高二英语下学期期中模拟卷02（沪外版，上海专用）

高二英语下学期期中模拟卷02（上海通用） 英 语·参考答案 （满分140分，考试用时120分钟） I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） 1—5 CACBD 6—10 DAAAB 11—15 ABDBC 16—20 BCCDB II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A 21．is intended 22．marking 23．has been sent 24．What 25．against/on 26．installed 27．in case 28．another 29．that/which 30．to redirect Section B 31. F 32. C 33. J 34. I 35. A 36. G 37. B 38. D 39. E 40. H III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A 41. A 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. B 48. D 49. D 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. A 54. D 55. C Section B 56. D 57. C 58. A 59. C 60. B 61. D 62. C 63．D 64．C 65．A 66．B Section C 67. E 68. B 69. D 70. F IV.Summary Writing (共10分） 71.The passage summarizes the concept of “brain hunger”, caused by damaged dopamine signaling in the brain. It explores genetic (dopamine receptor D4 gene) and obesity-related factors, noting that weight loss alone is insufficient. It emphasizes the importance of mindful eating and hunger cues to sense satiety with a comprehensive combination of treatments for management. V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) 72.Speeding is not only very dangerous for your passengers, but also against the law. 73.Through this documentary, the director successfully communicated the importance of protecting endangered species to the audience. 74.Every time the software engineer encounters a problem, he turns to his team for help, which sufficiently demonstrates the core value of teamwork. 75.The restaurant manager insists that large-scale production of seaweed is meaningful only when the public truly understands and accepts it as a food source. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Dear Lucy, I’m writing to invite you to join my classmates in visiting a nursing home to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. We plan to bring joy and companionship to the elderly there. The outing will commence at 9:00 am and we expect to return by 5:00 pm. During our visit, we’ll engage in various activities such as sharing delicious mooncakes and admiring the full moon together. It will be a meaningful opportunity to experience traditional Chinese culture while giving back to the community. Your participation would be greatly appreciated and please let me know if you can join us. Looking forward to hearing from you! Yours, Li Hua 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 高二英语下学期期中模拟卷02（上海通用） 英 语 （满分140分，考试用时120分钟） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 测试范围：选择性必修第三册Units 1~2（沪外版） 4. 难度系数：0.65。 5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. To a bank. B. To a travel agency. C. To a drugstore. D. To Spain. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He forgot to submit his paper. B. He misremembered the deadline. C. He didn’t finish his paper on time. D. He couldn’t focus his mind on the paper. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She is a movie enthusiast. B. She prefers thrillers to romances. C. She doesn’t like thrillers. D. She is not in the mood for any movie. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Because she is not good at calculating. B. Because she hurried to finish the report. C. Because she is quite a careless person. D. Because she cited unconfirmed figures. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Lily forgot to deliver discs to the man. B. The man failed to renew the address. C. Lily planned to visit the new dormitory. D. The discs might have been mailed to the former place. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman doesn’t enjoy the leftovers. B. The man is an excellent cook in the army. C. The man has invited many people for lunch. D. The man intentionally prepared much food. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A The man should be more diligent. B. Cramming is effective for an exam. C. Biology is indeed difficult to learn. D. The man shouldn’t have stayed up that late. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Arrange to apply for another room. B. Make a complaint about her roommate. C. Ask her roommate to move out of the room. D. Change rooms with someone in the housing office. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Helen’s hard work is rewarding. B. Helen is an accomplished job hunter. C Helen always complains about her job. D. Helen is viewed as a model by the speakers. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Every student should value Chinese culture. B. Chinese students are humble and reserved. C. He is deeply impressed by Chinese culture. D. Chinese students lack the courage to share ideas. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. To relocate to safer grounds. B. To migrate with the seasons. C. To seek more hunting grounds. D. To gather more food for survival. 12. A. It once belonged to the North Sea. B. It was drowned by the meltwater. C. It was an island abundant in wildlife. D. It was unveiled by the modern fishermen. 13. A. Polar ice caps will continue to melt at a rapid rate. B. The sea floor witnessed the rise and fall of the Europe. C. Doggerland is the birthplace of English civilization. D. Coastal residents are vulnerable to the climate change. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. Scientists in Britain are going to collect rocks on Mars. B. The discovery of Boron is a milestone in Mars exploration. C. Evidence indicates there exist plants and animals on Mars. D. The microscope is mainly used to identify different rocks. 15. A. Basic molecules for life. B. More essential chemicals. C. Holes caused by microbes. D. Ancient material from Mars. 16. A. The development of life on Mars. B. The search for signs of life on Mars. C. The importance of research on rocks. D. The discovery of surface water on Mars. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. To practise skateboarding. B. To encourage teenagers in trouble. C. To support a non-profit organization. D. To fulfil his dream of touring Europe. 18. A. They served as tour guides for Joe. B. They kept a record of Joe’s journey. C. They transported equipment for Joe. D. They took care of Joe’s accommodation. 19. A. He covered a rather long distance. B. He tried to follow his friends’ van. C. He fell down and broke the trainers. D. He climbed over the rugged mountains. 20. A. Prepare for another trip. B. Resign from his current job. C. Write a book about his journey. D. Renew a contract with the organization. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Fifth-generation Combat Planes Displayed on China’s Military Parade The People’s Liberation Army has displayed all types of its fifth-generation combat planes on active duty for the first time via the grand parade on Wednesday, a move that observers say 21 (intend) to show its world-class air prowess. All of the five models — the J-20, J-20A, J-20S and J-35A of the PLA Air Force as well as the PLA Navy’s J-35 — thundered past the Tian’anmen Square in central Beijing as they flew in several arrowhead-shaped groups around the end of a 70-minute parade, 22 (mark) the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War. Wang Yanan, chief editor of Aerospace Knowledge magazine, told China Daily that this is the first time in the history of the People’s Republic of China that so much new hardware 23 (send) to a parade. “ 24 we have seen is an unprecedented unveiling of China’s domestically developed weaponry such as those new aircraft. All of these previously unseen weapons have state-of-the-art designs and superior capabilities, and have tremendously enhanced the Chinese armed forces’ overall strength,” Wang said. The J-20S, like other members of the J-20 series, was designed by the Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute. The twin-seat plane is characterized by its supreme ability to seize superiority in air combat, carry out precision strikes 25 land and sea targets, and perform battlefield situational awareness, electronic jamming as well as tactical command and control The twin-seat variant (变体) can have a backup flight-control system 26 (install) for the backseat operator to use 27 the main system malfunctions or is damaged in action, or the front-seat pilot becomes incapacitated. The J-20A, 28 J-20 variant, has several external differences from the baseline model: an enlarged spine, reshaped nosecone, and modified engine intakes optimized for new, mightier engines developed by Chinese engineers on their own. Its engines are widely believed to have thrust (推力) vector control technology 29 provides significant benefits in flight maneuverability (机动性). The technology enables a pilot to adjust the engine exhaust nozzles (喷口) 30 (redirect) thrust, allowing the plane to carry out previously unimaginable maneuvers at very high angles of attack, meaning its nose is pointed at an angle greatly exceeding the jet’s current vector. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. options B. resolved C. pride D. cautious E. sustained F. assigned G. stretch H. functioning I. unseasonably J. aggressive K. anchoring Silent on Lake Superior: McSorley’s Last Journey By the day he died, Ernest McSorley had built a reputation as the captain who could weather any storm. He was one of the best sailors on the Great Lakes, where he had been ____31____ to pilot the Edmund Fitzgerald, the flagship of Columbia Transportation Division. McSorley took ____32____ in his efficiency, and he always delivered his goods on time, navigating skilfully through dangerous waters. The company valued his ____33____ approach of always pushing forward. On November 9, 1975, the Fitzgerald set sail from Superior, Wisconsin, carrying around 26,000 tons of iron ore. The temperature was ____34____ warm, an early sign that something was wrong. Angry winter weather was already on its way. At7 p.m., the National Weather Service issued a storm warning for Lake Superior, predicting waves up to ten feet tall. McSorley had two ____35____: He could sail straight across the lake to Whitefish Bay, a familiar 30-hour journey, or take the so-called northern route, a 44-hour passage that hugged the Canadian shore, which would protect the ship right up until the final ____36____ of the voyage. McSorley had initially ____37____ to sail the shorter passage. But as conditions worsened, he changed his mind. The captain known for his aggression and efficiency made an uncharacteristically ____38____ decision, choosing the longer northern route. Around 3 p.m. on November 10, Captain Bernie Cooper of the Arthur M. Anderson, a ship traveling nearby, noticed something alarming on his radar screen. Minutes later, the Fitzgerald radioed the Anderson reporting trouble: “I have ____39____ some topside damage,” McSorley said “I’m checking down. Will you stay by me until I get to Whitefish?” Soon after, McSorley learned that both of the Fitzgerald’s radars had stopped. ______40______, and the lighthouse at Whitefish Point had gone dark. Despite his decades of experience, McSorley reported over the radio that he was witnessing “one of the worst seas I’ve ever been in”. After that final transmission, the Fitzgerald stopped answering calls from the Anderson and disappeared from the radar. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context The Sunk Cost Effect In economics, the sunk cost effect is infamous. It occurs whenever we double down on ____41____ financial decisions based on past investments that can’t be recovered. Marketing professor Christopher Olivola points to a few ways that the sunk cost effect is tied to your wallet. You might sit through the entirety of a movie that you ____42____ from the beginning, for instance, if only to justify the cost of the ticket. Similarly, you might ____43____ hitting the gym, even after sustaining a painful injury, if your expensive membership is nonrefundable. “But what is happening in all these situations is that you’re not really getting back that money, or whatever it is you invested,” ‌says Olivola. “That’s part of why it’s not ____44____.” The sunk cost effect can play out ____45____ too. Researchers have tied the same faulty reasoning to ongoing investments in fossil fuels, despite increasingly available energy ____46____ and alarming climate predictions. The ____47____ of the sunk cost effect is a phenomenon that’s been studied time and time again. But researchers still haven’t quite ____48____ the reason humans keep falling for it. Based on his own research, Olivola tends to ____49____ our desire to reduce waste. ‌“We dislike to see ourselves or others as wasteful,” he says. Another possible reason? We tend to open up a mental ‌“bank account” whenever we invest money, time, or effort into something, he says. Subsequently, the only way we can then “close” this account is by getting our ____50____ money’s worth. In certain circumstances, the sunk cost effect could actually help you achieve major ____51____ like becoming more fit or finishing a degree. But if you find yourself ____52____ to past decisions you can’t change, the sunk cost effect is no longer beneficial. How, then, do we overcome this mindset? When it comes to ____53____ the effort, time, or money others have invested in us, it’s important to remember that our friends and family members don’t actually want us to suffer at their expense. Don’t feel too bad if you still find yourself ____54____. Even for Olivola, who has spent more than two decades studying these sorts of things, the sunk cost phenomenon can still be ____55____. “So, you know, if you can overcome it, you’re better than me,” he adds. 41. A. poor B. emotional C. wise D. hesitant 42. A. enjoyed B. hated C. reviewed D. followed 43. A. postpone B. avoid C. continue D. imagine 44. A. natural B. primitive C. formal D. logical 45. A. on a larger scale B. from a more academic angle C. on a more regular basis D. with greater intensity 46. A. statistics B. alternatives C. consumptions D. reserves 47. A. economics B. psychology C. physiology D. history 48. A. responded to B. put forward C. reflected on D. pinned down 49. A. control B. analyze C. exploit D. blame 50. A. private B. foreign C. symbolic D. real 51. A. discoveries B. goals C. reforms D. victories 52. A. anchored B. opposed C. directed D. applied 53. A. honoring B. defining C. ignoring D. regretting 54. A. marching B. changing C. losing D. struggling 55. A. impersonal B. inferior C. irresistible D. irreplaceable Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Decades ago, my friend Caetlin received a special assignment from the poet Robert L. Hass, who instructed each student to memorize three poems of their choosing from The Norton Anthology of American Literature—not for any urgent exam reason, he claimed, but instead to prepare them for their unavoidable future occasions when you’re going to be alone, and poetry is going to be all you have. If the task was as a strange one, it’s because the act of memorizing a poem feels curiously old-fashioned in an era when few of us encounter poetry at all. When I was in graduate school, working toward a degree in English literature, I mostly limited myself to essays. It was only in my 40s that I began to change my ways. It happened in a flight to Seattle. For hours, I read nothing else but a poem. Sometimes I spoke its lines aloud, my voice masked by the airplane’s thrum. Sometimes I went through the whole poem at once, and sometimes I repeated a single stanza (诗节) over and over, and by the time my plane landed on the West Coast, I had the whole thing, all 40 lines of it, in my head. Because the process is as simple as it is very boring, memorizing a great poem always begins as a crime. The boredom of repetition reduces the great charm it has. But as you run your hands through the rock, the lines at last come together again, and the scattered text transforms back into a treasure. In other words, poetry survives continuously by becoming a part of those who read it. It can do so only because it is so specific, so entirely different from us, that taking it in expands our own sense of what we are. Some of the poems I’ve memorized are already fading, and that’s fine. I know that if I spend a little time with them, they’ll sing in me again. Others keep beating in me like a new pulse. I won’t promise you that memorizing poetry will make your life better, but it will make you more: more in touch with language, with other minds, maybe with what you might yet become. 56. Why did Robert L. Hass advise students to read poems? A. To become literature professors. B. To prepare for the coming exams. C. To compose more original poems. D. To relieve their future loneliness. 57. Why does the author say that memorizing a poem begins as a crime? A. It’s out of date to recite poems. B. Repetition wastes a lot of time. C. Repetition ruins the poem’s beauty. D. It’s a shame to read poems on plane. 58. How does understanding poetry influence us? A. By broadening self-understanding. B. By refreshing our good memories. C. By helping us survive the hard life. D. By reminding us to forget the past. 59. What is the author’s attitude towards memorizing poetry in the last paragraph? A. Doubtful. B. Reserved. C. Appreciative. D. Critical. (B) LONDON’S BEST THEATRE SHOWS FOR TEENS AND OLDER KIDS The Secret Garden A musical based on the classic novel about Mary Lennox, a girl who discovers a hidden garden and, with it, a new sense of hope and family. Kids will be drawn in by the wonderful setting and the heartwarming story, while teens will value the themes of healing (治愈) and growth. Age: 10+ Date: 24th July 2024 Venue (举办地点): Regent’s Park Open Air Theatre Hello Dolly Imelda Staunton returns to the West End for the classic musical “Hello Dolly”. The story follows the activities of Dolly Gallagher Levi as she sets up marriages in 1890s New York City. Kids will be excited by the colourful sets and costumes, while older teens who may be Harry Potter fans will love seeing Dolores Umbridge, also known as Imelda Staunton, being very funny. Age: 4+ Date: 11th January-14th September 2024 Venue: London Palladium Babies School’s back, and Year 11 students are in for a wild ride! This term, it’s about babies. These plastic simulator dolls (塑料仿真娃娃) are here to teach the teens a thing or two about responsibility. Over one week, beliefs, minds and nappies (尿布) are changed! Kids will love the comedy of watching teens deal with “parenthood.” Age: 11+ Date: Until 14th July 2024 Venue: The Other Palace-Main Theatre Hamilton Hamilton is based on the life story of American politician Alexander Hamilton whose ambition (抱负) led him to an American war hero and George Washington’s right-hand man. This musical offers a mix of hip-hop, jazz, R&B, and Broadway and is perfect for kids who want to feel inspired. Age: 10+ Date: until 29th March 2025 Venue: Victoria Palace Theatre 60. What do we know about The Secret Garden? A. It teaches teens to get along with their parents. B. It is a great choice for a 13-year-old. C. It will be shown till next year. D. It is based on a famous film. 61. Which of the following does a Harry Potter actress perform in? A. Hamilton. B. Babies. C. The Secret Garden. D. Hello Dolly. 62. Where can teens enjoy mixed types of music? A. The Other Palace-Main Theatre. B. Regent’s Park Open Air Theatre. C. Victoria Palace Theatre. D. London Palladium. (C) Huge health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily. Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician. A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries (老年医保受惠人). The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors. How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed (返还费用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease. Combining this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately (任意地) cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care. Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U. S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results I emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors. How do we fix this problem? It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳的) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving students loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries. We’re at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade. Who will be there to treat them? 63．We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that ________. A．the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cure B．seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errors C．visiting the same doctor on a regular basis ensures good health D．the more doctors a patient sees, the better 64．Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to ________. A．increase their income by working overtime B．improve their expertise and service C．see more patients at the expense of quality D．make various deals with specialists 65．What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care? A．Bridge the salary gap between specialist and primary care physicians. B．Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases. C．Recruit more medical students by offering them loans. D．Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major. 66．The best title for this passage is ________. A．The Health Care in Trouble B．The Imbalance System C．The Declining Number of Doctors D．The Ever-rising Health Care Costs Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Am I Being Tracked? Technology enables people to do many extraordinary things, but it can also be misused and cause harm. Fortunately, additional developments can counter some of these negative uses of technology. ____67____ Bluetooth location trackers were designed to help people recover lost items, such as suitcases or wallets. They can also be placed in cars to help a person find their car if it gets stolen. But they can also be planted in someone else’s bag or car without that person’s permission to track them without their knowledge. ____68____Unfortunately, people who choose to track others often have bad motives that place the people they track in great danger. ____69____But if yours doesn’t or if you want to be able to detect more brands of trackers, you can download apps that will do a more thorough job. Tracker detection apps notify the phone’s owner if the phone detects a tracker that has been near it for an extended time. There is often a delay between when the tracker is detected and when the notification is sent. ____70____ For example, if someone has a tracker on their key and walks past you in a public place, that will not trigger a notification. But if the tracker remains near you for a whole day, especially if you are moving, it is probably on something you own, and the app will notify you. If you suspect that someone is tracking you, take action now to avoid a potentially dangerous situation. A. So if you place a tracker in your own bag, for example, it will not activate the app. B. Bluetooth trackers are small, so victims of tracking seldom find them if they do not know to search for them. C. That way, if they misplace the object the tracker is attached to, they can look up the information to find it again. D. Smartphones can search for trackers, and some now have built-in settings that will send you a notification if you are being tracked. E. This is the case with tracking technology, which has undergone many improvements in recent years. F. This is meant to avoid false alarms in case the tracker belongs to someone else who just happens to be nearby. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Brain Hunger Do you ever feel like no matter how much you eat, you are still not full? You may be suffering from a condition known as “brain hunger.” This occurs when the dopamine signaling in your brain is damaged, making it difficult for your body to recognize when it has had enough food. What are the underlying causes of brain hunger? Genetics can play a role. Research has shown that the dopamine receptor D4 gene may be responsible for regulating cognitive functions related to eating behavior and body weight. Some people have this gene variation that does not allow for a normal dopamine release in response to things that typically would bring joy and pleasure, including food. This means that those individuals won’t get the same “high” feeling they would normally experience when eating. Obesity is also linked to brain hunger. Brain scans of obese individuals show changes in dopamine signaling pathways which can lead to less recognition of the feeling of being full even after a meal. While it is still unclear whether obesity or genetics is the primary contributor to brain hunger, one thing is certain: losing weight alone is not enough for those affected. Studies show that certain areas of the brain responsible for sensing fullness do not change even with weight loss, which could lead to continued hunger and weight regain. So, what came first: genetics or obesity that cause this brain signaling change? It is possible that if someone has a genetic tendency to be affected by this abnormal dopamine signaling, an environmental trigger can start a series of brain hunger which brings about overeating. It is also important to practice mindful eating and pay attention to hunger cues to begin perceiving the feeling of being full. Brain hunger can be an uncomfortable and frustrating condition, but it is possible to manage through a combination of treatments. 71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 超速不仅对于你的乘客而言是非常危险的，而且也是违反法律的。(against)（汉译英） _____________________________________________ 73. 通过这部纪录片，导演成功地向观众传递了保护濒危物种的重要性。(communicate) (汉译英) _____________________________________________ 74. 这位软件工程师每每遇到问题时都会向团队求助，这足以说明团队协作的核心价值。（汉译英）（Every time . . .） _____________________________________________ 75. 这位餐厅经理坚持认为，只有当公众真正了解海草并愿意接受它作为食物来源时，规模化生产才有意义。(seaweed) （汉译英） _____________________________________________ VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home) 陪老人过中秋节(Mid-Autumn Festival)。请给外教Lucy写封邮件，邀请她一同前往，内容包括： 1. 出发及返回时间。 2. 活动内容：吃月饼，赏月等。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Lucy, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ Yours, Li Hua 试题 第3页（共6页） 试题 第4页（共6页） 试题 第11页（共12页） 试题 第12页（共12页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高二英语下学期期中模拟卷02（上海通用） 英 语 （满分140分，考试用时120分钟） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 测试范围：选择性必修第三册Units 1~2（沪外版） 4. 难度系数：0.65。 5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. To a bank. B. To a travel agency. C. To a drugstore. D. To Spain. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He forgot to submit his paper. B. He misremembered the deadline. C. He didn’t finish his paper on time. D. He couldn’t focus his mind on the paper. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She is a movie enthusiast. B. She prefers thrillers to romances. C. She doesn’t like thrillers. D. She is not in the mood for any movie. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Because she is not good at calculating. B. Because she hurried to finish the report. C. Because she is quite a careless person. D. Because she cited unconfirmed figures. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Lily forgot to deliver discs to the man. B. The man failed to renew the address. C. Lily planned to visit the new dormitory. D. The discs might have been mailed to the former place. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman doesn’t enjoy the leftovers. B. The man is an excellent cook in the army. C. The man has invited many people for lunch. D. The man intentionally prepared much food. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A The man should be more diligent. B. Cramming is effective for an exam. C. Biology is indeed difficult to learn. D. The man shouldn’t have stayed up that late. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Arrange to apply for another room. B. Make a complaint about her roommate. C. Ask her roommate to move out of the room. D. Change rooms with someone in the housing office. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Helen’s hard work is rewarding. B. Helen is an accomplished job hunter. C Helen always complains about her job. D. Helen is viewed as a model by the speakers. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Every student should value Chinese culture. B. Chinese students are humble and reserved. C. He is deeply impressed by Chinese culture. D. Chinese students lack the courage to share ideas. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. To relocate to safer grounds. B. To migrate with the seasons. C. To seek more hunting grounds. D. To gather more food for survival. 12. A. It once belonged to the North Sea. B. It was drowned by the meltwater. C. It was an island abundant in wildlife. D. It was unveiled by the modern fishermen. 13. A. Polar ice caps will continue to melt at a rapid rate. B. The sea floor witnessed the rise and fall of the Europe. C. Doggerland is the birthplace of English civilization. D. Coastal residents are vulnerable to the climate change. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. Scientists in Britain are going to collect rocks on Mars. B. The discovery of Boron is a milestone in Mars exploration. C. Evidence indicates there exist plants and animals on Mars. D. The microscope is mainly used to identify different rocks. 15. A. Basic molecules for life. B. More essential chemicals. C. Holes caused by microbes. D. Ancient material from Mars. 16. A. The development of life on Mars. B. The search for signs of life on Mars. C. The importance of research on rocks. D. The discovery of surface water on Mars. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. To practise skateboarding. B. To encourage teenagers in trouble. C. To support a non-profit organization. D. To fulfil his dream of touring Europe. 18. A. They served as tour guides for Joe. B. They kept a record of Joe’s journey. C. They transported equipment for Joe. D. They took care of Joe’s accommodation. 19. A. He covered a rather long distance. B. He tried to follow his friends’ van. C. He fell down and broke the trainers. D. He climbed over the rugged mountains. 20. A. Prepare for another trip. B. Resign from his current job. C. Write a book about his journey. D. Renew a contract with the organization. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Fifth-generation Combat Planes Displayed on China’s Military Parade The People’s Liberation Army has displayed all types of its fifth-generation combat planes on active duty for the first time via the grand parade on Wednesday, a move that observers say 21 (intend) to show its world-class air prowess. All of the five models — the J-20, J-20A, J-20S and J-35A of the PLA Air Force as well as the PLA Navy’s J-35 — thundered past the Tian’anmen Square in central Beijing as they flew in several arrowhead-shaped groups around the end of a 70-minute parade, 22 (mark) the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War. Wang Yanan, chief editor of Aerospace Knowledge magazine, told China Daily that this is the first time in the history of the People’s Republic of China that so much new hardware 23 (send) to a parade. “ 24 we have seen is an unprecedented unveiling of China’s domestically developed weaponry such as those new aircraft. All of these previously unseen weapons have state-of-the-art designs and superior capabilities, and have tremendously enhanced the Chinese armed forces’ overall strength,” Wang said. The J-20S, like other members of the J-20 series, was designed by the Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute. The twin-seat plane is characterized by its supreme ability to seize superiority in air combat, carry out precision strikes 25 land and sea targets, and perform battlefield situational awareness, electronic jamming as well as tactical command and control The twin-seat variant (变体) can have a backup flight-control system 26 (install) for the backseat operator to use 27 the main system malfunctions or is damaged in action, or the front-seat pilot becomes incapacitated. The J-20A, 28 J-20 variant, has several external differences from the baseline model: an enlarged spine, reshaped nosecone, and modified engine intakes optimized for new, mightier engines developed by Chinese engineers on their own. Its engines are widely believed to have thrust (推力) vector control technology 29 provides significant benefits in flight maneuverability (机动性). The technology enables a pilot to adjust the engine exhaust nozzles (喷口) 30 (redirect) thrust, allowing the plane to carry out previously unimaginable maneuvers at very high angles of attack, meaning its nose is pointed at an angle greatly exceeding the jet’s current vector. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. options B. resolved C. pride D. cautious E. sustained F. assigned G. stretch H. functioning I. unseasonably J. aggressive K. anchoring Silent on Lake Superior: McSorley’s Last Journey By the day he died, Ernest McSorley had built a reputation as the captain who could weather any storm. He was one of the best sailors on the Great Lakes, where he had been ____31____ to pilot the Edmund Fitzgerald, the flagship of Columbia Transportation Division. McSorley took ____32____ in his efficiency, and he always delivered his goods on time, navigating skilfully through dangerous waters. The company valued his ____33____ approach of always pushing forward. On November 9, 1975, the Fitzgerald set sail from Superior, Wisconsin, carrying around 26,000 tons of iron ore. The temperature was ____34____ warm, an early sign that something was wrong. Angry winter weather was already on its way. At7 p.m., the National Weather Service issued a storm warning for Lake Superior, predicting waves up to ten feet tall. McSorley had two ____35____: He could sail straight across the lake to Whitefish Bay, a familiar 30-hour journey, or take the so-called northern route, a 44-hour passage that hugged the Canadian shore, which would protect the ship right up until the final ____36____ of the voyage. McSorley had initially ____37____ to sail the shorter passage. But as conditions worsened, he changed his mind. The captain known for his aggression and efficiency made an uncharacteristically ____38____ decision, choosing the longer northern route. Around 3 p.m. on November 10, Captain Bernie Cooper of the Arthur M. Anderson, a ship traveling nearby, noticed something alarming on his radar screen. Minutes later, the Fitzgerald radioed the Anderson reporting trouble: “I have ____39____ some topside damage,” McSorley said “I’m checking down. Will you stay by me until I get to Whitefish?” Soon after, McSorley learned that both of the Fitzgerald’s radars had stopped. ______40______, and the lighthouse at Whitefish Point had gone dark. Despite his decades of experience, McSorley reported over the radio that he was witnessing “one of the worst seas I’ve ever been in”. After that final transmission, the Fitzgerald stopped answering calls from the Anderson and disappeared from the radar. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context The Sunk Cost Effect In economics, the sunk cost effect is infamous. It occurs whenever we double down on ____41____ financial decisions based on past investments that can’t be recovered. Marketing professor Christopher Olivola points to a few ways that the sunk cost effect is tied to your wallet. You might sit through the entirety of a movie that you ____42____ from the beginning, for instance, if only to justify the cost of the ticket. Similarly, you might ____43____ hitting the gym, even after sustaining a painful injury, if your expensive membership is nonrefundable. “But what is happening in all these situations is that you’re not really getting back that money, or whatever it is you invested,” ‌says Olivola. “That’s part of why it’s not ____44____.” The sunk cost effect can play out ____45____ too. Researchers have tied the same faulty reasoning to ongoing investments in fossil fuels, despite increasingly available energy ____46____ and alarming climate predictions. The ____47____ of the sunk cost effect is a phenomenon that’s been studied time and time again. But researchers still haven’t quite ____48____ the reason humans keep falling for it. Based on his own research, Olivola tends to ____49____ our desire to reduce waste. ‌“We dislike to see ourselves or others as wasteful,” he says. Another possible reason? We tend to open up a mental ‌“bank account” whenever we invest money, time, or effort into something, he says. Subsequently, the only way we can then “close” this account is by getting our ____50____ money’s worth. In certain circumstances, the sunk cost effect could actually help you achieve major ____51____ like becoming more fit or finishing a degree. But if you find yourself ____52____ to past decisions you can’t change, the sunk cost effect is no longer beneficial. How, then, do we overcome this mindset? When it comes to ____53____ the effort, time, or money others have invested in us, it’s important to remember that our friends and family members don’t actually want us to suffer at their expense. Don’t feel too bad if you still find yourself ____54____. Even for Olivola, who has spent more than two decades studying these sorts of things, the sunk cost phenomenon can still be ____55____. “So, you know, if you can overcome it, you’re better than me,” he adds. 41. A. poor B. emotional C. wise D. hesitant 42. A. enjoyed B. hated C. reviewed D. followed 43. A. postpone B. avoid C. continue D. imagine 44. A. natural B. primitive C. formal D. logical 45. A. on a larger scale B. from a more academic angle C. on a more regular basis D. with greater intensity 46. A. statistics B. alternatives C. consumptions D. reserves 47. A. economics B. psychology C. physiology D. history 48. A. responded to B. put forward C. reflected on D. pinned down 49. A. control B. analyze C. exploit D. blame 50. A. private B. foreign C. symbolic D. real 51. A. discoveries B. goals C. reforms D. victories 52. A. anchored B. opposed C. directed D. applied 53. A. honoring B. defining C. ignoring D. regretting 54. A. marching B. changing C. losing D. struggling 55. A. impersonal B. inferior C. irresistible D. irreplaceable Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Decades ago, my friend Caetlin received a special assignment from the poet Robert L. Hass, who instructed each student to memorize three poems of their choosing from The Norton Anthology of American Literature—not for any urgent exam reason, he claimed, but instead to prepare them for their unavoidable future occasions when you’re going to be alone, and poetry is going to be all you have. If the task was as a strange one, it’s because the act of memorizing a poem feels curiously old-fashioned in an era when few of us encounter poetry at all. When I was in graduate school, working toward a degree in English literature, I mostly limited myself to essays. It was only in my 40s that I began to change my ways. It happened in a flight to Seattle. For hours, I read nothing else but a poem. Sometimes I spoke its lines aloud, my voice masked by the airplane’s thrum. Sometimes I went through the whole poem at once, and sometimes I repeated a single stanza (诗节) over and over, and by the time my plane landed on the West Coast, I had the whole thing, all 40 lines of it, in my head. Because the process is as simple as it is very boring, memorizing a great poem always begins as a crime. The boredom of repetition reduces the great charm it has. But as you run your hands through the rock, the lines at last come together again, and the scattered text transforms back into a treasure. In other words, poetry survives continuously by becoming a part of those who read it. It can do so only because it is so specific, so entirely different from us, that taking it in expands our own sense of what we are. Some of the poems I’ve memorized are already fading, and that’s fine. I know that if I spend a little time with them, they’ll sing in me again. Others keep beating in me like a new pulse. I won’t promise you that memorizing poetry will make your life better, but it will make you more: more in touch with language, with other minds, maybe with what you might yet become. 56. Why did Robert L. Hass advise students to read poems? A. To become literature professors. B. To prepare for the coming exams. C. To compose more original poems. D. To relieve their future loneliness. 57. Why does the author say that memorizing a poem begins as a crime? A. It’s out of date to recite poems. B. Repetition wastes a lot of time. C. Repetition ruins the poem’s beauty. D. It’s a shame to read poems on plane. 58. How does understanding poetry influence us? A. By broadening self-understanding. B. By refreshing our good memories. C. By helping us survive the hard life. D. By reminding us to forget the past. 59. What is the author’s attitude towards memorizing poetry in the last paragraph? A. Doubtful. B. Reserved. C. Appreciative. D. Critical. (B) LONDON’S BEST THEATRE SHOWS FOR TEENS AND OLDER KIDS The Secret Garden A musical based on the classic novel about Mary Lennox, a girl who discovers a hidden garden and, with it, a new sense of hope and family. Kids will be drawn in by the wonderful setting and the heartwarming story, while teens will value the themes of healing (治愈) and growth. Age: 10+ Date: 24th July 2024 Venue (举办地点): Regent’s Park Open Air Theatre Hello Dolly Imelda Staunton returns to the West End for the classic musical “Hello Dolly”. The story follows the activities of Dolly Gallagher Levi as she sets up marriages in 1890s New York City. Kids will be excited by the colourful sets and costumes, while older teens who may be Harry Potter fans will love seeing Dolores Umbridge, also known as Imelda Staunton, being very funny. Age: 4+ Date: 11th January-14th September 2024 Venue: London Palladium Babies School’s back, and Year 11 students are in for a wild ride! This term, it’s about babies. These plastic simulator dolls (塑料仿真娃娃) are here to teach the teens a thing or two about responsibility. Over one week, beliefs, minds and nappies (尿布) are changed! Kids will love the comedy of watching teens deal with “parenthood.” Age: 11+ Date: Until 14th July 2024 Venue: The Other Palace-Main Theatre Hamilton Hamilton is based on the life story of American politician Alexander Hamilton whose ambition (抱负) led him to an American war hero and George Washington’s right-hand man. This musical offers a mix of hip-hop, jazz, R&B, and Broadway and is perfect for kids who want to feel inspired. Age: 10+ Date: until 29th March 2025 Venue: Victoria Palace Theatre 60. What do we know about The Secret Garden? A. It teaches teens to get along with their parents. B. It is a great choice for a 13-year-old. C. It will be shown till next year. D. It is based on a famous film. 61. Which of the following does a Harry Potter actress perform in? A. Hamilton. B. Babies. C. The Secret Garden. D. Hello Dolly. 62. Where can teens enjoy mixed types of music? A. The Other Palace-Main Theatre. B. Regent’s Park Open Air Theatre. C. Victoria Palace Theatre. D. London Palladium. (C) Huge health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily. Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician. A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries (老年医保受惠人). The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors. How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed (返还费用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease. Combining this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately (任意地) cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care. Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U. S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results I emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors. How do we fix this problem? It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳的) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving students loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries. We’re at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade. Who will be there to treat them? 63．We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that ________. A．the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cure B．seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errors C．visiting the same doctor on a regular basis ensures good health D．the more doctors a patient sees, the better 64．Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to ________. A．increase their income by working overtime B．improve their expertise and service C．see more patients at the expense of quality D．make various deals with specialists 65．What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care? A．Bridge the salary gap between specialist and primary care physicians. B．Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases. C．Recruit more medical students by offering them loans. D．Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major. 66．The best title for this passage is ________. A．The Health Care in Trouble B．The Imbalance System C．The Declining Number of Doctors D．The Ever-rising Health Care Costs Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Am I Being Tracked? Technology enables people to do many extraordinary things, but it can also be misused and cause harm. Fortunately, additional developments can counter some of these negative uses of technology. ____67____ Bluetooth location trackers were designed to help people recover lost items, such as suitcases or wallets. They can also be placed in cars to help a person find their car if it gets stolen. But they can also be planted in someone else’s bag or car without that person’s permission to track them without their knowledge. ____68____Unfortunately, people who choose to track others often have bad motives that place the people they track in great danger. ____69____But if yours doesn’t or if you want to be able to detect more brands of trackers, you can download apps that will do a more thorough job. Tracker detection apps notify the phone’s owner if the phone detects a tracker that has been near it for an extended time. There is often a delay between when the tracker is detected and when the notification is sent. ____70____ For example, if someone has a tracker on their key and walks past you in a public place, that will not trigger a notification. But if the tracker remains near you for a whole day, especially if you are moving, it is probably on something you own, and the app will notify you. If you suspect that someone is tracking you, take action now to avoid a potentially dangerous situation. A. So if you place a tracker in your own bag, for example, it will not activate the app. B. Bluetooth trackers are small, so victims of tracking seldom find them if they do not know to search for them. C. That way, if they misplace the object the tracker is attached to, they can look up the information to find it again. D. Smartphones can search for trackers, and some now have built-in settings that will send you a notification if you are being tracked. E. This is the case with tracking technology, which has undergone many improvements in recent years. F. This is meant to avoid false alarms in case the tracker belongs to someone else who just happens to be nearby. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Brain Hunger Do you ever feel like no matter how much you eat, you are still not full? You may be suffering from a condition known as “brain hunger.” This occurs when the dopamine signaling in your brain is damaged, making it difficult for your body to recognize when it has had enough food. What are the underlying causes of brain hunger? Genetics can play a role. Research has shown that the dopamine receptor D4 gene may be responsible for regulating cognitive functions related to eating behavior and body weight. Some people have this gene variation that does not allow for a normal dopamine release in response to things that typically would bring joy and pleasure, including food. This means that those individuals won’t get the same “high” feeling they would normally experience when eating. Obesity is also linked to brain hunger. Brain scans of obese individuals show changes in dopamine signaling pathways which can lead to less recognition of the feeling of being full even after a meal. While it is still unclear whether obesity or genetics is the primary contributor to brain hunger, one thing is certain: losing weight alone is not enough for those affected. Studies show that certain areas of the brain responsible for sensing fullness do not change even with weight loss, which could lead to continued hunger and weight regain. So, what came first: genetics or obesity that cause this brain signaling change? It is possible that if someone has a genetic tendency to be affected by this abnormal dopamine signaling, an environmental trigger can start a series of brain hunger which brings about overeating. It is also important to practice mindful eating and pay attention to hunger cues to begin perceiving the feeling of being full. Brain hunger can be an uncomfortable and frustrating condition, but it is possible to manage through a combination of treatments. 71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 超速不仅对于你的乘客而言是非常危险的，而且也是违反法律的。(against)（汉译英） _____________________________________________ 73. 通过这部纪录片，导演成功地向观众传递了保护濒危物种的重要性。(communicate) (汉译英) _____________________________________________ 74. 这位软件工程师每每遇到问题时都会向团队求助，这足以说明团队协作的核心价值。（汉译英）（Every time . . .） _____________________________________________ 75. 这位餐厅经理坚持认为，只有当公众真正了解海草并愿意接受它作为食物来源时，规模化生产才有意义。(seaweed) （汉译英） _____________________________________________ VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home) 陪老人过中秋节(Mid-Autumn Festival)。请给外教Lucy写封邮件，邀请她一同前往，内容包括： 1. 出发及返回时间。 2. 活动内容：吃月饼，赏月等。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Lucy, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ Yours, Li Hua 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Listening comprehension section a directions in section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation and the question about IT, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you've heard. One, i'm going to exchange some money for my trip to spain . tomorrow. Go with you, but I need to get some aspirin for my headache right now. Question, where will the woman most probably go first? Two, what's up? You look so upset? I should . have turned in my paper yesterday, but I totally slipped my . mind question, what's the man's problem? Three, which kind of movie do you like Better thriller or romance? Anything but a thillard . question, what does the woman mean? For can you believe that mary has made quite a lot of mistakes in calculation in her lab report? Well, SHE wouldn't have if he hadn't been in such a rush to . get that done. Question, why did mary make so many mistakes in her report? Five, my cousin lily said he had mailed me some desks, but they never came. You've just moved into a new dormant. Did you remind her to update the address question? What can we learn from the conversation? Six, wow, you've made enough food to feed an army, so we will have . plenty of leftover for tomorrow. Lunch question, what can be inferred from the conversation? Seven, i'm exhausted. I stayed up all nights studying for my biology final exam, but it's in vin. Well, there is no shortcut to learning, only constant effort works. Question, what does the woman mean? Eight, it's the third time this week my room made through a party in our room. I wonder if I should talk to someone at the housing office about changing rooms. IT seems that you've got a sound reason. Now question, what does the man imply the woman should do? Nine, did you hear Helen has got the modeling job? Wow, all that walking practice really paid off. And for once, SHE won't be complaining about being so tall. Question, what can we know about Helen? Ten, many chinese students are too shy to say anything in the classroom. Well, I think it's because their culture, values, modesty, and they don't want to appear to be showing off. Question, what does the man mean? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. The united kingdom is a group of islands off the coast of europe, but IT hasn't always been that way. Many thousands of years ago, the U. K. Was attached to europe by a stretch of land known as dogger land. And the evidence of the people who live there is regularly found roughly twelve thousand years ago as the last major ice age was ending. The area that is, now the north sea was very different. Instead of water, the area had hills, wetlands and valleys full of trees. Stone age people lived in dogger land. They were hunter gathering who moved with the seasons and lived by fishing, hunting and gathering food such as nuts and barriers. Over time, they were slowly flooded out of their hunting grounds. Water, which had been locked away in glaser, began to melt, drowning dogger land. Around six thousand years ago, people were forced into the higher ground in water. Today's england and the netherlands, the evidence of the ancient people's presence can be found on the sea floor, where modern Fishermen often find bones and tools that date back two, about nine thousand years ago. Those studying dogger land say the climate change faced by ancient people is similar to that we have now. They say that a similar situation could affect the billions of people who live within sixty kilometers of a sea shore today. If polar ice caps continue to melt, add a rapid pace. Now listen again, please. The united kingdom is a group of islands off the coast of europe, but IT hasn't always been that way. Many thousands of years ago, the U. K. Was attached to europe by a stretch of land known as dog land. And the evidence of the people who lived there is regularly found roughly twelve thousand years ago as the last major ice age was ending. The area that is, now the north sea was very different. Instead of water, the area had hills, wetlands and full of trees. Stone age people lived in dogger land. They were hunter gathers who moved with the seasons and lived by fishing, hunting and gathering food such as nuts and barriers. Over time, they were slowly flooded out of their hunting grounds. Water, which had been locked away in glaser, began to melt, drowning dogger land. Around six thousand years ago, people were forced in the higher ground in water. Today's england and the netherlands, the evidence of the ancient people's presence can be found on the sea floor, where modern Fishermen often find bones and tools that date back two, about nine thousand years ago. Those studying dogger land say the climate change faced by ancient people is similar to that we have now. They say that a similar situation could affect the billions of people who live within sixty kilometers of a sea shore today. If polar ice caps continue to melt, add a rapid pace. Questions eleven, why did stone age people leave dog land? Twelve, what can we learn about dog land? Thirteen, what can be inferred from the passage? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. IT is hard to imagine that plants or animals could ever exist on mars, but scientists continue to look for evidence. NASA, america's space agency, has found there was surface water on the mars. So since that discovery, they have been looking for chemicals that would be present if there once was, or still is, life on the planet. At a meeting in california, NASA scientists reported an important discovery on mars. They said for the first time that they had done very small amounts of barren. Barren is an important chemical that could help build RNA molecules. And RNA molecules are one of the basic building parts for life. The next spacecraft is planned to launch soon. IT will bring rocks from mars back to earth. Scientists in britain are getting ready for those mars rocks now. Before this, using a powerful microscope, they have already examined two hundred million year old volcanic rocks found deep in the pacific ocean. The microscope showed holes on the rocks caused by tiny living things called microbes. Microbes are the oldest form of life on earth. Next, the scientists in britain will examine rocks which contain ancient material from mars. The material comes from a time when mars would have been more likely to support life. The scientists hoped to get the same findings in the rocks from mars as the ones they saw in the ocean rocks. If they do, they predict that the rocks coming directly from mars will also show signs of life. Now listen again, please. IT is hard to imagine that plants or animals could ever exist on mars, but scientists continue to look for evidence. NASA, america's space agency, has found there was surface water on the mars, so since that discovery, they have been looking for chemicals that would be present if there once was, or still is life on the planet. At a meeting in california, NASA scientists reported an important discovery on mars. They said for the first time that they had done very small amounts of barren. Barren is an important chemical that could help build RNA molecules, and RNA molecules are one of the basic building parts for life. The next spacecraft is planned to launch soon. IT will bring rocks from mars back to earth. Scientists in britain are getting ready for those mars rocks now. Before this, using a powerful microscope, they have already examined two hundred million year old volcanic rocks found deep in the pacific ocean. The microscope showed holes on the rocks caused by tiny living things called microbes. Microbes are the oldest form of life on earth. Next, the scientists in britain will examine rocks which contain ancient material from mars. The material comes from a time when mars would have been more likely to support life. The scientists hoped to get the same findings in the rocks from mars as the ones they saw in the ocean rocks. If they do, they predict that the rocks coming directly from mars will also show signs of life questions. Fourteen, which of the following statements is true according to the passage? Fifteen, what do scientists hope to fine through examining the rocks from mars? Sixteen, what is the passage mainly about? Questions seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. Welcome, joe. You made an amazing journey traveling across europe on a skate board. What made you decide to do IT? Two years ago, I was fed up with my job, and I heard about board walk, a nonprofit organization that helps teenagers with difficulties. So I planned to raise money for board walk by skate boarding through france to spain, about three thousand kilometers. Did you get help from local businesses? definitely. The travel agent in my town provided boat tickets to our starting point on the north coast. france. great. Did you travel on your own? Two friends in their camp. Er van acted as a backup vehicle. They didn't actually follow me, but they Carry the tents and luggage between the overnight the stock finally enough, their van broke down a couple of times while I had no problems at all with my skate board, although I took several spare sets . of wheels. How many pairs of . shoes did you need? Five pairs. There was one pair of trainers that only lasted a day that was crossing the mountains into spain. The roads were really steep and stony, and I could see snow up on the mountain tops coming down was terrible because I had to use my foot as a break. By the end of the day, the new pair of trainers were ruined. And how do you feel now? It's all over fantastic because IT has been so successful for board walk. I'm going to be a member of them soon. I expected to feel depressed, but i've been busy sorting the material of my trip. IT is meaningful. That's great. Thanks for talking to us. joe. Now listening again. Please welcome, joe. You made an amazing journey traveling across europe on a skateboard. What made you decide to do? IT? Two years ago, I was fed up with my job, and I heard about board walk, a nonprofit organization that helps teenagers with difficulties. So I planned to raise money for board, walk by skype ing through france to spain, about three thousand kilometers. Did you get help from local businesses? definitely. The travel agent in my town provided boat tickets to our starting point on the north coast of friends. great. Did you travel on your own? Two friends in their camp, er van acted as a backup vehicle. They didn't actually follow me, but they Carried the tense and luggage between the overnight night stops. Funding enough there, then broke down a couple of times. Well, I had no problems at all with my skate board, although I took several spare . sets of wheels. How many pairs . of shoes did you need? Five pairs. There was one pair of trainers that only lasted a day that was crossing the mountains into spain. The roads were really steep and stony, and I could see snow up on the mountain tops coming down was terrible because I had to use my foot as a break. By the end of the day, the new pair of trainers were ruined. And how do you feel? Now it's all over. fantastic. Because IT has been so successful for board walk. I'm going to be a member of them soon. I expected to feel depressed, but i've been busy sorting the material of my trip. IT is meaningful. That's great. Thanks for talking to us. Show questions seventeen, why did joe start the journey on a skateboard? Eighteen, what did jose friends do along the journey? Nineteen, how did joe ruin a new pair of trainers within a day? Twenty, what might joe do after the interview? 高二英语下学期期中模拟卷02（上海通用） 英 语·全解全析 （满分140分，考试用时120分钟） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 测试范围：选择性必修第三册Units 1~2（沪外版） 4. 难度系数：0.65。 5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. To a bank. B. To a travel agency. C. To a drugstore. D. To Spain. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: I’m going to exchange some money for my trip to Spain tomorrow. W: I’ll go with you. But I need to get some aspirin for my headache right now. Q: Where will the woman most probably go first? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He forgot to submit his paper. B. He misremembered the deadline. C. He didn’t finish his paper on time. D. He couldn’t focus his mind on the paper. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: What’s up? You look so upset. M: I should have turned in my paper yesterday, but it totally slipped my mind. Q: What’s the man’s problem? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She is a movie enthusiast. B. She prefers thrillers to romances. C. She doesn’t like thrillers. D. She is not in the mood for any movie. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: Which kind of movie do you like better, thriller or romance? W: Anything but a thriller. Q: What does the woman mean? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Because she is not good at calculating. B. Because she hurried to finish the report. C. Because she is quite a careless person. D. Because she cited unconfirmed figures. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Can you believe that Mary has made quite a lot of mistakes in calculation in her lab report? M: Well, she wouldn’t have if she hadn’t been in such a rush to get it done. Q: Why did Mary make so many mistakes in her report? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Lily forgot to deliver discs to the man. B. The man failed to renew the address. C. Lily planned to visit the new dormitory. D. The discs might have been mailed to the former place. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: My cousin Lily said she had mailed me some discs, but they never came. W: You’ve just moved into a new dormitory. Did you remind her to update the address? Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman doesn’t enjoy the leftovers. B. The man is an excellent cook in the army. C. The man has invited many people for lunch. D. The man intentionally prepared much food. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: Wow, you’ve made enough food to feed an army. M: So we will have plenty of leftover for tomorrow lunch. Q: What can be inferred from the conversation? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A The man should be more diligent. B. Cramming is effective for an exam. C. Biology is indeed difficult to learn. D. The man shouldn’t have stayed up that late. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: I’m exhausted. I stayed up all night studying for my biology final exam but it’s in vain. W: Well, there is no shortcut to learning. Only constant effort works. Q: What does the woman mean? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Arrange to apply for another room. B. Make a complaint about her roommate. C. Ask her roommate to move out of the room. D. Change rooms with someone in the housing office. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: It’s the 3rd time this week my roommate threw a party in our room. I wonder if I should talk to someone at the housing office about changing rooms. M: It seems that you’ve got a sound reason now. Q: What does the man imply the woman should do? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Helen’s hard work is rewarding. B. Helen is an accomplished job hunter. C Helen always complains about her job. D. Helen is viewed as a model by the speakers. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Did you hear? Helen has got the modeling job. W: Wow! All that walking practice really paid off. And for once she won’t be complaining about being so tall. Q: What can we know about Helen? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Every student should value Chinese culture. B. Chinese students are humble and reserved. C. He is deeply impressed by Chinese culture. D. Chinese students lack the courage to share ideas. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Many Chinese students are too shy to say anything in a classroom. M: Well I think it’s because their culture values modesty, and they don’t want to appear to be showing off. Q: What does the man mean? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. To relocate to safer grounds. B. To migrate with the seasons. C. To seek more hunting grounds. D. To gather more food for survival. 12. A. It once belonged to the North Sea. B. It was drowned by the meltwater. C. It was an island abundant in wildlife. D. It was unveiled by the modern fishermen. 13. A. Polar ice caps will continue to melt at a rapid rate. B. The sea floor witnessed the rise and fall of the Europe. C. Doggerland is the birthplace of English civilization. D. Coastal residents are vulnerable to the climate change. 【答案】11. A 12. B 13. D 【解析】 【原文】The United Kingdom is a group of islands off the coast of Europe — but it hasn’t always been that way. Many thousands of years ago, the UK was attached to Europe by a stretch of land known as Doggerland. And the evidence of the people who lived there is regularly found. Roughly 12,000 years ago, as the last major ice age was ending, the area that is now the North Sea was very different. Instead of water, the area had hills, wetlands and valleys full of trees. Stone Age people lived in Doggerland. They were hunter-gatherers who moved with the seasons and lived by fishing, hunting, and gathering food such as nuts and berries. Over time, they were slowly flooded out of their hunting grounds. Water which had been locked away in glacier began to melt, drowning Doggerland. Around 6,000 years ago, people were forced onto higher ground in what are today’s England and the Netherlands. The evidence of the ancient people’s presence can be found on the sea floor, where modern fishermen often find bones and tools that date back to about 9,000 years ago. Those studying Doggerland say the climate change faced by ancient people is similar to that we have now. They say that a similar situation could affect the billions of people who live within 60 kilometers of a sea shore today if polar ice caps continue to melt at a rapid pace. (Now listen again please.) Questions: 11. Why did Stone Age people leave Doggerland? 12. What can we learn about Doggerland? 13. What can be inferred from the passage? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. Scientists in Britain are going to collect rocks on Mars. B. The discovery of Boron is a milestone in Mars exploration. C. Evidence indicates there exist plants and animals on Mars. D. The microscope is mainly used to identify different rocks. 15. A. Basic molecules for life. B. More essential chemicals. C. Holes caused by microbes. D. Ancient material from Mars. 16. A. The development of life on Mars. B. The search for signs of life on Mars. C. The importance of research on rocks. D. The discovery of surface water on Mars. 【答案】14. B 15. C 16. B 【解析】 【原文】It is hard to imagine that plants or animals could ever exist on Mars. But scientists continue to look for evidence. NASA, America’s space agency, has found there was surface water on the Mars. So since that discovery, they have been looking for chemicals that would be present if there once was or still is life on the planet. At a meeting in California, NASA scientists reported an important discovery on Mars. They said for the first time that they had found very small amounts of boron. Boron is an important chemical that could help build RNA molecules. And RNA molecules are one of the basic building parts for life. The next spacecraft is planned to launch soon. It will bring rocks from Mars back to Earth. Scientists in Britain are getting ready for those Mars rocks now. Before this, using a powerful microscope, they have already examined million-year-old volcanic rocks found deep in the Pacific Ocean. The microscope showed holes on the rocks caused by tiny living things called microbes. Microbes are the oldest form of life on Earth. Next, the scientists in Britain will examine rocks which contain ancient material from Mars. The material comes from a time when Mars would have been more likely to support life. The scientists hope to get the same findings in the rocks from Mars as the ones they saw in the ocean rocks. If they do, they predict that the rocks coming directly from Mars will also show signs of life. (Now listen again please.) Questions: 14. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? 15. What do scientists hope to find through examining the rocks from Mars? 16. What is the passage mainly about? 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. To practise skateboarding. B. To encourage teenagers in trouble. C. To support a non-profit organization. D. To fulfil his dream of touring Europe. 18. A. They served as tour guides for Joe. B. They kept a record of Joe’s journey. C. They transported equipment for Joe. D. They took care of Joe’s accommodation. 19. A. He covered a rather long distance. B. He tried to follow his friends’ van. C. He fell down and broke the trainers. D. He climbed over the rugged mountains. 20. A. Prepare for another trip. B. Resign from his current job. C. Write a book about his journey. D. Renew a contract with the organization. 【答案】17. C 18. C 19. D 20. B 【解析】 【原文】W: Welcome, Joe. You made an amazing journey, travelling across Europe on a skateboard. What made you decide to do it? M: Two years ago I was fed up with my job and I heard about Boardwalk, a nonprofit organization that helps teenagers with difficulties. So I planned to raise money for Boardwalk by skateboarding through France to the Spain — about 3,000 kilometers. W: Did you get help from local businesses? M: Definitely. The travel agent in my town provided boat tickets to our starting point on the north coast of France. W: Great! Did you travel on your own? M: Two friends in their camper van acted as a back-up vehicle. They didn’t actually follow me but they carried the tents and luggage between the overnight stops. Funnily enough, their van broke down a couple of times, while I had no problems at all with my skateboard, although I took several spare sets of wheels. W: How many pairs of shoes did you need? M: Five pairs! There was one pair of trainers that only lasted a day. That was crossing the mountains into Spain. The roads were really steep and stony and I could see snow up on the mountain tops. Coming down was terrible because I had to use my foot as a brake. By the end of the day, the new pair of trainers were ruined. W: And how do you feel now it’s all over? M: Fantastic, because it has been so successful for Boardwalk. I’m going to be a member of them soon. I expected to feel depressed but I’ve been busy sorting the material of my trip. It is meaningful. W: That’s great. Thanks for talking to us, Joe. (Now listen again please.) Questions: 17. Why did Joe start the journey on a skateboard? 18. What did Joe’s friends do along the journey? 19. How did Joe ruin a new pair of trainers within a day? 20. What might Joe do after the interview? II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Fifth-generation Combat Planes Displayed on China’s Military Parade The People’s Liberation Army has displayed all types of its fifth-generation combat planes on active duty for the first time via the grand parade on Wednesday, a move that observers say 21 (intend) to show its world-class air prowess. All of the five models — the J-20, J-20A, J-20S and J-35A of the PLA Air Force as well as the PLA Navy’s J-35 — thundered past the Tian’anmen Square in central Beijing as they flew in several arrowhead-shaped groups around the end of a 70-minute parade, 22 (mark) the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War. Wang Yanan, chief editor of Aerospace Knowledge magazine, told China Daily that this is the first time in the history of the People’s Republic of China that so much new hardware 23 (send) to a parade. “ 24 we have seen is an unprecedented unveiling of China’s domestically developed weaponry such as those new aircraft. All of these previously unseen weapons have state-of-the-art designs and superior capabilities, and have tremendously enhanced the Chinese armed forces’ overall strength,” Wang said. The J-20S, like other members of the J-20 series, was designed by the Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute. The twin-seat plane is characterized by its supreme ability to seize superiority in air combat, carry out precision strikes 25 land and sea targets, and perform battlefield situational awareness, electronic jamming as well as tactical command and control The twin-seat variant (变体) can have a backup flight-control system 26 (install) for the backseat operator to use 27 the main system malfunctions or is damaged in action, or the front-seat pilot becomes incapacitated. The J-20A, 28 J-20 variant, has several external differences from the baseline model: an enlarged spine, reshaped nosecone, and modified engine intakes optimized for new, mightier engines developed by Chinese engineers on their own. Its engines are widely believed to have thrust (推力) vector control technology 29 provides significant benefits in flight maneuverability (机动性). The technology enables a pilot to adjust the engine exhaust nozzles (喷口) 30 (redirect) thrust, allowing the plane to carry out previously unimaginable maneuvers at very high angles of attack, meaning its nose is pointed at an angle greatly exceeding the jet’s current vector. 【答案】 21．is intended 22．marking 23．has been sent 24．What 25．against/on 26．installed 27．in case 28．another 29．that/which 30．to redirect 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国阅兵展示的第五代战机及其先进性能与技术创新。 21．考查时态和语态以及主谓一致。句意：中国人民解放军周三通过盛大的阅兵式首次展示了所有现役的第五代战斗机，观察人士称此举旨在展示其世界级的空中实力。此处为非限制性定语从句中的谓语，intend与先行词move之间是被动关系，所以使用被动语态，根据say可知，此处应使用一般现在时，从句主语that指代先行词move，为单数意义，所以be动词使用is。故填is intended。 22．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国人民解放军空军的歼-20、歼-20A、歼-20S和歼-35A以及海军的歼-35等五种型号的飞机，在70分钟的阅兵式结束时，分成几个箭头形状的编队飞过北京市中心的天安门广场，标志着中国人民抗日战争（1931-45年）和世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年。此处为非谓语动词作状语，mark与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式。故填marking。 23．考查时态和语态以及主谓一致。句意：《航空航天知识》杂志主编王亚楠告诉《中国日报》，这是中华人民共和国历史上首次有如此多的新硬件参加阅兵。此处为谓语动词，结合语意可知，此处表示“被送去”，所以使用被动语态，根据时间状语in the history of the People’s Republic of China可知，此处应使用现在完成时，主语hardware为不可数名词，所以助动词使用has。故填has been sent。 24．考查表语从句。句意：我们所看到的是中国自主研发的武器前所未有的亮相，比如那些新飞机。此处为连接代词引导的表语从句，从句中缺少主语，结合句意可知，此处表示“我们看到的”，所以使用连接代词what，句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 25．考查介词。句意：双座飞机以其在空战中夺取优势、对陆地和海上目标进行精确打击以及执行战场态势感知、电子干扰以及战术指挥和控制方面的卓越能力而著称。结合语意可知，此处表示“对陆地和海上目标进行精确打击”，所以使用介词against/on表示“对”。故填against/on。 26．考查非谓语动词。句意：双座变体可以安装一个备用飞行控制系统，供后座操作员在主系统发生故障或在行动中受损时使用，或者前座飞行员丧失能力时使用。此处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，install与逻辑主语system之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式installed。故填installed。 27．考查固定短语。句意：双座变体可以安装一个备用飞行控制系统，供后座操作员在主系统发生故障或在行动中受损时使用，或者前座飞行员丧失能力时使用。结合语意可知，此处表示“以防”，所以使用固定短语in case。故填in case。 28．考查限定词。句意：歼-20A是歼-20的另一个变体，与基线型号有几个外部差异：扩大的脊背、重新设计的鼻锥和修改后的发动机进气口，为中国工程师自主开发的新型、更强大的发动机进行了优化。结合语意可知，此处表示“另一个变体”，所以使用限定词another。故填another。 29．考查定语从句。句意：人们普遍认为，它的发动机具有推力矢量控制技术，这种技术可以显著提高飞行机动性。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为technology，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 30．考查非谓语动词。句意：这项技术使飞行员能够调整发动机排气喷口以重新引导推力，使飞机能够以非常高的攻角进行以前难以想象的机动，这意味着飞机的机头指向的角度大大超过了飞机当前的矢量。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合语意可知，此处表示“为了重新引导推力”，所以使用动词不定式形式，表目的。故填to redirect。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. options B. resolved C. pride D. cautious E. sustained F. assigned G. stretch H. functioning I. unseasonably J. aggressive K. anchoring Silent on Lake Superior: McSorley’s Last Journey By the day he died, Ernest McSorley had built a reputation as the captain who could weather any storm. He was one of the best sailors on the Great Lakes, where he had been ____31____ to pilot the Edmund Fitzgerald, the flagship of Columbia Transportation Division. McSorley took ____32____ in his efficiency, and he always delivered his goods on time, navigating skilfully through dangerous waters. The company valued his ____33____ approach of always pushing forward. On November 9, 1975, the Fitzgerald set sail from Superior, Wisconsin, carrying around 26,000 tons of iron ore. The temperature was ____34____ warm, an early sign that something was wrong. Angry winter weather was already on its way. At7 p.m., the National Weather Service issued a storm warning for Lake Superior, predicting waves up to ten feet tall. McSorley had two ____35____: He could sail straight across the lake to Whitefish Bay, a familiar 30-hour journey, or take the so-called northern route, a 44-hour passage that hugged the Canadian shore, which would protect the ship right up until the final ____36____ of the voyage. McSorley had initially ____37____ to sail the shorter passage. But as conditions worsened, he changed his mind. The captain known for his aggression and efficiency made an uncharacteristically ____38____ decision, choosing the longer northern route. Around 3 p.m. on November 10, Captain Bernie Cooper of the Arthur M. Anderson, a ship traveling nearby, noticed something alarming on his radar screen. Minutes later, the Fitzgerald radioed the Anderson reporting trouble: “I have ____39____ some topside damage,” McSorley said “I’m checking down. Will you stay by me until I get to Whitefish?” Soon after, McSorley learned that both of the Fitzgerald’s radars had stopped. ______40______, and the lighthouse at Whitefish Point had gone dark. Despite his decades of experience, McSorley reported over the radio that he was witnessing “one of the worst seas I’ve ever been in”. After that final transmission, the Fitzgerald stopped answering calls from the Anderson and disappeared from the radar. 【答案】31. F 32. C 33. J 34. I 35. A 36. G 37. B 38. D 39. E 40. H 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述“埃德蒙·菲茨杰拉德”号船长麦克索利的最后航行，因遭遇恶劣天气，这艘船最终在苏必利尔湖失联的故事。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：他是五大湖区最优秀的水手之一，被指派驾驶哥伦比亚运输部的旗舰“埃德蒙·菲茨杰拉德”号。根据前文“one of the best sailors”可知，他能力出众，因此被分配驾驶旗舰，“assigned”意为“指派，分配”，符合“优秀水手得到重任”的语境。故选F。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：麦克索利为自己的高效感到自豪，他总是能熟练地在危险水域航行，按时运送货物。根据后文“always delivered his goods on time”可知，他对自己的工作效率很满意，“take pride in”是固定短语，意为“为……感到自豪”，符合语境。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：公司看重他那种锐意进取、果敢激进的工作方式。根据后文“pushing forward”可知，他的工作态度是积极进取、作风果敢的，aggressive意为“果敢的，锐意进取的”，修饰approach，符合“公司重视的工作方式”的描述。故选J。 【34题详解】 考查副词。句意：气温异常温暖，这是出事的早期征兆。根据后文“Angry winter weather was already on its way”可知，反常的温暖天气是风暴将至的信号，“unseasonably”意为“反常地”，修饰warm，符合“天气异常”的语境。故选I。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：麦克索利有两个选择：要么直接穿过湖面前往怀特菲什湾，这段航程他很熟悉，需要30小时；要么选择所谓的北线航道，沿着加拿大海岸航行，全程44小时，这条航道几乎可以一直保护船只，直到航行的最后一段路程。根据后文列举的两条不同航行路线可知，此处指船长面临两种航行方案，“options”意为“选择”，符合“两种航道可选”的语境。故选A。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：麦克索利有两个选择：要么直接穿过湖面前往怀特菲什湾，这段航程他很熟悉，需要30小时；要么选择所谓的北线航道，沿着加拿大海岸航行，全程44小时，这条航道几乎可以一直保护船只，直到航行的最后一段路程。根据前文“the final”可知，此处指航行的最后一段路程，“stretch”意为“（路程的）一段”，符合“航道保护船只直至最后一段航程”的描述。故选G。 【37题详解】 考查动词。句意：麦克索利最初决定走更短的那条航道。根据后文“But as conditions worsened, he changed his mind”可知，他一开始有明确的决定，“resolved”意为“决定，决心”，符合“先决定后改主意”的逻辑。故选B。 【38题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这位以果敢高效著称的船长，做出了一个一反常态的谨慎决定，选择了更长的北线航道。根据前文“aggression and efficiency”和“uncharacteristically”可知，他这次的决定和以往的果敢不同，变得小心谨慎，“cautious”意为“谨慎的”，符合“一反常态的选择”的语境。故选D。 【39题详解】 考查动词。句意：“我船的上层建筑受损了，”麦克索利说，“我正在检查情况。你能在我到达怀特菲什湾之前陪着我吗？”根据后文“some topside damage”可知，船只在航行中遭遇了损坏，“sustained”意为“遭受，符合“船只受损”的语境。故选E。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：不久之后，麦克索利发现“埃德蒙·菲茨杰拉德”号的两台雷达都停止了运转，怀特菲什角的灯塔也熄灭了。根据前文“stopped”可知，此处指雷达设备无法正常工作，“functioning”意为“运转，工作”，符合“雷达失灵”的描述。故选H。 III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context The Sunk Cost Effect In economics, the sunk cost effect is infamous. It occurs whenever we double down on ____41____ financial decisions based on past investments that can’t be recovered. Marketing professor Christopher Olivola points to a few ways that the sunk cost effect is tied to your wallet. You might sit through the entirety of a movie that you ____42____ from the beginning, for instance, if only to justify the cost of the ticket. Similarly, you might ____43____ hitting the gym, even after sustaining a painful injury, if your expensive membership is nonrefundable. “But what is happening in all these situations is that you’re not really getting back that money, or whatever it is you invested,” ‌says Olivola. “That’s part of why it’s not ____44____.” The sunk cost effect can play out ____45____ too. Researchers have tied the same faulty reasoning to ongoing investments in fossil fuels, despite increasingly available energy ____46____ and alarming climate predictions. The ____47____ of the sunk cost effect is a phenomenon that’s been studied time and time again. But researchers still haven’t quite ____48____ the reason humans keep falling for it. Based on his own research, Olivola tends to ____49____ our desire to reduce waste. ‌“We dislike to see ourselves or others as wasteful,” he says. Another possible reason? We tend to open up a mental ‌“bank account” whenever we invest money, time, or effort into something, he says. Subsequently, the only way we can then “close” this account is by getting our ____50____ money’s worth. In certain circumstances, the sunk cost effect could actually help you achieve major ____51____ like becoming more fit or finishing a degree. But if you find yourself ____52____ to past decisions you can’t change, the sunk cost effect is no longer beneficial. How, then, do we overcome this mindset? When it comes to ____53____ the effort, time, or money others have invested in us, it’s important to remember that our friends and family members don’t actually want us to suffer at their expense. Don’t feel too bad if you still find yourself ____54____. Even for Olivola, who has spent more than two decades studying these sorts of things, the sunk cost phenomenon can still be ____55____. “So, you know, if you can overcome it, you’re better than me,” he adds. 41. A. poor B. emotional C. wise D. hesitant 42. A. enjoyed B. hated C. reviewed D. followed 43. A. postpone B. avoid C. continue D. imagine 44. A. natural B. primitive C. formal D. logical 45. A. on a larger scale B. from a more academic angle C. on a more regular basis D. with greater intensity 46. A. statistics B. alternatives C. consumptions D. reserves 47. A. economics B. psychology C. physiology D. history 48. A. responded to B. put forward C. reflected on D. pinned down 49. A. control B. analyze C. exploit D. blame 50. A. private B. foreign C. symbolic D. real 51. A. discoveries B. goals C. reforms D. victories 52. A. anchored B. opposed C. directed D. applied 53. A. honoring B. defining C. ignoring D. regretting 54. A. marching B. changing C. losing D. struggling 55. A. impersonal B. inferior C. irresistible D. irreplaceable 【答案】41. A 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. B 48. D 49. D 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. A 54. D 55. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了经济学中的“沉没成本效应”，即人们倾向于依据无法收回的既往投入而继续做出非理性决策的现象，探讨了其在日常生活、大型项目中的表现，以及背后的心理原因和可能的应对方法。 【41题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每当我们基于无法收回的既往投入而加倍坚持糟糕的财务决策时，它就会发生。A. poor糟糕的；B. emotional情绪的；C. wise明智的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据前文“infamous(声名狼藉的)”和第二段中所举的明知电影难看仍坚持看完的例子可知，这种行为是“糟糕的”决策。故选A项。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，你可能会坚持看完一部你从一开始就不喜欢的电影，仅仅是为了让票价值得。A. enjoyed享受；B. hated不喜欢，讨厌；C. reviewed复习；D. followed跟随。根据后文“if only to justify the cost of the ticket”可知，坚持看完电影仅仅是为了让票价值得，所以你应该是“不喜欢”这部电影。故选B项。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同样，如果你的昂贵会员资格不可退款，即使受了伤，你可能也会继续去健身房。A. postpone推迟；B. avoid避免；C. continue继续；D. imagine想象。根据前文“You might sit through the entirety of a movie that you _____ from the beginning, for instance, if only to justify the cost of the ticket.”和“Similarly”可推知，人们会为了让票价值得而坚持看完一部从一开始就不喜欢的电影，同样，为了让健身房会费值得，即使受伤，人们也会“继续”去健身房。故选C项。 【44题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：奥利沃拉说：“但所有这些情况中发生的事情是，你并没有真正收回那笔钱，或者你投入的任何东西。这就是为什么它不合逻辑的部分原因。”A. natural自然的；B. primitive原始的；C. formal正式的；D. logical逻辑的。根据前文奥利沃拉的解释“But what is happening in all these situations is that you’re not really getting back that money, or whatever it is you invested”可知，既然投入无法收回，继续投入就是非理性的，因此“不合逻辑”。故选D项。 【45题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：沉没成本效应也可能在更大规模上上演。A. on a larger scale在更大规模上；B. from a more academic angle从更学术的角度；C. on a more regular basis更经常地；D. with greater intensity以更大的强度。根据后文“ongoing investments in fossil fuels”以及“climate predictions”可知，这是在讨论国家或全球层面的问题，是“更大规模”的体现。故选A项。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员将同样的错误推理与对化石燃料的持续投资联系起来，尽管越来越有可用的能源替代品和令人担忧的气候预测。A. statistics统计数据；B. alternatives替代品；C. consumptions消耗；D. reserves储备。“despite”表示的转折关系，结合“increasingly available energy”可推知，与前文“fossil fuels”相对的是其他能源“替代品”。故选B项。 【47题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：沉没成本效应的心理学是一种被反复研究的现象。A. economics经济学；B. psychology心理学；C. physiology生理学；D. history历史。根据后文“the reason humans keep falling for it”以及 Olivola所讨论的“desire to reduce waste”等心理动机可知，沉没成本效应主要关乎人的决策心理，属于“心理学”范畴。故选B项。 【48题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但研究人员仍未完全确定人类一直深陷其中的原因。A. responded to回应；B. put forward提出；C. reflected on反思；D. pinned down确定，确切解释。根据前文“a phenomenon that’s been studied time and time again”和后文“But researchers still haven’t quite”可推知，虽然被反复研究，但其原因并未被完全“确定”。故选D项。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：基于他自己的研究，奥利沃拉倾向于归咎于我们减少浪费的欲望。A. control控制；B. analyze分析；C. exploit利用；D. blame归咎于，归因于。根据后文“We dislike to see ourselves or others as wasteful”可知，这是他对原因的一种解释，即把沉没成本效应的原因“归咎于”这种心理。故选D项。 【50题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说，随后，我们能够“关闭”这个账户的唯一方式就是获得我们实际投入的金钱的价值。A. private私人的；B. foreign外国的；C. symbolic象征性的；D. real真正的，实际的。根据前文“We tend to open up a mental ‌“bank account” whenever we invest money, time, or effort into something”的比喻，我们投入的是“实际的”金钱、时间或精力，因此希望获得“实际的”价值。故选D项。 【51题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在某些情况下，沉没成本效应实际上可能帮助你实现诸如变得更健康或完成学位等主要目标。A. discoveries发现；B. goals目标；C. reforms改革；D. victories胜利。根据后文“like becoming more fit or finishing a degree”可知，这些都是个人想要实现的“目标”。故选B项。 【52题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但如果你发现自己被无法改变的过去决定所束缚，沉没成本效应就不再有益了。A. anchored锚定，使固定；B. opposed反对；C. directed引导；D. applied应用。根据后文“to past decisions you can’t change, the sunk cost effect is no longer beneficial.”可推知，如果被过去的决定“束缚”或“困住”，沉没成本效应就不能带来益处。“be anchored to”是固定搭配，意为“被……固定住”。故选A项。 【53题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当涉及到尊重他人为我们付出的努力、时间或金钱时，重要的是要记住，我们的朋友和家人实际上并不希望我们为了他们而受苦。A. honoring尊重，兑现；B. defining定义；C. ignoring忽视；D. regretting后悔。根据后文“the effort, time, or money others have invested in us”可知，他人为我们付出的努力、时间或金钱，是值得“尊重”的。故选A项。 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你发现自己仍在困境中挣扎，不要感觉太糟糕。A. marching行进；B. changing改变；C. losing失败；D. struggling在困境中挣扎。根据前文“Don’t feel too bad”和后文“Even for Olivola, who has spent more than two decades studying these sorts of things, the sunk cost phenomenon can still be ____ .”可知，专家都难以克服“沉没成本效应”，所以普通人在困境中挣扎是很正常的。故选D项。 【55题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是花了二十多年研究这类事物的奥利沃拉，沉没成本现象仍然可能是不可抗拒的。A. impersonal非个人的；B. inferior劣等的；C. irresistible不可抗拒的；D. irreplaceable不可替代的。根据前文“Don’t feel too bad if you still find yourself ______”的安慰以及后文“if you can overcome it, you’re better than me”的玩笑可知，这种现象极其普遍且难以抵抗。故选C项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Decades ago, my friend Caetlin received a special assignment from the poet Robert L. Hass, who instructed each student to memorize three poems of their choosing from The Norton Anthology of American Literature—not for any urgent exam reason, he claimed, but instead to prepare them for their unavoidable future occasions when you’re going to be alone, and poetry is going to be all you have. If the task was as a strange one, it’s because the act of memorizing a poem feels curiously old-fashioned in an era when few of us encounter poetry at all. When I was in graduate school, working toward a degree in English literature, I mostly limited myself to essays. It was only in my 40s that I began to change my ways. It happened in a flight to Seattle. For hours, I read nothing else but a poem. Sometimes I spoke its lines aloud, my voice masked by the airplane’s thrum. Sometimes I went through the whole poem at once, and sometimes I repeated a single stanza (诗节) over and over, and by the time my plane landed on the West Coast, I had the whole thing, all 40 lines of it, in my head. Because the process is as simple as it is very boring, memorizing a great poem always begins as a crime. The boredom of repetition reduces the great charm it has. But as you run your hands through the rock, the lines at last come together again, and the scattered text transforms back into a treasure. In other words, poetry survives continuously by becoming a part of those who read it. It can do so only because it is so specific, so entirely different from us, that taking it in expands our own sense of what we are. Some of the poems I’ve memorized are already fading, and that’s fine. I know that if I spend a little time with them, they’ll sing in me again. Others keep beating in me like a new pulse. I won’t promise you that memorizing poetry will make your life better, but it will make you more: more in touch with language, with other minds, maybe with what you might yet become. 56. Why did Robert L. Hass advise students to read poems? A. To become literature professors. B. To prepare for the coming exams. C. To compose more original poems. D. To relieve their future loneliness. 57. Why does the author say that memorizing a poem begins as a crime? A. It’s out of date to recite poems. B. Repetition wastes a lot of time. C. Repetition ruins the poem’s beauty. D. It’s a shame to read poems on plane. 58. How does understanding poetry influence us? A. By broadening self-understanding. B. By refreshing our good memories. C. By helping us survive the hard life. D. By reminding us to forget the past. 59. What is the author’s attitude towards memorizing poetry in the last paragraph? A. Doubtful. B. Reserved. C. Appreciative. D. Critical. 【答案】56. D 57. C 58. A 59. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者朋友多年前被诗人Robert L. Hass布置了一项特别任务——背诵三首诗，以及作者自己后来开始背诵诗歌的经历和感悟。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“not for any urgent exam reason, he claimed, but instead to prepare them for their unavoidable future occasions when you’re going to be alone, and poetry is going to be all you have(他声称，这不是因为任何紧急的考试原因，而是为了让他们为将来不可避免的孤独时刻做好准备，届时诗歌将成为你唯一拥有的东西)。”可知，Robert L. Hass的目的是为了让学生在未来孤独时有所依靠，以缓解孤独感。故选D。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Because the process is as simple as it is very boring, memorizing a great poem always begins as a crime. The boredom of repetition reduces the great charm it has(因为这个过程既简单又无聊，背诵一首伟大的诗总是开始得像是一种罪过。重复的无聊减少了它所具有的巨大魅力)。”可知，作者认为背诵诗歌的过程中，重复的无聊会破坏诗歌的魅力，因此开始背诵诗歌时就像是一种罪过。故选C。 【58题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“In other words, poetry survives continuously by becoming a part of those who read it. It can do so only because it is so specific, so entirely different from us, that taking it in expands our own sense of what we are(换句话说，诗歌通过成为读者的一部分而不断存在。它之所以能做到这一点，是因为它是如此的具体，与我们如此的不同，以至于接受它扩展了我们对自己是什么的感觉)。”可知，理解诗歌可以扩展我们对自我的认识，影响我们对自我的理解。A选项“By broadening self-understanding.(通过拓宽自我理解)”符合题意。故选A。 【59题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“I won’t promise you that memorizing poetry will make your life better, but it will make you more: more in touch with language, with other minds, maybe with what you might yet become(我不会向你保证背诵诗歌会让你的生活变得更好，但它会让你变得更多：更多地接触语言，接触其他思想，也许还有你可能成为的样子)。”可知，作者对背诵诗歌持赞赏的态度，认为背诵诗歌可以让人更多地接触语言、其他思想和可能的自我。故选C。 (B) LONDON’S BEST THEATRE SHOWS FOR TEENS AND OLDER KIDS The Secret Garden A musical based on the classic novel about Mary Lennox, a girl who discovers a hidden garden and, with it, a new sense of hope and family. Kids will be drawn in by the wonderful setting and the heartwarming story, while teens will value the themes of healing (治愈) and growth. Age: 10+ Date: 24th July 2024 Venue (举办地点): Regent’s Park Open Air Theatre Hello Dolly Imelda Staunton returns to the West End for the classic musical “Hello Dolly”. The story follows the activities of Dolly Gallagher Levi as she sets up marriages in 1890s New York City. Kids will be excited by the colourful sets and costumes, while older teens who may be Harry Potter fans will love seeing Dolores Umbridge, also known as Imelda Staunton, being very funny. Age: 4+ Date: 11th January-14th September 2024 Venue: London Palladium Babies School’s back, and Year 11 students are in for a wild ride! This term, it’s about babies. These plastic simulator dolls (塑料仿真娃娃) are here to teach the teens a thing or two about responsibility. Over one week, beliefs, minds and nappies (尿布) are changed! Kids will love the comedy of watching teens deal with “parenthood.” Age: 11+ Date: Until 14th July 2024 Venue: The Other Palace-Main Theatre Hamilton Hamilton is based on the life story of American politician Alexander Hamilton whose ambition (抱负) led him to an American war hero and George Washington’s right-hand man. This musical offers a mix of hip-hop, jazz, R&B, and Broadway and is perfect for kids who want to feel inspired. Age: 10+ Date: until 29th March 2025 Venue: Victoria Palace Theatre 60. What do we know about The Secret Garden? A. It teaches teens to get along with their parents. B. It is a great choice for a 13-year-old. C. It will be shown till next year. D. It is based on a famous film. 61. Which of the following does a Harry Potter actress perform in? A. Hamilton. B. Babies. C. The Secret Garden. D. Hello Dolly. 62. Where can teens enjoy mixed types of music? A. The Other Palace-Main Theatre. B. Regent’s Park Open Air Theatre. C. Victoria Palace Theatre. D. London Palladium. 【答案】60. B 61. D 62. C 【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了伦敦最适合青少年和大龄儿童观看的剧场演出。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Secret Garden介绍内容中的“Age: 10+(年龄：十岁以上)”可知，The Secret Garden对于13岁的青少年是一个不错的选择。故选B项。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据Hello Dolly介绍内容中的“Kids will be excited by the colourful sets and costumes, while older teens who may be Harry Potter fans will love seeing Dolores Umbridge, also known as Imelda Staunton, being very funny.(孩子们会为五彩缤纷的布景和服装而兴奋不已，而年龄较大的青少年可能是哈利波特的粉丝，他们会喜欢看到多洛雷斯·乌姆里奇，也被称为伊梅尔达·斯汤顿，非常有趣)”可知，在《哈利·波特》电影中饰演Dolores Umbridge的演员Imelda Staunton将参演Hello Dolly。故选D项。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据Hamilton介绍内容中的“This musical offers a mix of hip-hop, jazz, R&B, and Broadway and is perfect for kids who want to feel inspired.(这部音乐剧融合了嘻哈、爵士、R&B和百老汇，非常适合想要感受灵感的孩子们)”以及“Venue: Victoria Palace Theatre(地点：维多利亚宫剧院)”可知，Hamilton结合了不同类型的音乐元素，将在维多利亚宫剧院上演。故选C项。 (C) Huge health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily. Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician. A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries (老年医保受惠人). The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors. How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed (返还费用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease. Combining this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately (任意地) cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care. Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U. S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results I emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors. How do we fix this problem? It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳的) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving students loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries. We’re at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade. Who will be there to treat them? 63．We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that ________. A．the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cure B．seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errors C．visiting the same doctor on a regular basis ensures good health D．the more doctors a patient sees, the better 64．Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to ________. A．increase their income by working overtime B．improve their expertise and service C．see more patients at the expense of quality D．make various deals with specialists 65．What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care? A．Bridge the salary gap between specialist and primary care physicians. B．Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases. C．Recruit more medical students by offering them loans. D．Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major. 66．The best title for this passage is ________. A．The Health Care in Trouble B．The Imbalance System C．The Declining Number of Doctors D．The Ever-rising Health Care Costs 【答案】63．D 64．C 65．A 66．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述初级保健应是任何卫生保健系统的支柱，而美国却强调专科医生而不是初级保健医生，以至于初级保健滑落，并给出了具体原因和针对这一问题的对策。 63．推理判断题。根据第三段“The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care. (令人吃惊的发现是，医保病人平均每年看7位医生——2位初级保健医生和5位专科医生。与普遍的看法相反，更多的医生照顾你并不能保证更好的护理)”可推断普遍的看法是病人看的医生越多越好，故选D。 64．细节理解题。根据第四段“How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed (返还费用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease. Combining this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately (任意地) cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. (我们怎么会让初级保健滑落到如此地步?关键是医生的薪酬。大多数医生在提供医疗服务时获得报酬。医生做得越多，无论质量或结果如何，他得到的补偿就越多。此外，医生的收入很大程度上依赖于医疗或外科手术。一位专家在30分钟内完成一项手术，其收入是一位初级保健医生在30分钟内讨论病人病情的三倍。再加上政府每年都威胁任意地地削减报销，医生们别无选择，只能增加数量来增加收入。)”可知，面对政府不加选择地削减报销的威胁，初级保健医生不得不以牺牲质量为代价看更多的病人，故选C。 65．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳的) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving students loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries. (首先要改革医生报销制度。消除初级保健医生每小时挤进更多病人的压力，并奖励他们对疾病的最佳管理和循证医学的实践。通过减免那些选择初级保健作为职业的学生贷款，调和专科医生和初级保健医生之间的显著差异，使初级保健对医学生更具吸引力)”可知为了提供更好的医疗保健，作者建议调和专科医生和初级保健医生之间的显著差异，也就是工资差距，故选A。 66．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段和第二段“Huge health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily. Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician. (巨额的医疗费用、急诊室的长时间等待以及找不到初级保健医生，这些都只是患者每天面临的问题的皮毛。初级保健应是任何卫生保健系统的支柱。在卫生结果和费用方面，拥有适当初级保健资源的国家得分很高。美国采取了相反的方法，强调专科医生而不是初级保健医生。)”可知本文主要讲述初级保健应是任何卫生保健系统的支柱，而美国却强调专科医生而不是初级保健医生，导致初级保健下滑，也就是保健系统的不平衡，所以B选项“不平衡的系统”符合文章题意，故选B。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Am I Being Tracked? Technology enables people to do many extraordinary things, but it can also be misused and cause harm. Fortunately, additional developments can counter some of these negative uses of technology. ____67____ Bluetooth location trackers were designed to help people recover lost items, such as suitcases or wallets. They can also be placed in cars to help a person find their car if it gets stolen. But they can also be planted in someone else’s bag or car without that person’s permission to track them without their knowledge. ____68____Unfortunately, people who choose to track others often have bad motives that place the people they track in great danger. ____69____But if yours doesn’t or if you want to be able to detect more brands of trackers, you can download apps that will do a more thorough job. Tracker detection apps notify the phone’s owner if the phone detects a tracker that has been near it for an extended time. There is often a delay between when the tracker is detected and when the notification is sent. ____70____ For example, if someone has a tracker on their key and walks past you in a public place, that will not trigger a notification. But if the tracker remains near you for a whole day, especially if you are moving, it is probably on something you own, and the app will notify you. If you suspect that someone is tracking you, take action now to avoid a potentially dangerous situation. A. So if you place a tracker in your own bag, for example, it will not activate the app. B. Bluetooth trackers are small, so victims of tracking seldom find them if they do not know to search for them. C. That way, if they misplace the object the tracker is attached to, they can look up the information to find it again. D. Smartphones can search for trackers, and some now have built-in settings that will send you a notification if you are being tracked. E. This is the case with tracking technology, which has undergone many improvements in recent years. F. This is meant to avoid false alarms in case the tracker belongs to someone else who just happens to be nearby. 【答案】67. E 68. B 69. D 70. F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了蓝牙定位追踪器的用途、滥用风险，以及检测追踪器的方法。 【67题详解】 上文“Technology enables people to do many extraordinary things, but it can also be misused and cause harm. Fortunately, additional developments can counter some of these negative uses of technology. (技术能让人做很多非凡之事，但也会被滥用造成危害，幸运的是，更多技术发展能对抗这些负面用途)”提到“技术的双面性”和“技术发展”，下文“Bluetooth location trackers were designed to help people recover lost items, such as suitcases or wallets. (蓝牙定位追踪器的设计是为了帮助人们找回丢失的物品，比如手提箱或钱包)”介绍了“蓝牙定位追踪器”的设计初衷。选项E“追踪技术就是如此，近年来它经历了诸多改进”衔接“技术进步”与“追踪技术”的主题，符合语境。故选E。 【68题详解】 上文“But they can also be planted in someone else’s bag or car without that person’s permission to track them without their knowledge. (但它们也会被未经许可放入他人包或车中，在对方不知情的情况下追踪)”说明追踪器的滥用风险，下文“Unfortunately, people who choose to track others often have bad motives that place the people they track in great danger.(不幸的是，那些选择跟踪别人的人往往有不好的动机，把他们跟踪的人置于极大的危险之中)”进一步强调危害。选项B“蓝牙追踪器很小，所以被追踪者如果不知道去寻找，就很少能发现它们”解释了“滥用追踪器难以被察觉”的原因，衔接上下文，符合语境。故选B。 【69题详解】 下文“But if yours doesn’t or if you want to be able to detect more brands of trackers, you can download apps that will do a more thorough job.(但如果你的手机没有，或者你想检测更多品牌的追踪器，你可以下载能做更彻底工作的应用程序)”出现转折，说明可下载应用的情况。选项D“智能手机可以搜索追踪器，有些智能手机现在有内置设置，如果你被追踪，它会向你发送通知”介绍了“设备自带的追踪检测功能”，与下文的转折逻辑一致，符合语境。故选D。 【70题详解】 上文“There is often a delay between when the tracker is detected and when the notification is sent. (追踪器被检测到和通知发出之间通常会有延迟)”说明检测通知的延迟特点，下文“For example, if someone has a tracker on their key and walks past you in a public place, that will not trigger a notification. But if the tracker remains near you for a whole day, especially if you are moving, it is probably on something you own, and the app will notify you. (例如，若他人钥匙上的追踪器在公共场合经过你，不会触发通知；但如果追踪器一整天都在你附近，尤其是在你移动的时候，它很可能是在你自己的东西上，应用程序会通知你)”举例说明延迟的原因。选项F“这是为了避免误报，以防追踪器属于恰好附近的其他人”解释了“通知延迟”的目的，衔接上下文，符合语境。故选F。 IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Brain Hunger Do you ever feel like no matter how much you eat, you are still not full? You may be suffering from a condition known as “brain hunger.” This occurs when the dopamine signaling in your brain is damaged, making it difficult for your body to recognize when it has had enough food. What are the underlying causes of brain hunger? Genetics can play a role. Research has shown that the dopamine receptor D4 gene may be responsible for regulating cognitive functions related to eating behavior and body weight. Some people have this gene variation that does not allow for a normal dopamine release in response to things that typically would bring joy and pleasure, including food. This means that those individuals won’t get the same “high” feeling they would normally experience when eating. Obesity is also linked to brain hunger. Brain scans of obese individuals show changes in dopamine signaling pathways which can lead to less recognition of the feeling of being full even after a meal. While it is still unclear whether obesity or genetics is the primary contributor to brain hunger, one thing is certain: losing weight alone is not enough for those affected. Studies show that certain areas of the brain responsible for sensing fullness do not change even with weight loss, which could lead to continued hunger and weight regain. So, what came first: genetics or obesity that cause this brain signaling change? It is possible that if someone has a genetic tendency to be affected by this abnormal dopamine signaling, an environmental trigger can start a series of brain hunger which brings about overeating. It is also important to practice mindful eating and pay attention to hunger cues to begin perceiving the feeling of being full. Brain hunger can be an uncomfortable and frustrating condition, but it is possible to manage through a combination of treatments. 71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】71.The passage summarizes the concept of “brain hunger”, caused by damaged dopamine signaling in the brain. It explores genetic (dopamine receptor D4 gene) and obesity-related factors, noting that weight loss alone is insufficient. It emphasizes the importance of mindful eating and hunger cues to sense satiety with a comprehensive combination of treatments for management. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述“脑饥饿”现象，即因大脑多巴胺信号受损导致身体难以感知饱腹感。其成因可能涉及遗传（多巴胺受体D4基因变异）与肥胖，但二者何为首要因素尚不清楚。减肥对改善脑饥饿效果有限，需综合治疗并注重饮食意识。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①You may be suffering from a condition known as “brain hunger.” This occurs when the dopamine signaling in your brain is damaged, making it difficult for your body to recognize when it has had enough food.  ②Genetics can play a role. Research has shown that the dopamine receptor D4 gene may be responsible for regulating cognitive functions related to eating behavior and body weight. ③While it is still unclear whether obesity or genetics is the primary contributor to brain hunger, one thing is certain: losing weight alone is not enough for those affected.  ④It is possible that if someone has a genetic tendency to be affected by this abnormal dopamine signaling, an environmental trigger can start a series of brain hunger which brings about overeating. It is also important to practice mindful eating and pay attention to hunger cues to begin perceiving the feeling of being full.  2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The main focus of this article is the phenomenon of “brain hunger”, which occurs when the dopamine signaling in the brain is damaged, making it difficult for the body to perceive a sense of fullness. Its causes may involve genetics (mutations in the dopamine receptor D4 gene) and obesity, but it is unclear which of the two is the primary factor. Weight loss has limited effectiveness in improving brain hunger, and comprehensive treatment along with a focus on dietary awareness is required. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The passage summarizes the concept of “brain hunger”, caused by damaged dopamine signaling in the brain.运用过去分词作状语的结构，表达高级。 [高分句型2]：It explores genetic (dopamine receptor D4 gene) and obesity-related factors, noting that weight loss alone is insufficient.  运用现在分词作状语以及that引导宾语从句的结构，表达高级。 [高分句型3]：It emphasizes the importance of mindful eating and a combination of treatments for management.运用了名词的并列结构以及介词短语作状语的结构，表达高级。 V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 超速不仅对于你的乘客而言是非常危险的，而且也是违反法律的。(against)（汉译英） _____________________________________________ 【答案】Speeding is not only very dangerous for your passengers, but also against the law. 【详解】考查动词时态。表示“超速”应用speeding；表示“不仅……而且……”应用not only…but also…；表示“是”应用be，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为speeding，be动词用is；表示“非常危险的”应用very dangerous；表示“对于你的乘客而言”应用for your passengers；表示“违反法律的”应用against the law。故翻译成：Speeding is not only very dangerous for your passengers, but also against the law.。 73. 通过这部纪录片，导演成功地向观众传递了保护濒危物种的重要性。(communicate) (汉译英) _____________________________________________ 【答案】Through this documentary, the director successfully communicated the importance of protecting endangered species to the audience. 【详解】考查介词短语、时态和固定搭配。方式状语“通过这部纪录片”用介词短语through this documentary；主语“导演”用the director表示；“成功地”用副词successfully，修饰谓语动词；谓语“传递”用动词communicate，描述已经发生的事情，用一般过去时态；宾语“保护濒危物种的重要性”译为the importance of protecting endangered species；“向观众”用介词短语to the audience表示。综上，全句译为：Through this documentary, the director successfully communicated the importance of protecting endangered species to the audience. 74. 这位软件工程师每每遇到问题时都会向团队求助，这足以说明团队协作的核心价值。（汉译英）（Every time . . .） _____________________________________________ 【答案】Every time the software engineer encounters a problem, he turns to his team for help, which sufficiently demonstrates the core value of teamwork. 【详解】考查状语从句、动词时态、非限制性定语从句和动词短语。根据句意，该句描述软件工程师一贯的行为，使用一般现在时，根据提示，表示“每每遇到问题时”使用every time引导的时间状语从句，位于句首单词首字母需大写，表示“遇到”为encounter，主语“这位软件工程师”为the software engineer，为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为encounters，所以“这位软件工程师每每遇到问题时”译为Every time the software engineer encounters a problem；主句“向……求助”为turn to...for help，表示“团队”为his team作宾语，所以主句“都会向团队求助”可译为he turns to his team for help；表示“这足以说明团队协作的核心价值”可使用which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句内容，which在从句中作主语；表示“说明”为demonstrates作定语从句的谓语，表示“足以”为sufficiently修饰动词demonstrates，表示“团队协作的核心价值”作宾语，可译为the core value of teamwork。故翻译为Every time the software engineer encounters a problem, he turns to his team for help, which sufficiently demonstrates the core value of teamwork. 75. 这位餐厅经理坚持认为，只有当公众真正了解海草并愿意接受它作为食物来源时，规模化生产才有意义。(seaweed) （汉译英） _____________________________________________ 【答案】The restaurant manager insists that large-scale production of seaweed is meaningful only when the public truly understands and accepts it as a food source. 【详解】考查宾语从句、条件状语从句、名词短语、动词和时态。“这位餐厅经理坚持认为”译为主句，剩余内容译为宾语从句。“这位餐厅经理”是主语，译为this restaurant manager，“坚持认为”是谓语，用动词insist表示，这里表示餐厅经理当前且一贯持有的观点，用一般现在时，主句译为This restaurant manager insists that…。宾语从句中“只有当公众真正了解海草并愿意接受它作为食物来源时”可视为“规模化生产才有意义”的必要条件，用only when引导状语从句，从句在形式上由when引导，有时间关联意味，但在逻辑上表达了一个强条件，功能上相当于一个条件状语从句；“规模化生产才有意义”为主句。“规模化生产”，译为名词短语large-scale production，这里是“海草的生产”，根据提示，“海草”用名词seaweed，在large-scale production后加介词短词of seaweed作后置定语；“才有意义”使用系表结构is meaningful，时态跟随主句谓语insists，用一般现在时。故“规模化生产才有意义”翻译为large-scale production of seaweed is meaningful。“只有当公众真正了解海草并愿意接受它作为食物来源时”中“公众”为主语，译为the public；“真正了解”和“愿意接受……作为……”处理为并列的谓语，中间用and连接。“了解”用understand表示，跟随全句谓语和宾从中主句时态，用一般现在时，主语the public是一个整体，谓语用第三人称单数形式understands；“真正”用副词truly作状语；“愿意接受……作为……”中“愿意”可省译，“接受……作为……”译为accept sth. as sth.，accept与understands并列，用accepts；“食物来源”译为名词短语a food source，source可数，前面需用不定冠词a；“接受它作为食物来源”译为accepts it as a food source。故“只有当公众真正了解海草并愿意接受它作为食物来源时”翻译为only when the public truly understands and accepts it as a food source，其中“海草”这个名词已在宾从中主句部分出现，此从句中使用代词it。故全句翻译为The restaurant manager insists that large-scale production of seaweed is meaningful only when the public truly understands and accepts it as a food source. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home) 陪老人过中秋节(Mid-Autumn Festival)。请给外教Lucy写封邮件，邀请她一同前往，内容包括： 1. 出发及返回时间。 2. 活动内容：吃月饼，赏月等。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Lucy, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Lucy, I’m writing to invite you to join my classmates in visiting a nursing home to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. We plan to bring joy and companionship to the elderly there. The outing will commence at 9:00 am and we expect to return by 5:00 pm. During our visit, we’ll engage in various activities such as sharing delicious mooncakes and admiring the full moon together. It will be a meaningful opportunity to experience traditional Chinese culture while giving back to the community. Your participation would be greatly appreciated and please let me know if you can join us. Looking forward to hearing from you! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home) 陪老人过中秋节(Mid-Autumn Festival)。要求考生给外教Lucy写封邮件，邀请她一同前往。 【详解】1.词汇积累 快乐：joy→cheer/happiness 参与：engage in → participate in 开始：commence→start 机会：opportunity→chance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：We plan to bring joy and companionship to the elderly there. 拓展句：We plan to bring joy and companionship to the elderly there, which is extremely significative, in my opinion. 【点睛】【高分句型1】During our visit, we’ll engage in various activities such as sharing delicious mooncakes and admiring the full moon together. （运用了动名词短语的并列结构） 【高分句型2】 Your participation would be greatly appreciated and please let me know if you can join us.（运用了if引导条件状语从句以及情态动词的被动语态结构）。 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $