3 As a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place. Her passion to help others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children. Toumi witnessed first-hand the destructive effect of desertification (沙漠化). “Within10 years rich farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks.” A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification. Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to change. She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable (可持续的) crops, using new technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilizers (肥料) rather than chemicals. In 2012, Toumi continued her dream to fight the desert. She moved to Tunisia, and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action. “I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.” By September2016, more than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 percent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. She expects to plant l million trees by 2028. In the next couple of years, Toumi hopes to extend the programme to Algeria and Morocco. 1．How did Toumi’s holiday trips to Tunisia influence her? A．They fired her enthusiasm for helping others. B．They helped her better understand her father. C．They made her decide to leave the country. D．They destroyed her dream of being a teacher. 2．What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisia’s farmland? A．Cold weather. B．Soil pollution. C．Low rainfall. D．Forest damage. 3．Why did Toumi set up Acacias for All in Tunisia? A．To create job opportunities for young people. B．To promote the protection of their farmland. C．To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers. D．To help the children obtain a basic education. 4．Which of the following can be the best title to the text? A．Saving Water in Africa B．Fighting Poverty in North Africa C．Holding back the Sahara D．Planting Trees in Tunisia Passage 4 Last summer, Mia visited her grandparents in a mountain village. She remembered that when she was little, fireflies would dance in the yard every night, like floating stars. But this time, the night was dark and quiet—no flickers at all. “Pesticides (杀虫剂) from the farm killed them,” Grandpa said sadly. The villagers used strong chemicals to protect crops, but the poison seeped into the grass where fireflies lived. Without fireflies, even the crickets (蟋蟀) seemed to sing less. Mia, a 10th-grader, decided to act. She found a science article saying fireflies help pollinate plants and eat pests. She made posters and explained to farmers: “Less pesticides mean more fireflies, and fireflies protect crops too!” At first, the farmers doubted her. But when Mia showed them a video of fireflies eating harmful bugs, they agreed to try natural pest control, like planting marigolds (万寿菊) that repel insects. Three months later, Mia returned. As dusk fell, a tiny light flickered near the grass. Then another, and another. “They’re back!” she cried. Grandpa smiled: “Nature finds its way when we help it.” 1. Why did the fireflies disappear? A. The crickets ate them. B. Strong pesticides killed them. C. They moved to other villages. D. Mia’s grandparents drove them away. 2. What did Mia do to bring back fireflies? A. She planted more crops. B. She used more pesticides. C. She explained fireflies’ role and suggested natural pest control. D. She caught harmful bugs for fireflies. 3. The underlined word “repel” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. A. attract B. kill C. drive away D. feed 4. What can we learn from the story? A. Pesticides are good for all living things. B. Protecting small creatures helps balance nature. C. Fireflies are useless for farmers. D. Villagers should never grow crops. Passage 5 When you are little, it’s not hard to believe you can change the world. I remember my enthusiasm when, at the age of 12, I addressed the people at the Rio Earth Summit. “I am only a child” I told them. “Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this world would be. At school you teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share, not to be greedy. Then, why do you go out and do the thing you tell us not to do? You grown-ups say you love us, but I challenge you, please, to make our actions reflect your words.” I spoke for six minutes and received a standing ovation. Some of the delegates even cried. I thought that maybe had reached some of them, that my speech might actually spur(激励)action. Now, ten years from Rio, after I’ve sat through many more conferences, I’m not sure what has been accomplished. My confidence in the people in power and in the power of an individual’s voice to reach them has been deeply shaken. When I was little, the world was simple. But as a young adult, I’m learning that as we have to make choices - education, career, lifestyle - life gets more and more complicated. We are beginning to feel pressure to produce and be successful. We are taught that economic growth is progress, but we aren’t taught how to pursue a happy, healthy on sustainable way of living. And we are leaning that what we wanted for the future when we were 12 was idealistic and innocent. Today I’m no longer a child, but I’m worried about what kind of environment my children will grow up in. I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what think. I am still deciding how to live my life. The challenges are great, but if we accept individual responsibility and make sustainable choices, we will rise to the challenges, and we will become part of the positive tide of change. 1．The purpose of what the speaker said at the age of 12 was to ________. A．end poverty and make school beautiful B．end poverty and solve the problems about environment C．find a wonderful place and clean it up D．find environmental answers and keep the words that they always told themselves 2．What does the underlined word “ovation” in the second paragraph refer to ________. A．a long period of laughing B．a warm welcome C．a long period of clapping and applauses D．an expression used for greeting 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．the writer thinks what he thought at the age of 12 is mature. B．the writer’s children will certainly live in an ideal environment. C．the writer’s confidence in the people in power has deeply shaken their voice. D．the writer’s belief does not change when he grows up. 话题3 人与自我 Passage 1 A Pilgrimage to Mont Blanc It was on a grey winter’s day in my parents’ house outside Glasgow that I first suggested Mont Blanc in summer. I knew I should make more effort to spend time with my 74-year-old dad, but what I was proposing at his age was a risk. A ten-day hike around one of Europe’s highest mountains seemed a little extreme. “Old age doesn’t come alone,” he replied, implying the memory loss from a recent life-threatening stroke. Yet, to stir memory in long-forgotten footprints seemed like the right thing to do. We booked a flight, and four months later, arrived in the shadow of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, France. That first sunlit afternoon, it was instantly obvious that we had made the right decision. The pathway ahead was quiet. Quick-footed hikers walked past us, eyes focused on a ridge (山脊) that marched south to the Italian border. But there was no sign of worry on my hiking partner’s brow. Only determination. My dad’s accounts of his time in the mountains remain among the defining stories of my childhood. The first time it left its mark on me was when I uncovered a junk box full of projector slides taken in the summer of 1970, when he and two of his friends completed a previously untried route up the overwhelmingly dangerous North Face of the Eiger in Switzerland. That was now more than half his lifetime ago. And, yet, here we were, marching side by side around the Mont Blanc, tracing an invisible route with our fingers over the same harsh summits he had conquered long ago. What I had always seen as an obsession with the mountains revealed itself to be a bond that I never knew we had. By the end of the week, I sensed we may have achieved what we both had thought impossible. We made our final push towards the Col du Brévent above the Chamonix valley. We climbed up into a narrow world of stone, meeting Mont Blanc face on. To capture the moment, I took a photo, but only then did it dawn on me that it was nearly the same composition as on a slide I had first seen in one of those junk boxes. There was that smile, those eyes fixed on the horizon, the beautiful Alpine ridges of Mont Blanc crowding out the background. For a split second, it looked as if nothing had changed. 1．According to the article, what mainly motivated the author to take his father on a hike around Mont Blanc? A．His father’s old age and poor health. B．His father’s memory loss from a stroke. C．His dream of traveling with his father again. D．His wish to visit one of Europe’s highest mountains. 2．What can we learn about the hike around Mont Blanc from the article? A．They passed through three countries in ten days. B．The author’s father was initially confident of doing it. C．It changed the author’s attitude towards his father’s hobby. D．It brought back the pleasant memories of the author’s father. 3．According to the article, which of the following best describes the author’s father? A．A hopeless patient. B．An adventurous climber. C．A responsible father. D．An appreciative photographer. 4．What did the author realize after taking the family picture? A．It was never too late to accompany his father. B．He and his father changed with time passing by. C．Everything changes with time except the mountains. D．The father’s passion for the mountains didn’t fade with age. Passage 2 When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee. 74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired. Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags. “My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.” “The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee. If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen($2.8). 1．Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word“blunder”in the second paragraph? A．mistake B．show C．mixture D．brand 2．Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee? A．A woman bearing a baby. B．A student having trouble with sleep. C．A cleaner working on a day shift. D．A young lady sick of garlic. 3．Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee? A．It is caffeine-free. B．Garlic powder dissolves in water. C．The burnt garlic creates bitterness. D．It is an improvement on a garlic dish. 4．Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai? A．venturous and greedy B．innovative and perseverant C．hardworking and cautious D．observant and helpful Passage 3 I’m Jack, a sophomore whose life flipped upside down last month.​ Weekdays once hummed with routine: 6:30 a.m. alarms, Mom’s blueberry oatmeal, biking to school past dog walkers. English with Ms. Hernandez was my anchor — her tattered To Kill a Mockingbird taught me stories reveal truths. After school, basketball glued me to Tyler, my best friend; we dreamed of regional finals glory.​ Then Mom texted during class: Dad’s in the hospital, heart attack. He’d be out of work for months, and his mechanic shop paid our bills. I quit the team for a 5 a.m. grocery store job. Tyler yelled, “We’re two weeks from finals!” We stopped speaking.​ Now I stock shelves till 7:30, bike to school reeking of detergent, then rush to the hospital. Dad jokes about my “fancy job” while I read him sports news, but by 8 p.m., I’m too drained for homework. Grades slipped; Ms. Hernandez noticed, but pride silenced me.​ Last Saturday, Dad and I watched our team lose the finals. Tyler, off his game, missed the winning layup (上篮) — staring into the camera like he sought me. “Basketball’s about showing up,” Dad said.​ This morning, I texted Tyler: Sorry. Talk? I told Ms. Hernandez everything. “Detours teach you to keep going,” she said, giving me her Mockingbird. Tyler held a ball at his locker: “Coach saved your spot.” The trophy can wait. Some things — friendship, finding yourself — are worth the mess.​ 1．What changed Jack’s routine last month? A．He failed the English exam. B．His father had a heart attack. C．He quit the basketball team. D．His family moved to a new place. 2．Why did Jack stop speaking to Tyler? A．Tyler laughed at his part-time job. B．They argued about the regional finals. C．Jack quit the team before the important game. D．Tyler missed the winning layup in the finals. 3．What can we learn about Ms. Hernandez? A．She is strict with her students. B．She gave Jack a new storybook. C．She noticed Jack’s falling grades. D．She forced Jack to talk about his problems. 4．What does the underlined word “Detours” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Unexpected difficulties. B．Interesting experiences. C．Important decisions. D．Wonderful dreams. Passage 4 “I’m going to fail!” My best friend cried. She and I had this conversation almost every day while we were in high school. The truth was that my friend never failed in any subjects. I just think that she can’t accept failures because she lives her life as a perfectionist (完美主义者). What she fails to understand is that a lot of good can come from failures. For example, failure can help build relationships. Once I was cooking dinner for a friend, I was tired, and several dishes I tried to make turned out bad. I grew more and more upset until my friend told me that I shouldn’t worry. She cared more about our friendship than the dishes. That day, I learned that failure doesn’t always make people dislike you. In fact, after she said those words to me, I grew closer to her. Failure can make success evermore exciting. Every few years, there would be an important test in the PE class at our school. Students had to run a mile within eight minutes. I was never good at running, so I failed every time until the third year at school. Then I began working out regularly, and yet still failed that year. A few days later, however, the teacher gave me and some other students another chance to run and I got a pass finally! You can’t imagine how excited I was after that. I felt the memory of the success was as sweet as honey, because I had to overcome failure to reach it. Now it’s clear to see that failure can teach us good lessons. It’s not an end — it can be a beginning. 1．What did the author finally get from a failed cooking? A．Worries. B．A closer friendship. C．Bad feelings. D．More experience. 2．Why did the author feel excited after the running test? A．Because she could work out regularly. B．Because she received honey as a reward. C．Because she achieved success after many failures. D．Because she got another chance to take the test. 3．What does the underlined word “overcome” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Successfully deal with. B．Quickly respond to. C．Narrowly escape from D．Eagerly come up with. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A．to show the negative effects of failures B．to point out her best friends fear of failures C．to introduce different types of failures D．to encourage the readers to face failures bravely Passage 5 Suppose I were to ask you to name some of the greatest nurses that the world has ever known. Chances are you will give me the name of Florence Nightingale, the wealthy woman who gave off her everything to serve the needy people of her time and become a nurse. She’s still pictured today as she was in the Crimean War (克里米亚战争) of 1853, carrying a lamp from sickbed to sickbed where she tended to the wounded, and that is how she earned herself the title of “The Lady With The Lamp”. Born on May 12th, 1820, she was a genius who spoke multiple languages and pioneered the concepts of statistical analysis that are still used today. Her parents were different, too. They were super-wealthy, and actually cared about the education of their two daughters. This came as a surprise because at that time, being born with two X chromosomes (染色体) was the high road to a life full of knitting and taking care of a household but her father was really dedicated to his two daughters. Education for women at that time was still at its earliest but Florence got the best education possible. On February 5, 1837, the teenage Florence declared that she had had a vision and God had commanded her to end suffering in this world and this is when she joined Nursing. Both of her parents disagreed with that, considering that at that time nursing was looked down upon. Florence over the next 12-13 years tried convincing her parents, but they didn’t give in. Aged 29, she even refused suitors (求婚者) to focus on her nursing career which at that time was non-existent. When Florence turned 30, her dad was completely worn out from resisting and then sent her to Germany for nursing training. In 1853 her dream was completely realized and she undertook a job in London at a hospital. 1. Why was Nightingale called “The Lady With The Lamp”? A. She was the greatest nurse in the world. B. She attended the Crimean War in 1853. C. She took a lamp to take better pictures. D. She tirelessly cared for the wounded carrying a lamp. 2. What can be inferred about Nightingale’s father according to paragraph 2? A. He was strict with his two daughters. B. He believed women should stay at home. C. He placed a high value on education. D. He objected to his daughter’s becoming a nurse. 3. How is the passage developed? A. By making comparisons. B. By listing reasons. C. By following time order. D. By listing examples. 4. Which of the following can best describe Nightingale? A. Selfless and determined. B. Caring and mean. C. Serious and stubborn. D. Optimistic and knowledgeable. 话题4 社会发展 Passage 1 Last weekend I visited Rome for the first time. I spent three busy days in the Italian capital, seeing lots of tourist attractions and walking down streets lit with Christmas decorations. Here are the things that I loved most about the city. Rome is one of the most ancient cities in the world and is full of wonderful relics from its distant past. These monuments include the Roman Forum and the vast Coliseum where gladiators used to fight each other until death and hunt exotic animals. The ruins of buildings and temples are fascinating: you can’t quite believe how old they are. I studied the masterpieces of the Renaissance period at university and was very excited to see them in real life. We walked around the museum in Vatican City and saw plenty of famous sculptures. The best part of the visit was, without a doubt, the Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted in the early 16th century by the great Michelangelo. It was so breathtaking that I couldn’t tear my eyes away from it. In Rome, there is a lot of food on offer for tourists but some of it isn’t very good quality. I made an effort to find authentic restaurants to taste the popular meals of the region, like pasta with tomato, onion and bacon. I also loved eating ice cream and hot chocolate under the Christmas lights. Rome has lots of luxury boutiques but also plenty of shops that were more in my price range! It was a perfect opportunity to go and buy presents for my family and friends. There was also a Christmas market, where I bought a sparkly decoration for the tree. I love seeing new places, especially capital cities. I have been very lucky this year because I also visited Amsterdam and New York in the summer. Hopefully I’ll get to travel even more in the future. I would love to see Prague, Budapest and explore other places outside of Europe. Where do you think I should go next? 1．The underlined word “gladiators” in the 2nd paragraph probably means “________”. A．athletes B．butchers C．invaders D．fighters 2．The author found the ruins of buildings and temples fascinating because ________. A．they represent Rome’s religion B．they are relics from Rome’s distant past C．they are modern and fashion D．they include exotic animals 3．What is mainly discussed in the 3rd paragraph? A．The history of Vatican City. B．The life story of Michelangelo. C．The art-related activities during the visit. D．The literature of the Renaissance period. 4．According to the passage, when visiting Rome you should be careful in choosing the ________. A．food B．attractions C．hotels D．luxury boutiques Passage 2 When you step on an escalator, do you stand to one side to let others pass? When someone in the room fans himself with a piece of paper, do you open a window? If you ask someone to hang out with you and they stare at you blankly, do you withdraw the invitation? If you don’t do any of these things, I have some unfortunate news: you cannot “read the air.” Knowing the unspoken rules governing social life requires a comprehensive understanding of your environment, whatever its setting. It’s a skill that’s valuable anywhere in the world, but in Japan, it is elevated to another level. Reading the air — “kuuki o yomu” in Japanese — is a constant exercise. Misreading the air can blow business deals or ruin relationship. Rochelle Kopp, who runs cross-cultural training firm Japan Intercultural Consulting, says that while all nations have varying degrees of indirect communication, in Japan the phenomenon is more prominent in society. For example, if you’re speaking loudly in an otherwise silent train car or talking to a client who has long since lost interest, you risk being labeled KY. It’s a pejorative (贬义的) Japanese slang term that stands for “kuuki ga yomenai,” or “unable to read the air.” A big part of “reading the air” is picking up on non-verbal cues. David Matsumoto, a psychology professor at San Francisco State University, studies micro expressions: tiny involuntary facial expressions that can give away a person’s true emotions. When, for example, a client at work says they’re happy with the job you’re doing, a very subtle lip twitch or eyebrow raise could mean they’re not telling you the truth. Noticing micro expressions, along with other non-verbal communication, is important in any situation, no matter where you are. “Silence is one non-verbal cue. So is shifting of posture. A social smile could be yet another cue,” says Matsumoto. “All of these are part of the non-verbal package that contributes to that contextual meaning.” Matsumoto runs Humintell, a company that provides workshops on how to get better at reading micro expressions and other non-verbal signals. Others provide such services, too; in Tokyo’s Toranomon business district, researcher Kenji Shimizu runs the Institute for Science and Being Sensitive to the Situation. Unlike Matsumoto, Shimizu teaches people how to master micro expressions. Shimizu uses a system developed by U. S. psychologist Paul Ekman, who coined the term and describes the subtle facial changes as “involuntary emotional leakage.” “If you notice someone’s disgust wrinkling around the nose — or anger-brows lowering, eyes widening, lips pressing — and yet those expressions are masked by smiles, you may want to figure out their actual thoughts,” Shimizu says, “and ask them what they really want you to do.” 1．Which of the following is Not the example of “reading the air”? A．When your partner sneezes, you take out a tissue and offer it to him. B．When your boss is about to leave, you hold the door open for him. C．If you invite a friend to a party, he declines in a low voice, so you withdraw the invitation. D．If you assign a task to a coworker, his eyebrows are lowering, so you encourage him. 2．According to the passage, what is the most important contribution factor to “reading the air”? A．Words and physical activities. B．Micro expressions and non-verbal cues. C．Cross-cultural understanding and communication. D．Voluntary facial expressions and emotional leakage. 3．What can you infer from the passage, based on what you have read? A．“Reading the air” is a skill necessary and popular in some parts of the world such as Japan. B．David Matsumoto not only demonstrates the importance of reading the air, but also offers tips to have a good command of it. C．If you take notice of the micro expressions and interpret them in a correct way, it will be easy to figure out people’s real thought. D．Words and actions can be reliable in most cases and help us to make sound judgment. Passage 3 For the past three decades, companies and consumers have benefited from cross — border connections that have helped to maintain a steady supply of electronics, clothes, toys and other goods so abundant that it has managed to keep prices low across the board. However, as the pandemic and the Russia — Ukraine conflict continue to weigh on trade and business ties, that period of plenty appears to be undergoing a partial reversal. Companies are rethinking where to source their products and are stockpiling inventory (库存), even at the potential cost of lowering their efficiency and increasing their operation expense. If the situation lasts for very long, could have important implications for inflation (通货膨胀) and the world economy. American economists are debating whether recent supply chain troubles and geopolitical conflicts will result in a shake-up of global production, in which factories that had previously been sent offshore or areas with fewer tax regulations, move back to the United States or into other more stable countries. If this happens, a decades-long decline in the prices of many goods could come to an end. We may even witness a slide backwards, meaning a potential boost in prices and overall inflation as a result. The period of global integration before the pandemic made many of the things Americans buy cheaper. Computers and other forms of technology made factories more efficient, and they rolled out sneakers, kitchen tables, and electronics at a pace unmatched in history. Companies slashed their production costs by moving factories offshore, where wages were lower. The adoption of steel shipping containers and ever larger cargo ships allowed products to be transported from Bangladesh and China to Seattle and Tupelo and everywhere in between at astonishingly low prices. Those changes, however, had consequences for American factory workers, who saw many jobs disappear. Katherine Tai, the U. S. trade representative, said that, while American consumers have enjoyed the “luxury” of low prices for imported goods for a long time now, the system upon which it was built has always been a very “fragile” one. Americans are not just consumers, but also workers who have to compete in a global marketplace for talent where globalization “has damaged opportunities and wages for average American workers”. “Some returning is occurring — let’s make no mistake about that.” Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala., the Director-General of the World Trade Organization, said in an interview. But the data shows that most businesses are reducing their risk by building up their inventories and finding additional suppliers in low-cost countries, such as Vietnam and Mexico. This process could end up helping more deeply integtate poorer countries in Africa and other parts of the world into the global value chains, said Dr. Okonjo-Iweala. The intertwined trajectory (轨迹) of globalization, low prices, and inflation on the whole will be closely watched by economists over the years to come. “It would certainly be a different world.” Jerome H. Powel, the chair of the Federal Reserve, said when asked about a possible move away from globalization. “It’s not obvious how dramatically conditions will change,” he said. “But it’s clear that it’s slowed down.” 1．Which of the following best fits the blank in Paragraph 2? A．the trend of global integration B．a shift away from fine-tuned globalization C．the benefit of cheap and plenty goods D．an upcoming economic crash 2．Which of the following statement is true about the shake-up of global production? A．A potential decline in prices of goods can be expected. B．American companies may locate their offshore factories in Africa. C．Efficient transportation makes bulk buying convenient for Americans. D．Inflation has a role to play in the shake-up of globalization. 3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 5? A．Katherine Tai takes a neutral position concerning globalization. B．American factory workers face heightened competition from domestic rivals. C．American consumers generally benefited from global integration. D．Exported goods lead to the lower wages of average Americans. 4．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．The Era of Cheap and Plenty May be Ending B．Globalization: Crisis or Opportunities? C．New Winners in the Post-globalization Era D．The Future of Global Economy Passage 4 Tom Belt, a native of Oklahoma, didn't know the English language until he began school. In his home, conversations took place in Cherokee. Belt grew up riding horses, and after college traveled around the country doing the rodeo（牛仔竞技比赛）. Finally, he wound up in North Carolina and married a woman he met at school 20 years earlier. Yet his wife—also Cherokee—did not speak the language. He soon realized that he was a minority（少数）among his own people. At that time, just 400 or so Cherokee speakers were left in the Eastern Band, the tribe（部落）located in the Cherokee's historic homeland. Children were no longer learning the language either. "I began to realize the seriousness of the situation," Belt says. Belt and other concerned Cherokee speakers in the Eastern Band decided to do something about it. Belt volunteered to teach Cherokee lessons at a local school, for example, and finally the tribe decided to create a language immersion school for children, where main classes—including science and math—are taught in Cherokee. Cherokee language is now also offered at the local university, where Belt teaches. "Many Cherokee speakers are using technology to do really interesting things that were not imaginable a generation back," says Mark Turin, a language expert at Yale University. For example, a Cherokee app allows speakers to text in the language's 85 letters. Some Cherokee sites bring speakers together and provide multimedia teaching tools. Thanks to the Eastern Bands efforts, today around 60 of their children can speak Cherokee. Belt, along with many other Cherokee speakers, is not ready to let his language disappear into history—even if the journey toward revitalisation（振兴）is an uphill one. As an elder told Belt years ago: "It's all well and good that you all want to do this, but remember, it wasn't taken away overnight, and you' re not going to revitalize it overnight." 1. What did Tom Belt find out about the Cherokee language? A. It is taught at only a few schools. B. It is disliked by many English speakers. C. It is difficult for children to learn. D. It is in danger of dying out. 2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Why Cherokee was popular in local schools. B. How Cherokee speakers saved the language. C. How Cherokee influenced children's education. D. What made Cherokee more well-known to locals. 3. What plays a role in the success the Eastern Band has achieved? A. Their great imagination. B. Their special teaching methods. C. Their use of technology. D. Their confidence in younger generations. 4. What can we learn from the elder's words in the last paragraph? A. Getting Cherokee back is a long journey. B. Cherokee will disappear slowly. C. Cherokee might become popular someday. D. The loss of Cherokee is simply a fact of life. Passage 5 Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. “In the beginning, I was so paranoid (多疑的) and angry that I couldn’t leave the house,” says Doogue. “When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more and that’s when I started photography. ” Now a dad of two, Doogue found that looking at insects through a camera helped him in ways he could never have imagined and it proved to be the lifeline he needed. It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress; and his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. “I ended up as one of their featured photographers,” recalled Doogue. “It was the peak of my career. It was incredible.” Originally from Salford, Greater Manchester, he now lives in Armadale, West Lothian, Scotland. Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic (流行病) of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. “I think the problem is this man-up approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time,” says Doogue. “This is why I try and be so open about my own experience. Whenever I am out with my camera, I don’t think about my other worries. It is just me and the environment around me. You can lose yourself in a spider making its web.” 1. What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us about Doogue? A. Why Doogue wanted to end his life. B. When Doogue turned photographer. C. How Doogue became depressed. D. Why Doogue took up photography. 2. What causes Scottish men to develop mental health problems? A. The way men employ to solve problems. B. The lack of love for men’s life and work. C. The idea that men are expected to be strong. D. The worry that men get separated from people. 3. How did photography benefit Doogue? A. It helped him to escape from pressure. B. It provided him with life-saving skills. C. It gave him a new way to express himself. D. It offered him an opportunity to explore nature. 4. What is the main purpose of the author in writing the text? A. To warn the seriousness of mental problems. B. To introduce Doogue’s fighting depression. C. To show the benefits of nature photography. D. To advise the readers to get close to nature. 话题5 社会服务 Passage 1 Several women sat outside a green medical building waiting for the mother-to-mother group meeting to start. Each one held a baby clothed in bright colors. They chatted happily while they waited for the rest of the mothers to arrive. The mother-to-mother group would teach them how to give nutritious meals to their children. The mother leading the group, Sein Win Mya, is strong and energetic. She also taught women from nearby villages by using an informative flip chart (活动挂图) provided by Samaritan’s Purse. Her daughter, who is about seven or eight years old, sat among the mothers and their children. She held a 3-year-old boy on her leg to feed him water. Meanwhile, she made a face to make a girl not cry. At the end of the class, she held a sleeping baby. The goal of the mother-to-mother group in Myanmar is to reduce malnutrition (营养不良), thus reducing its effects on a child’s physical and mental development. Cultural practices and traditions in Myanmar encourage mothers to feed young children only white rice which makes them have few micronutrients (微量营养元素) such as iron and vitamins. Sein Win Mya taught women to be leaders through her example — leading her community to richer futures. After the class finished, Sein Win Mya led the women on a tour of the village and to her family’s betel nut field — a local crop similar to the tobacco plant. They passed through farms and palm tree fields that were flooded during the rainy season. Sein Win Mya led them through her prized produce, confidently showing off her beautiful lines of bright green leaves. One older man from Sein Win Mya’s community said that he never dreamed of such a good life. Thanks to Sein Win Mya, his grandson is no longer eating only rice like before and now can eat healthy and nutritious meals. All are Sein Win Mya’s contribution. 1．The mothers gathered together to ________. A．share parenting experiences B．understand the mother-to-mother group C．teach how to provide nutritious food for children D．learn how to provide nutritious meals for their children 2．When Sein Win Mya was teaching, her daughter ________. A．made faces to kill time B．helped care for other children C．listened to what she said carefully D．helped her mother prepare teaching aids 3．The mother-to-mother group aims to ________. A．teach women new cooking skills B．improve women’s education levels C．let the children in Myanmar grow healthily D．help children develop a positive mental attitude 4．Through her example, Sein Win Mya wanted more women ________. A．to learn more new survival skills B．to educate their children correctly C．to use their creativity to plant new crops D．to lead their communities to better futures Passage 2 Wang Fuman is a 10-year-old student. He is now studying in Zhuanshanbao Primary School in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province. On Monday morning (January 8, 2018), he braved -9℃ weather to travel over an hour to reach his school. When he arrived, his hair and eyebrows had been completely frozen with snowflake (雪花). This made his 16 classmates laugh a lot. Fu Heng, Wang’s teacher saw this and took a picture. He uploaded (上传) Wang’s picture. The picture soon has got much attention to children from poor families in the countryside. Wang, who has been nicknamed “Snowflake Boy” by netizens (网友), became famous online overnight. By Wednesday morning, his picture had been “liked” more than 260,000 times on Sina Weibo and shared more than 40,000 times. After hearing Wang’s story, the Yunnan China Youth Development Foundation held a public donation (捐赠) activity for children from poor families. The Foundation has promised to give each poor child 500 yuan ($75) to help them stay warm in winter. By 1 pm on Wednesday, the Foundation had collected about 300,000 yuan in public donations, according to their website. Wang’s village now has electricity and tap water, “…and my family is getting help to build a new house close to the school”, Wang said, “I think our life will get better.” 1．What was the weather like on Monday morning? A．Snowy and cold. B．Rainy and cold. C．Snowy but warm. D．Rainy but warm. 2．Why did the classmates laugh when Wang entered the classroom? A．Because he lost his books . B．Because he told a joke. C．Because he looked funny. D．Because he was late. 3．The Foundation held a public donation to help the poor children ________. A．stay happy B．keep healthy C．stay educated D．keep warm in winter 4．What can we know from the text? A．Zhaotong’s weather in winter is warm. B．Wang’s future life may become better. C．Wang’s village had electricity before. D．Few people shared the boy’s picture Passage 3 Florence Nightingale was born in 1820 into a very rich family. As a child, she was home-schooled by her father. As Florence grew up and became a young woman, she decided she wanted to train to become a nurse. In 1853, the Crimean War started, and soon many injured British soldiers were suffering in terrible conditions. Florence, now a trained nurse, was asked to go to Crimea to help. She agreed and was sent to Barrack Hospital. Once there, Florence saw thousands of sick and wounded men, and there were not even enough beds for all of them. The hospital was dirty, smelly and full of mice. A lot of the men were dying from diseases they had caught in the hospital. At first, all Florence and the other nurses were allowed to do was to clean. They were not allowed to nurse the sick men. But as more and more sick and injured soldiers started to arrive, the doctors were forced to ask Florence for help. Florence and her team were very serious about their work and they all wore the same uniform. Thanks to their efforts, the hospital was cleaner and healthier for the sick soldiers, who thought Florence was a very special lady for what she had done for them. When Florence arrived home, she was a heroine. The people loved her and she became very famous. She had songs written about her and received lots of awards (奖), even one from the Queen herself. But Florence didn’t like being famous and was only interested in improving more and more hospitals. She wrote letters to hospital managers all around England to put pressure on them to change their hospitals for the better. Florence even set up her own training school for nurses, at Saint Thomas Hospital in London. Florence will always be remembered for changing the health system forever. 1．What happened to Florence when she was a child? A．She lived an unhappy life. B．She was taught to be a doctor. C．She was educated at home. D．She suffered from a terrible illness. 2．Why did Florence go to Crimea? A．She had to work there. B．She wanted to be a soldier. C．She needed to see a doctor. D．She was sent there to train soldiers. 3．What did Florence do at Barrack Hospital when she first got there? A．She learned to be a doctor. B．She nursed sick people. C．She helped doctors do treatment. D．She did some cleaning. 4．What did Florence do at Saint Thomas Hospital? A．She wrote to sick soldiers. B．She taught people how to be a good nurse. C．She got extra training. D．She improved the hospital’s training system. Passage 4 I was talking to my friend Sandy about our children. Sandy had recently moved into the neighborhood with her four kids: Jane, Joe, Christopher, and her youngest, eighteen-month-old Kim. She seemed happy to have kids nearby, until she saw our dog, Sam. Sam, our shiny black dog, loved to play with the kids and protect them. But Sandy had a fear of dogs, and she started to back away as Sam approached. I grabbed Sam’s collar and made him sit, trying to ease Sandy’s discomfort. Sandy mentioned that she needed to get her kids ready to go to their grandmother’s house. Just then, her door opened and her kids rushed out. Sandy shouted at them to stay away from Sam. The kids huddled (蜷缩) around their mom, looking at Sam cautiously (谨慎地). Emma, my daughter showed the kids how to approach a dog slowly and properly. The kids were won over by Sam’s friendly nature, but I knew it would take some time for Sandy to change her viewpoint. After that incident, we made sure that Sam didn’t go near our neighbors without me present. One day, when the kids were playing across the street. I noticed the eighteen-month-old baby heading towards a small hill. I saw a car approaching and shouted to everyone to watch the baby. Without hesitation, Sam rushed out the door and ran across the street towards the baby. He ran to the boy in time to gently push the baby away from the oncoming car. The kids cheered, completely unaware of the danger. They thought Sam had come to play. Within a year, Sam had made friends with all the neighbors. Even Sandy started to warm up to Sam and would occasionally come over to give him a hug. 1．How did Sandy feel when she first saw Sam? A．Excited. B．Amazed. C．Fearful. D．Awkward. 2．What did Sandy’s kids do at the sight of Sam? A．They looked at Sam with watchful eyes. B．They formed a circle to protect their mom. C．They held him by the collar to make him sit. D．They prepared to escape from the dog. 3．How did Sam save Kim from danger? A．By running in front of the car to block it. B．By pushing the baby away from the car. C．By rushing to Sandy’s house to get help. D．By jumping to the front of the coming car. 4．Which of the following can best describe Sam? A．Dangerous. B．Funny. C．Brave. D．Sensitive. Passage 5 When I was six, a new family moved into the house next door. There was a girl, Frances, who was about my age. We became best friends soon. I was too young to notice what was really going on in her life, but my mother did. Mom noticed that Frances never invited anyone into the rooms they lived in. Her mother went off to work very early in the morning and came back looking very tired. And her two older brothers wore dirty clothes and were never at home. Frances was always hungry, and her clothes were often too small. Mom never mentioned anything to me. But she once asked, “Would you mind if I give Frances some of your clothes?” I agreed. Frances seemed very thrilled. Mom began to spend more time with Frances and me. She and I had always done kitchen jobs together, but now the three of us were making biscuits and washing up together. Frances was always willing to help, as long as Mom was there. And sometimes they would just sit together and talk while I was off doing something else. That routine (日常事物) continued until we were both teenagers. But then her mother decided they were moving back to Ireland. We promised to write to each other. One day, my mom called to say that a letter from Frances had arrived. “When I was four, my father died. My mother tried to make money. She ignored me. Your mom saved me. Without her love and attention, I would never have survived (渡过难关) my childhood. I have used your mother’s example as my guide to care for people around me.” My mother taught me many things, but this was her most valuable lesson. Watching her example and seeing the life-changing results were powerful. We will never know how or when our acts of kindness will influence others, but it’s always better to try. 1．What do we know about Frances’ family from Paragraph 2? A．They were unhappy to come to a new place. B．They tried hard to avoid their neighbors. C．They cared little about each other. D．They lived a very difficult life. 2．What does the underlined word “thrilled” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Proud. B．Excited. C．Calm. D．Confident. 3．What does the author try to show through the fourth paragraph? A．Frances was a good helper. B．Frances was used to the routine. C．Frances got on well with the author’s mom. D．Frances was good at doing kitchen jobs. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Teaching by example B．Lifelong friends C．My mom’s life D．Being brave to try 话题6 文学艺术 Passage 1 The summer I was ten, my mother decided to bring us to the world of art. My brother and I were not very excited when we realized what my mother meant. What she meant was not that we could take drawing classes or painting classes but that we would have to spend one afternoon a week with her at the Fine Arts Museum. Before each visit to the museum, she made us read about artists and painting styles. It was almost as bad as being in school. Who wants to spend the summer thinking about artists when you could be with your friends at the swimming pool? First we had to read about ancient Egyptians (古埃及人) and their strange way of painting faces and then go to look at them at the museum. My 12-year-old brother thought this was so funny, but I was not interested. Later we had to learn about artists in the Middle Ages who painted people wearing strange long clothing. We had to look at pictures of fat babies with wings and curly (鬈曲的) hair and with no clothes on flying around the edges of paintings. I certainly couldn’t see what was so great about art. On our last visit to. the museum, something happened when I saw a painting by a woman called Mary. In it, a woman was reading to a child. The colors were soft and gentle, and you could tell by the mother’s expression how happy she was just to be with the child. I couldn’t stop looking at this painting! I wanted to see every painting Mary had ever made! It was really worth looking at so many paintings to find a painter who could interest me so much. 1．What was the writer’s experience in the museum before the last visit? A．She came to feel her mother’s love. B．She liked many paintings. C．She hardly enjoyed herself. D．She could understand the pictures of fat babies. 2．What made the writer go through a change that summer? A．One of Mary’s paintings. B．A strange way of painting. C．Artists in the Middle Ages. D．Her mother’s instruction. 3．From the text, we can see ________. A．the importance of curiosity B．the effect of art C．the value of learning D．the power of family education Passage 2 I used to hate old books. When I say “old books”, I don’t mean classics, though. I mean books with yellow pages, broken spines (书脊) and odd wood- like smells that you need to be careful not to break because they are already so worn down and bring you severe discomfort. One can assume that I didn’t own many old books. I had merely a few here and there that my parents had gifted me, but nothing too special. In the fourth grade, I was ready to explore a new world of reading, one that went beyond the likes of children’s chapter books and teenagers’ topics. Just then, I found my parents old copies of the entire Harry Potter book series. Visually, my parents books were my worst nightmare. I remember thinking to myself that there was no way I would be able to read these books. However, I eventually had to come to terms with the fact that if I wanted to read the series, I would have to read my parents’ copies. And so began the terrible journey of reading seven old books. When it was time for me to read the final copy, I was kind of a changed woman. I still strongly disliked old books, but the plot of the entire Harry Potter series had attracted me so much I had almost entirely forgotten what the books looked like. By the end, I had devoted an entire shelf in my room to the Harry Potter books. Now, I love old books. While the covers are sometimes so worn down that you can barely read the title of the book, you can understand what it’s about anyway. After all, an old book is a representation of generations of readers who have chosen to live in a specific fictional world because the story it contains is just that good. Old books have meaning and I love how much they mean to me now. 1．What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs? A．She felt uneasy about owning old books. B．She had a poor relationship with her parents. C．She grew fondness for reading classics. D．She was often gifted old books by her parents. 2．How did the author feel when seeing her parents’ Harry Potter series in the fourth grade? A．Confused. B．Satisfied. C．Discouraged. D．Astonished. 3．What does the author mean by saying “I was kind of a changed woman” in Paragraph 3? A．She started to enjoy reading fictional books. B．She began to ignore the appearance of the books. C．She accepted putting old books on her shelf. D．She figured out what she truly wanted to read. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．My Passion for Reading B．My Connection With Parents via Old Books C．My Encounter With the Harry Potter Series D．My Journey With Old Books Passage 3 Carnival: One Day in Rio Last year I wont to the Rio de Janeiro Carnival, and it blew my mind. It had been my dream to attend the famous carnival for many years, so I was excited. However, the moment I arrived, I was a little bit nervous because there were so many people on the streets. They say that five or six million people come to Rio during carnival time and about two million of them are on the streets on any given day. Luckily, I had a local guide, my sister’s friend Ronnie. He said he would take care of me and show me all the highlights. He did not let me down. The carnival is most definitely all about the samba. It’s a style of music and dance which has its roots in Africa. Lots of Africans were used as slave labor by the Portuguese when Brazil was being colonized (沦为殖民地), so this mixed culture of African. Latin and European styles is really strong here. Samba music is usually fast and exciting with a lot of drums and harmonic vocals (和声). It’s the kind of music that you can’t help dancing to, and I was learning that as I followed Ronnie through the crowd, my hips and shoulders were swinging (摇摆) almost involuntarily. Ronnie had got us tickets for the samba parade, the symbol of Brazilian culture, inside the Sambadrome where the top samba schools compete for the championship title, but we still had a long way to go through the street parties. He said most people enjoy the carnival by throwing their own parties in the street. About the samba parade, twelve main teams compete for the championship, and if they win, their performance will be talked about for years to come. So, you must be wondering how it was. Well, I’m afraid I can’t tell you. Ronnie and I never made it into the Sambadrome. We spent the day moving from one street party to another. There were more snacks, more drinks and lots of dancing. Do I regret missing the main parade? Not at all. I experienced the carnival like the locals, and it was truly amazing. 1. What made the author tense in the beginning? A. The huge crowd. B. Foreign culture. C. The busy schedule. D. No local guide. 2. What can we learn about samba from the passage? A. It has its origin in America. B. Its music is relaxed and soft. C. It is not to the author’s taste. D. It has a long and mixed culture. 3. The author didn’t regret missing the main parade because ______. A. she befriended some local people. B. she celebrated the festival in a local way. C. she didn’t pay any money for the parade. D. she enjoyed herself by having her own party. 4. What’s the purpose of the passage? A. To recommend a helpful guide. B. To encourage people to learn samba. C. To share an unforgettable experience. D. To tell a painful history of Rio de Janeiro. Passage 4 Zheng Kelu, the Chinese translator of French masterpieces by Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas, Stendhal and Simone Beauvoir, died aged 81 on Sept 20. In his six-decade career, Zheng translated around 60 French literature and social science works, and published 11 monographs and 10 textbooks. Thanks to his endeavors, Chinese readers were able to appreciate many classic French works of literature including Les Miserables, La Traviata and Le Comte de Monte-Cristo. Zheng Kelu was fond of Russian and French literature since high school and later studied French at Peking University from 1957. During the “cultural revolution” (1966-76), he spent more than a year reciting the French-Chinese dictionary, because it was the only learning material available. He was then able to read original French works. In his translation, he dared to use rarely used Chinese characters in a hope to make his readers turn to the dictionary and therefore expand their knowledge and vocabulary. In Zheng’s view, translating practice helped to improve his French language capability, while doing research inspired him on selecting literature works to be translated. Benefiting from his research, he attached great importance to the preface (前言) of his translation so as to help the readers learn about highlights and historical value of the works, and the authors’ writing techniques and motives. He said in an interview with Shanghai Observer in November that the key to a quality translation lies in how to deal with sentence patterns, especially relative clauses that don’t exist in the Chinese language. He emphasized polishing language use and concluded his translating style as brief and fluent while being literarily graceful. 1. What does the underlined word “endeavors” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. translations. B. efforts. C. masterpieces. D. recommendations. 2. What made Zheng Kelu be able to read original French works? A. The “cultural revolution”. B. His fond of French literature. C. The French-Cinese dictionaries. D. His past learning experience. 3. Which words can best describe Zheng Kelu? A. Careful and friendly. B. Proud but brave. C. Determined and ambitious. D. Strict but generous. 4. What can be inferred from Zheng’s view? A. Rarely used Chinese characters must be used. B. It is helpful to present historical value of the works. C. It is important for the translation to be complicated. D. Relative clauses have no effect on a quality translation. Passage 5 With a thirst for a new challenge, I decided to begin my language journey and my only regret is that I didn't start earlier. Since starting to learn, I have made good progress. The Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK) is a test of Chinese language for non-native speakers. In July 2020, I passed my HSK3 exam with a score of 100 percent. I am now almost ready to start HSK5. Learning to speak Chinese isn't as insurmountable as I once thought. When I speak to native speakers in Chinese, they almost always understand me. I also find it not too difficult to remember characters and I am now even able to write over 400 characters. I find studying the language relaxing and worthwhile, particularly writing the characters. The thing I find most challenging is listening since native speakers talk at such a speed. I can't always understand what's been said, but my weekly online language exchanges help with this greatly. Despite my progress, it has still been the challenge I desire and has taken a lot of hard work. Furthermore, there is a long way to go before I reach my goal of fluency. The key to progress is to be patient and persistent (坚持不懈的). The satisfaction that comes from simple things like ordering food in Chinese, buying things on the Internet or communicating with a taxi driver makes all the hard work worth it. My biggest takeaway from learning Chinese is that it's not only doable but can also be enjoyable. Learning Chinese not only helped me in day-to-day life, but deepened my cultural understanding of such a colorful and beautiful country. Considering where I am now, compared to two years ago, as long as I keep studying hard, I can image a time when I'll be able to read famous Chinese novels not in English but in the original text. So, to all my non-Chinese friends, I always say “Don’t give up. Embrace (拥抱) the challenge.” 1. Which one is the most difficult for the author? A. Writing characters. B. Taking part in HSK exams. C. Listening to the native speaking. D. Speaking to a taxi driver. 2. What does the underlined word “insurmountable” mean in paragraph 2? A. Easy to upset. B. Possible to change. C. Comfortable to study. D. Hard to overcome. 3. Why does the author think learning Chinese is satisfying? A. It can make the author proud. B. It makes the author know more Chinese. C. It can be useful in daily life. D. It makes the author more competitive. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Passing exams isn't a piece of cake B. Learning Chinese isn't unbeatable C. Explore the historical and cultural country D. Deepen understanding of Chinese culture 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前押题01 阅读理解记叙文常考话题 话题1 人与社会 话题4 社会发展 话题2 环境保护 话题5 社会服务 话题3 人与自我 话题6 文学艺术 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 人与社会 Passage 1 In winter, Harnmerfest is a thirty-hour ride by bus from Oslo, though why anyone would want to go there in winter is a question worth considering. It is on the edge of the world, the northernmost town in Europe, as far from London as London is from Tunis, a place of dark and fierce winters, where the sun sinks into the Arctic Ocean in November and does not rise again for ten weeks. I wanted to see the Northern Lights. But now as I picked my way through Osto in late December, I was beginning to have my doubts. Things had not started well. I had overslept at the hotel, missing breakfast, and had to leap into my clothes. I couldn’t find a taxi and had to drag my overweight bag eight blocks to the central bus station. I had had huge difficulty persuading the staff at the Kreditkassen Bank on Karl Johans Gate to cash sufficient traveler’s cheques to pay the 1,200-kroner bus fare — they simply could not be made to grasp that the William McGuire Bryson on my passport and the Bill Brvson on my traveler’s cheques were both me — and now here I was arriving at the station two minutes before departure, and the girl at the ticket counter was telling me that she had no record of my reservation. “This isn’t happening,” I said. “I’m still at home in England enjoying Christmas.” Actually, I said, “There must be some mistake. Please look again.” The girl studied the passenger list. “No, Mr. Bryson, your name is not here.” But I could see it, even upside-down. “There it is, second from the bottom.” “No,” the girl decided, “that says Bernt Bjornson. That’s a Norwegian name.” “It doesn’t say Bernt Bjornson. It says Bill Bryson. Look at they, the two l’s. Miss, please,” But she wouldn’t have it. “If I miss this bus, when does the next one go?” “Next week at the same time.” Oh, splendid. “Miss, believe me, it says Bill Bryson.” “No, it doesn’t.” “Miss, look, I’ve come from England. I’m carrying some medicine that could save a child’s life.” She didn’t buy this. “I want to see the manager.” “He’s in Stavanger.” “Listen, I made a reservation by telephone. If I don’t get on this bus, I’m going to write a letter to your manager that will cast a shadow over your career prospects for the rest of this century.” This clearly did not alarm her. Then it occurred to me. “If this Bernt Bjornson doesn’t show up, can I have this seat?” “Sure.” Why don’t I think of these things in the first place? “Thank you,” I said. 1．What can be learned from the passage about Hammerfest? A．It is located in the South of the city of Oslo. B．It is where the Northern Lights can be seen. C．It is known as a town without sufficient power supply. D．It remains in the darkness from November till next March. 2．The writer got to the station just two minutes before the train departed because he spent much time ________. A．cashing his traveler’s cheques B．packing everything into his luggage C．waiting for a taxi to send him there D．choosing suitable clothes to wear 3．By “Oh, splendid”, the writer meant that he actually felt ________. A．puzzled B．amazed C．worried D．relieved 4．Why did the writer say he was carrying some medicine and he would write to the manager? A．To tell the girl what he really wanted to do. B．To show the girl how angry he was with her. C．To warn the girl of the potential consequences. D．To persuade the girl to allow him onto the bus. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为了去Hammerfest看北极光，在出发前遇到的一系列波折，包括在银行兑换旅行支票的困难以及在车站差点错过巴士的经历。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is on the edge of the world, the northernmost town in Europe(它位于世界的边缘，是欧洲最北端的城镇)”和第二段中“I wanted to see the Northern Lights.(我想去看北极光)”可知，Hammerfest是欧洲最北端的城镇，是作者去看北极光的目的地。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“I had had huge difficulty persuading the staff at the Kreditkassen Bank on Karl Johans Gate to cash sufficient traveler’s cheques to pay the 1,200-kroner bus fare(我费了好大的劲才说服卡尔·约翰斯门的Kreditkassen银行的工作人员兑换足够的旅行支票来支付1200克朗的车费)”可知，作者花了很长时间兑换旅行支票，所以他在火车出发前两分钟才赶到车站。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据上文“‘If I miss this bus, when does the next one go?’ ‘Next week at the same time.’ (“如果我错过这班车，下一班是什么时候?”“下周同一时间。”)以及下文“‘Miss, believe me, it says Bill Bryson.’ ‘No, it doesn’t.’”(“小姐，相信我，上面写的是Bill Bryson。”“不，不是。”)”可知，作者错过这班车就要等下周同一时间的下一班车，所以当得知下一班车的时间时，作者很无奈，觉得很糟糕，因此“Oh, splendid”实际上是作者表达担忧的情绪。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第六段“‘Miss, look, I’ve come from England. I’m carrying some medicine that could save a child’s life.’ She didn’t buy this. ‘I want to see the manager.’ (“小姐，看，我从英国来。我带着一些能救孩子命的药。”她不相信。“我想见经理。”)”、倒数第五段“He’s in Stavanger. (他在斯塔万格) ”和倒数第四段中“Listen, I made a reservation by telephone. If I don’t get on this bus, I’m going to write a letter to your manager that will cast a shadow over your career prospects for the rest of this century. (听着，我是打电话预订的。如果我上不了这班车，我就给你经理写一封信，这封信会在这个世纪剩下的时间里给你的职业前景投下阴影)”可知，作者说带着能救孩子命的药以及要给经理写信都是为了说服售票员让他上车。故选D项。 Passage 2 The train was at a standstill, some twenty minutes outside Kolkata, when an unexpected stroke of luck presented Piya with an opportunity to go for a seat beside a window for some fresh air. She had been sitting in the stuffiest part of the train compartment, on the edge of a bench: now, moving to the open window, she saw that the train had stopped at a station called Champahati. Looking over her shoulder, Piya spotted a tea-seller on the platform. Reaching through the bars of the window, she called him with a wave. She had never cared for the kind of chai, Indian tea, sold in Seattle, her hometown in the USA, but somehow, in the ten days she had spent in India she had developed an unexpected taste for milky, overboiled tea served in earthenware cups. There were no spices in it for one thing, and this was more to her taste than the chai at home. She paid for her tea and was trying to get in the cup through the bars when the man in the seat opposite her own suddenly turned over a page, jolting her hand. She turned her wrist quickly enough to make sure that most of the tea spilled out of the window, but she could not prevent some from spilling over his papers. “Oh, I’m so sorry!” Piya was very embarrassed: of everyone in the compartment, this was the last person she would have chosen to injure with her tea. She had noticed him while waiting on the platform in Kolkata and she had been struck by the self-satisfied tilt of his head and the way in which he stared at everyone around him, taking them in, sizing them up, sorting them all into their places. “Here,” said Piya, producing a handful of tissues. “Let me help you clean up.” “There’s nothing to be done,” he said testily (暴躁地). “These pages are ruined anyway.” For a moment she considered pointing out that it was he who had knocked her hand. But all she could bring herself to say was, “I’m very sorry. I hope you’ll excuse me.” “Do I really have a choice?” he said. “Does anyone have a choice when they’re dealing with Americans these days?” Piya had no wish to get into an argument so she let this pass. Instead, she opened her eyes wide and, in an attempt to restore peace, came out with, “But how did you guess?” “About what?” “About my being American? You’re very observant.” This seemed to do the trick. His shoulders relaxed as he leaned back in his seat. “I didn’t guess,” he said. “I knew.” 1．In the first paragraph, Piya was relieved when she got a window seat because it meant that_________. A．there was more room for her luggage B．she no longer had to suffer from a lack of air C．there was less chance that she would miss her stop D．she didn’t have to stand for the rest of the train journey 2．Piya found that the tea or chai she had drunk in India ________. A．was disappointingly weak in taste B．reminded her of her home in Seattle C．would have tasted better if served fresh D．was preferable to the chai she had had before 3．When Piya first saw the man she thought that ________. A．he was someone who was observant of surroundings B．he seemed to think he was better than other people C．he had tried to keep his distance from his fellow passengers D．he had been looking for someone he knew on the station platform 4．Piya asked “But how did you guess?” in order to _________. A．find out what the man really thought about Americans B．try to calm the situation down by starting a conversation C．ensure the man realized that she had apologized D．make sure the man knew he was being rude 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了是美国小姑娘Piya在火车上的一次经历。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The train was at a standstill, some twenty minutes outside Kolkata, when an unexpected stroke of luck presented Piya with an opportunity to go for a seat beside a window for some fresh air. She had been sitting in the stuffiest part of the train compartment, on the edge of a bench, now, moving to the open window, she saw that the train had stopped at a station called Champahati. (火车停在离加尔各答大约二十分钟的地方，这时一个意外的机缘给了皮娅一个机会，她坐在靠窗的座位上呼吸新鲜空气。她一直坐在火车车厢最闷热的地方，坐在长凳边上，现在，她走到敞开的窗口，看到火车停在了一个叫Champahati的车站。)”可知，当Piya找到一个靠窗的座位时，她松了一口气，因为这意味着她再也不用忍受空气不足的痛苦了。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She had never cared for the kind of chai, Indian tea, sold in Seattle, her hometown in the USA, but somehow, in the ten days she had spent in India she had developed an unexpected taste for milky, overboiled tea served in earthenware cups. There were no spices in it for one thing, and this was more to her taste than the chai at home.(她从来没有喜欢过在她的家乡美国西雅图出售的印度茶，但不知何故，在印度的十天里，她意外地喜欢上了用陶杯盛着的煮过的奶茶。首先，里面没有香料，这比家里的茶更合她的口味。)”可知，Piya发现她在印度喝的茶比她以前喝过的茶更美味。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“She had noticed him while waiting on the platform in Kolkata and she had been struck by the self-satisfied tilt of his head and the way in which he stared at everyone around him, taking them in, sizing them up, sorting them all into their places.(她是在加尔各答的月台上等车时注意到他的，他得意洋洋地歪着头，盯着周围每个人，打量着他们，把他们分门别类，给她留下了深刻的印象。)”可知，当皮娅第一次看到这个男人时，她觉得他似乎认为自己比别人好。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段“Piya had no wish to get into an argument so she let this pass. Instead, she opened her eyes wide and, in an attempt to restore peace, came out with, “But how did you guess?”(皮娅不想和别人争吵，所以她就不计较了。相反，她睁大了眼睛，试图恢复平静，说：“但是你是怎么猜到的？”)”以及最后一段“This seemed to do the trick. His shoulders relaxed as he leaned back in his seat.(这似乎奏效了。他向后靠在座位上，肩膀放松了下来。)”可知，Piya问“你是怎么猜的？”的目的是试图通过开始谈话来平息与男子之间紧张的局势。故选B。 Passage 3 Some things we cannot copy where I live. We will never celebrate Christmas inside a picture postcard. We have no winter wonderland, though once, inspired by a snowfall seen on the black-and-white television, I did collect some ice from the inside of the freezer to throw at my brother. By the time I got to him, all I had was a handful of rain. What we do have is electricity. As long as the Tennessee Valley Authority can light up the southern night with strands of color, shining from every house and mobile home, they can have their white Christmas. I have seen lights wrapped around mailbox posts. In the country, you need a whole lot of extension cord (电缆) to electrify a mailbox. I have seen them strung across the Peterbilt trucks. My mother never takes down her lights, strung on a cedar beam (雪松木梁) in the living room, though she does unplug them. The rich folks have switched to white lights, a lot of them, to be elegant. But it will always be lights of color, shining through a night which smells of woodsmoke, that mean Christmas to me. I find it especially hard not to live in the past at this time of year, when I would do anything to see the world like a child again. It is why I fill the refrigerator every December with chocolate-covered cherries and watch, for the hundredth time, those 50-year-old Christmas specials about Santa Claus. It is important that some things stay the same — that, at some point this season, someone will say, “We’re going to look at Christmas lights. Do you want to come?” I go sometimes and sometimes just say no. It is enough to know someone is going. I have a fine memory of the lights; I do not want it to grow less than it was by putting on it new lights bought at Walmart. 1．What is the primary feature that the author values about Christmas in their location? A．Snow-covered landscapes. B．Traditional winter wonderland scenes. C．Colorful Christmas lights. D．Cedar beams in living rooms. 2．By saying “What we do have is electricity.”, the author means electricity can _______. A．bring convenience to his life B．create a Christmas atmosphere C．generate warmth in harsh winter D．save cord to power a mailbox 3．How do the rich folks differ from others in terms of Christmas lights? A．They prefer white lights for elegance. B．They use fewer lights for simplicity. C．They avoid using extension cords. D．They rely on woodsmoke for lighting. 4．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．He takes delight in bidding farewell to the past. B．He gets fed up with looking at Christmas lights. C．He dislikes the color options available at Walmart. D．He feels relieved that Christmas lights tradition is preserved. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对自己居住地圣诞节氛围的感受和回忆，描述了作者在房间里、屋外和看到别人家中的彩灯装饰，以及这些装饰给她带来的温馨和回忆，作者还表达了对过去圣诞节的怀念，尤其是与童年和简单快乐相关的记忆。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“What we do have is electricity. As long as the Tennessee Valley Authority can light up the southern night with strands of color, shining from every house and mobile home, they can have their white Christmas. I have seen lights wrapped around mailbox posts.(我们有的只是电。只要田纳西河谷管理局(Tennessee Valley Authority)能用一缕缕彩光照亮南方的夜晚，让每一所房子和移动房屋都能发出彩光，他们就能拥有自己的白色圣诞节。我看到过邮筒上缠满了灯)”以及第三段“But it will always be lights of color, shining through a night which smells of woodsmoke, that mean Christmas to me.(但对我来说，那永远是五彩缤纷的灯光，闪耀着柴烟味的夜晚，那才是圣诞节的意义)”可知，尽管作者所在的地方没有被雪覆盖的风景或传统的冬日仙境，但人们仍然用彩色圣诞灯装饰他们的家和院子，用以营造节日的氛围，作者对这些灯的详细描述和表达出的喜爱之情表明，彩色圣诞灯是作者所在地区圣诞节所珍视的主要特征。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“What we do have is electricity. As long as the Tennessee Valley Authority can light up the southern night with strands of color, shining from every house and mobile home, they can have their white Christmas. I have seen lights wrapped around mailbox posts.(我们有的只是电。只要田纳西河谷管理局(Tennessee Valley Authority)能用一缕缕彩光照亮南方的夜晚，让每一所房子和移动房屋都能发出彩光，他们就能拥有自己的白色圣诞节。我看到过邮筒上缠满了灯)”可知，作者认为只要电力供应能够点亮每个房屋和移动住宅的彩色灯串，人们就可以拥有他们的白色圣诞节，作者描述了电力如何通过彩色灯串来为圣诞节创造氛围，这表明电力是营造圣诞氛围的关键，因此，作者的意思是电力可以创造圣诞氛围。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The rich folks have switched to white lights, a lot of them, to be elegant.(有钱人为了显得优雅，很多人都改用白色的灯)”可知，有钱人更倾向于使用白色的灯来装饰，以体现他们的品味和优雅。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“It is important that some things stay the same—that, at some point this season, someone will say, “We’re going to look at Christmas lights. Do you want to come?”(重要的是，有些东西保持不变——在这个季节的某个时候，有人会说，“我们要去看圣诞彩灯。”你想去吗？”)”可知，作者看到有些事物保持不变感到欣慰。故选D。 Passage 4 The Merci Train On February 3,1949, New York Harbor (纽约港) was an exciting place. Airplanes flew overhead. Horns blew. Small boats circled in the water. Crowds cheered from the harbor. They were there to greet a ship. On board were 49 railroad boxcars filled with gifts from the French to the Americans. There was one boxcar for each of the existing 48 states and one to be shared by Columbia and Hawaii. These boxcars became known as the Merci Train. Following the end of World War II, France was almost in ruin. Factories, roads, bridges, and farms had been destroyed by bombings. Many French had little to wear and little to eat. In the winter of 1947, Americans set out to help. A train was sent across the US, stopping in cities and towns along the way. At every stop, people gave whatever they could. Factories gave goods, clothing, and medicines. Grocers and farmers gave food. The train’ s contents were then shipped to France. By 1949, the impact of the war had faded away. The Merci Train was their way of saying “thank you” to America for the help they had needed desperately. French citizens had filled the boxcars with gifts like hand-made dolls, children’s drawings, even wedding dresses. The people sent the most treasured things that had not been lost in the war. But the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most meaningful. On each, the French had painted the coats of arms of all their 40 provinces. These boxcars, which had once been used to move soldiers into battle, would never again be used for war. The boxcars were then delivered by rail from New York to each state. Both children and adults waited eagerly for the Merci Train to arrive. Everyone wondered what their state’ s boxcar would contain. When the boxcars arrived and the contents were displayed, there were celebrations everywhere. Speeches were given, parades were held, and the news of the event was broadcast. A number of the states kept their wonderful boxcars. Some have been carefully maintained and can be visited. Gifts can still be seen at state museums and historical societies. The Merci Train came out of the ruins of war, but it is a reminder of international goodwill. 1．The author attracts the reader’s interest in the first paragraph by ________. A．introducing an unfamiliar object B．including the names of specific places C．using descriptive language to set the scene D．presenting a controversial statement 2．According to the passage, the purpose of the train stopping in cities across America in1947 was to ________. A．collect donations B．gather soldiers for battle C．show museum exhibits D．display factory products 3．The arrival of the Merci Train in America signaled that France was ________. A．fascinated by the railway station B．competing with the Americans C．interested in learning about America D．recovering from the effects of the war 4．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A．These wonderful boxcars will be exhibited globally. B．The Merci Train shows friendship between France and America. C．The exchange between France and America solved most war-related problems. D．The donations from America to France came mostly from the rich. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述的是“感恩列车”的历史故事：在二战后，美国向法国伸出援手，帮助法国度过难关。为表达对美国帮助的感激之情，1949年法国向美国赠送了装满礼物的49节铁路货车，被称为“感恩列车”，货车里装满了法国人民精心准备的礼物。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“On February 3,1949, New York Harbor was an exciting place. Airplanes flew overhead. Horns blew. Small boats circled in the water. Crowds cheered from the harbor. They were there to greet a ship. On board were 49 railroad boxcars filled with gifts from the French to the Americans. (1949年2月3日，纽约港是一个令人兴奋的地方。飞机在头顶飞过。号角吹响。小船在水中盘旋。人群在港口欢呼。他们来迎接一艘船。船上有49节装满法国给美国礼物的铁路货车。)”可知，作者在第一段通过描绘场景来吸引读者的兴趣，使用了描述性的语言，这些都是为了设置场景，让读者能够身临其境地感受到当时的气氛。因此，C选项“using descriptive language to set the scene (使用描述性语言来设置场景)”符合语境。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In the winter of 1947, Americans set out to help. A train was sent across the US, stopping in cities and towns along the way. At every stop, people gave whatever they could. Factories gave goods, clothing, and medicines. Grocers and farmers gave food. The train’ s contents were then shipped to France. (1947年冬天，美国人开始提供帮助。一列火车被派往美国各地，沿途在城镇停靠。在每一个停靠站，人们都尽自己所能给予帮助。工厂捐赠物品、衣服和药品。杂货商和农民捐赠食物。火车上的物资随后被运往法国。)”可知，1947年这列火车在美国各地城市停靠的目的是为了收集捐赠物资，以援助法国。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“By 1949, the impact of the war had faded away. The Merci Train was their way of saying “thank you” to America for the help they had needed desperately. French citizens had filled the boxcars with gifts like hand-made dolls, children's drawings, even wedding dresses. (到1949年，战争的影响已经消退。“感恩列车”是他们向美国表示“感谢”的一种方式，感谢美国对他们迫切需要的帮助。法国公民在车厢里装满了礼物，比如手工制作的娃娃、儿童绘画，甚至是结婚礼服。)”可知，“感谢列车”的到来意味着法国已经从战争的阴影中恢复过来，并通过这种方式向美国表示感谢。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The Merci Train came out of the ruins of war, but it is a reminder of international goodwill. (“感恩列车”是从战争的废墟中诞生的，但它提醒我们国际间的善意。)”可知，Merci Train不仅代表了法国对美国的感谢，更象征着法国和美国之间的友谊。因此，B选项“The Merci Train shows friendship between France and America. (Merci Train展现了法国和美国之间的友谊)”符合语境。故选B。 Passage 5 One of the advantaged of social media is that we get to see aspects of people’s lives that can be rather surprising. In fact, some of the videos that get shared remind us of the many hidden— and not-so-hidden — talents that are out there. Recently a video was shared of a construction worker taking a break and treating his co-workers to a beautiful musical interlude (插曲) in their busy day. Archive could, a painter working for a specialized painting company in Edmonton, was carrying out a job in front of a library. Looking in the window, one of his workmates noticed there was a public piano inside. Gould explained to CTV News that his workmates were aware that he’d played the piano for years, but he’d never been able to showcase his talents. Therefore on the first day on site, could sat down in his paint-stained work clothes to play for his workmates. “It was so heart melting. I love classical music to begin with. Seeing him playing exceptionally well, I was totally touched,” his work mate, Kerrie bates, shared her reaction to Gould’s performance. As for could, he was also delighted to have the opportunity to show his workmates that he was indeed able to play the piano. The performance was shared online, where it notched up an impressive number of views. And could come up with why he thought the video had become so popular, “I think half the reason that the video blew up is that I look like a construction worker. No one expects a construction worker to just demonstrate some classical music like it’s nothing.” However, his performance is not just a lesson in looking beyond a person’s outward appearance, It also reminds us that we should develop our talents gradually and enjoy them as and when we can, While we might not all be able to become professional pianists or singers, there’s so much joy to be had in having a passion and sharing it with others. 1．What role does social media play according to the first paragraph? A．A platform for people to show talents. B．Means of communication and expression. C．Place for people to share common interest. D．A tool to remind us of some important things. 2．How did Kerrie bates react to Gould’s performance? A．She considered it was incredible. B．She thought it held lasting artistic valued, C．She found it was more accessible to workers. D．She believed it deserved a great deal of fame. 3．What does the underlined phrase “notched up” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Reserved. B．Required. C．Convinced. D．Earned. 4．What does Gould’s story convey? A．The early bird catches the worm. B．Never judge a book by its cover. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Nothing is difficult to a willing heart, 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位名叫Archive Gould的建筑工人在工作期间，利用休息时间弹奏钢琴，给同事们带来了惊喜和享受的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“One of the advantaged of social media is that we get to see aspects of people’s lives that can be rather surprising. In fact, some of the videos that get shared remind us of the many hidden— and not-so-hidden — talents that are out there.(社交媒体的一个优势是，我们能够看到人们生活中那些可能相当令人惊讶的方面。事实上，一些被分享的视频提醒我们，世界上存在着许多隐藏或不那么隐藏的人才)”可知，社交媒体为人们提供了一个展示才华的平台。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段““It was so heart melting. I love classical music to begin with. Seeing him playing exceptionally well, I was totally touched,” his work mate, Kerrie bates, shared her reaction to Gould’s performance.(“太让人心动了。我本来就喜欢古典音乐。看到他弹得如此出色，我完全被感动了，”他的同事Kerrie Bates分享了她对Gould表演的反应)”可知，Kerrie Bates认为Gould的表演令人难以置信，非常出色。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“The performance was shared online, where it notched up an impressive number of views.(这段表演被分享到了网上， notched up令人印象深刻的观看次数)”的句子结构可知，“where it notched up an impressive number of views”是定语从句，修饰先行词“online”，且该定语从句中缺少谓语，所以“notched up”在此处作谓语，能够和“views”搭配。根据句意可知，意为“获得了”令人印象深刻的观看次数。选项D“earned”，意为“获得”，符合句意。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章提到Gould穿着沾满油漆的工作服在休息时间弹奏钢琴，他的同事们非常惊讶于他弹得如此出色。Gould认为视频走红的原因是他看起来像个建筑工人，没人期望一个建筑工人能演奏古典音乐。由此推知，Gould的故事传达了不要以貌取人的道理，人们不能仅仅根据外表来判断一个人的能力或才华。故选B。 话题2 环境保护 Passage 1 Some classrooms in Taft Elementary in California have a common weakness: They don’t have windows. That’s true for Earnest’s fifth grade classroom. “Most of the day, my students are inside and don’t really see any green trees or grass,” Earnest told CBS News. He worries that the dull classroom environment has harmful effects on his students. Rodriguez, a former school psychologist (a professional in school to support students’ learning and teachers’ teaching) and now a photographer, is focusing on landscape photography. He knows clearly the effect which nature has on mental health and told CBS News that the lack of sight of trees or grasses is a problem and being in and around nature does students much good, including helping to improve their test scores and control over moods. Rodriguez had managed to design hospital walls where he could print landscapes to brighten dull rooms. He also attempted to bring nature into classrooms, but his former working experience warned him against touching walls in classrooms, which belong to the teachers. Soon, Rodriguez had an aha moment — to bring landscapes into classrooms through the ceilings! He used his photography skills to take 360-degree shots of tree canopies (树冠) and fitted them onto classroom ceilings. So when the students looked up, they felt like sitting under a tree. He even created a project called “Nature in the Classroom” and has given his photos of tree canopies to schools in 10 different areas for free. CBS News was there when Rodriguez uncovered the canopy to Earnest’s fifth grade students. “Beautiful,” one student said as she entered the room. Another expressed that seeing the green tree leaves brought him peace. Earnest believed that the new addition would increase students’ willingness to come into the classroom, among other great things. “This is a marriage of both my jobs as a school psychologist and a photographer,” Rodriguez said. 1．What makes Earnest worry about his students? A．That they can’t see nature in the classroom. B．That their school is very dully decorated. C．That they don’t have interest in his classes. D．That their love for nature is disappearing. 2．The aha moment in paragraph 3 refers to a moment when Rodriguez ________. A．found the importance of landscapes B．noticed the differences among ceilings C．got a new idea to improve classrooms D．learned ways to take up teachers’ corner 3．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．teachers often have great ideas to deal with classroom walls B．both Rodriguez’s jobs play a significant role in his marriage C．photographers do more good to schools than psychologists do D．Earnest appreciated Rodriguez’s change of classroom ceilings 4．What might be the best title of the passage? A．Mistaking Nature for Furniture B．From Walls to Ceilings C．Bringing Green into Classrooms D．From Psychologist to Photographer 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。因为加利福尼亚州塔夫脱小学的一些教室没有窗户，欧内斯特担心这种沉闷的教室环境对学生有害。摄影师罗德里格斯利用自己的摄影技能，将树的树冠的360度照片安装在教室天花板上，让学生们抬头时仿佛坐在树下，欧内斯特认为这一改变会增加学生进教室的意愿等。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段““Most of the day, my students are inside and don't really see any green trees or grass,” Earnest told CBS News. He worries that the dull classroom environment has harmful effects on his students.(欧内斯特告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻频道：“一天中的大部分时间，我的学生都在室内，看不到绿树或草地。”他担心沉闷的教室环境会对学生产生有害影响)”可知，欧内斯特担心他的学生是因为他们在教室里看不到自然景色。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Soon, Rodriguez had an …— to bring landscapes into classrooms through the ceilings!(很快，罗德里格斯有了一个……——通过天花板把风景带入教室)”可知罗德里格斯想到了通过天花板把风景带入教室，可推理出这里的“aha moment”指的是罗德里格斯得到了一个改善教室的新想法。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Earnest believed that the new addition would increase students’ willingness to come into the classroom, among other great things(欧内斯特认为，除了其他好处之外，新的添加物（天花板上的风景照片）将提高学生进入教室的意愿)”可知，欧内斯特认为新的添加物将提高学生进入教室的意愿，可以推断出，欧内斯特很欣赏罗德里格斯对教室天花板的改变。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Some classrooms in Taft Elementary in California have a common weakness: They don’t have windows. That’s true for Earnest’s fifth grade classroom. “Most of the day, my students are inside and don’t really see any green trees or grass,” Earnest told CBS News. He worries that the dull classroom environment has harmful effects on his students(加利福尼亚州塔夫小学的一些教室存在一个共同的弱点：它们没有窗户。欧内斯特的五年级教室就是如此。“一天中的大部分时间，我的学生都在室内，他们真的看不到任何绿树或草地”，欧内斯特告诉CBS新闻。他担心沉闷的教室环境会对他的学生产生有害影响)”以及最后一段“CBS News was there when Rodriguez uncovered the canopy to Earnest’s fifth grade students. “Beautiful,” one student said as she entered the room. Another expressed that seeing the green tree leaves brought him peace. Earnest believed that the new addition would increase students’ willingness to come into the classroom, among other great things. “This is a marriage of both my jobs as a school psychologist and a photographer,” Rodriguez said(当罗德里格斯向欧内斯特的五年级学生展示树冠时，CBS新闻就在现场。“真美啊，”一名学生走进教室时说道。另一名学生表示，看到绿色的树叶让他感到很平静。欧内斯特认为，这个新添加的设计会增强学生们进入教室的意愿，还有其他很多好处。“这是我作为学校心理学家和摄影师两份工作的完美结合，”罗德里格斯说)”可知，文章主要讲述了罗德里格斯通过将树的树冠照片安装在教室天花板上，把自然带进教室的事情。C项“Bringing Green into Classrooms(把绿色带进教室)”能够概括文章主旨，适合用作本文标题。故选C项。 Passage 2 When Tom was a child, the river behind his village was his favorite place. He’d swim in its clear water, chase fish, and watch dragonflies dance above the waves. But five years ago, a small factory opened nearby. Waste water from the factory flowed into the river secretly. Soon, the water turned dark green, and a terrible smell filled the air. Fish disappeared, and even the reeds along the bank withered. “I can’t let this happen,” Tom, now a high school student, said to himself. He remembered his science teacher saying that polluted water harms both soil and people’s health. He talked to the village head, showing photos of the river before and after the pollution. The head sighed: “The factory brings income to the village.” Tom didn’t give up. He organized his classmates into a “River Protection Team.” They picked up trash along the river every weekend and put up signs that read “Protect Our River.” They also wrote a letter to the factory owner, attaching their photos of cleaning the river in the rain. At first, the owner ignored them. But when he saw the kids working tirelessly, he finally agreed to install a water treatment system. Three months later, the river began to clear. Last week, Tom saw a group of small fish swimming near the bank. “It’s smiling again,” he thought. 1.Why did the river turn dark green? A. The reeds withered and polluted it. B. The factory poured waste water into it. C. Too many fish died in the river. D. Villagers threw trash into it. 2. What did Tom’s team NOT do to protect the river? A. They picked up trash along the river. B. They put up protective signs. C. They closed the factory with the village head. D. They wrote a letter to the factory owner. 3. The underlined word “withered” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______. A. grew taller B. turned green C. dried up D. spread out 4. What can we learn from the story? A. Factories should never be built in villages. B. Small actions can make a difference to the environment. C. Only students can protect the environment. D. The river was never clean even in Tom’s childhood. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Tom 和同学通过实际行动促使工厂治理污染、恢复河流生态的故事，强调了个体力量在环境保护中的作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段 “Waste water from the factory flowed into the river secretly. Soon, the water turned dark green” 可知，河水变绿是因为工厂排放废水，故选B。 2．细节理解题。题目要求选出 Tom 的团队没有做的保护河流的行动。根据文章第三段描述，团队的行动包括：“picked up trash along the river（捡河边的垃圾）”、“put up signs that read ‘Protect Our River’（张贴保护河流的标语）”、“wrote a letter to the factory owner（给工厂老板写信）”。选项 C “他们和村长一起关闭了工厂” 在文中从未提及，工厂最终只是安装了污水处理设备，并未被关闭。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。题目要求推测 “withered” 的含义。该词出现在第一段最后一句 “Fish disappeared, and even the reeds along the bank withered”，结合上下文可知，河流被污染后，鱼消失了，岸边的芦苇也受到了影响。根据常识，污染会导致植物枯萎，因此 “withered” 最可能的含义是 “枯萎、干涸”（dried up）。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。题目要求从故事中推断出正确的结论。文章讲述了 Tom 和同学组成 “河流保护队”，通过捡垃圾、贴标语、写信等小行动，最终打动工厂老板安装污水处理设备，使河流逐渐恢复清澈。这一过程体现了 “小行动也能对环境产生影响”。故选B。 Passage 3 As a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place. Her passion to help others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children. Toumi witnessed first-hand the destructive effect of desertification (沙漠化). “Within10 years rich farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks.” A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification. Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to change. She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable (可持续的) crops, using new technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilizers (肥料) rather than chemicals. In 2012, Toumi continued her dream to fight the desert. She moved to Tunisia, and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action. “I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.” By September2016, more than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 percent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. She expects to plant l million trees by 2028. In the next couple of years, Toumi hopes to extend the programme to Algeria and Morocco. 1．How did Toumi’s holiday trips to Tunisia influence her? A．They fired her enthusiasm for helping others. B．They helped her better understand her father. C．They made her decide to leave the country. D．They destroyed her dream of being a teacher. 2．What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisia’s farmland? A．Cold weather. B．Soil pollution. C．Low rainfall. D．Forest damage. 3．Why did Toumi set up Acacias for All in Tunisia? A．To create job opportunities for young people. B．To promote the protection of their farmland. C．To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers. D．To help the children obtain a basic education. 4．Which of the following can be the best title to the text? A．Saving Water in Africa B．Fighting Poverty in North Africa C．Holding back the Sahara D．Planting Trees in Tunisia 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sarah Toumi的成长经历及其为对抗沙漠化、保护突尼斯农田所做出的努力，包括成立Acacias for All项目，种植树木以维护生态平衡，同时也提及了她的个人愿景和项目的发展影响。。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place. Her passion to help others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children. (作为一个在法国长大的年轻女孩，Sarah Toumi梦想成为一名能够让世界变得更美好的领导者。从九岁起，她就在假期陪伴Tunisian父亲前往他在该国东部的出生地，这唤醒了她帮助他人的热情。在那里，她为孩子们组织了家庭作业俱乐部和活动。)”可知，Toumi在Tunisian的假期旅行激发了她帮助他人的热情。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification. (平均降雨量的减少和干旱严重程度的增加导致突尼斯大约75%的农业用地受到荒漠化的威胁。)”可知，导致突尼斯农田沙漠化的主因是降水量减少。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In 2012, Toumi continued her dream to fight the desert. She moved to Tunisia, and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action. “I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.” (2012年，Toumi继续她与沙漠作战的梦想。她搬到了突尼斯，建立了一个名为“Acacias for All”的项目，将她的可持续农业理念付诸行动。“我想向农村地区的年轻人展示，他们可以在自己所在的地方创造机会。没有人比那些生活在没有水的地方的人更能理解荒漠化和气候变化的影响。”)”和第五段中“Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. (Toumi估计需要大约300万棵金合欢树来保护Tunisia的农田。)”可知，Toumi建立Acacias for All的目的是为了推广保护他们农田的行动。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“Toumi witnessed first-hand the destructive effect of desertification (沙漠化).  “Within10 years rich farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor.  I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks.”  A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification. (图米亲眼目睹了沙漠化的破坏性影响。“在10年内，富裕的农民变得更穷，再过10年，他们将变穷。我想阻止撒哈拉沙漠的发展。”平均降雨量的减少和干旱严重程度的增加导致突尼斯大约75%的农业用地受到荒漠化的威胁。)”可知，文章主要讲述了Sarah Toumi为阻止沙漠化进程所做的努力，包括改变农业实践、种植金合欢树等，旨在保护突尼斯的农田免受沙漠化威胁。因此，“Holding back the Sahara (阻挡Sahara)”最能概括文章主题。故选C。 Passage 4 Last summer, Mia visited her grandparents in a mountain village. She remembered that when she was little, fireflies would dance in the yard every night, like floating stars. But this time, the night was dark and quiet—no flickers at all. “Pesticides (杀虫剂) from the farm killed them,” Grandpa said sadly. The villagers used strong chemicals to protect crops, but the poison seeped into the grass where fireflies lived. Without fireflies, even the crickets (蟋蟀) seemed to sing less. Mia, a 10th-grader, decided to act. She found a science article saying fireflies help pollinate plants and eat pests. She made posters and explained to farmers: “Less pesticides mean more fireflies, and fireflies protect crops too!” At first, the farmers doubted her. But when Mia showed them a video of fireflies eating harmful bugs, they agreed to try natural pest control, like planting marigolds (万寿菊) that repel insects. Three months later, Mia returned. As dusk fell, a tiny light flickered near the grass. Then another, and another. “They’re back!” she cried. Grandpa smiled: “Nature finds its way when we help it.” 1. Why did the fireflies disappear? A. The crickets ate them. B. Strong pesticides killed them. C. They moved to other villages. D. Mia’s grandparents drove them away. 2. What did Mia do to bring back fireflies? A. She planted more crops. B. She used more pesticides. C. She explained fireflies’ role and suggested natural pest control. D. She caught harmful bugs for fireflies. 3. The underlined word “repel” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. A. attract B. kill C. drive away D. feed 4. What can we learn from the story? A. Pesticides are good for all living things. B. Protecting small creatures helps balance nature. C. Fireflies are useless for farmers. D. Villagers should never grow crops. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4. B 【导语】文章讲述 Mia 通过倡导自然控虫、保护萤火虫，最终让萤火虫回归的故事，体现了 “保护小型生物对维持生态平衡的重要性”，强调人与自然应和谐共生。 1．细节理解题。题目询问萤火虫消失的原因。根据文章第二段第一句 “‘Pesticides from the farm killed them,’ Grandpa said sadly.” 可知，爷爷明确指出农场使用的杀虫剂导致了萤火虫的死亡。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。题目考查 Mia 为找回萤火虫所采取的行动。根据第三段描述，Mia 的行动包括：① 查找科学文章了解到萤火虫能授粉和吃害虫；② 制作海报向农民解释萤火虫的作用（“Less pesticides mean more fireflies, and fireflies protect crops too”）；③ 建议采用自然防虫方法（如种植万寿菊）。故选C项。 3．词义猜测题。题目要求推测 “repel” 的含义。该词所在句为 “planting marigolds that repel insects”，结合上下文可知，Mia 建议用自然方法替代农药来控制害虫，因此万寿菊的作用应与 “驱虫” 相关。“repel” 意为 “驱赶”，与选项 C “drive away” 含义一致。故选C项。 4.推理判断题。题目要求从故事中推断出正确的结论。文章讲述了 Mia 通过保护萤火虫（小型生物），不仅让萤火虫回归，还帮助农民实现了生态防虫，体现了 “保护小型生物有助于维持自然平衡” 的道理。故选B项。 Passage 5 When you are little, it’s not hard to believe you can change the world. I remember my enthusiasm when, at the age of 12, I addressed the people at the Rio Earth Summit. “I am only a child” I told them. “Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this world would be. At school you teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share, not to be greedy. Then, why do you go out and do the thing you tell us not to do? You grown-ups say you love us, but I challenge you, please, to make our actions reflect your words.” I spoke for six minutes and received a standing ovation. Some of the delegates even cried. I thought that maybe had reached some of them, that my speech might actually spur(激励)action. Now, ten years from Rio, after I’ve sat through many more conferences, I’m not sure what has been accomplished. My confidence in the people in power and in the power of an individual’s voice to reach them has been deeply shaken. When I was little, the world was simple. But as a young adult, I’m learning that as we have to make choices - education, career, lifestyle - life gets more and more complicated. We are beginning to feel pressure to produce and be successful. We are taught that economic growth is progress, but we aren’t taught how to pursue a happy, healthy on sustainable way of living. And we are leaning that what we wanted for the future when we were 12 was idealistic and innocent. Today I’m no longer a child, but I’m worried about what kind of environment my children will grow up in. I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what think. I am still deciding how to live my life. The challenges are great, but if we accept individual responsibility and make sustainable choices, we will rise to the challenges, and we will become part of the positive tide of change. 1．The purpose of what the speaker said at the age of 12 was to ________. A．end poverty and make school beautiful B．end poverty and solve the problems about environment C．find a wonderful place and clean it up D．find environmental answers and keep the words that they always told themselves 2．What does the underlined word “ovation” in the second paragraph refer to ________. A．a long period of laughing B．a warm welcome C．a long period of clapping and applauses D．an expression used for greeting 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．the writer thinks what he thought at the age of 12 is mature. B．the writer’s children will certainly live in an ideal environment. C．the writer’s confidence in the people in power has deeply shaken their voice. D．the writer’s belief does not change when he grows up. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者12岁时在里约地球峰会上发言，希望大人们能做到在学校教育孩子时的要求，解决贫困问题，找出治理环境的方法，建立一个和平、美丽的世界，他的发言受到各国代表热烈赞扬。十年后作者初衷未改变，从我做起一起改变这个世界。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“I remember my enthusiasm when，at the age of 12,I addressed the people at the Rio Earth Summit. ‘I am only a child,’ I told them. ‘Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this world would be.’ (我还记得我12岁时在里约热内卢地球峰会上向人们讲话时的那种热情。‘我只是个孩子。’我告诉他们。‘但我知道，如果花在战争上的钱都花在消除贫困和寻找环境问题的答案上，这个世界将会变得多么美好。’)”可推断，演讲者在12岁时所演讲的目的是结束贫困和解决环境问题。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线词前半句“I spoke for six minutes (我讲了六分钟)”和后句“Some of the delegates even cried. (一些代表甚至哭了)”可知，作者的演讲受到了与会人员的赞同。由此猜测，他们听完后全场起立鼓掌。所以ovation为“鼓掌”之意。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what I think. I am still deciding how to live my life. (我知道改变是可能的，因为我正在改变，仍在思考我的想法。我还在决定如何生活)”可知，纵使会有再多改变作者仍坚守自己的信念。故选D。 话题3 人与自我 Passage 1 A Pilgrimage to Mont Blanc It was on a grey winter’s day in my parents’ house outside Glasgow that I first suggested Mont Blanc in summer. I knew I should make more effort to spend time with my 74-year-old dad, but what I was proposing at his age was a risk. A ten-day hike around one of Europe’s highest mountains seemed a little extreme. “Old age doesn’t come alone,” he replied, implying the memory loss from a recent life-threatening stroke. Yet, to stir memory in long-forgotten footprints seemed like the right thing to do. We booked a flight, and four months later, arrived in the shadow of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, France. That first sunlit afternoon, it was instantly obvious that we had made the right decision. The pathway ahead was quiet. Quick-footed hikers walked past us, eyes focused on a ridge (山脊) that marched south to the Italian border. But there was no sign of worry on my hiking partner’s brow. Only determination. My dad’s accounts of his time in the mountains remain among the defining stories of my childhood. The first time it left its mark on me was when I uncovered a junk box full of projector slides taken in the summer of 1970, when he and two of his friends completed a previously untried route up the overwhelmingly dangerous North Face of the Eiger in Switzerland. That was now more than half his lifetime ago. And, yet, here we were, marching side by side around the Mont Blanc, tracing an invisible route with our fingers over the same harsh summits he had conquered long ago. What I had always seen as an obsession with the mountains revealed itself to be a bond that I never knew we had. By the end of the week, I sensed we may have achieved what we both had thought impossible. We made our final push towards the Col du Brévent above the Chamonix valley. We climbed up into a narrow world of stone, meeting Mont Blanc face on. To capture the moment, I took a photo, but only then did it dawn on me that it was nearly the same composition as on a slide I had first seen in one of those junk boxes. There was that smile, those eyes fixed on the horizon, the beautiful Alpine ridges of Mont Blanc crowding out the background. For a split second, it looked as if nothing had changed. 1．According to the article, what mainly motivated the author to take his father on a hike around Mont Blanc? A．His father’s old age and poor health. B．His father’s memory loss from a stroke. C．His dream of traveling with his father again. D．His wish to visit one of Europe’s highest mountains. 2．What can we learn about the hike around Mont Blanc from the article? A．They passed through three countries in ten days. B．The author’s father was initially confident of doing it. C．It changed the author’s attitude towards his father’s hobby. D．It brought back the pleasant memories of the author’s father. 3．According to the article, which of the following best describes the author’s father? A．A hopeless patient. B．An adventurous climber. C．A responsible father. D．An appreciative photographer. 4．What did the author realize after taking the family picture? A．It was never too late to accompany his father. B．He and his father changed with time passing by. C．Everything changes with time except the mountains. D．The father’s passion for the mountains didn’t fade with age. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者带着74岁的父亲去攀登勃朗峰的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ ‘Old age doesn’t come alone,’ he replied, implying the memory loss from a recent life-threatening stroke. Yet, to stir memory in long-forgotten footprints seemed like the right thing to do. We booked a flight, and four months later, arrived in the shadow of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, France. (他回答说：“衰老不是独自来的。”他的意思是说，最近一次危及生命的中风导致了记忆力丧失。然而，在被遗忘已久的足迹中唤起记忆似乎是正确的事情。我们订了机票，四个月后，我们到达了法国夏蒙尼的勃朗峰。)”可知，是父亲的中风导致记忆力丧失，促使作者带着父亲去法国夏蒙尼的勃朗峰远足。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“That was now more than half his lifetime ago. And, yet, here we were, marching side by side around the Mont Blanc, tracing an invisible route with our fingers over the same harsh summits he had conquered long ago. What I had always seen as an obsession with the mountains revealed itself to be a bond that I never knew we had. (那已经是他一生的一半了。然而，我们却在这里，肩并肩地绕着勃朗峰前进，用我们的手指沿着一条看不见的路线，越过他很久以前征服过的那些险峻的山峰。我一直认为是对山脉的痴迷，现在却变成了一种我从来不知道我们之间存在的纽带。)”之前作者认为父亲爬山是对山脉的痴迷，而现在变成了他们之间的纽带，可知，作者的这次经历改变了对父亲爱好的认识。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“By the end of the week, I sensed we may have achieved what we both had thought impossible.  We made our final push towards the Col du Brévent above the Chamonix valley. We climbed up into a narrow world of stone, meeting Mont Blanc face on. (到周末的时候，我感觉到我们可能已经完成了我们都认为不可能完成的事情。我们向夏蒙尼山谷上方的布雷文森峰进行了最后的冲刺。我们爬上了一个狭窄的石头世界，与勃朗峰正面相遇。)”作者与父亲完成了不可能的事情，到达了山峰。可知，作者的父亲是勇于冒险的攀登者。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“To capture the moment, I took a photo, but only then did it dawn on me that it was nearly the same composition as on a slide I had first seen in one of those junk boxes.  There was that smile, those eyes fixed on the horizon, the beautiful Alpine ridges of Mont Blanc crowding out the background.  For a split second, it looked as if nothing had changed. (为了捕捉这一刻，我拍了一张照片，但直到那时我才意识到，这张照片的构图与我第一次在一个垃圾箱里看到的幻灯片几乎是一样的。那是微笑，那双眼睛盯着地平线，美丽的阿尔卑斯山脉勃朗峰衬托着背景。有那么一瞬间，一切似乎都没有改变。)”作者觉得一切似乎是没有改变的，与第一次在一个垃圾箱里看到的幻灯片几乎是一样的，可知，作者父亲对登山的热爱仍未改变。故选D。 Passage 2 When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee. 74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired. Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags. “My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.” “The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee. If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen($2.8). 1．Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word“blunder”in the second paragraph? A．mistake B．show C．mixture D．brand 2．Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee? A．A woman bearing a baby. B．A student having trouble with sleep. C．A cleaner working on a day shift. D．A young lady sick of garlic. 3．Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee? A．It is caffeine-free. B．Garlic powder dissolves in water. C．The burnt garlic creates bitterness. D．It is an improvement on a garlic dish. 4．Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai? A．venturous and greedy B．innovative and perseverant C．hardworking and cautious D．observant and helpful 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位74岁的日本老人发明了独特的大蒜咖啡。 1．词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee.”可知，当时他在上菜的时候烧了牛排和大蒜，他被烧焦的大蒜香味所吸引，用勺子把它捣碎，然后和热水混合，由此产生的饮料看起来和尝起来很像咖啡，也就是说大蒜咖啡源于他30年前烧菜时无意中犯的一个错误，并不是有意为之，由此可知画线词词义为“错误”，故A项正确。 2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.”可知，如果你能克服大蒜的香味，那么大蒜咖啡的味道显然很像真正的咖啡，而讨厌大蒜的人不可能克服大蒜的味道，由此可知，讨厌大蒜的年轻女士不适合喝大蒜咖啡，故D项正确。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“To make his dissolvable garlic grounds”可知，大蒜咖啡粉可溶于水；根据倒数第三段中的“It contains no caffeine”可知，大蒜咖啡不含咖啡因；根据倒数第二段中的“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor”可知，大蒜烧焦后的苦味显然有助于产生咖啡般的味道，以上三点都是大蒜咖啡的特点，而没有说它是对大蒜菜的改进，故D项正确。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago”可知，他由30年前烧菜时无意中犯的一个错误而想出了研制大蒜咖啡的想法，这说明他善于创新，根据第三段中的“Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula”可知，他致力于将自己的怪异饮料转变为商业产品，用了多年时间优化配方，这说明他做事持之以恒，由此可知，他具有创新和持之以恒的精神，故B项正确。 【点睛】词义猜测题的难度较大，对画线词上下文的理解是关键，例如本篇第1题，根据画线词后的“when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee.”可知，当时他在上菜的时候烧了牛排和大蒜，他被烧焦的大蒜香味所吸引，用勺子把它捣碎，然后和热水混合，由此产生的饮料看起来和尝起来很像咖啡，也就是说大蒜咖啡不是他刻意研制的，而是源于30年前烧菜时无意中犯的一个错误，由此可知画线词词义为“错误”，故A项正确。 Passage 3 I’m Jack, a sophomore whose life flipped upside down last month.​ Weekdays once hummed with routine: 6:30 a.m. alarms, Mom’s blueberry oatmeal, biking to school past dog walkers. English with Ms. Hernandez was my anchor — her tattered To Kill a Mockingbird taught me stories reveal truths. After school, basketball glued me to Tyler, my best friend; we dreamed of regional finals glory.​ Then Mom texted during class: Dad’s in the hospital, heart attack. He’d be out of work for months, and his mechanic shop paid our bills. I quit the team for a 5 a.m. grocery store job. Tyler yelled, “We’re two weeks from finals!” We stopped speaking.​ Now I stock shelves till 7:30, bike to school reeking of detergent, then rush to the hospital. Dad jokes about my “fancy job” while I read him sports news, but by 8 p.m., I’m too drained for homework. Grades slipped; Ms. Hernandez noticed, but pride silenced me.​ Last Saturday, Dad and I watched our team lose the finals. Tyler, off his game, missed the winning layup (上篮) — staring into the camera like he sought me. “Basketball’s about showing up,” Dad said.​ This morning, I texted Tyler: Sorry. Talk? I told Ms. Hernandez everything. “Detours teach you to keep going,” she said, giving me her Mockingbird. Tyler held a ball at his locker: “Coach saved your spot.” The trophy can wait. Some things — friendship, finding yourself — are worth the mess.​ 1．What changed Jack’s routine last month? A．He failed the English exam. B．His father had a heart attack. C．He quit the basketball team. D．His family moved to a new place. 2．Why did Jack stop speaking to Tyler? A．Tyler laughed at his part-time job. B．They argued about the regional finals. C．Jack quit the team before the important game. D．Tyler missed the winning layup in the finals. 3．What can we learn about Ms. Hernandez? A．She is strict with her students. B．She gave Jack a new storybook. C．She noticed Jack’s falling grades. D．She forced Jack to talk about his problems. 4．What does the underlined word “Detours” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Unexpected difficulties. B．Interesting experiences. C．Important decisions. D．Wonderful dreams. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了杰克因父亲生病生活发生巨变，后重拾友谊和自我的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Then Mom texted during class: Dad’s in the hospital, heart attack. He’d be out of work for months, and his mechanic shop paid our bills. I quit the team for a 5 a.m. grocery store job.(然而，那天妈妈在课堂上发来短信：爸爸住院了，心脏病发作。他将数月无法工作，而他的汽修店是我们家的经济支柱。为了挑起生活的重担，我退出了篮球队，转而在一家杂货店做起了凌晨5点上班的工作。)”可知，杰克的父亲心脏病发作使杰克上个月的生活发生了改变。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“I quit the team for a 5 a.m. grocery store job. Tyler yelled, “We’re two weeks from finals!” We stopped speaking.(我为了在早上5点的杂货店工作而退出了球队。泰勒喊道：“离决赛还有两周！”我们不再说话了。)”可知，杰克在重要比赛前退出了球队，所以杰克和泰勒不再说话了。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Grades slipped; Ms. Hernandez noticed, but pride silenced me.(成绩下滑了；埃尔南德斯女士注意到了，但自尊心让我保持沉默。)”可知，埃尔南德斯女士注意到了杰克成绩下滑。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据上文“I told Ms. Hernandez everything. “Detours teach you to keep going,” she said, giving me her Mockingbird. Tyler held a ball at his locker: “Coach saved your spot.” The trophy can wait. Some things — friendship, finding yourself — are worth the mess.(我把一切都告诉了埃尔南德斯老师。“Detours教会你如何继续前行，”她说着，把她的《Mockingbird》送给了我。泰勒在他的储物柜旁拿着一个篮球：“教练给你留了位置。”奖杯可以等一等。有些东西——比如友谊、自我发现——值得经历这些波折。)”可知，杰克把自己的困难都告诉了埃尔南德斯女士，后者安慰杰克说：“这些困难波折教会你如何继续前行。”故Detours意思是“意外的困难”。故选A。 Passage 4 “I’m going to fail!” My best friend cried. She and I had this conversation almost every day while we were in high school. The truth was that my friend never failed in any subjects. I just think that she can’t accept failures because she lives her life as a perfectionist (完美主义者). What she fails to understand is that a lot of good can come from failures. For example, failure can help build relationships. Once I was cooking dinner for a friend, I was tired, and several dishes I tried to make turned out bad. I grew more and more upset until my friend told me that I shouldn’t worry. She cared more about our friendship than the dishes. That day, I learned that failure doesn’t always make people dislike you. In fact, after she said those words to me, I grew closer to her. Failure can make success evermore exciting. Every few years, there would be an important test in the PE class at our school. Students had to run a mile within eight minutes. I was never good at running, so I failed every time until the third year at school. Then I began working out regularly, and yet still failed that year. A few days later, however, the teacher gave me and some other students another chance to run and I got a pass finally! You can’t imagine how excited I was after that. I felt the memory of the success was as sweet as honey, because I had to overcome failure to reach it. Now it’s clear to see that failure can teach us good lessons. It’s not an end — it can be a beginning. 1．What did the author finally get from a failed cooking? A．Worries. B．A closer friendship. C．Bad feelings. D．More experience. 2．Why did the author feel excited after the running test? A．Because she could work out regularly. B．Because she received honey as a reward. C．Because she achieved success after many failures. D．Because she got another chance to take the test. 3．What does the underlined word “overcome” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Successfully deal with. B．Quickly respond to. C．Narrowly escape from D．Eagerly come up with. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A．to show the negative effects of failures B．to point out her best friends fear of failures C．to introduce different types of failures D．to encourage the readers to face failures bravely 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述朋友和自己的经历来告诉我们要勇敢的面对失败，因为失败也能让我们学到很多事情。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“That day, I learned that failure doesn’t always make people dislike you. In fact, after she said those words to me, I grew closer to her.(那天，我明白了失败并不总是让人讨厌你。事实上，在她对我说了这些话之后，我和她更亲近了)”可知，作者从一次失败的烹饪中得到了更亲密的友谊。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“I was never good at running, so I failed every time until the third year at school. Then I began working out regularly, and yet still failed that year. A few days later, however, the teacher gave me and some other students another chance to run and I got a pass finally! You can’t imagine how excited I was after that.(我一直不擅长跑步，所以直到第三年我每次都失败。然后我开始定期锻炼，但那一年还是失败了。然而，几天后，老师给了我和其他一些学生另一个机会去跑步，我终于通过了！你无法想象在那之后我有多兴奋)”可知，作者在跑步测试后感到兴奋是因为她在多次失败后获得了成功。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“A few days later, however, the teacher gave me and some other students another chance to run and I got a pass finally! You can’t imagine how excited I was after that.(然而，几天后，老师给了我和其他一些学生另一个机会去跑步，我终于通过了！你无法想象在那之后我有多兴奋)”可知，作者最终通过了，说明成功应对了失败。故划线词意思是“成功应对”，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now it’s clear to see that failure can teach us good lessons. It’s not an end — it can be a beginning.(现在很清楚地看到，失败可以给我们很好的教训。这不是结束，而是开始)”并结合作者自己的经历可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励读者勇敢地面对失败。故选D。 Passage 5 Suppose I were to ask you to name some of the greatest nurses that the world has ever known. Chances are you will give me the name of Florence Nightingale, the wealthy woman who gave off her everything to serve the needy people of her time and become a nurse. She’s still pictured today as she was in the Crimean War (克里米亚战争) of 1853, carrying a lamp from sickbed to sickbed where she tended to the wounded, and that is how she earned herself the title of “The Lady With The Lamp”. Born on May 12th, 1820, she was a genius who spoke multiple languages and pioneered the concepts of statistical analysis that are still used today. Her parents were different, too. They were super-wealthy, and actually cared about the education of their two daughters. This came as a surprise because at that time, being born with two X chromosomes (染色体) was the high road to a life full of knitting and taking care of a household but her father was really dedicated to his two daughters. Education for women at that time was still at its earliest but Florence got the best education possible. On February 5, 1837, the teenage Florence declared that she had had a vision and God had commanded her to end suffering in this world and this is when she joined Nursing. Both of her parents disagreed with that, considering that at that time nursing was looked down upon. Florence over the next 12-13 years tried convincing her parents, but they didn’t give in. Aged 29, she even refused suitors (求婚者) to focus on her nursing career which at that time was non-existent. When Florence turned 30, her dad was completely worn out from resisting and then sent her to Germany for nursing training. In 1853 her dream was completely realized and she undertook a job in London at a hospital. 1. Why was Nightingale called “The Lady With The Lamp”? A. She was the greatest nurse in the world. B. She attended the Crimean War in 1853. C. She took a lamp to take better pictures. D. She tirelessly cared for the wounded carrying a lamp. 2. What can be inferred about Nightingale’s father according to paragraph 2? A. He was strict with his two daughters. B. He believed women should stay at home. C. He placed a high value on education. D. He objected to his daughter’s becoming a nurse. 3. How is the passage developed? A. By making comparisons. B. By listing reasons. C. By following time order. D. By listing examples. 4. Which of the following can best describe Nightingale? A. Selfless and determined. B. Caring and mean. C. Serious and stubborn. D. Optimistic and knowledgeable. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了南丁格尔作为世界著名护士的故事，以及她为了成为护士克服家庭阻力，奉献自己一生的伟大事迹。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“She’s still pictured today as she was in the Crimean War (克里米亚战争) of 1853, carrying a lamp from sickbed to sickbed where she tended to the wounded, and that is how she earned herself the title of “The Lady With The Lamp”.(时至今日，人们仍能看到她在1853年克里米亚战争中的照片，她拿着一盏灯从一张病床走到另一张病床，照顾伤员，这就是她为自己赢得“提灯女士”称号的原因)”可知，南丁格尔被称为“提灯女士”，是因为她在夜间提着灯不知疲倦地照顾伤者。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“They were super-wealthy, and actually cared about the education of their two daughters(他们家境非常富裕，实际上非常重视两个女儿的教育)”可知，南丁格尔的父亲非常重视女儿的教育。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Born on May 12th, 1820”根据第三段“On February 5, 1837”，根据第四段“Aged 29”以及“In 1853”可知，文章按照时间顺序介绍了南丁格尔的成长历程以及她成为护士的过程。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Chances are you will give me the name of Florence Nightingale, the wealthy woman who gave off her everything to serve the needy people of her time and become a nurse. She’s still pictured today as she was in the Crimean War (克里米亚战争) of 1853, carrying a lamp from sickbed to sickbed where she tended to the wounded, and that is how she earned herself the title of “The Lady With The Lamp”.(很有可能你会告诉我弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的名字，一个富有的女人，她把自己的一切都奉献给了那个时代需要帮助的人，并成为了一名护士。时至今日，人们仍能看到她在1853年克里米亚战争中的照片，她拿着一盏灯从一张病床走到另一张病床，照顾伤员，这就是她为自己赢得“提灯女士”称号的原因)”和倒数第二段“Florence over the next 12-13 years tried convincing her parents, but they didn’t give in.(在接下来的12到13年里，弗洛伦斯试图说服她的父母，但他们没有屈服)”和最后一段“Aged 29, she even refused suitors (求婚者) to focus on her nursing career which at that time was non-existent.( 29岁时，她甚至拒绝了追求者专注于她当时并不存在的护理事业)”可知，南丁格尔是无私的并且决心坚定的。故选A。 话题4 社会发展 Passage 1 Last weekend I visited Rome for the first time. I spent three busy days in the Italian capital, seeing lots of tourist attractions and walking down streets lit with Christmas decorations. Here are the things that I loved most about the city. Rome is one of the most ancient cities in the world and is full of wonderful relics from its distant past. These monuments include the Roman Forum and the vast Coliseum where gladiators used to fight each other until death and hunt exotic animals. The ruins of buildings and temples are fascinating: you can’t quite believe how old they are. I studied the masterpieces of the Renaissance period at university and was very excited to see them in real life. We walked around the museum in Vatican City and saw plenty of famous sculptures. The best part of the visit was, without a doubt, the Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted in the early 16th century by the great Michelangelo. It was so breathtaking that I couldn’t tear my eyes away from it. In Rome, there is a lot of food on offer for tourists but some of it isn’t very good quality. I made an effort to find authentic restaurants to taste the popular meals of the region, like pasta with tomato, onion and bacon. I also loved eating ice cream and hot chocolate under the Christmas lights. Rome has lots of luxury boutiques but also plenty of shops that were more in my price range! It was a perfect opportunity to go and buy presents for my family and friends. There was also a Christmas market, where I bought a sparkly decoration for the tree. I love seeing new places, especially capital cities. I have been very lucky this year because I also visited Amsterdam and New York in the summer. Hopefully I’ll get to travel even more in the future. I would love to see Prague, Budapest and explore other places outside of Europe. Where do you think I should go next? 1．The underlined word “gladiators” in the 2nd paragraph probably means “________”. A．athletes B．butchers C．invaders D．fighters 2．The author found the ruins of buildings and temples fascinating because ________. A．they represent Rome’s religion B．they are relics from Rome’s distant past C．they are modern and fashion D．they include exotic animals 3．What is mainly discussed in the 3rd paragraph? A．The history of Vatican City. B．The life story of Michelangelo. C．The art-related activities during the visit. D．The literature of the Renaissance period. 4．According to the passage, when visiting Rome you should be careful in choosing the ________. A．food B．attractions C．hotels D．luxury boutiques 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一次游览罗马的所见所闻。 1．词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词所在句“These monuments include the Roman Forum and the vast Coliseum where gladiators used to fight each other until death and hunt exotic animals.(这些遗迹包括古罗马广场和巨大的斗兽场，gladiators过去常常在那里战斗至死，猎杀外来动物)”可知，划线词在where引导的定语从句中作主语，由描述的行为“互相殴斗，猎杀动物”推断，应指斗兽场里的角斗士。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“The ruins of buildings and temples are fascinating: you can’t quite believe how old they are.(建筑物和神殿的废墟令人着迷：你简直不敢相信它们有多古老)”可知，作者主要是因为建筑物和神殿的废墟的历史悠久而觉得它们极具魅力。故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“I studied the masterpieces of the Renaissance period at university and was very excited to see them in real life. We walked around the museum in Vatican City and saw plenty of famous sculptures. The best part of the visit was, without a doubt, the Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted in the early 16th century by the great Michelangelo. It was so breathtaking that I couldn’t tear my eyes away from it.(我在大学学习过文艺复兴时期的杰作，在现实生活中看到它们让我非常兴奋。我们在梵蒂冈城的博物馆里漫步，看到了许多著名的雕塑作品。毫无疑问，这次参观最精彩的部分是西斯廷教堂的天花板，由伟大的米开朗基罗于16世纪初绘制。它太令人叹为观止了，我无法把目光从它身上移开)”可知，本段主要介绍作者在罗马进行的艺术之旅。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“In Rome, there is a lot of food on offer for tourists but some of it isn’t very good quality. I made an effort to find authentic restaurants to taste the popular meals of the region, like pasta with tomato, onion and bacon.(在罗马，有很多食品供游客选择，但其中一些质量不是很好。我努力寻找正宗的餐厅来品尝该地区的流行美食，比如番茄、洋葱和培根意大利面)”可知，作者想表达因为食品质量的良莠不齐，在罗马选择吃的东西时要慎重。故选A项。 Passage 2 When you step on an escalator, do you stand to one side to let others pass? When someone in the room fans himself with a piece of paper, do you open a window? If you ask someone to hang out with you and they stare at you blankly, do you withdraw the invitation? If you don’t do any of these things, I have some unfortunate news: you cannot “read the air.” Knowing the unspoken rules governing social life requires a comprehensive understanding of your environment, whatever its setting. It’s a skill that’s valuable anywhere in the world, but in Japan, it is elevated to another level. Reading the air — “kuuki o yomu” in Japanese — is a constant exercise. Misreading the air can blow business deals or ruin relationship. Rochelle Kopp, who runs cross-cultural training firm Japan Intercultural Consulting, says that while all nations have varying degrees of indirect communication, in Japan the phenomenon is more prominent in society. For example, if you’re speaking loudly in an otherwise silent train car or talking to a client who has long since lost interest, you risk being labeled KY. It’s a pejorative (贬义的) Japanese slang term that stands for “kuuki ga yomenai,” or “unable to read the air.” A big part of “reading the air” is picking up on non-verbal cues. David Matsumoto, a psychology professor at San Francisco State University, studies micro expressions: tiny involuntary facial expressions that can give away a person’s true emotions. When, for example, a client at work says they’re happy with the job you’re doing, a very subtle lip twitch or eyebrow raise could mean they’re not telling you the truth. Noticing micro expressions, along with other non-verbal communication, is important in any situation, no matter where you are. “Silence is one non-verbal cue. So is shifting of posture. A social smile could be yet another cue,” says Matsumoto. “All of these are part of the non-verbal package that contributes to that contextual meaning.” Matsumoto runs Humintell, a company that provides workshops on how to get better at reading micro expressions and other non-verbal signals. Others provide such services, too; in Tokyo’s Toranomon business district, researcher Kenji Shimizu runs the Institute for Science and Being Sensitive to the Situation. Unlike Matsumoto, Shimizu teaches people how to master micro expressions. Shimizu uses a system developed by U. S. psychologist Paul Ekman, who coined the term and describes the subtle facial changes as “involuntary emotional leakage.” “If you notice someone’s disgust wrinkling around the nose — or anger-brows lowering, eyes widening, lips pressing — and yet those expressions are masked by smiles, you may want to figure out their actual thoughts,” Shimizu says, “and ask them what they really want you to do.” 1．Which of the following is Not the example of “reading the air”? A．When your partner sneezes, you take out a tissue and offer it to him. B．When your boss is about to leave, you hold the door open for him. C．If you invite a friend to a party, he declines in a low voice, so you withdraw the invitation. D．If you assign a task to a coworker, his eyebrows are lowering, so you encourage him. 2．According to the passage, what is the most important contribution factor to “reading the air”? A．Words and physical activities. B．Micro expressions and non-verbal cues. C．Cross-cultural understanding and communication. D．Voluntary facial expressions and emotional leakage. 3．What can you infer from the passage, based on what you have read? A．“Reading the air” is a skill necessary and popular in some parts of the world such as Japan. B．David Matsumoto not only demonstrates the importance of reading the air, but also offers tips to have a good command of it. C．If you take notice of the micro expressions and interpret them in a correct way, it will be easy to figure out people’s real thought. D．Words and actions can be reliable in most cases and help us to make sound judgment. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“reading the air(长眼神，会看情景)”这一社交技能，即通过观察和理解环境中的非语言线索来察觉他人的情绪和意图，这在日本等文化背景下尤为重要。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“When you step on an escalator, do you stand to one side to let others pass? When someone in the room fans himself with a piece of paper, do you open a window? If you ask someone to hang out with you and they stare at you blankly, do you withdraw the invitation? (当你踏上自动扶梯时，你会站在一边让别人通过吗?当房间里有人用纸扇风时，你会打开窗户吗?如果你邀请某人和你一起出去玩，而他们却茫然地盯着你，你会撤回邀请吗?)”和第二段“If you don’t do any of these things, I have some unfortunate news: you cannot ‘read the air.’(如果你不做这些事情，我有一些不幸的消息：你不能“reading the air”)”可推知，“reading the air”指的是通过观察和理解环境中的非语言线索来察觉周围人的感受并作出相应的反应，而C选项“If you invite a friend to a party, he declines in a low voice, so you withdraw the invitation.(如果你邀请朋友参加聚会，他低声拒绝，所以你撤回邀请)”中朋友直接用语言拒绝了，我们无需观察和理解环境中的非语言线索就能作出反应，因此不属于“reading the air”的范畴。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“A big part of ‘reading the air’ is picking up on non-verbal cues. (“察言观色”的很大一部分是捕捉非语言线索)”和“...studies micro expressions: tiny involuntary facial expressions that can give away a person’s true emotions. (研究微表情：微小的、不自主的面部表情，可以透露一个人真实的情绪)”可知，“reading the air”最重要的是微表情和非语言线索。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段中“When, for example, a client at work says they’re happy with the job you’re doing, a very subtle lip twitch or eyebrow raise could mean they’re not telling you the truth. Noticing micro expressions, along with other non-verbal communication, is important in any situation, no matter where you are. (例如，当工作中的客户说他们对你正在做的工作很满意时，非常微妙的嘴唇抽搐或眉毛上扬可能意味着他们并没有说实话。在任何情况下，注意微表情以及其他非语言交流都是很重要的，无论你在哪里)”可推知，如果你能注意到微表情并正确解读，就很容易了解人们的真实想法。故选C项。 Passage 3 For the past three decades, companies and consumers have benefited from cross — border connections that have helped to maintain a steady supply of electronics, clothes, toys and other goods so abundant that it has managed to keep prices low across the board. However, as the pandemic and the Russia — Ukraine conflict continue to weigh on trade and business ties, that period of plenty appears to be undergoing a partial reversal. Companies are rethinking where to source their products and are stockpiling inventory (库存), even at the potential cost of lowering their efficiency and increasing their operation expense. If the situation lasts for very long, could have important implications for inflation (通货膨胀) and the world economy. American economists are debating whether recent supply chain troubles and geopolitical conflicts will result in a shake-up of global production, in which factories that had previously been sent offshore or areas with fewer tax regulations, move back to the United States or into other more stable countries. If this happens, a decades-long decline in the prices of many goods could come to an end. We may even witness a slide backwards, meaning a potential boost in prices and overall inflation as a result. The period of global integration before the pandemic made many of the things Americans buy cheaper. Computers and other forms of technology made factories more efficient, and they rolled out sneakers, kitchen tables, and electronics at a pace unmatched in history. Companies slashed their production costs by moving factories offshore, where wages were lower. The adoption of steel shipping containers and ever larger cargo ships allowed products to be transported from Bangladesh and China to Seattle and Tupelo and everywhere in between at astonishingly low prices. Those changes, however, had consequences for American factory workers, who saw many jobs disappear. Katherine Tai, the U. S. trade representative, said that, while American consumers have enjoyed the “luxury” of low prices for imported goods for a long time now, the system upon which it was built has always been a very “fragile” one. Americans are not just consumers, but also workers who have to compete in a global marketplace for talent where globalization “has damaged opportunities and wages for average American workers”. “Some returning is occurring — let’s make no mistake about that.” Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala., the Director-General of the World Trade Organization, said in an interview. But the data shows that most businesses are reducing their risk by building up their inventories and finding additional suppliers in low-cost countries, such as Vietnam and Mexico. This process could end up helping more deeply integtate poorer countries in Africa and other parts of the world into the global value chains, said Dr. Okonjo-Iweala. The intertwined trajectory (轨迹) of globalization, low prices, and inflation on the whole will be closely watched by economists over the years to come. “It would certainly be a different world.” Jerome H. Powel, the chair of the Federal Reserve, said when asked about a possible move away from globalization. “It’s not obvious how dramatically conditions will change,” he said. “But it’s clear that it’s slowed down.” 1．Which of the following best fits the blank in Paragraph 2? A．the trend of global integration B．a shift away from fine-tuned globalization C．the benefit of cheap and plenty goods D．an upcoming economic crash 2．Which of the following statement is true about the shake-up of global production? A．A potential decline in prices of goods can be expected. B．American companies may locate their offshore factories in Africa. C．Efficient transportation makes bulk buying convenient for Americans. D．Inflation has a role to play in the shake-up of globalization. 3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 5? A．Katherine Tai takes a neutral position concerning globalization. B．American factory workers face heightened competition from domestic rivals. C．American consumers generally benefited from global integration. D．Exported goods lead to the lower wages of average Americans. 4．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．The Era of Cheap and Plenty May be Ending B．Globalization: Crisis or Opportunities? C．New Winners in the Post-globalization Era D．The Future of Global Economy 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了全球化对商品价格、通货膨胀和全球经济的影响。随着疫情和俄乌冲突持续，全球供应链受到冲击，企业开始重新考虑产品采购地点并储备库存，可能导致通货膨胀和全球生产格局的重大变化。美国经济学家就是否会出现全球生产格局的转变进行了辩论，这可能会结束商品价格长期下降的趋势，并可能引发通货膨胀。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“For the past three decades, companies and consumers have benefited from cross—border connections that have helped to maintain a steady supply of electronics, clothes, toys and other goods so abundant that it has managed to keep prices low across the board.(过去三十年来，企业和消费者受益于跨境联系，这种联系帮助保持了电子产品、服装、玩具和其他商品的稳定供应，供应如此丰富，以至于成功地将价格全面保持在低位)”可知，过去几十年，国际贸易已经形成了稳定的、精细的跨境供应链。结合第二段中“However, as the pandemic and the Russia — Ukraine conflict continue to weigh on trade and business ties, that period of plenty appears to be undergoing a partial reversal. Companies are rethinking where to source their products and are stockpiling inventory (库存), even at the potential cost of lowering their efficiency and increasing their operation expense.(然而，随着疫情和俄罗斯-乌克兰冲突继续给贸易和商业关系带来压力，这一富足时期似乎正在经历部分逆转。即使可能以降低效率和增加运营费用为代价，企业也正在重新考虑从哪里采购产品，并囤积库存)”可知，新的国际形势可能导致这一有利局面的改变。由此推知，如果这一情况长时间持续，必然导致国际贸易从精细化的全球合作转向，进而影响通货膨胀和全球经济。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“American economists are debating whether recent supply chain troubles and geopolitical conflicts will result in a shake-up of global production, in which factories that had previously been sent offshore or areas with fewer tax regulations, move back to the United States or into other more stable countries. If this happens, a decades-long decline in the prices of many goods could come to an end. We may even witness a slide backwards, meaning a potential boost in prices and overall inflation as a result.(美国经济学家正在讨论，最近的供应链问题和地缘政治冲突是否会导致全球生产的剧变，即以前被转移到海外或税收监管较少的地区的工厂，会搬回美国或其他更稳定的国家。如果发生这种情况，许多商品长达数十年的价格下跌可能会结束。我们甚至可能会看到经济下滑，这意味着价格和整体通胀可能会因此上涨)”可知，全球生产的剧变可能会导致通货膨胀，即通货膨胀与全球生产的剧变相关。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Katherine Tai, the U. S. trade representative, said that, while American consumers have enjoyed the “luxury” of low prices for imported goods for a long time now, the system upon which it was built has always been a very “fragile” one.(美国贸易代表戴凯琳表示，虽然美国消费者长期以来一直享受进口商品低价的“奢侈”，但建立在此基础上的体系一直非常“脆弱”)”可推知，美国消费者享受进口的商品低价，受益于全球一体化。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“However, as the pandemic and the Russia — Ukraine conflict continue to weigh on trade and business ties, that period of plenty appears to be undergoing a partial reversal. Companies are rethinking where to source their products and are stockpiling inventory (库存), even at the potential cost of lowering their efficiency and increasing their operation expense. If the situation lasts for very long, a shift away from fine-tuned globalization could have important implications for inflation (通货膨胀) and the world economy.(然而，随着疫情和俄罗斯-乌克兰冲突继续给贸易和商业关系带来压力，这一富足时期似乎正在经历部分逆转。即使可能以降低效率和增加运营费用为代价，企业也正在重新考虑从哪里采购产品，并囤积库存。如果这种情况持续很长时间，从精细化的全球合作转向可能对通货膨胀和世界经济产生重要影响)”和第三段中“If this happens, a decades-long decline in the prices of many goods could come to an end. We may even witness a slide backwards, meaning a potential boost in prices and overall inflation as a result.(如果发生这种情况，许多商品长达数十年的价格下跌可能会结束。我们甚至可能会看到经济下滑，这意味着价格和整体通胀可能会因此上涨)”可知，文章介绍了疫情和俄乌冲突持续的影响，可能导致全球化的逆转，引发广泛的通货膨胀，即享受廉价商品的富足的时代的结束。故“The Era of Cheap and Plenty May be Ending(廉价富足的时代可能即将结束)”是最佳标题。故选A项。 Passage 4 Tom Belt, a native of Oklahoma, didn't know the English language until he began school. In his home, conversations took place in Cherokee. Belt grew up riding horses, and after college traveled around the country doing the rodeo（牛仔竞技比赛）. Finally, he wound up in North Carolina and married a woman he met at school 20 years earlier. Yet his wife—also Cherokee—did not speak the language. He soon realized that he was a minority（少数）among his own people. At that time, just 400 or so Cherokee speakers were left in the Eastern Band, the tribe（部落）located in the Cherokee's historic homeland. Children were no longer learning the language either. "I began to realize the seriousness of the situation," Belt says. Belt and other concerned Cherokee speakers in the Eastern Band decided to do something about it. Belt volunteered to teach Cherokee lessons at a local school, for example, and finally the tribe decided to create a language immersion school for children, where main classes—including science and math—are taught in Cherokee. Cherokee language is now also offered at the local university, where Belt teaches. "Many Cherokee speakers are using technology to do really interesting things that were not imaginable a generation back," says Mark Turin, a language expert at Yale University. For example, a Cherokee app allows speakers to text in the language's 85 letters. Some Cherokee sites bring speakers together and provide multimedia teaching tools. Thanks to the Eastern Bands efforts, today around 60 of their children can speak Cherokee. Belt, along with many other Cherokee speakers, is not ready to let his language disappear into history—even if the journey toward revitalisation（振兴）is an uphill one. As an elder told Belt years ago: "It's all well and good that you all want to do this, but remember, it wasn't taken away overnight, and you' re not going to revitalize it overnight." 1. What did Tom Belt find out about the Cherokee language? A. It is taught at only a few schools. B. It is disliked by many English speakers. C. It is difficult for children to learn. D. It is in danger of dying out. 2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Why Cherokee was popular in local schools. B. How Cherokee speakers saved the language. C. How Cherokee influenced children's education. D. What made Cherokee more well-known to locals. 3. What plays a role in the success the Eastern Band has achieved? A. Their great imagination. B. Their special teaching methods. C. Their use of technology. D. Their confidence in younger generations. 4. What can we learn from the elder's words in the last paragraph? A. Getting Cherokee back is a long journey. B. Cherokee will disappear slowly. C. Cherokee might become popular someday. D. The loss of Cherokee is simply a fact of life. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了俄克拉荷马州的汤姆·贝尔特及其团队为挽救他们部落的母语—-切诺基语而做的努力。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。第二段末句“I began to realize the seriousness of the situation.( 我开始意识到情况的严重性)”，其中the situation指上文“Yet his wife—also Cherokee—did not speak the language…Children were no longer learning the language either.( 然而，他的妻子——同样是切诺基人——不会说切诺基语…孩子们也不再学习这种语言)”，很多人切诺基人不会说切诺基语言，尤其孩子们也不再学习它，由此可知，贝尔特意识到这种语言即将消失。故选D项。 【2题详解】 段落大意题。根据第三段首句即主题句“Belt and other concerned Cherokee speakers in the Eastern Band decided to do something about it.( 贝尔特和东部乐队其他关心的切诺基人决定为此做点什么)”可知，贝尔特和关心切诺基语言的切诺基人决定为挽救这种语言而采取行动，其中it指代切诺基语言即将消失这个事情。后面“Belt volunteered to teach Cherokee lessons at a local school, for example, and finally the tribe decided to create a language immersion school for children, where main classes—including science and math—are taught in Cherokee. Cherokee language is now also offered at the local university, where Belt teaches.( 例如，贝尔特志愿在当地的一所学校教授切诺基语课程，最后，部落决定为孩子们创建一所语言浸入式学校，主要课程——包括科学和数学——都是用切诺基语教授的。贝尔特所在的当地大学现在也提供切诺基语)”详细具体地介绍他们做了那些努力。由此可知，第三段主要讲这些切诺基人是如何挽救切诺基语言的。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“"Many Cherokee speakers are using technology to do really interesting things that were not imaginable a generation back," says Mark Turin, a language expert at Yale University. For example, a Cherokee app allows speakers to text in the language's 85 letters. Some Cherokee sites bring speakers together and provide multimedia teaching tools.( 耶鲁大学的语言专家Mark Turin说:“许多讲切诺基语的人正在利用科技做一些非常有趣的事情，这在一代人以前是无法想象的。”例如，一款切诺基语应用程序允许使用者用该语言的85个字母发送信息。一些切罗基语网站将切诺基语言使用者聚集在一起，并提供多媒体教学工具) ”可知，在挽救这种语言过程中，现在科技例如应用程序和网站起到了很大作用。故选C项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章末句那位老人所说的话“It's all well and good that you all want to do this, but remember, it wasn't taken away overnight, and you' re not going to revitalize it overnight.(你们都想做这件事，这很好，但请记住，它不是在一夜之间消失的，你也不可能在一夜之间让它重新焕发活力) 可知，这种语言消失的过程是渐渐的一个很长的过程，想要使它重新焕发活力也不可能短时间成功，一定是一个漫长的过程。故选A项。 Passage 5 Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. “In the beginning, I was so paranoid (多疑的) and angry that I couldn’t leave the house,” says Doogue. “When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more and that’s when I started photography. ” Now a dad of two, Doogue found that looking at insects through a camera helped him in ways he could never have imagined and it proved to be the lifeline he needed. It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress; and his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. “I ended up as one of their featured photographers,” recalled Doogue. “It was the peak of my career. It was incredible.” Originally from Salford, Greater Manchester, he now lives in Armadale, West Lothian, Scotland. Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic (流行病) of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. “I think the problem is this man-up approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time,” says Doogue. “This is why I try and be so open about my own experience. Whenever I am out with my camera, I don’t think about my other worries. It is just me and the environment around me. You can lose yourself in a spider making its web.” 1. What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us about Doogue? A. Why Doogue wanted to end his life. B. When Doogue turned photographer. C. How Doogue became depressed. D. Why Doogue took up photography. 2. What causes Scottish men to develop mental health problems? A. The way men employ to solve problems. B. The lack of love for men’s life and work. C. The idea that men are expected to be strong. D. The worry that men get separated from people. 3. How did photography benefit Doogue? A. It helped him to escape from pressure. B. It provided him with life-saving skills. C. It gave him a new way to express himself. D. It offered him an opportunity to explore nature. 4. What is the main purpose of the author in writing the text? A. To warn the seriousness of mental problems. B. To introduce Doogue’s fighting depression. C. To show the benefits of nature photography. D. To advise the readers to get close to nature. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述自然摄影师Doogue通过拍摄挽救了抑郁的自己，并通过分享他的作品和经历，鼓励和帮助更多患有心理健康疾病的人。 【1题详解】 段落大意题。根据第一段“Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. “In the beginning, I was so paranoid (多疑的) and angry that I couldn’t leave the house,” says Doogue. “When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more and that’s when I started photography. ”(34岁的自然摄影师Matt Doogue第一次发现自己拍昆虫的热情时，他一直患有抑郁症，他的作品现在被《国家地理》杂志刊登。他说，九年前，他在跌入谷底后试图自杀。Doogue说：“一开始，我非常多疑和愤怒，以至于我不能离开家。当我试图结束自己的生命时，我知道我需要看看某个人。我去看医生并接受治疗，但我知道我需要更多的东西，这就是我开始摄影的时候。”)”可知，文章第一段主要讲述Doogue从事摄影的原因。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic (流行病) of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. “I think the problem is this man-up approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time,” says Doogue. (虽然他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀的流行病中，但他相信，分享自己对自然摄影的热爱，也可以帮助其他人应对他们的心理健康问题。Doogue说：“我认为问题在于人的态度：男性需要变强大和坚强的想法给年轻男性带来了很大的压力，并要求他们一直保持完美。”)”可知，男人被期待变强大和坚强的想法给苏格兰的年轻男性很大压力，导致他们患有心理健康疾病。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress; and his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. (它具有镇静作用，帮助他摆脱压力；他所拍摄的惊人的图像，在色彩鲜艳的背景中以惊人的细节展示了昆虫和蜘蛛，引起了国家地理出版商的注意。)”可知，Doogue通过自然摄影，帮助自己摆脱压力。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. “In the beginning, I was so paranoid (多疑的) and angry that I couldn’t leave the house,” says Doogue. “When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more and that’s when I started photography. ”(34岁的自然摄影师Matt Doogue第一次发现自己拍昆虫的热情时，他一直患有抑郁症，他的作品现在被《国家地理》杂志刊登。他说，九年前，他在跌入谷底后试图自杀。Doogue说：“一开始，我非常多疑和愤怒，以至于我不能离开家。当我试图结束自己的生命时，我知道我需要看看某个人。我去看医生并接受治疗，但我知道我需要更多的东西，这就是我开始摄影的时候。”)”及第三段“Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic (流行病) of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. (虽然他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀的流行病中，但他相信，分享自己对自然摄影的热爱，也可以帮助其他人应对他们的心理健康问题。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是：介绍Doogue抵抗抑郁症的经历，并希望通过分享他的经历帮助更多有心理健康疾病的人，故选B。 话题5 社会服务 Passage 1 Several women sat outside a green medical building waiting for the mother-to-mother group meeting to start. Each one held a baby clothed in bright colors. They chatted happily while they waited for the rest of the mothers to arrive. The mother-to-mother group would teach them how to give nutritious meals to their children. The mother leading the group, Sein Win Mya, is strong and energetic. She also taught women from nearby villages by using an informative flip chart (活动挂图) provided by Samaritan’s Purse. Her daughter, who is about seven or eight years old, sat among the mothers and their children. She held a 3-year-old boy on her leg to feed him water. Meanwhile, she made a face to make a girl not cry. At the end of the class, she held a sleeping baby. The goal of the mother-to-mother group in Myanmar is to reduce malnutrition (营养不良), thus reducing its effects on a child’s physical and mental development. Cultural practices and traditions in Myanmar encourage mothers to feed young children only white rice which makes them have few micronutrients (微量营养元素) such as iron and vitamins. Sein Win Mya taught women to be leaders through her example — leading her community to richer futures. After the class finished, Sein Win Mya led the women on a tour of the village and to her family’s betel nut field — a local crop similar to the tobacco plant. They passed through farms and palm tree fields that were flooded during the rainy season. Sein Win Mya led them through her prized produce, confidently showing off her beautiful lines of bright green leaves. One older man from Sein Win Mya’s community said that he never dreamed of such a good life. Thanks to Sein Win Mya, his grandson is no longer eating only rice like before and now can eat healthy and nutritious meals. All are Sein Win Mya’s contribution. 1．The mothers gathered together to ________. A．share parenting experiences B．understand the mother-to-mother group C．teach how to provide nutritious food for children D．learn how to provide nutritious meals for their children 2．When Sein Win Mya was teaching, her daughter ________. A．made faces to kill time B．helped care for other children C．listened to what she said carefully D．helped her mother prepare teaching aids 3．The mother-to-mother group aims to ________. A．teach women new cooking skills B．improve women’s education levels C．let the children in Myanmar grow healthily D．help children develop a positive mental attitude 4．Through her example, Sein Win Mya wanted more women ________. A．to learn more new survival skills B．to educate their children correctly C．to use their creativity to plant new crops D．to lead their communities to better futures 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了缅甸的Sein Win Mya领导一个母亲互助小组，致力于通过教育和示范来改善儿童的营养状况，减少营养不良对儿童身心发展的影响，带领社区走向更好未来。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“The mother-to-mother group would teach them how to give nutritious meals to their children.(这个母亲对母亲的团体将教她们如何给孩子们提供营养餐。)”可知，这些母亲们聚集在一起是为了学习如何为她们的孩子提供营养餐。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The mother leading the group, Sein Win Mya, is strong and energetic. She also taught women from nearby villages by using an informative flip chart (活动挂图) provided by Samaritan’s Purse. Her daughter, who is about seven or eight years old, sat among the mothers and their children. She held a 8-year-old boy on her leg to feed him water. Meanwhile, she made a face to make a girl not cry.(领头的母亲盛温玛（Sein Win Mya）身体强壮，精力充沛。她还用撒玛利亚救援会提供的信息挂图教附近村庄的妇女。她大约七八岁的女儿坐在母亲们和她们的孩子中间。她把一个3岁的男孩抱在腿上喂他喝水。与此同时，她做了个鬼脸让一个女孩不要哭。)”可知，当Sein Win Mya在教学时，她的女儿在帮忙照顾其他孩子。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“The goal of the mother-to-mother group in Myanmar is to reduce malnutrition (营养不良), thus reducing its effects on a child’s physical and mental development.(缅甸母亲对母亲团体的目标是减少营养不良，从而减少其对儿童身心发展的影响。)”可知，母亲对母亲团体的目标是让缅甸的孩子们健康成长。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Sein Win Mya taught women to be leaders through her example — leading her community to richer futures.(Sein Win Mya以身作则，教导女性成为领导者——带领她的社区走向更美好的未来。)”可知，通过自己的榜样作用，Sein Win Mya希望更多的女性能够带领她们的社区走向更美好的未来。故选D项。 Passage 2 Wang Fuman is a 10-year-old student. He is now studying in Zhuanshanbao Primary School in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province. On Monday morning (January 8, 2018), he braved -9℃ weather to travel over an hour to reach his school. When he arrived, his hair and eyebrows had been completely frozen with snowflake (雪花). This made his 16 classmates laugh a lot. Fu Heng, Wang’s teacher saw this and took a picture. He uploaded (上传) Wang’s picture. The picture soon has got much attention to children from poor families in the countryside. Wang, who has been nicknamed “Snowflake Boy” by netizens (网友), became famous online overnight. By Wednesday morning, his picture had been “liked” more than 260,000 times on Sina Weibo and shared more than 40,000 times. After hearing Wang’s story, the Yunnan China Youth Development Foundation held a public donation (捐赠) activity for children from poor families. The Foundation has promised to give each poor child 500 yuan ($75) to help them stay warm in winter. By 1 pm on Wednesday, the Foundation had collected about 300,000 yuan in public donations, according to their website. Wang’s village now has electricity and tap water, “…and my family is getting help to build a new house close to the school”, Wang said, “I think our life will get better.” 1．What was the weather like on Monday morning? A．Snowy and cold. B．Rainy and cold. C．Snowy but warm. D．Rainy but warm. 2．Why did the classmates laugh when Wang entered the classroom? A．Because he lost his books . B．Because he told a joke. C．Because he looked funny. D．Because he was late. 3．The Foundation held a public donation to help the poor children ________. A．stay happy B．keep healthy C．stay educated D．keep warm in winter 4．What can we know from the text? A．Zhaotong’s weather in winter is warm. B．Wang’s future life may become better. C．Wang’s village had electricity before. D．Few people shared the boy’s picture 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了云南昭通“冰花男孩”王福满冒严寒上学，照片引发关注，基金会为此开展募捐活动。。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“On Monday morning (January 8, 2018), he braved -9℃ weather to travel over an hour to reach his school. (2018年1月8日星期一早上，他冒着零下9摄氏度的天气，花了一个多小时才到达学校)”和第二段中“When he arrived, his hair and eyebrows had been completely frozen with snowflake. (当他到达时，他的头发和眉毛都被雪花完全冻住了)”可知，周一早上的天气是下雪且寒冷的。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When he arrived, his hair and eyebrows had been completely frozen with snowflake. This made his 16 classmates laugh a lot. (当他到达时，他的头发和眉毛都被雪花完全冻住了。这让他的16个同学大笑起来)”可知，王福满走进教室时同学们笑是因为他的头发和眉毛都被雪花完全冻住了，看起来很好笑。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The Foundation has promised to give each poor child 500 yuan ($75) to help them stay warm in winter. (该基金会承诺给每个贫困儿童500元(75美元)，帮助他们在冬天保暖)”可知，基金会举办公开募捐活动是为了帮助贫困儿童在冬天保暖。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Wang’s village now has electricity and tap water, “…and my family is getting help to build a new house close to the school”, Wang said, “I think our life will get better.” (王的村庄现在有了电和自来水，“……我的家人正在得到帮助，因为在学校附近正在建一座新房子”，王说，“我认为我们的生活会变得更好”)”可知，王福满得到了帮助，他对未来充满希望，说明他未来的生活可能会变得更好。故选B项。 Passage 3 Florence Nightingale was born in 1820 into a very rich family. As a child, she was home-schooled by her father. As Florence grew up and became a young woman, she decided she wanted to train to become a nurse. In 1853, the Crimean War started, and soon many injured British soldiers were suffering in terrible conditions. Florence, now a trained nurse, was asked to go to Crimea to help. She agreed and was sent to Barrack Hospital. Once there, Florence saw thousands of sick and wounded men, and there were not even enough beds for all of them. The hospital was dirty, smelly and full of mice. A lot of the men were dying from diseases they had caught in the hospital. At first, all Florence and the other nurses were allowed to do was to clean. They were not allowed to nurse the sick men. But as more and more sick and injured soldiers started to arrive, the doctors were forced to ask Florence for help. Florence and her team were very serious about their work and they all wore the same uniform. Thanks to their efforts, the hospital was cleaner and healthier for the sick soldiers, who thought Florence was a very special lady for what she had done for them. When Florence arrived home, she was a heroine. The people loved her and she became very famous. She had songs written about her and received lots of awards (奖), even one from the Queen herself. But Florence didn’t like being famous and was only interested in improving more and more hospitals. She wrote letters to hospital managers all around England to put pressure on them to change their hospitals for the better. Florence even set up her own training school for nurses, at Saint Thomas Hospital in London. Florence will always be remembered for changing the health system forever. 1．What happened to Florence when she was a child? A．She lived an unhappy life. B．She was taught to be a doctor. C．She was educated at home. D．She suffered from a$