Unit 4 Section Ⅱ “Reading”的新知学习环节-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册教师用书word（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语“Reading”新知学习，构建从基础词汇（知义、写形）到活用、构词、高级词块的递进学习支架，结合threaten、urge等重点词汇的用法解析，融入熟词生义拓展，辅以with复合结构、while句式的结构分析与仿写，最终通过课文缩写语法填空实现知识巩固。 该资料以分层词汇教学和情境化句式应用为特色，通过“用法感知-归纳点拨-应用融会”提升语言能力，借助熟词生义辨析和句式仿写培养思维品质，语法填空设计助力学习能力发展。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后便于学生自主复习，有效弥补知识盲点。

Section Ⅱ　“Reading”的新知学习环节 一、阅读单词——知其义 1. 2. 3．coin the term “artificial intelligence” 创造“人工智能”这个术语 4．fall victim to AI 沦为AI的受害者 5．car theft 偷盗汽车 二、重点单词——写其形 1．achieve a breakthrough　 取得突破性进展 2. 3．fight crimes 打击犯罪 4．greedy and selfish 贪婪又自私 5. 三、活用单词——悉其变 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 四、拓展构词——明其规(依据规律串记单词) 1．financial：“n.＋-ial”→adj.　 ①commerce→commercial 　　　 商业的 ②industry→industrial 工业的 ③editor→editorial 编辑的 2．urgently：“adj.＋-ly”→adv.　 ①different→differently　　　　 不同地 ②similar→similarly 相似地 ③real→really 真地 ④complete→completely 完全地 五、高级词块——通其用 1．(build)_castles_in_the_air　 (建)空中楼阁，幻想，空想 2．come_true 实现 3．put_forward 提出(计划、建议) 4．to_name_but_a_few 略举几例 5．in_short 简而言之；总之 6．get_close_to 接近；靠近 7．fall_victim_to 受伤，受损，被害 8．come_into_use 开始使用 9．in_theory 理论上；从理论上来说 10．break_into 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑、唱等)； 顺利打入 11．face_the_consequences 承担后果；自食其果 1．Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten the existence of humans? 能够思考的机器是会与人类并肩工作，还是会威胁人类的生存？ ★threaten vt.危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓 |用|法|感|知| •(“环境保护”主题佳句)People's activities have a great impact on ecology, which threatens the survival of some wild animals.　人们的活动对生态环境产生了巨大影响，威胁到一些野生动物的生存。 •(“倡议”类佳句)Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.　只有学会与自然和睦共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。 [归纳点拨] (1)threaten sb.with ...　 用……威胁某人 threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事 threaten that ... 威胁…… (2)threat n. 构成威胁的人(或事物)；威胁，恐吓；凶兆 a threat to ... 对……的威胁 a threat of/from ... ……的威胁 (3)threatening adj. 恐吓的；威胁的 threatened adj. 受到威胁的；感到危险的　 |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①He was threatened with dismissal if he continued to turn up late for work. ②Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment. ③David threatened to_report (report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. ④Being out of work is threatening.But the threat can urge the workers to work harder.(threat) (2)替换加黑词汇 ⑤This poses a danger to agriculture and the food chain, and consequently to human health.threat 2．As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. 随着我们对电脑的依赖越来越深，一些科学家正敦促我们思考AI的进步所带来的危险。 ★urge vt.敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策 n．冲动，强烈的欲望 |用|法|感|知| •My mother always urges me to do my homework as quickly as possible. 我妈妈总是催促我尽快做作业。 •(“心理描写”佳句)Looking at all the accusing faces, she felt a sudden urge to run away. 看着一张张脸上那责备的神情，她突然想赶快溜走。 [归纳点拨] (1)urge sb.to do sth./into doing sth. 催促某人做某事 urge/it is urged that ...(should) do sth. 极力主张……做某事 (2)feel/have an urge to do sth. 　 渴望做某事 (3)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的；紧迫的 in urgent need of 急需 urgency n. 紧急；迫切 (1)单句语法填空 ①Because of all this extra time, there was no sense of urgency (urge) to do my school work immediately. ②The people in the earthquake-stricken area are in urgent (urge) need of food, medicine and shelters. ③Parents should actively urge their children to_join (join) sports teams. ④It is strongly urged by students that the library (should)_be_kept (keep) open during the weekend. (2)一句多译 我们鼓励所有的学生参加冬季长跑活动。 ⑤We_urge_all_the_students_to_participate_in the winter long-distance running activity. ⑥We_urge_that_all_the_students_should_participate_in the winter long-distance running activity. 3．Apparently, such warnings demand our attention. 显然，这样的警告需要得到我们的重视。 ★warning n．警告，先兆；警戒 |用|法|感|知| •“Look before you leap” is a warning against people acting rashly. “三思而后行”这句谚语是对鲁莽行事的人的告诫。 •We were warned to watch out for electricity and gas when cooking our meals. 我们被告诫做饭时要小心用电和煤气。 [归纳点拨] (1)without warning　 　 毫无征兆地 (2)warn vt. 警告；告诫；预告；提醒 warn sb.of/about sth. 警告/提醒某人注意某事 warn sb.against sb./sth. 告诫某人提防某人/某事 warn sb.(not) to do sth. 提醒某人(不)要做某事 warn sb.against doing sth. 　 提醒某人不做某事　　 |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①The path to the top of the mountain was covered with thirty feet of snow, so climbers could fall without warning (warn)． ②In our daily routine our teacher often warns us of the possible problems we might run into. (2)一句多译 那位教授警告这些学生在他的课上不要使用手机。 ③The professor warned_the_students_not_to_use mobile phones in his class. ④The professor warned_the_students_against_using mobile phones in his class. ★demand vt.需要；强烈要求 n．要求，所需之物；需求，需要 |用|法|感|知| •(“情绪描写”佳句)He was fuming with rage and demanded of us to tell him what on earth happened. 他气得大发雷霆，要求我们告诉他究竟发生了什么事。 •(“通知”类佳句)We demand that all members should take training on a daily basis, more exactly, from 3 p．m. to 5 p．m. every day. 我们要求所有成员每天接受培训，更确切地说，每天下午3点到5点。 •The manager promised that they would try to meet/satisfy their customers' demands. 经理许诺他们会尽力满足顾客的需求。 归纳点拨 (1)demand sth.of sb.　　　　向某人要求某物 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 demand of sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事 demand that sb.(should) do sth.要求某人做某事 (2)in demand 需求；受欢迎 meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求 (3)demanding adj.苛求的；要求高的；费力的 名师点津 (1)demand的主语是物时，常用demand doing或demand to be done结构。类似用法的词还有：require、 need、 deserve等。 (2)“要求某人做……”不可用demand sb.to do ...，但可用demand of sb.to do ...。 (3)demand后接宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，从句的谓语动词用“(should) do”。类似用法的单词有：一坚持(insist)；二命令(order、 command)；三建议(advise、 suggest、 recommend)；四要求(require、 request、 demand、 desire)。 |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①First, science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China. ②My father came downstairs and demanded to_know (know) what was going on. ③You'd better get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding (demand) customers. (2)一句多译 老师要求学生们准时到校。 ④The teacher demands_that_the_students_(should)_arrive_at_school on time.(demand that ...) ⑤The teacher demands_of_the_students_to_arrive_at_school on time.(demand of sb.to do sth.) 4．It offers a quick and cool alternative to traditional passwords, and you cannot forget your own face! 它为传统密码提供了一种快速绝妙的替代品，并且你不会忘记自己的脸！ ★alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 |用|法|感|知| •In addition, the Internet also provides us with a cheap and convenient alternative to communicating with others.　 此外，互联网也提供了一种便宜又方便的方式让我们与他人交流。 •(写作增分句)Failure is the mother of success.Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it. 失败乃成功之母。有时候，为了成功，我们除了勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训外别无选择。 •The agency will make travel arrangements for you.Alternatively, you can organize your own transport. 旅行社将为你安排旅行，或者你也可以自己安排交通工具。 归纳点拨 (1)an alternative to　……的替代物(to是介词) have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择 (2)alternatively adv.(引出第二种选择或可能的建议)要不，或者 联想发散 “别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式： ①can't do sth.but do sth. ②can do nothing but do sth. ③have no choice but to do sth. ④can't choose but do sth. |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①If we expect people to give up the bad habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. ②If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own. (2)句型转换 ③In view of the bad weather they cannot choose but put the meeting off. →In view of the bad weather they had_no_alternative/choice_but_to_put the meeting off. 5．...as there are cases in which hackers have broken into facial recognition systems by using people's social media photos to build models of their faces. ……因为已有黑客利用人们社交媒体上的照片来制作脸部模型以侵入脸部识别系统的案例发生。 ★break into强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑、唱等)；顺利打入 |用|法|感|知| •The police found that the flat had been broken into and a lot of things had disappeared. 警察发现公寓被人破门而入，很多东西不见了。 •(“动作描写”佳句)My bike broke down halfway yesterday and I fell off it, making my left foot injured.　昨天我的自行车半路出了故障，我从上面摔了下来，使得左脚受伤了。 归纳点拨 break away from　脱离；挣脱 break down　瓦解，分解；出故障；(身体)垮掉 break in 打断(谈话)；突然闯入 break out (战争、火灾等)突然爆发，发生 break through 　取得突破；克服 break up 打碎；拆散；分解；结束；分手；放假 名师点津 break in和break into都表示“闯入”，但二者用法不同。前者不跟宾语，不用于被动语态；后者可以接宾语，可用于被动语态。 |应|用|融|会| (介、副词填空) ①Close the door and windows carefully to prevent thieves breaking into your house. ②The car broke down and we had to get somebody to give us a tow (拖车)． ③I'm sorry to break in on your private thought, but I think we should get on with some work. ④Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer. 语言建构与运用|熟词生义 (教材P47－B2内容的归纳拓展) 一个英语单词可能会有多个含义，在特定语言环境中的含义常由语境决定。通过分析句子中的语义线索，可以更好地理解该单词的含义，特别是一些熟词生义。比如coin原义为“硬币”，但是在“the term ‘artificial intelligence’ was coined”中意为“创造(新词语)”。常见的熟词生义还有： 单词 常见义 生僻义 act 行动 vi.起作用 adapt 适应 vt.修改；改编或改写(稿本) address 地址；写地址 vt.称呼；向……发表演说 admit 承认 vt.允许进入；容纳 appeal 恳求；呼吁 v.(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣 head 头 v.动身去 hit 打击 n.风行一时的流行歌曲(或唱片) hold 握；拿；举行 v.容纳；持有(某种观点) narrow 狭窄的 adj.勉强的；很险的 observe 观察 v.遵循 pack 包装 v.挤满；塞满 1．With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking and learning from their mistakes, we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines. 有了阿尔法围棋这种能够思考并从自身错误中学习的机器，我们正在向人类与机器的界限越靠越近。 “With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking and learning from their mistakes”是with复合结构作状语，句中形容词短语“capable of thinking and learning from their mistakes”作宾语补足语，说明宾语machines所处的状态。with复合结构除了在句中作状语外，还可以作定语。with复合结构的常见构成有： (1)with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作) (2)with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行) (3)with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成) (4)with＋宾语＋介词短语/副词(短语)/形容词(短语) “两层级”学通用活句式 (1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构 ①Since she is to go with us, we're sure to have a pleasant journey. →With_her_to_go_with_us,_we're sure to have a pleasant journey. ②There are several problems remaining to be solved, so we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible. →With_several_problems_remaining_to_be_solved,_we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible. (2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用 ③公园里充满了春天的清新和美丽，阳光明媚，鸟儿歌唱。 The park was full of freshness and beauty of spring, with_the_sun_shining and birds singing. ④随着地球日的临近，学校里张贴了许多海报，号召我们为一个更加绿色的地球采取行动。 With_the_Earth_Day_approaching,_a lot of posters were put up in our school to call on us to take action for a greener earth. ⑤(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)他面带着微笑告诉我，他为我的出色表现而自豪。 With_a_smile_on_his_face,_he told me that he was proud of my wonderful performance. 2．While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantage, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears. AI的热烈支持者向我们承诺未来会是美好的，到那时智能机器人将为人类谋利；但这些毋庸置疑的好处也带来了忧虑和恐惧。 本句中while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。while的常见用法有： (1)while用作并列连词，表示前后分句的对比或转折，意为“然而；可是”； (2)while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”； (3)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然”，此时只用于句首； (4)while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”。 注意：while还可用作名词，意为“(一段)时间”。 “两层级”学通用活句式 (1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构 ①The Internet is of great help to us.But I don't think it is a good idea to spend too much time on it. →While_the_Internet_is_of_great_help_to_us,_I don't think it is a good idea to spend too much time on it. ②Every day we have the choice of building a fence or a bridge.One leads to separation and anger.The other leads to openness and friendship. →Every day we have the choice of building a fence or a bridge.One leads to separation and anger while_the_other_leads_to_openness_and_friendship. (2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用 ③请帮我个忙，在我打电话的时候把收音机的音量调小些。 Do me a favour and turn the radio down while_I'm_on_the_phone. ④一些人喜欢做不同的运动，然而另一些人只喜欢观看。 Some people enjoy playing different sports while_others_just_enjoy_watching_them. ⑤只要我们紧密地团结起来，就一定能克服这些困难。 We can surely overcome these difficulties while_we_are_closely_united. ⑥(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)虽然我认为和别人一起练习口语是个好主意，但我对随机分组有些担忧。 While_I_think_it's_a_good_idea_to_practice speaking with someone, I have some concerns about the random pairing. 课文缩写语法填空 根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As a branch of computer science, artificial intelligence (AI) aims ①to_develop (develop) intelligent machines.To achieve this aim, many approaches to ②creating (create) true AI have been put forward.Although AI technology developed very slowly for a long time, a major breakthrough in AI came in 1997, ③when Deep Blue beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov.Twenty years later, a computer program ④named (name) AlphaGo defeated Ke Jie, which demonstrated a significant advance in deep-learning AI systems.Nowadays, AI ⑤is_being_applied (apply) in many fields: finance, health care, machine translation and art, to name but ⑥a few.In short, this technology is transforming the way we live.While AI enthusiasts promise intelligent robots ⑦will_be_working (work) to our advantage, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears.As we become more and more ⑧dependent (depend) on computers, ⑨warnings (warn) of the dangers posed by the advances in AI demand our attention.We need to be careful what we wish for and make sure we will not fall victim ⑩to AI! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $