Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（译林版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦状语从句复习，系统梳理时间、条件、让步、地点、原因等九类从句，通过“语境感知-语法入门-学案梳理-应用融通”的学习支架，从真实语料体悟到分类讲解（如when/while/as用法对比），再到对点练与语篇应用，构建完整知识脉络。 该资料以语料驱动语法学习，“语境中体悟”用健康研究素材提升语言理解能力，“学案中理清”通过表格对比、名师点津培养分析比较思维，“应用中融通”结合词汇拓展实现语法与词汇联动。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生通过练习查漏补缺，提升自主学习能力。

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 　　　(语法项目——复习状语从句) 语境中体悟 ①Although the benefits of regular exercise are well documented，there's a new bonus to add to the ever－growing list.New research found that middle－aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia (痴呆症) in later life and ②if they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.A researcher told the reporter, “These findings are exciting ③because it's possible that improving people's cardiovascular (心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.” For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test ④until they were tired out to measure their peak cardiovascular capacity. [语法入门] 句①Although引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”； 句②if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”； 句③because引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”； 句④until引导时间状语从句，意为“直到……为止”。 学案中理清 一、时间状语从句　 1．when、 while和as引导的时间状语从句 连词 含义 用法 when 当……时候 可与延续性动词或非延续性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生 while 当……时候 只可与延续性动词连用；侧重于主句动作与从句动作相对比 as 一边……一 边……；随着 常与延续性动词连用；从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生 2.表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语引导的时间状语从句 (1)有的名词(短语)或副词可引导时间状语从句，如the moment、 the minute、 the second、 the instant、 immediately、 directly、 instantly等；另外，as soon as也可引导时间状语从句，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。 (2)在hardly/scarcely ...when ...和no sooner ...than ...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时；当hardly、 scarcely或no sooner位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 3．till、 until和not ...until/till的用法 until、 till两者均表示“直到……为止”，引导时间状语从句。肯定句中，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词，表示某动作一直延续到某时间为止；not ...until/till ...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词，表示某动作直到某时间才开始。until可放在句首，而till不可放在句首，且till一般不用于强调句型。 4．before与since引导的时间状语从句 连词 词义 常用句式 before 在……之前；还没来得及……就……；……才……；趁着…… It will (not) be＋一段时间＋before ...“(没有)过……(时间)就……”； It was not/won't be long before ...“不久就……”； It was＋时间段＋before ...“过了……(时间)才……” since 自从……以来 It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...(从句用一般过去时) 5.其他引导时间状语从句的常见名词短语 every/each time　　　　　　 每次 any time 任何时候 next time 下次 all the time (在某段时间内)一直 the first/last time 第一次/最后一次 the day/year ... 那天/年…… [对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. ②I wiped the tears on his cheeks, promising to keep him company until/till the end of the competition. ③The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times before it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”． ④As_the_summer_vacation_is_approaching,_I will be free for almost three months. 随着暑假临近，我将有大约三个月的空闲时间。 ⑤Every_time/Each_time/Whenever_we_met_with_difficulties,_they came to help us. 每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮助我们。 二、条件状语从句　 1．引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词(短语)有： if, unless, as/so long as, in case (万一), once, on condition that, provided/providing (that), supposing/suppose (that), assuming that (假设)等。 2．only if和if only的区别 only if意为“只有”，置于句首时主句的主谓要用部分倒装；if only意为“但愿；要是……就好了”，引导的从句要用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，从句用一般过去时；与过去的情况相反时，从句用过去完成时；与将来的情况相反时，从句谓语用“would/could＋动词原形”。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion unless he wants their support. ②The sales of houses in our city fell by 40 percent last month, and it will be 48 percent if we don't count low－price houses provided for poor residents. ③Life doesn't count for much unless you're willing to do your small part to leave our children a better world. ④If_you're_interested_in_the_Chinese_folk_art,_please email me. 如果你对中国民间艺术感兴趣，请发邮件给我。 ⑤As/So_long_as_we_have_a_strong_will,_we'll be able to get over any difficulty. 只要我们有顽强的意志，就能够克服任何困难。 三、让步状语从句　 1．although、 though、 as与while引导的让步状语从句 (1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。 (2)although与though都可以与yet、 still、 nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。 (3)while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。 2．even if与even though引导的让步状语从句 even if与even though表示“即使，纵然”，引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可以用陈述语气。 3．“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋－ever”引导的让步状语从句 (1)“no matter＋疑问词”相当于“疑问词＋－ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。 (2)whoever、 whatever、 whomever和whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”不可以。 4．whether ...or (not) ...引导的让步状语从句 whether ...or ...表示“不论是……还是……”，表示两种对比情况。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①Although/Though/While/Even_if/Even_though he could give her sympathy, any practical help was almost beyond him. ②A pair of red shoes — whether they are for sports, dances or just fashion — is a must－have for every Chinese woman's shoe collection. ③While/Though/Although the Internet has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive. ④Though/Although_(I_am)_buried_in_books_these_days,_I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself. 虽然这些天我在埋头读书，但为了提高自己，我仍然参加了几个学生俱乐部。 ⑤We still have a long way to go even_if/though_our_project_has_been_carried_out_smoothly so far. 即使到目前为止我们的项目进行得很顺利，但我们仍然还有很长的一段路要走。 ⑥However/No_matter_how_far_away_we_are,_we feel close to each other. 无论我们相距多远，都感觉近在咫尺。 四、地点和原因状语从句　 1．地点状语从句 地点状语从句可用where、 wherever、 anywhere、 everywhere等引导。地点状语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。 |名|师|点|津|　where既可引导定语从句，也可引导状语从句。引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词，where可替换成“介词＋which”；而状语从句前则无先行词。 2．原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有： because　　　　　　　　 因为 as 由于 since 既然 now that 既然 seeing that 由于；鉴于 in that 由于；在于 considering (that) 考虑到；鉴于 (1)because用来回答why的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。 (2)since和now that表示已知的理由或稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首。 (3)as引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude towards failure simply because they are incapable of succeeding. ②Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi where the bus had dropped her. ③The book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history. ④Now_that/Since_you_have_got_a_job,_you should learn to be independent of your parents. 既然你已找到了一份工作，你就应该学会独立不依靠父母。 ⑤We must camp where_we_can_get_water. 我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 五、目的和结果状语从句　 1．目的状语从句 (1)in order that与so that引导的目的状语从句： 两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，其引导的状语从句中谓语应用“could/should/might/would＋动词原形”。in order that比so that正式，其引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后；而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 (2)for fear that与in case引导的目的状语从句： for fear that表示“唯恐；生怕”；in case表示“以免，以防”。 2．结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有： so that　　　　　　　 以至于 so ...that ... 如此……以至于…… such ...that ... 如此……以至于…… so ...that ...与such ...that ...引导结果状语从句的结构形式为： 　|名|师|点|津| (1)在so ...that ...和such ...that ...结构中，当“so＋adj./adv.”或“such＋n.”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 (2)除结果状语从句外，too ...to ...、 ...enough to ...、 so ...as to ...、 such ...as to ...等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there. ②Such an honest person is he that you can turn to him when you are in trouble. ③Well－educated employees can undertake most common jobs easily, so/so_that the efficiency of the society is guaranteed. ④We should protect our environment from being polluted so that our next generation will enjoy a blue sky and live a healthy life. ⑤It was such_an_exciting_activity_that we all enjoyed ourselves very much.(such ...that ...) 这是一次如此激动人心的活动，我们都玩得非常愉快。 ⑥I'll speak slowly in_order_that/so_that_you_can_make_sense_of what I said. 我会说得慢一些以便让你听懂我说的话。 六、方式和比较状语从句　 1．方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有： as正如；按照　 　as if/as though似乎；好像 as if或as though引导的从句与事实相反时，通常用虚拟语气：与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，从句谓语用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。从句内容与事实相符或可能成为事实时，则用陈述语气。 2．比较状语从句 比较状语从句一般位于句尾，常用as ...as、 not as/so ...as及“比较级＋than”引导。 |名|师|点|津|　what引导的比较状语从句的句式：A is to B what C is to D．“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if/though he had done something very clever. ②Look at the clouds! It_looks_as_if/though it is going to rain. 看那些云！看起来好像要下雨了。 ③Air is to us what_water_is_to_fish. 空气之于我们就如同水之于鱼一样(重要)。 ④The old lady treats the man as_if/though_he_were_her_own_son. 那个老太太对待那个男士就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。 应用中融通 Ⅰ.选词填空 because, unless, in order that, as if, even though, since 1．She stood at the door as_if she was waiting for someone. 2．American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world. 3．We have been to the factory twice since it was set up in 1992. 4．We will have a picnic tomorrow unless it rains or it's very cold. 5．Even_though I have many delicate feelings to share, who can I speak to? 6．The teacher underlined the words in_order_that the students might pay special attention to them. Ⅱ.用适当的连词完成下面语篇 ①When I put forward the suggestion that he go to work in the countryside, Li Ming promised to take it into account, just ②before he graduated from an agricultural university.Of course, it means living in the countryside for at least three years or more ③before he returns to the city.Li Ming studied hard at university.④Whenever he had time, he would go to the library to search for more information.I want him to work in the countryside ⑤because he can help rid people there of hunger by expanding the output of crop.⑥Since there may be little entertainment in the faraway area, I advise him to take his guitar with him ⑦so_that he can entertain himself sometimes.I also advise him to be modest ⑧when/while he is working with the farmers ⑨even_if/though he has more scientific knowledge than they do.⑩Though/Although/While he hasn't made any answer so far, I think he will follow my advice. 1．Among every generation there are those who are willing to bear the heavy burden of responsibility and devote themselves to working for the good of their country and people. 每一代人中都有一些人愿意承担沉重的责任，为了国家和人民的利益而奉献自己努力工作。 ★burden n．(义务、责任等的)重担，负担 |用|法|感|知| ·Only when we put down those unnecessary burdens can we go all the way. 只有放下那些无谓的负担，我们才能一路前行。 ·There will be many challenges ahead, but I have confidence that I'll take on/bear the burden. 尽管前面会有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。 [归纳点拨] (1)a burden on/to ...　 是……的负担 bear/take on/reduce/share the burden 承受/担负/减少/分担重担 (2)burden sb./oneself with sth. 装载某物；使某人负担某事 be burdened with ... 负重；为……所累 |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①I don't want to become a burden on/to my parents. ②Nowadays students are_burdened (burden) with heavy homework. ③He took a part－time job in summer holiday to burden himself with his school fees. (2)句式升级 ④He was burdened with endless paperwork, so he didn't have time to accompany his family.(过去分词作状语) →Burdened_with_endless_paperwork,_he_didn't_have_time_to_accompany_his_family. 2．Eventually he resigned his post in the UK and returned to China to work at Jilin University in Changchun. 最终他辞去了在英国的职务，回国后在长春吉林大学工作。 ★resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去 |用|法|感|知| ·He resigned from this company in order to take a more challenging job.他从这家公司辞职，目的是想找一份更具有挑战性的工作。 ·We should never resign ourselves to being defeated. 我们应该永远不甘心被打败。 [归纳点拨] resign one's post/position　 辞去职务 resign from ... 从……辞职 resign as ... 辞去作为……的职务 resign oneself to (doing) sth. 听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事 resign ...to ... 把……委托给…… |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①Mary resigned her pet dog to her neighbour while travelling abroad. ②I think you should resign from that stressful job — it's not worth your mental health. (2)完成句子 ③In order to look after her sick mother, my friend decided to resign_her_post/position_as_manager_of_the_company. 为了照顾她生病的母亲，我的朋友决定辞去公司经理的职务。 ④The team refused to resign_themselves_to_defeat/being_defeated. 该队不甘失败。 3．I was so ashamed of myself. 我为自己感到如此羞愧。 ★ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 |用|法|感|知| ·(“心理描写”佳句)I felt so ashamed that I could feel my face burning. 我感到非常羞愧，觉得脸上滚烫。 ·In class, students should not be ashamed of asking the teacher questions. 在课堂上，学生们不应该耻于向老师问问题。 ·(“神情描写”佳句)Tony hung his head in/with shame and murmured, “If only I hadn't taken the wallet！” 托尼羞愧地低下头，喃喃地说：“要是我没拿那个钱包就好了！” 归纳点拨 (1)be/feel ashamed of　　因……感到惭愧 be ashamed to do sth. 不好意思做某事 (2)shame n．羞耻；羞愧；让人遗憾的事 vt. 使羞愧(或惭愧) in/with shame 羞愧地 It's a shame that ... ……真让人遗憾 What a shame/pity! 真可惜！ to one's shame 令某人感到羞耻的是 联想发散 “be＋adj.＋of”结构的短语：be afraid of “害怕”；be proud of “为……感到自豪”；be full of “充满”；be free of “免于……”；be short of“缺乏”等。 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①I felt much ashamed (shame) to have made such a stupid mistake once again in my work. ②It's a shame that many students don't have self－discipline when they learn on the Internet. ③I was once ashamed to_admit (admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling. ④To_my_shame,_I did not live up to her expectations. 使我惭愧的是，我辜负了她的期望。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $