精品解析：上海市奉贤区2025-2026学年高三下学期4月第二学期高中英语练习卷

2025学年第二学期高中英语练习卷 考生注意： 1．考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2．本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3．务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Risky Inoculation (预防接种) that Changed Russia Catherine the Great set out to define Russia as an extremely important power in Europe. Her rule remained stable ____1____ the year of 1768, when something began to threaten her people and her position — an ancient disease named smallpox. By the 18th century, smallpox ____2____ (become) particularly deadly. One in five people who caught it died. It was particularly dangerous for children, so parents would be advised not to count their children unless they survived smallpox. There was absolutely ____3____ that could be done. People tried keeping patients hot ____4____ (sweat) the disease out or even bleeding them, neither of which did any good. Since the 16th century, there had been inoculation ____5____ (practise) widely in China, the Middle East and Turkey. It involved a person being given a controlled dose (剂量) of the disease. A tiny drop of pus (脓液) from the spots of someone with the disease ____6____ (collect). Then the live virus was put into a cut on the arm of the healthy person. In 1767, a British doctor named Dinsdale published an instruction manual and introduced his way to inoculate safely. And that’s ____7____ he came to the attention of Catherine the Great. In the 1760s, inoculation wasn’t a common practice in Russia, a land ____8____ there was “enormous distrust” against it. Catherine made the brave decision to experiment with treatment first. She put her faith in science and her life in the hands of Dinsdale, ____9____ (call) for him in 1768 to treat her and her family. Catherine’s inoculation went so well that her experience encouraged her people to get inoculated, too. Indeed, her first experiment demonstrated great resolution and firmness of her mind. To her people, she projected an image of herself ____10____ a caring ruler. She was remembered for advancing public health in Russia and saving millions of lives. 【答案】1. until 2. had become 3. nothing 4. to sweat 5. practised 6. was collected 7. how 8. where 9. calling 10. as 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了叶卡捷琳娜大帝通过接种预防天花，改变了俄罗斯的历史进程。 【1题详解】 考查介词。句意：她的统治一直很稳定，直到1768年，一种名为天花的古老疾病开始威胁她的人民和她的地位。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到……为止”，需用介词until。故填until。 【2题详解】 考查时态。句意：到了18世纪，天花变得特别致命。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语By the 18th century可知，句子用过去完成时态，描述过去的过去，其结构为had done。故填had become。 【3题详解】 考查不定代词。句意：根本没有什么办法。根据后文“People tried keeping patients hot (4) (sweat) the disease out or even bleeding them, neither of which did any good.(人们试图让病人保持发热，以出汗排出疾病，甚至给他们放血，但都没有任何效果)”可知，此处表示“没有什么办法”，应用不定代词nothing。故填nothing。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：人们试图让病人保持发热，以出汗排出疾病，甚至给他们放血，但都没有任何效果。根据句意可知，此处表示“为了出汗排出疾病”，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to sweat。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：自16世纪以来，接种在中国、中东和土耳其广泛实行。本句已有谓语动词had been，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；逻辑主语inoculation和practise之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填practised。 【6题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：从病人身上的斑点上收集一小滴脓液。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据上下文可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时；主语a tiny drop of pus和collect之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，其结构为was/were+done，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was collected。 【7题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这就是他如何引起女皇注意的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句缺少方式状语，表示“如何引起叶卡捷琳娜大帝的注意”，应用连接副词how引导。故填how。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在18世纪60年代，接种在俄罗斯并不常见，那里的人们对接种“极度不信任”。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是land，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：她相信科学，把自己的生命交到丁斯代尔手中，于1768年召见他为自己和家人治疗。本句已有谓语动词made，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；逻辑主语She和call之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填calling。 【10题详解】 考查介词。句意：在她的臣民面前，她树立了一个关心人民的统治者的形象。project an image as… 表示 “塑造……的形象”。故填as。 Section B (10分) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. openness B. translating C. ancient D. reduced E. dramatic F. personally G. fixed H. suggest I. balance J. emotionally K. copying Listening to the Elements In the world of contemporary classical music, few composers have explored cultural dialogue as quietly and persistently as Qigang Chen. Born in Shanghai and trained in France, Chen has spent decades ____11____ Chinese philosophical ideas into a musical language of Western traditions. One of his most widely performed works, Wu Xing (The Five Elements), offers a marvellous example of how ____12____ wisdom can be reinterpreted for modern audience. Completed in the late 1990s, Wu Xing is a five-movement orchestral piece (管弦乐曲) inspired by the traditional Chinese concept that views the universe as a dynamic ____13____ of five forces: metal, wood, water, fire and earth. Instead of treating these elements as ____14____ symbols, Chen presents them as part of a continuous cycle in which each generates the next. This idea of movement and transformation lies at the heart of the composition. The work opens not with a(n) ____15____ statement but with reserve. Slight changes in texture and colour suggest the flow of water, while later movements introduce sharper rhythms and brighter sounds to indicate fire and metal. Chen avoids directly ____16____ traditional Chinese music. For him, tradition is not something to be directly displayed but something to be absorbed and reshaped. He uses the full resources of a Western orchestra to ____17____ qualities such as weight, flow and tension. In doing so, he invites listeners to experience the philosophy ____18____ rather than intellectually. At a time when global culture is often ____19____ to easy labels, Chen’s work offers a quieter alternative. Wu Xing does not explain the five elements; it listens to them. It implies that cultural exchange in music does not depend on grand display, but on patience, discipline and a(n) ____20____ to transformation. And in that silence between sounds, something new is born. 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. I 14. G 15. E 16. K 17. H 18. J 19. D 20. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主题是：介绍陈其钢作品《五行》及其对文化交流的独特诠释。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：出生于上海并在法国接受训练的陈其钢，几十年来一直致力于将中国的哲学思想转化为西方传统的音乐语言。根据句意及空前的“has spent decades”可知，此处考查固定搭配“spend time (in) doing sth.”，意为“花费时间做某事”，所以空处应用动名词形式，结合空后“Chinese philosophical ideas into a musical language”及选项可知，此处表示将哲学思想“翻译”或“转化”为音乐语言，动词translate意为“转化，翻译”，符合语境，与into搭配构成translate...into...，表示“把……转化为……”。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他的作品《五行》是其中最广为流传的作品之一，为现代观众重新诠释古老智慧提供了一个绝佳的例子。根据空后的名词“wisdom”可知，空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词，结合“reinterpreted for modern audience”可知，此处指来自过去的古老智慧，形容词ancient“古老的”符合语境。故选C。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：《五行》创作于20世纪90年代末，是一部受中国传统观念启发的五乐章管弦乐曲，该观念将宇宙视为由金、木、水、火、土五种力量构成的动态平衡。根据空前的“a dynamic”及空后的“of five forces”可知，空处应用名词单数形式作介词as的宾语，此处表示五种力量构成的动态“平衡”，名词balance“平衡”符合语境，a dynamic balance表示“一种动态平衡”。故选I。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：陈其钢没有将这些元素视为固定的符号，而是将它们呈现为一个连续循环的一部分，在这个循环中，每个元素都会产生下一个元素。根据空后的名词“symbols”可知，空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词，结合句意和空后的“as part of a continuous cycle in which each generates the next”可知，表示这些元素不是固定的符号，而是连续循环的一部分，形容词fixed“固定的”符合语境。故选G。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这部作品不是以戏剧性的陈述开场，而是以含蓄的方式开场。根据空后的名词“statement”可知，空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词，结合“but with reserve”可知，与“克制”相对的是“戏剧性的、夸张的”，形容词dramatic“戏剧性的”符合语境。故选E。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：陈其钢避免直接模仿中国传统音乐。根据空前的“avoids directly”可知，空处应用动名词形式作宾语，结合后文“For him, tradition is not something to be directly displayed but something to be absorbed and reshaped.”可知，此处表示不直接“复制”或“模仿”传统音乐，动词copying“模仿”符合语境。故选K。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：他充分利用西方管弦乐队的全部资源来体现重量、流动和张力等特质。根据空前的“to”可知，空处应用动词原形与to构成不定式作目的状语，结合后文“qualities such as weight, flow and tension”可知，此处表示通过音乐“暗示”或“表达”这些特质，动词suggest“暗示，体现”符合语境。故选H。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：通过这样做，他让听众从情感上而非理性上体验这种哲学。根据空后的“rather than intellectually”可知，空处应填副词作状语，修饰动词experience，与空后intellectually形成对比，与“理性地”相对的是“情感地”，副词emotionally“情感上”符合语境，表示在情感上体验这种哲学。故选J。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：在全球文化常常被简化为简单标签的时代，陈其钢的作品提供了一种更安静的选择。根据空前的“is often”及空后的“to easy labels”可知，空处应用过去分词形式与is构成被动语态，表示文化被“缩减”或“简化为”简单标签，动词reduced“减少，降低，简化”符合语境，be reduced to表示“被简化为”。故选D。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：它暗示着音乐中的文化交流并不依赖于盛大的展示，而是依赖于耐心、自律和对变革的开放态度。根据空前的“a(n)”及空后的“to transformation”可知，空处应用名词单数形式作介词on的宾语，表示对变革的态度，名词openness“开放”符合语境。故选A。 II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. To visitors, the Italian city of Venice displays a splendid picture of historic buildings, waterways, bell towers, and red roofs. Yet the city also features a mighty (威猛的) winged lion, the ____21____ of what was once called the Venetian Republic (697-1797). Lions of various sizes and materials were carved into structures throughout its streets and squares. Among them, perhaps the ____22____ version is a bronze statue standing atop a column near St. Mark’s Square. Now, new evidence suggests that this famous statue may have originated not in Europe, but in China. Using chemical analysis on samples taken from the sculpture, a team from the University of Padua ____23____ the metal used in the statue to the Yangtze River region in China. Their findings ____24____ long-held assumptions about the statue’s origins. For centuries, experts had believed it was crafted either in Italy or the Middle East — yet its stylish uniqueness remained an enduring ____25____. The new discovery may finally help solve that mystery. Though installed in St. Mark’s Square during the 13th century, the lion shows a surprising ____26____ to artwork produced in China during the Tang Dynasty, rather than that found in medieval (中世纪的) Mediterranean Europe. The researchers point to specific features — the shape of its nose, as well as scars (疤痕) indicating the ____27____ of earlier horns — as convincing evidence. Further ____28____ the complexity, the column on which the lion stands is of Middle East origin. And records show the statue has undergone multiple repairs, the earliest dating back to 1293. “It is possible that Marco Polo’s father and uncle, during their four-year stay in China, played a key role in ____29____ the sculpture,” the researchers note. If so, the object they brought back was ____30____ a zhènmùshòu — a fierce lion-like grave guardian from the Tang Dynasty. Once transported to Italy, the statue was likely “carefully and laboriously reshaped” to ____31____ the image of the winged lion of St. Mark, they add. The ____32____ include removing its original horns and adding a stone “wig” — a piece of headwear that signifies power and authority. ____33____, written records are absent, leaving the exact circumstances of its journey open to interpretation. “Though the installation of the lion was intended to project a(n) ____34____ political message, we may now also view it as a gentle reminder of the connectedness of the medieval world,” the researchers conclude. Ultimately, the lion is a quiet witness to the hidden ____35____ that once wove the world together. 21. A. territory B. title C. symbol D. status 22. A. worst-affected B. least-visited C. most-needed D. best-known 23. A. owed B. traced C. dated D. applied 24. A. confirm B. overlook C. challenge D. revise 25. A. puzzle B. ritual C. appeal D. beauty 26. A. comparison B. contrast C. dedication D. similarity 27. A. function B. removal C. renewal D. destruction 28. A. breaking down B. putting aside C. adding to D. taking away 29. A. acquiring B. ruining C. studying D. designing 30. A. eventually B. originally C. controversially D. rarely 31. A. present B. protect C. post D. print 32. A. innovations B. interventions C. decorations D. modifications 33. A. Additionally B. Consequently C. Unfortunately D. Accordingly 34. A. vague B. powerful C. urgent D. dangerous 35. A. treasures B. figures C. threads D. patterns 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了意大利威尼斯著名的带翼狮子雕像，新研究表明其可能起源于中国，尽管相关书面记录缺失，但它见证了中世纪世界的联系。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这座城市也以一只威猛的带翼狮子为特色，它是曾经被称为威尼斯共和国（697 - 1797）的象征。A. territory领土；B. title标题；C. symbol象征；D. status地位。根据前文“Yet the city also features a mighty (威猛的) winged lion”以及后文“what was once called the Venetian Republic (697-1797)”可知，带翼狮子是威尼斯共和国的象征。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其中，最著名的版本或许是矗立在圣马可广场附近一根柱子顶端的青铜雕像。A. worst-affected受影响最严重的；B. least-visited参观最少的；C. most-needed最需要的；D. best-known最著名的。根据后文“Now, new evidence suggests that this famous statue may have originated not in Europe, but in China.”可知，此处说的是最著名的雕像。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：帕多瓦大学的一个研究小组对从雕像上采集的样本进行化学分析后，将雕像所使用的金属追溯到中国长江地区。A. owed归功于；B. traced追溯；C. dated注明日期；D. applied应用。根据后文“the metal used in the statue to the Yangtze River region in China.”可知，这里指把金属的来源追溯到中国长江地区。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的发现挑战了长期以来关于这座雕像起源的假设。A. confirm证实；B. overlook忽视；C. challenge挑战；D. revise修订。根据后文“For centuries, experts had believed it was crafted either in Italy or the Middle East”可知，之前认为雕像起源于意大利或中东，现在新发现表明起源于中国，这挑战了之前的假设。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个世纪以来，专家们一直认为它是在意大利或中东制作的——然而，它独特的风格仍然是一个持久的谜团。A. puzzle谜团；B. ritual仪式；C. appeal吸引力；D. beauty美丽。根据后文“The new discovery may finally help solve that mystery.”可知，它独特的风格一直是个谜团。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管这座狮子雕像于13世纪安装在圣马可广场，但它与中国唐代制作的艺术品有着惊人的相似之处，而非中世纪地中海欧洲的艺术品。A. comparison比较；B. contrast对比；C. dedication奉献；D. similarity相似之处。根据后文“rather than that found in medieval (中世纪的) Mediterranean Europe.”可知它与唐代艺术品有相似之处。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员指出一些具体特征——它鼻子的形状，以及表明早期角被移除的疤痕——作为令人信服的证据。A. function功能；B. removal移除；C. renewal更新；D. destruction破坏。根据前文“as well as scars (疤痕)”可知，疤痕表明角是被移除的。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：更添复杂性的是，狮子所站立的柱子起源于中东。A. breaking down分解；B. putting aside搁置；C. adding to增添；D. taking away拿走。根据后文“the column on which the lion stands is of Middle East origin”可知，柱子起源于中东，这增添了整个雕像来源的复杂性。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员指出：“马可·波罗的父亲和叔叔在中国停留的四年期间，有可能在获取这座雕塑的过程中发挥了关键作用。”A. acquiring获得；B. ruining毁坏；C. studying学习；D. designing设计。根据前文“Mark’s Square during the 13th century, the lion shows a surprising ____ to artwork produced in China during the Tang Dynasty, rather than that found in medieval (中世纪的) Mediterranean Europe”以及后文“the sculpture”可知，这里指他们可能在获得雕像这件事上起关键作用。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样的话，他们带回的物品最初可能是一个镇墓兽——一种唐代类似狮子的凶猛的坟墓守护者。A. eventually最终；B. originally最初；C. controversially有争议地；D. rarely很少地。根据后文“a zhènmùshòu — a fierce lion-like grave guardian from the Tang Dynasty.”可知，这里说的是物品最初的样子。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们补充说，一旦被运到意大利，这座雕像很可能被“精心且费力地重塑”，以呈现圣马可带翼狮子的形象。A. present呈现；B. protect保护；C. post张贴；D. print印刷。根据前文“carefully and laboriously reshaped”可知，重塑雕像就是为了呈现圣马可带翼狮子的形象。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些修改包括移除它原来的角，并添加一个石头“假发”——一种象征权力和权威的头饰。A. innovations创新；B. interventions干预；C. decorations装饰；D. modifications修改。根据后文“removing its original horns and adding a stone “wig””可知，移除角和添加“假发”属于对雕像的修改。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，书面记录缺失，其旅程的确切情况有待解读。A. Additionally此外；B. Consequently因此；C. Unfortunately不幸地；D. Accordingly相应地。根据后文“written records are absent, leaving the exact circumstances of its journey open to interpretation.”可知，书面记录缺失是一件不幸的事。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员总结道：“尽管这座狮子雕像的安装旨在传达一个强有力的政治信息，但我们现在也可以将其视为对中世纪世界关联性的一个温和提醒。”A. vague模糊的；B. powerful强有力的；C. urgent紧急的；D. dangerous危险的。根据后文“political message”可知，安装雕像传达的政治信息应该是强有力的。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，这只狮子是曾经将世界编织在一起的隐藏线索的无声见证者。A. treasures宝藏；B. figures人物；C. threads线索；D. patterns模式。根据后文“that once wove the world together.”可知，这里指狮子见证了世界联系的隐藏线索。故选C项。 Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) An Australian 13-year-old boy swam 4 km to shore and then ran another 2 km to get help for his family, who were stranded at sea. Austin Appelbee was called “superhuman” for what he did. Experts say his extraordinary effort went beyond what people typically consider possible. Austin and his family were on holiday when suddenly strong winds blew their boards away from the shore. His mother, Joanne, told him to swim to land for help. She knew he was the strongest swimmer and that he could do it. Austin first tried to paddle a kayak (皮划艇), but it took on too much water in the bad weather, so he had to abandon it. About two hours later, he took off his life jacket. “I was depleted, but I could hardly feel the tiredness,” he said. “I just kept on swimming — doing breaststroke, freestyle, and even survival backstroke.” After swimming 4 km to shore in the fading light, the teenager ran another 2 km to his family’s hotel. At about 6 p.m., he used his mother’s phone to call for help. “I told them, ‘I need helicopters. I need planes. I need boats. My family’s out at sea.’ I was very calm about it. I think it was just a lot of shock,” he recalled. Right after the call, he fainted from exhaustion and was taken to hospital. His family were later found floating about 14 km offshore and rescued. Dangerous moments can help people go beyond their limits, and the body releases stress hormones to assist with short-duration activity. But for a swim lasting hours, survival backstroke — a swimming style aimed at conserving energy in saltwater — was crucial. Austin started swimming lessons at age four. He previously found it “quite tiring” to swim just 350 meters without a break. However, this time he made it and proved to be a true hero. 36. Why did Austin set out for help by himself? A. His family were trapped far from the shore. B. The kayak his family used was sinking fast. C. A strong storm separated him from his parents. D. He tried to prove he was the strongest swimmer. 37. The underlined word “depleted” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______. A. cheered up B. blown away C. calmed down D. burned out 38. According to the last paragraph, what enabled Austin to accomplish this long-duration swim? A. Stress hormones released in dangerous situations. B. Survival backstroke conserving energy in saltwater. C. The encouragement he received from the rescue team. D. The swimming training he had received over the years. 39. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. A 13-year-old Boy’s Heroic Rescue B. The Science behind Human Limits C. A Family’s Unexpected Adventure D. The Value of Swimming Training 【答案】36. A 37. D 38. B 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个13岁澳大利亚男孩奥斯汀在家人被困海上时，独自游泳求救并成功救出家人的英勇事迹。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Austin and his family were on holiday when suddenly strong winds blew their boards away from the shore. His mother, Joanne, told him to swim to land for help. She knew he was the strongest swimmer and that he could do it.(奥斯汀一家人正在度假，突如其来的狂风把他们的冲浪板吹离了岸边。母亲乔安让他游上岸求助，她清楚儿子水性最好，一定能做到。)”以及第三段中“After swimming 4 km to shore in the fading light, the teenager ran another 2 km to his family’s hotel.(在微弱的光线下游了4公里到岸边后，这名少年又跑了2公里到他家人住的酒店。)”可知，奥斯汀的家人被困在离海岸很远的地方，所以他独自出去寻求帮助。故选A。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中““I was depleted, but I could hardly feel the tiredness,” he said. “I just kept on swimming — doing breaststroke, freestyle, and even survival backstroke.” After swimming 4 km to shore in the fading light, the teenager ran another 2 km to his family’s hotel.(他说：“我depleted，却几乎感受不到疲惫。我只能一直往前游 —— 蛙泳、自由泳，甚至还用上了求生仰泳。”天色渐暗时，他游完4公里抵达岸边，又跑了2公里赶到家人入住的酒店。)”可知，为救家人，奥斯汀游了很远的距离，感到筋疲力尽，仍继续坚持。此处depleted意为“筋疲力尽的”，与burned out意思相近。故选D。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。据最后一段中“But for a swim lasting hours, survival backstroke — a swimming style aimed at conserving energy in saltwater — was crucial.(但对于持续数小时的游泳来说，生存仰泳——一种旨在在盐水中保存能量的游泳方式——至关重要。)”可知，生存仰泳这种在盐水中保存能量的游泳方式使奥斯汀能够完成这次长时间的游泳。故选B。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中“Austin and his family were on holiday when suddenly strong winds blew their boards away from the shore. His mother, Joanne, told him to swim to land for help. She knew he was the strongest swimmer and that he could do it.(奥斯汀一家人正在度假，突如其来的狂风把他们的冲浪板吹离了岸边。母亲乔安让他游上岸求助，她清楚儿子水性最好，一定能做到。)”可知，文章主要讲述了13岁的澳大利亚男孩奥斯汀在家人被困海上时，独自游泳4公里到岸边，再跑2公里寻求帮助，最终成功救出家人的英勇事迹。因此，A选项“一个13岁男孩的英勇救援”最符合文章主旨。故选A。 (B) Reading a receipt involves identifying the contact information for the business, locating the date and time, reviewing the itemized list of products with prices, and checking the subtotal, taxes, and final total at the bottom. Important details also include payment method (cash / card) and the unique reference number. Fresh Grocery Store 6 Main Street Cash 2 – 2025 / 5 / 23 The contact information for the business The date of the purchase Fruits / Vegetables Onions £ 1.30 Bakery Bread £ 2.59 Refrigerated Products Butter £ 4.99 Meat Whole roasted chicken £ 12.54 Grocery Canned crushed tomatoes £ 2.49 Rice 1.4kg £ 6.99 Chocolate bar 110g £ 1.99 Paper towels 2 units £ 1.49 Beauty and Health Hand soap £ 2.79 Subtotal £ 37.17 Tax £ 2.30 Total £ 39.47 Cash £ 40.00 Change £ 0.53 Thank you for your trust and see you next time! ** Client Copy** Keep this copy for your records The list of what you bought The amount of the purchases The total amount of taxes* The total amount to pay The payment method used -Cash -Card Returns are allowed with the original sales receipt Any item may be returned for an exchange or refund within 14 days of purchase, provided it is in its original packaging. After this period, only exchanges are accepted. Some exceptions apply. See the details in-store. Return policies * Taxes are one of the primary sources of income for governments. The money is used to fund all government spending, including public services such as health care, education and transportation. Why tax customers and businesses? 40. It can be learned from the receipt that ________. A. the tax was already included in the subtotal B. the butter may need to be stored in a fridge C. the store sells cooked food products exclusively D. the customer handed over the exact amount of cash 41. If the customer decided to return the hand soap on June 15, 2025, he ________. A. could expect a full refund from the store B. would be asked to provide proof of payment C. should remember to repackage the product D. would not be allowed to make an exchange 42. What is the main purpose of the article? A. To advertise the products in the store. B. To instruct staff on customer service. C. To highlight the store’s taxing policy. D. To teach people how to read a receipt. 【答案】40. B 41. B 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了如何阅读一张购物收据及其相关信息。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中第一列第二栏中“Refrigerated Products Butter £ 4.99(冷藏产品 黄油 4.99英镑)”可知，黄油属于冷藏产品，可能需要在冰箱中储存。故选B。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中第一列第三栏中“Returns are allowed with the original sales receipt(凭原始销售收据方可办理退货)”及“Any item may be returned for an exchange or refund within 14 days of purchase, provided it is in its original packaging. After this period, only exchanges are accepted.(凡在购买后14天内，且商品保留原包装的情况下，均可办理退换货。超过此期限，仅接受换货)”可知，购买日期是2025年5月23日，退货日期是6月15日，已经超过了政策规定的14天退货期，退货或换货都需要提供原始购物收据，即付款凭证。故选B。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Reading a receipt involves identifying the contact information for the business, locating the date and time, reviewing the itemized list of products with prices, and checking the subtotal, taxes, and final total at the bottom.(查看一张收据，需要识别商家的联系信息、找到交易日期和时间、查看带有价格的明细商品清单，并核对底部的小计金额、税款和最终总价)”以及全文对收据各部分的讲解可知，本文旨在教人们如何看懂购物收据。故选D。 (C) In French culture, seven is known as l’âge de raison — the age at which children can tell right from wrong and assume some moral responsibility. Yet France’s national rail operator appears to disagree. They believe that children must be at least 12 to behave appropriately on a train. Earlier this month, SNCF, the state-owned railway company, launched its new Optimum Plus tariff (费用) on weekday rail services between Paris and Lyon, offering larger seats, better food and no under-12s. Designed to attract business travellers, the move aroused criticism and a wider debate about the place of children in society, particularly at a time of declining birthrates. “We can’t say we’re not having enough children and at the same time try to exclude them from everywhere,” argued Sarah El Hairy, a French official. Those who have endured long journeys with noisy children may understand the appeal of child-free spaces. But the reaction reflects a strong cultural objection. France traditionally grants children autonomy and responsibility, prioritising their integration into wider society. Children are expected to take part in everyday rituals, from elaborate school lunches to polite greetings. The underlying logic is simple: treating children as valued, responsible members of society helps them become respectful adults. Excluding them from public spaces weakens that lesson. The “no kids” rule therefore struck a nerve. SNCF, closely tied to French identity and summer holidays, is generally family-friendly. For example, activity packs are distributed to young travellers, and summer trains often carry groups of children heading to camps. After the social media storm, SNCF stressed that the new tariff applies to only 8% of weekday seats on one route and later removed references to a minimum age. Yet debate continues. Critics argue that a society unwilling to tolerate children is troubling. The controversy also connects with demographic (人口的) anxiety. Although France still has one of the highest birth rates in the EU, births have fallen sharply, with 24% fewer babies born last year than in 2010. The French government has called for expanding paid parental leave and maintaining extensive family support. Still, concerns about living costs and the climate crisis weigh heavily on decisions about parenthood. SNCF’s policy may affect only a small number of seats, but the reaction matters. Keeping children welcome in public spaces will not reverse falling birth rates. Treating them as troubles, however, is unlikely to help. 43. Why did SNCF launch the Optimum Plus tariff? A. To offer larger seats to children under 12. B. To appeal to frequent business travellers. C. To encourage public discussion about children. D. To promote the sale of rail tickets on weekends. 44. What can be inferred about SNCF according to the passage? A. It insists on the “no kids” rule despite strong opposition. B. It has long been criticized for not being family-friendly. C. It has attempted to soften the impact of the new policy. D. It promises to grant young passengers more autonomy. 45. The “no kids” policy arouses public concern in France because _______. A. it conflicts with France’s traditional attitude to children B. it has further decreased the birth rate among French C. it limits children’s access to all public transportation D. it may cause stress-related nerve problems in children 46. What is the author’s overall attitude in the passage? A. Neutral and mixed about the policy’s social impact. B. Concerned and critical of “no-kids” rule on board. C. Worried but supportive of policies favouring parents. D. Suspicious yet respectful of the rail operator’s policy. 【答案】43. B 44. C 45. A 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了法国国家铁路运营商推出“无儿童”票价政策引发的争议及其背后反映的社会文化问题。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Earlier this month, SNCF, the state-owned railway company, launched its new Optimum Plus tariff (费用) on weekday rail services between Paris and Lyon, offering larger seats, better food and no under-12s. Designed to attract business travellers, the move aroused criticism and a wider debate about the place of children in society, particularly at a time of declining birthrates.(本月早些时候，法国国有铁路公司SNCF，在巴黎至里昂的工作日列车线路上推出全新的“优享加强版”票价，该席位座椅更宽敞、餐食更优质，且禁止十二岁以下儿童乘坐。此举初衷是吸引商务旅客，却引发诸多非议，也掀起一场关于儿童社会地位的广泛讨论，尤其当下法国正面临出生率走低的现状。)”可知，SNCF推出“优享加强版”票价是为了吸引经常出差的商务旅客。故选B。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“After the social media storm, SNCF stressed that the new tariff applies to only 8% of weekday seats on one route and later removed references to a minimum age. Yet debate continues.(在社交媒体舆论发酵后，法国国家铁路公司出面表态，强调该新票价仅覆盖一条线路工作日8%的席位，后续还删除了相关最低年龄限制的条款，但相关争议仍未平息。)”可知，SNCF试图减轻新政策的影响。故选C。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But the reaction reflects a strong cultural objection. France traditionally grants children autonomy and responsibility, prioritising their integration into wider society. Children are expected to take part in everyday rituals, from elaborate school lunches to polite greetings. The underlying logic is simple: treating children as valued, responsible members of society helps them become respectful adults. Excluding them from public spaces weakens that lesson.(但民众的反对呼声，实则源于根深蒂固的文化观念。法国向来赋予孩子自主权利与责任意识，重视让他们融入整个社会。孩子们需要参与日常各类生活礼仪，从精致丰盛的校园午餐，到礼貌得体的待人问候，皆是如此。背后的道理十分浅显：将孩子视作受重视、有担当的社会一员，才能助力他们成长为懂尊重、有教养的成年人。而将孩童隔绝在公共空间之外，只会背离这一教育初衷。)”可知，“无儿童”政策引起了法国公众的关注，因为它与法国对儿童的传统态度相冲突。故选A。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“SNCF’s policy may affect only a small number of seats, but the reaction matters. Keeping children welcome in public spaces will not reverse falling birth rates. Treating them as troubles, however, is unlikely to help.(SNCF的政策可能只影响少数座位，但反应很重要。让儿童在公共空间受到欢迎不会扭转出生率下降的趋势。然而，把他们当作麻烦事不太可能有所帮助。)”可知，作者对火车上的“无儿童”规则表示担忧和批评。故选B。 Section C (8分) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A Cow Shocks Scientists by Using a Tool The smart animal club continues to add new members, and the newest might surprise you. In a study newly published, scientists from the University of Veterinary Medicine analyzed the behavior of a pet cow in Austria named Veronika and concluded that it qualifies as tool use. The definition of tool use is actually rather strict. ____47____ Despite roughly 10,000 years of human-cattle coexistence, this is the first time scientists have documented a cow using a tool. ____48____ They then recorded which end she grabbed and which part of her body she scratched (挠). According to the researchers, Veronika rolled out her tongue like a carpet, using its flexible tip to grab the stick and roll it into her mouth. She then held the brush steadily, turned her neck, and scratched herself. This observation made scientists reconsider cows’ intelligence. ____49____ Veronika, as researchers noted, had different preferences for scratching different areas of her body. For example, when targeting the softer and more sensitive regions of her lower body, she switches over to the smooth stick end. Moreover, when scratching her upper body, Veronika uses wider and more forceful movements, while her lower-body scratching is slower, more careful, and highly controlled. “The test confirmed Veronika’s behavior was intentional and controlled,” says Robert Shumaker, an evolutionary biologist. ____50____ There is already evidence that other mammals like water buffalo and goats are known tool users. A. More surprisingly, the animal can even adjust how she handles the tool. B. The multi-purpose nature of tool use is beyond everyone’s expectations. C. Her life circumstances may to some extent explain this unique behavior. D. An animal must intentionally grasp and control an object to achieve a goal. E. To test Veronika’s skills, researchers placed a brush on the ground near her. F. He is excited to add cows to the list of tool-using animals, but not surprised. 【答案】47. D 48. E 49. A 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了奥地利一头名叫Veronika的奶牛使用工具挠痒，科学家通过研究证实了这一行为，并重新审视了牛的智力。 【47题详解】 上文“In a study newly published, scientists from the University of Veterinary Medicine analyzed the behavior of a pet cow in Austria named Veronika and concluded that it qualifies as tool use. The definition of tool use is actually rather strict.(在一项新发表的研究中，奥地利兽医大学的科学家们分析了奥地利一只名为维罗妮卡的宠物牛的行为，并得出结论：它具备工具使用的资格。工具使用的定义实际上相当严格)”说明工具使用的定义很严格，空处和前文为解释关系，说明需要满足什么条件才算使用工具。所以D项“动物必须有意地抓住并控制一个物体以实现一个目标”符合语境。故选D。 【48题详解】 上文“Despite roughly 10,000 years of human-cattle coexistence, this is the first time scientists have documented a cow using a tool.(尽管人类和牛共同生活了大约1万年，但这是科学家第一次记录到牛使用工具)”说明这是科学家第一次记录到牛使用工具。下文“They then recorded which end she grabbed and which part of her body she scratched (挠).(然后，他们记录下她抓的是哪一端，以及她挠的是身体的哪个部位)”说明科学家先做了某个测试行为。空处应承接上文，同时和后文为顺承关系，说明研究人员先放置工具再进行观察。所以E项“为了测试Veronika的技能，研究人员在她附近的地面上放了一把刷子”符合语境，下文中的They指代该项中的researchers。故选E。 【49题详解】 下文“Veronika, as researchers noted, had different preferences for scratching different areas of her body.(研究人员指出，Veronika对挠身体不同部位有不同的偏好)”说明Veronika会根据身体不同部位调整使用工具的方式，空处和后文为递进关系，说明它不仅会用工具还会调整用法。所以A项“更令人惊讶的是，这种动物甚至可以调整她使用工具的方式”符合语境。故选A。 【50题详解】 上文““The test confirmed Veronika’s behavior was intentional and controlled,” says Robert Shumaker, an evolutionary biologist.(进化生物学家罗伯特·舒梅克说:“测试证实了Veronika的行为是有意和受控的。”)”说明这位生物学家对此的评价，下文“There is already evidence that other mammals like water buffalo and goats are known tool users.(已有证据表明，水牛和山羊等其他哺乳动物也是已知的工具使用者)”说明有证据证明前面研究的准确性。空处应承接上文，说明他对牛会使用工具这一发现的态度，下文同时对这种看法提供了科学依据。所以F项“他很兴奋能将牛列入使用工具的动物名单，但并不感到惊讶”符合语境，该项中的“but not surprised”和下文中的“There is already evidence”相呼应。故选F。 III. Summary Writing (10分) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Algorithm (算法) Fatigue Algorithm fatigue is the tiredness from being “perfectly targeted” by every platform. On multiple e-commerce apps, the “Recommended for You” and precise targeting features once felt like magic. Now, it just seems exhausting. When an algorithm is too accurate, it feels like a spy. The perfect content it generates fixes our eyes on screens; it’s like addictive potato chips. The biggest issue is that it removes the “happy accident”. Algorithms are logical, but humans are unpredictable. When algorithms get too good, we are trapped in an information bubble that simply mirrors our own opinions. Meanwhile, when a computer decides what we see, we are no longer the pilot of our own attention. Our choices are no longer truly ours — they are predicted, shaped, and fed back to us. At its core, algorithm fatigue signals a fundamental loss of autonomy. We lose not only the joy of discovery, but also the capacity to know what we might have chosen on our own. Looking ahead, technology is here to stay, and algorithms do help us in many ways. But balance is needed. For developers, the challenge is to build systems that leave room for the unexpected. Future apps could include a “surprise me” button — one that pushes us beyond our usual choices. For the rest of us, the key is to spend less time on screens. Ask someone nearby for a recommendation. Walk down a street you’ve never explored without taking on GPS. Algorithm fatigue reveals a limit not of technology, but of how we use it. The next trend, therefore, isn’t necessarily a better algorithm, but a wiser human. We still want recommendations — just not at the cost of discovery. What we seek is not to escape technology, but to reclaim our role in using it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Algorithm fatigue refers to tiredness from overly precise algorithmic targeting, which traps people in information bubbles, erodes autonomy and robs people of discovery joy. To address it, balance is needed: developers should leave room for surprises, while users reduce screen time to reclaim control. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕算法疲劳展开，解释算法疲劳的定义、危害，并提出解决该问题的核心方案 —— 平衡技术与人类自主，呼吁开发者留足惊喜空间、用户减少屏幕时间，以便重获信息选择权与发现乐趣。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① Algorithm fatigue is the tiredness from being “perfectly targeted” by every platform. ② The biggest issue is that it removes the “happy accident”. ③ We lose not only the joy of discovery, but also the capacity to know what we might have chosen on our own. ④ But balance is needed. ⑤For developers, the challenge is to build systems that leave room for the unexpected. ⑥For the rest of us, the key is to spend less time on screens.  2. 缜密构思 将第1、2、3三个要点进行合并整合，将4、5、6三个要点进行整合。 3. 遣词造句 Algorithm fatigue refers to tiredness from overly precise algorithmic targeting, which traps people in information bubbles, erodes autonomy and robs people of discovery joy. To address it, balance is needed. Developers should leave room for surprises, while users reduce screen time to reclaim control. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Algorithm fatigue refers to tiredness from overly precise algorithmic targeting, which traps people in information bubbles, erodes autonomy and robs people of discovery joy.（运用which引导的非限制性定语从句和三个动词的并列对原文第二段和第三段进行了概括，表达简洁干练。） [高分句型2] To address it, balance is needed: developers should leave room for surprises, while users reduce screen time to reclaim control.（运用动词不定式引出第四段的解决办法，用while引导并列句，表示对比、转折，清晰区分开发者和用户的不同责任，逻辑层级分明。） IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 亲爱的班长，你能在我的毕业相册上签名并写一句祝福吗？（sign）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear monitor, could you please sign my graduation album and write a blessing for me? 【解析】 【详解】考查动词，名词和短语。“亲爱的班长”用Dear monitor表示呼语，“能……吗”用情态动词could+动词原形的一般疑问句表示，“在……上签名”用动词sign表示，“我的毕业相册”表示为my graduation album作宾语，“写一句祝福”暗示“为我写一句祝福”用write a blessing for me表示，与“签名”是并列关系，用and连接。句首单词首字母大写。故译为Dear monitor, could you please sign my graduation album and write a blessing for me? 53. 原来是她的宠物猫踩到了键盘，发了这条令人摸不着头脑的消息。（turn out）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It turned out that her pet cat stepped on the keyboard and sent this puzzling message. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和固定句型。表示“原来是……”用固定句型It turns out that…；表示“她的宠物猫”用her pet cat，作主语；表示“踩到键盘”用step on the keyboard，表示“发了这条消息”用send this message；turn out作主句谓语，step和send并列作从句谓语，事情已发生，用一般过去时；表示“令人摸不着头脑的信息”用this puzzling message。故翻译为：It turned out that her pet cat stepped on the keyboard and sent this puzzling message. 54. 市长嗅到了这一绝佳的机遇，提议新建一条连接城乡的公路。(alert) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The mayor, alert to this excellent opportunity, proposed building a new road connecting the city and the countryside. 【解析】 【详解】考查一般过去时、形容词短语作状语和现在分词作定语。句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；“嗅到了这一绝佳的机遇”即“对这一绝佳的机遇保持警觉”，用形容词短语“alert to this excellent opportunity”在句中作状语；“提议做某事”用固定搭配“propose doing sth”；“连接城乡的”作定语修饰“公路”，用现在分词短语“connecting the city and the countryside”。故翻译为The mayor, alert to this excellent opportunity, proposed building a new road connecting the city and the countryside. 55. 这台机器人在台上闪转腾挪，上演了精彩的中国功夫，不仅赢得了连连掌声，也收获了大量订单。（which）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This robot moved nimbly and flexibly on the stage and performed wonderful Chinese kung fu, which not only won continuous applause but also gained a lot of orders. 【解析】 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句和并列结构。句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；表示“这台机器人”用this robot；表示“在台上”用on the stage；表示“闪转腾挪”用move nimbly and flexibly；表示“上演了精彩的中国功夫”用perform wonderful Chinese kung fu，move和perform并列作主句谓语，应用过去式moved和performed；“不仅赢得了连连掌声，也收获了大量订单”按要求用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容，在从句中作主语；表示“不仅……也……”用not only...but also...，连接并列谓语；表示“赢得了连连掌声”用win continuous applause；表示“收获了大量订单”用gain a lot of orders，win和gain作从句谓语，用过去式。综上，故翻译为：This robot moved nimbly and flexibly on the stage and performed wonderful Chinese kung fu, which not only won continuous applause but also gained a lot of orders. V. Guided Writing (25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的李明，你校校报Young Voice专栏近日选取了一则新闻作为话题，面向全体学生征稿，新闻如下： 10 Dec 2025 “Australia passed a law banning teenagers under 16 from using social media. They can neither set up new accounts nor access their existing ones.” 请你以李明的身份投稿，内容须包括： 1．你是否支持这一举措； 2．结合你的经历，说明理由 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Editor, I am Li Ming from Mingqi High School. Recently I’ve learned that Australia has passed a law banning teenagers under 16 from using social media. Personally, I fully support this measure. As I realize that social media often distracts students from their studies, I strongly believe it is a wise decision. Last term, I used to spend hours watching short videos every day, which made me tired in class and caused my grades to drop. It was after I stopped using social media that I focused better on my schoolwork and made rapid progress. What matters most for teenagers at present is to develop good habits and gain knowledge instead of being addicted to the Internet. In short, the law helps teenagers stay healthy and focused. I hope more countries will take similar action. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李明的身份给校报专栏投稿，针对澳大利亚禁止16岁以下青少年使用社交媒体的法律发表观点，并结合自身经历说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 支持：support → be in favor of 下降：drop → decline 专注于：focus on → concentrate on 获取知识：gain knowledge → acquire knowledge 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：As I realize that social media often distracts students from their studies, I strongly believe it is a wise decision. 拓展句：Realizing that social media often distracts students from their studies, I strongly believe it is a wise decision. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Last term, I used to spend hours watching short videos every day, which made me tired in class and caused my grades to drop.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】It was after I stopped using social media that I focused better on my schoolwork and made rapid progress.(运用了“It was... that...”强调句型) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025学年第二学期高中英语练习卷 考生注意： 1．考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2．本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3．务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Risky Inoculation (预防接种) that Changed Russia Catherine the Great set out to define Russia as an extremely important power in Europe. Her rule remained stable ____1____ the year of 1768, when something began to threaten her people and her position — an ancient disease named smallpox. By the 18th century, smallpox ____2____ (become) particularly deadly. One in five people who caught it died. It was particularly dangerous for children, so parents would be advised not to count their children unless they survived smallpox. There was absolutely ____3____ that could be done. People tried keeping patients hot ____4____ (sweat) the disease out or even bleeding them, neither of which did any good. Since the 16th century, there had been inoculation ____5____ (practise) widely in China, the Middle East and Turkey. It involved a person being given a controlled dose (剂量) of the disease. A tiny drop of pus (脓液) from the spots of someone with the disease ____6____ (collect). Then the live virus was put into a cut on the arm of the healthy person. In 1767, a British doctor named Dinsdale published an instruction manual and introduced his way to inoculate safely. And that’s ____7____ he came to the attention of Catherine the Great. In the 1760s, inoculation wasn’t a common practice in Russia, a land ____8____ there was “enormous distrust” against it. Catherine made the brave decision to experiment with treatment first. She put her faith in science and her life in the hands of Dinsdale, ____9____ (call) for him in 1768 to treat her and her family. Catherine’s inoculation went so well that her experience encouraged her people to get inoculated, too. Indeed, her first experiment demonstrated great resolution and firmness of her mind. To her people, she projected an image of herself ____10____ a caring ruler. She was remembered for advancing public health in Russia and saving millions of lives. Section B (10分) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. openness B. translating C. ancient D. reduced E. dramatic F. personally G. fixed H. suggest I. balance J. emotionally K. copying Listening to the Elements In the world of contemporary classical music, few composers have explored cultural dialogue as quietly and persistently as Qigang Chen. Born in Shanghai and trained in France, Chen has spent decades ____11____ Chinese philosophical ideas into a musical language of Western traditions. One of his most widely performed works, Wu Xing (The Five Elements), offers a marvellous example of how ____12____ wisdom can be reinterpreted for modern audience. Completed in the late 1990s, Wu Xing is a five-movement orchestral piece (管弦乐曲) inspired by the traditional Chinese concept that views the universe as a dynamic ____13____ of five forces: metal, wood, water, fire and earth. Instead of treating these elements as ____14____ symbols, Chen presents them as part of a continuous cycle in which each generates the next. This idea of movement and transformation lies at the heart of the composition. The work opens not with a(n) ____15____ statement but with reserve. Slight changes in texture and colour suggest the flow of water, while later movements introduce sharper rhythms and brighter sounds to indicate fire and metal. Chen avoids directly ____16____ traditional Chinese music. For him, tradition is not something to be directly displayed but something to be absorbed and reshaped. He uses the full resources of a Western orchestra to ____17____ qualities such as weight, flow and tension. In doing so, he invites listeners to experience the philosophy ____18____ rather than intellectually. At a time when global culture is often ____19____ to easy labels, Chen’s work offers a quieter alternative. Wu Xing does not explain the five elements; it listens to them. It implies that cultural exchange in music does not depend on grand display, but on patience, discipline and a(n) ____20____ to transformation. And in that silence between sounds, something new is born. II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. To visitors, the Italian city of Venice displays a splendid picture of historic buildings, waterways, bell towers, and red roofs. Yet the city also features a mighty (威猛的) winged lion, the ____21____ of what was once called the Venetian Republic (697-1797). Lions of various sizes and materials were carved into structures throughout its streets and squares. Among them, perhaps the ____22____ version is a bronze statue standing atop a column near St. Mark’s Square. Now, new evidence suggests that this famous statue may have originated not in Europe, but in China. Using chemical analysis on samples taken from the sculpture, a team from the University of Padua ____23____ the metal used in the statue to the Yangtze River region in China. Their findings ____24____ long-held assumptions about the statue’s origins. For centuries, experts had believed it was crafted either in Italy or the Middle East — yet its stylish uniqueness remained an enduring ____25____. The new discovery may finally help solve that mystery. Though installed in St. Mark’s Square during the 13th century, the lion shows a surprising ____26____ to artwork produced in China during the Tang Dynasty, rather than that found in medieval (中世纪的) Mediterranean Europe. The researchers point to specific features — the shape of its nose, as well as scars (疤痕) indicating the ____27____ of earlier horns — as convincing evidence. Further ____28____ the complexity, the column on which the lion stands is of Middle East origin. And records show the statue has undergone multiple repairs, the earliest dating back to 1293. “It is possible that Marco Polo’s father and uncle, during their four-year stay in China, played a key role in ____29____ the sculpture,” the researchers note. If so, the object they brought back was ____30____ a zhènmùshòu — a fierce lion-like grave guardian from the Tang Dynasty. Once transported to Italy, the statue was likely “carefully and laboriously reshaped” to ____31____ the image of the winged lion of St. Mark, they add. The ____32____ include removing its original horns and adding a stone “wig” — a piece of headwear that signifies power and authority. ____33____, written records are absent, leaving the exact circumstances of its journey open to interpretation. “Though the installation of the lion was intended to project a(n) ____34____ political message, we may now also view it as a gentle reminder of the connectedness of the medieval world,” the researchers conclude. Ultimately, the lion is a quiet witness to the hidden ____35____ that once wove the world together. 21. A. territory B. title C. symbol D. status 22. A. worst-affected B. least-visited C. most-needed D. best-known 23. A. owed B. traced C. dated D. applied 24. A. confirm B. overlook C. challenge D. revise 25. A. puzzle B. ritual C. appeal D. beauty 26. A. comparison B. contrast C. dedication D. similarity 27. A. function B. removal C. renewal D. destruction 28. A. breaking down B. putting aside C. adding to D. taking away 29. A. acquiring B. ruining C. studying D. designing 30. A. eventually B. originally C. controversially D. rarely 31. A. present B. protect C. post D. print 32. A. innovations B. interventions C. decorations D. modifications 33. A. Additionally B. Consequently C. Unfortunately D. Accordingly 34. A. vague B. powerful C. urgent D. dangerous 35. A. treasures B. figures C. threads D. patterns Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) An Australian 13-year-old boy swam 4 km to shore and then ran another 2 km to get help for his family, who were stranded at sea. Austin Appelbee was called “superhuman” for what he did. Experts say his extraordinary effort went beyond what people typically consider possible. Austin and his family were on holiday when suddenly strong winds blew their boards away from the shore. His mother, Joanne, told him to swim to land for help. She knew he was the strongest swimmer and that he could do it. Austin first tried to paddle a kayak (皮划艇), but it took on too much water in the bad weather, so he had to abandon it. About two hours later, he took off his life jacket. “I was depleted, but I could hardly feel the tiredness,” he said. “I just kept on swimming — doing breaststroke, freestyle, and even survival backstroke.” After swimming 4 km to shore in the fading light, the teenager ran another 2 km to his family’s hotel. At about 6 p.m., he used his mother’s phone to call for help. “I told them, ‘I need helicopters. I need planes. I need boats. My family’s out at sea.’ I was very calm about it. I think it was just a lot of shock,” he recalled. Right after the call, he fainted from exhaustion and was taken to hospital. His family were later found floating about 14 km offshore and rescued. Dangerous moments can help people go beyond their limits, and the body releases stress hormones to assist with short-duration activity. But for a swim lasting hours, survival backstroke — a swimming style aimed at conserving energy in saltwater — was crucial. Austin started swimming lessons at age four. He previously found it “quite tiring” to swim just 350 meters without a break. However, this time he made it and proved to be a true hero. 36. Why did Austin set out for help by himself? A. His family were trapped far from the shore. B. The kayak his family used was sinking fast. C. A strong storm separated him from his parents. D. He tried to prove he was the strongest swimmer. 37. The underlined word “depleted” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______. A. cheered up B. blown away C. calmed down D. burned out 38. According to the last paragraph, what enabled Austin to accomplish this long-duration swim? A. Stress hormones released in dangerous situations. B. Survival backstroke conserving energy in saltwater. C. The encouragement he received from the rescue team. D. The swimming training he had received over the years. 39. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. A 13-year-old Boy’s Heroic Rescue B. The Science behind Human Limits C. A Family’s Unexpected Adventure D. The Value of Swimming Training (B) Reading a receipt involves identifying the contact information for the business, locating the date and time, reviewing the itemized list of products with prices, and checking the subtotal, taxes, and final total at the bottom. Important details also include payment method (cash / card) and the unique reference number. Fresh Grocery Store 6 Main Street Cash 2 – 2025 / 5 / 23 The contact information for the business The date of the purchase Fruits / Vegetables Onions £ 1.30 Bakery Bread £ 2.59 Refrigerated Products Butter £ 4.99 Meat Whole roasted chicken £ 12.54 Grocery Canned crushed tomatoes £ 2.49 Rice 1.4kg £ 6.99 Chocolate bar 110g £ 1.99 Paper towels 2 units £ 1.49 Beauty and Health Hand soap £ 2.79 Subtotal £ 37.17 Tax £ 2.30 Total £ 39.47 Cash £ 40.00 Change £ 0.53 Thank you for your trust and see you next time! ** Client Copy** Keep this copy for your records The list of what you bought The amount of the purchases The total amount of taxes* The total amount to pay The payment method used -Cash -Card Returns are allowed with the original sales receipt Any item may be returned for an exchange or refund within 14 days of purchase, provided it is in its original packaging. After this period, only exchanges are accepted. Some exceptions apply. See the details in-store. Return policies * Taxes are one of the primary sources of income for governments. The money is used to fund all government spending, including public services such as health care, education and transportation. Why tax customers and businesses? 40. It can be learned from the receipt that ________. A. the tax was already included in the subtotal B. the butter may need to be stored in a fridge C. the store sells cooked food products exclusively D. the customer handed over the exact amount of cash 41. If the customer decided to return the hand soap on June 15, 2025, he ________. A. could expect a full refund from the store B. would be asked to provide proof of payment C. should remember to repackage the product D. would not be allowed to make an exchange 42. What is the main purpose of the article? A. To advertise the products in the store. B. To instruct staff on customer service. C. To highlight the store’s taxing policy. D. To teach people how to read a receipt. (C) In French culture, seven is known as l’âge de raison — the age at which children can tell right from wrong and assume some moral responsibility. Yet France’s national rail operator appears to disagree. They believe that children must be at least 12 to behave appropriately on a train. Earlier this month, SNCF, the state-owned railway company, launched its new Optimum Plus tariff (费用) on weekday rail services between Paris and Lyon, offering larger seats, better food and no under-12s. Designed to attract business travellers, the move aroused criticism and a wider debate about the place of children in society, particularly at a time of declining birthrates. “We can’t say we’re not having enough children and at the same time try to exclude them from everywhere,” argued Sarah El Hairy, a French official. Those who have endured long journeys with noisy children may understand the appeal of child-free spaces. But the reaction reflects a strong cultural objection. France traditionally grants children autonomy and responsibility, prioritising their integration into wider society. Children are expected to take part in everyday rituals, from elaborate school lunches to polite greetings. The underlying logic is simple: treating children as valued, responsible members of society helps them become respectful adults. Excluding them from public spaces weakens that lesson. The “no kids” rule therefore struck a nerve. SNCF, closely tied to French identity and summer holidays, is generally family-friendly. For example, activity packs are distributed to young travellers, and summer trains often carry groups of children heading to camps. After the social media storm, SNCF stressed that the new tariff applies to only 8% of weekday seats on one route and later removed references to a minimum age. Yet debate continues. Critics argue that a society unwilling to tolerate children is troubling. The controversy also connects with demographic (人口的) anxiety. Although France still has one of the highest birth rates in the EU, births have fallen sharply, with 24% fewer babies born last year than in 2010. The French government has called for expanding paid parental leave and maintaining extensive family support. Still, concerns about living costs and the climate crisis weigh heavily on decisions about parenthood. SNCF’s policy may affect only a small number of seats, but the reaction matters. Keeping children welcome in public spaces will not reverse falling birth rates. Treating them as troubles, however, is unlikely to help. 43. Why did SNCF launch the Optimum Plus tariff? A. To offer larger seats to children under 12. B. To appeal to frequent business travellers. C. To encourage public discussion about children. D. To promote the sale of rail tickets on weekends. 44. What can be inferred about SNCF according to the passage? A. It insists on the “no kids” rule despite strong opposition. B. It has long been criticized for not being family-friendly. C. It has attempted to soften the impact of the new policy. D. It promises to grant young passengers more autonomy. 45. The “no kids” policy arouses public concern in France because _______. A. it conflicts with France’s traditional attitude to children B. it has further decreased the birth rate among French C. it limits children’s access to all public transportation D. it may cause stress-related nerve problems in children 46. What is the author’s overall attitude in the passage? A. Neutral and mixed about the policy’s social impact. B. Concerned and critical of “no-kids” rule on board. C. Worried but supportive of policies favouring parents. D. Suspicious yet respectful of the rail operator’s policy. Section C (8分) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A Cow Shocks Scientists by Using a Tool The smart animal club continues to add new members, and the newest might surprise you. In a study newly published, scientists from the University of Veterinary Medicine analyzed the behavior of a pet cow in Austria named Veronika and concluded that it qualifies as tool use. The definition of tool use is actually rather strict. ____47____ Despite roughly 10,000 years of human-cattle coexistence, this is the first time scientists have documented a cow using a tool. ____48____ They then recorded which end she grabbed and which part of her body she scratched (挠). According to the researchers, Veronika rolled out her tongue like a carpet, using its flexible tip to grab the stick and roll it into her mouth. She then held the brush steadily, turned her neck, and scratched herself. This observation made scientists reconsider cows’ intelligence. ____49____ Veronika, as researchers noted, had different preferences for scratching different areas of her body. For example, when targeting the softer and more sensitive regions of her lower body, she switches over to the smooth stick end. Moreover, when scratching her upper body, Veronika uses wider and more forceful movements, while her lower-body scratching is slower, more careful, and highly controlled. “The test confirmed Veronika’s behavior was intentional and controlled,” says Robert Shumaker, an evolutionary biologist. ____50____ There is already evidence that other mammals like water buffalo and goats are known tool users. A. More surprisingly, the animal can even adjust how she handles the tool. B. The multi-purpose nature of tool use is beyond everyone’s expectations. C. Her life circumstances may to some extent explain this unique behavior. D. An animal must intentionally grasp and control an object to achieve a goal. E. To test Veronika’s skills, researchers placed a brush on the ground near her. F. He is excited to add cows to the list of tool-using animals, but not surprised. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Algorithm (算法) Fatigue Algorithm fatigue is the tiredness from being “perfectly targeted” by every platform. On multiple e-commerce apps, the “Recommended for You” and precise targeting features once felt like magic. Now, it just seems exhausting. When an algorithm is too accurate, it feels like a spy. The perfect content it generates fixes our eyes on screens; it’s like addictive potato chips. The biggest issue is that it removes the “happy accident”. Algorithms are logical, but humans are unpredictable. When algorithms get too good, we are trapped in an information bubble that simply mirrors our own opinions. Meanwhile, when a computer decides what we see, we are no longer the pilot of our own attention. Our choices are no longer truly ours — they are predicted, shaped, and fed back to us. At its core, algorithm fatigue signals a fundamental loss of autonomy. We lose not only the joy of discovery, but also the capacity to know what we might have chosen on our own. Looking ahead, technology is here to stay, and algorithms do help us in many ways. But balance is needed. For developers, the challenge is to build systems that leave room for the unexpected. Future apps could include a “surprise me” button — one that pushes us beyond our usual choices. For the rest of us, the key is to spend less time on screens. Ask someone nearby for a recommendation. Walk down a street you’ve never explored without taking on GPS. Algorithm fatigue reveals a limit not of technology, but of how we use it. The next trend, therefore, isn’t necessarily a better algorithm, but a wiser human. We still want recommendations — just not at the cost of discovery. What we seek is not to escape technology, but to reclaim our role in using it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 亲爱的班长，你能在我的毕业相册上签名并写一句祝福吗？（sign）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 原来是她的宠物猫踩到了键盘，发了这条令人摸不着头脑的消息。（turn out）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 市长嗅到了这一绝佳的机遇，提议新建一条连接城乡的公路。(alert) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 这台机器人在台上闪转腾挪，上演了精彩的中国功夫，不仅赢得了连连掌声，也收获了大量订单。（which）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing (25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的李明，你校校报Young Voice专栏近日选取了一则新闻作为话题，面向全体学生征稿，新闻如下： 10 Dec 2025 “Australia passed a law banning teenagers under 16 from using social media. They can neither set up new accounts nor access their existing ones.” 请你以李明的身份投稿，内容须包括： 1．你是否支持这一举措； 2．结合你的经历，说明理由 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $