Unit 2 Section Ⅴ “Extended reading”的课文习读环节 课时检测-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册配套练习word（译林版）

Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节 [课时检测]　　　　　　　　　(标语篇配有教师讲评课件) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Learning to say “yes, and” When I first heard about the improvisation (即兴交流) class, I was hesitating.As a quiet and shy girl, I feared improvising in front of strangers.However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my PhD, so it seemed like a perfect chance to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively.I signed up, knowing the experience would give me help. During our first class, we learned an important concept of improvisation: “yes, and.” It means that, as improvisers, we'd better accept what fellow performers say.If someone says that rhinos (犀牛) are librarians, for example, then rhinos are librarians.We do not question the logic; we say “yes” and then continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong. The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable and even started to enjoy our classes.I became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment.Once when I was giving a presentation about my science, an audience member surprised me with a question that didn't grow out of the information I'd presented.Instead of getting confused and nervous, I took the “yes, and” approach — accepting the question and letting my mind focus on why it was asked.That helped me find an appropriate answer.I got pretty excited about it. The benefits of improvisation go beyond communication.Before attending the class, I would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake.But now, instead of getting discouraged, I will stay open to the possibility that the results are real, keep exploring the data and end up identifying a new type of cell — one that isn't behaving as expected. I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson.If the data say rhinos are librarians, then it's worth finding out whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians.As scientists, our job isn't to challenge data that support a preconceived story, but to say “yes, and”． 语篇解读：：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过上即兴交流课，学会了“yes, and”的方法，让自己更善于倾听，并给自己的科学研究带来了好处。 1．Why did the author attend the improvisation class? A．To get a different experience. B．To finish her PhD at university. C．To give up her job as a science communicator. D．To improve her speaking and communicating ability. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，因为作者打算完成博士学位后成为一名科学交流者，因此作者参加即兴交流课是为了提高她的交谈和沟通能力。 2．What was the author's change after attending the improvisation class? A．She formed her own idea quickly. B．She came up with lots of creative responses. C．She paid more attention to the logic of answers. D．She became a good listener before giving an opinion. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The first few scenes ...and communicating clearly in the moment.”可知，作者参加即兴交流课后的变化是：在发表意见之前，她成了一个很好的倾听者。 3．Why does the author mention applying the “yes, and” approach to her scientific experiments? A．To explain the process of using the method. B．To prove the benefits of the improvisation class. C．To share her own research experiences with readers. D．To attract fellow scientists to attend the improvisation class. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Before attending the class ...one that isn't behaving as expected.”和最后一段中“I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson.”可知，作者提到在她的科学实验中运用“yes, and”的方法是为了证明即兴交流课的好处。 4．What can be inferred about scientists from the last paragraph? A．They should attend the improvisation class. B．They should question all preconceived ideas. C．They should carry on research by admitting earlier data. D．They should try to improve their academic knowledge. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If the data say ...but to say ‘yes, and.’”可知，作者认为面对之前的科学数据，我们的工作并不是去挑战它，而是要接受它，并继续研究，探索真伪。 B The system of communication which relies on the verbal or non－verbal codes, used in transferring (转移的) information, is called “language”. A language is a tool of communication, while communication is the process of transferring message to one another. Language focuses on the signs, symbols and words. Communication lays emphasis (强调) on the message. Before the invention of written words, language was limited to the auditory (听觉的) channels. The basics of communication do not change at all. However, daily new words are added to the dictionary of the language, so it changes every day. Is communication wider than language? So with the above explanation, it is quite clear that communication has a wider scope than language, as the former covers the latter. Language is the essence (本质) of communication, without which, it cannot exist. What are language barriers (障碍) in communication? Language barriers are the most common communication barriers which cause misunderstandings and misinterpretations between people. Most of the people in the world do not speak English or, even if they use, it is their second or third language. If the speaker and receiver do not use the same language and words, there is no meaning to the communication. Why is language needed for communication? Language is needed for any kind of communication, and even people with speech impairments communicate with sign language. Communication becomes difficult in situations where people don't understand each other's language. The inability to communicate using a language is known as the language barrier to communication. 语篇解读：：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了沟通和语言的区别。 5．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text? A．Language is the only way to communicate with people. B．People send messages to communicate with others. C．Language didn't appear until the invention of written words. D．Language changes every day with the added new words. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, daily new words are added to the dictionary of the language, so it changes every day.”可知，随着新词的增加，语言每天都在变化。 6．What can be done to avoid language barriers according to the author? A．Speaking English. B．Speaking the second language. C．Speaking the same language. D．Using body language. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据What are language barriers in communication？部分中的“If the speaker and receiver do not use the same language and words, there is no meaning to the communication.”可知，作者认为说同一种语言可以避免语言障碍。 7．What does the underlined word “impairments” in the last paragraph mean? A．Methods.　　　　　　 B．Functions. C．Disabilities. D．Skills. 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“communicate with sign language”可知，只有没有说话能力的人会用手语交流，所以画线词意为“缺陷，残疾”。 8．What is the best title of the text? A．Communication is superior to language B．There are differences between communication and language C．All the languages can be written and spoken in the world D．Language has a wider scope than communication 解析：选B　标题归纳题。根据全文内容特别是第一段可知，文章主要介绍了沟通和语言的区别。故B项“沟通和语言是有区别的”适合作本文的标题。 C() Robots can deliver food on a college campus and get a hole in one on the golf course, but even the most advanced robot can't perform basic social interactions that are critical to everyday human life. MIT researchers have now incorporated certain social interactions into the framework of robotics, enabling machines to understand what it means to help or hinder (阻碍) one another, and to learn to perform these social behaviors on their own.In a simulated environment, a robot watches its companion, guesses what task it wants to accomplish, and then helps or hinders the other robot based on its own goals.The researchers also showed that their model creates realistic and predictable social interactions.When they showed videos of these robots interacting with one another to humans, the human viewers mostly agreed with the model about what type of social behavior was occurring. Enabling robots to exhibit social skills could lead to smoother and more positive human－robot interactions.For instance, a robot in an assisted living facility could use these capabilities to help create a more caring environment for elderly individuals.The new model may also enable scientists to measure social interactions quantitatively (数量上), which could help psychologists study autism (孤独症) or analyze the effects of antidepressants (抗抑郁药)． “Robots will live in our world soon enough and they really need to learn how to communicate with us in human terms.They need to understand when it is time for them to help and when it is time for them to see what they can do to prevent something from happening.This is very early work and we are barely scratching the surface, but I feel like this is the first very serious attempt at understanding what it means for humans and machines to interact socially，” says Boris Katz, principal research scientist. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员正在开发机器人的社交能力，使机器人能和人类更好地交流。 9．What can robots in use do at present? A．Talk with humans freely. B．Measure social interactions. C．Perform basic social skills. D．Finish basic tasks. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，目前使用中的机器人可以执行很多基本的任务，如运送食物、在高尔夫球场上一杆进洞等。 10．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The examples of robots using social skills. B．The ways of developing robots' social skills. C．The significance of developing robots' social skills. D．The application of robots which have social skills. 解析：选C　段落大意题。 根据第三段首句“Enabling robots to exhibit social skills could lead to smoother and more positive human－robot interactions.”可知，本段主要介绍了开发机器人的社交能力的重要意义。 11．What does Boris think of the research of robots' social skills? A．Challenging but promising. B．Shallow and time－consuming. C．Successful but old－fashioned. D．Urgent and costly. 解析：选A　观点态度题。根据最后一段Boris所说的话，特别是“This is very early work ...what it means for humans and machines to interact socially”可知，Boris认为这项研究虽有挑战性，但未来可期。 12．What can be the best title for the text? A．Future Robots on Campus B．Giving Robots Social Skills C．New Research about Robots D．Linking Robots with Humans 解析：选B　标题归纳题。本文首先介绍了目前即便是最先进的机器人也不能进行基本的社交互动，然后介绍了研究人员开始研究、开发机器人社交能力的过程及意义等。故B项适合作本文标题。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Brief and pleasant small talk can promote learning, expand your horizons, and contribute to a sense of belonging.__13__ We asked experts to share their favorite strategies for getting better at small talk. Take advantage of “free information”． Find help from your surroundings, says Debra Fine, an expert on communication skills.If you're standing next to someone at a baby shower, for example, the fact that you're both there is what she calls “free information” — so ask the person how they know the mum－to－be.__14__ Skip sensitive questions. Get rid of controversial topics and potentially sensitive matters (such as religion, relationship status, kids and work)．__15__ You might ask a high school senior to fill you in on their college search, for example, rather than inquiring if they will get into a famous college. Respond generously. Think of conversation as a game and aim to be an active player, which requires investing energy in it.If someone asks how you are and you simply respond“Good”， you're being a “lazy conversationalist”．__16__ That gives the person you're talking to plenty to work with if they'd like to continue to chat. __17__ Some conversations may drag on because people can't figure out how to end them.Consider introducing the person to someone else, suggests Diane Windingland, and leaving time for them to know each other.Besides, Windingland recommends concluding like this：“Please excuse me, I have to talk to so－and－so.” A．Exit the chat gracefully. B．Don't spend too long on meaningless topics. C．You can maximize these benefits by mastering some techniques. D．Rather than a single－word response, offer a full sentence in return. E．Your shared reality is a terrific entry point for deeper conversation. F．Instead, questions like“What keeps you busy outside of work？” are suggested. G．One key to changing that is to first accept that these casual chats are impossible to avoid. 语篇解读：：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何顺利开展简短而愉快的闲聊提供了一些方法和策略。 13．选C　空前提到了简短而愉快的闲聊能给人们带来好处，下文提到了开展这种闲聊的方法。因此空处应与闲聊的好处以及开展闲聊的方法相关，故C项承上启下，符合语境。C项中的“these benefits”与空前的“promote learning ...and contribute to a sense of belonging”相照应，“some techniques”与空后的“strategies”相照应。 14．选E　空前主要提到如果你在迎婴派对上站在某人旁边，你们都在场的事实就是她所说的“免费信息”，要学会利用这种信息开展闲聊。因此空处应和利用两人的共同点开展闲聊有关。故E项承接上文，符合语境。E项中的“Your shared reality”和上文中提到的“the fact that you're both there”相呼应；后半部分中的“for deeper conversation”也与进一步开展闲聊相关。 15．选F　空前提到避开有争议的话题和潜在的敏感问题，空后举例说明了进行闲聊时应该怎么询问。F项提到了应该询问的问题，承上启下，符合语境。 16．选D　空前提到如果有人问你过得怎么样，而你只是简单地回答“很好”，那你就是一个“懒于交谈的人”。空后指出如果对方愿意继续聊天，这就给了你们足够的聊天空间。故D项承上启下，符合语境。D项中的“Rather than a single－word response”与空前内容相照应，“offer a full sentence in return”与空后内容衔接。 17．选A　根据下文内容可知，该段主要讲述了如何结束一场闲聊，故A项“优雅地退出闲聊”与下文内容联系紧密，且A项语言简练，符合段落小标题的特征。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $