精品解析：河南鹤壁市高中2026届上学期规范化考试英语试卷（二）（平行B卷）

鹤壁市高中2026届上学期规范化考试英语试卷（二） （平行B卷） 第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共11小题；每小题2. 5分，满分27. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A What makes sharks unique also makes them vulnerable (脆弱的). Fortunately, many conservation organizations are committed to rescuing and protecting these vulnerable creatures: · PADI AWARE Foundation — The world’s largest diver training organization, PADI officially launched its global conservation charity in 1992 to promote cleaner and healthier oceans. One of its goals is to reduce the amount of sharks and rays threatened with extinction by 25%. Data collected from its new Global Shark & Ray Census will help with ongoing and future efforts to protect vulnerable species. · Shark Advocates International — Founded by veteran shark advocate Sonja Fordham, Shark Advocates International is a project of The Ocean Foundation. The non-profit promotes science-based shark conservation policies such as fishing limits, species-specific protections, and finning (鱼翅业) bans at the local, national, and international level. ·WildAid — Known for its high-profile media campaigns, WildAid fights the global illegal wildlife trade by changing consumers’ attitudes through awareness of the multi-billion dollar industry. Its anti-shark fin campaign in China featuring NBA legend Yao Ming has been especially successful, seeing an 80% drop in shark fin consumption in the country. Through its WildAid Marine Programme, the non-profit also helps protect sharks around the world, including the Galápagos Marine Reserve, home to the densest (密集的) shark population on Earth. · WWF — With five million supporters, projects in nearly 100 countries, and one iconic (标志性的) panda logo, the World Wildlife Fund is one of the largest and most well-known conservation organizations on the planet. WWF has partnered with the international wildlife trade monitoring non-profit TRAFFIC for a joint shark conservation programme with local projects all over the world. 1. What is a goal of PADI AWARE Foundation? A. To reduce the amount of rays. B. To end the danger threatening sharks. C. To protect endangered sharks. D. To collect data from Shark & Ray Census. 2. What does WildAid succeed in doing? A. Reducing shark fin consumption. B. Promoting NBA legend Yao Ming. C. Changing consumers’ attitudes towards life. D. Seeing an 80% drop in shark fin production. 3. Which organization probably has the widest reach in the world? A. WildAid. B. WWF. C. Shark Advocates International. D. PADI AWARE Foundation. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个致力于拯救和保护脆弱的鲨鱼的组织。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据PADI AWARE Foundation部分中“One of its goals is to reduce the amount of sharks and rays threatened with extinction by 25%. (其目标之一是将濒临灭绝的鲨鱼和鳐鱼数量减少25%)”可知，该基金会的一个目标是保护濒临灭绝的鲨鱼。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据WildAid部分中“Its anti-shark fin campaign in China featuring NBA legend Yao Ming has been especially successful, seeing an 80% drop in shark fin consumption in the country. (该组织在中国发起的以NBA传奇姚明为主角的反鱼翅运动尤其成功，中国的鱼翅消费量下降了80%)”可知，野生救援组织成功地减少了鲨鱼鱼翅的消费。故选A项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据WWF部分中“With five million supporters, projects in nearly 100 countries, and one iconic (标志性的) panda logo, the World Wildlife Fund is one of the largest and most well-known conservation organizations on the planet. (世界自然基金会拥有500万支持者，在近100个国家开展项目，并有一个标志性的熊猫标志，是地球上最大、最知名的保护组织之一)”可推知，在这四个组织中，世界自然基金会可能是世界上覆盖范围最广的。故选B项。 B In 1991, Keith White was at the centre of a 14-vehicle pile-up when a truck crossed the central reservation and hit the van in which he was a passenger. White survived, but his left arm was crushed beyond repair, and he lost his memory for two years. His pilot license was removed and he could no longer follow his passion for diving. But he had been sailing since he was 16, and so, in 2004, he decided to buy a boat, fitting it out so he could sail it single-handedly. “I didn’t know at that point if I could sail with one hand,” he says. “But at the back of my mind I had always thought I could do anything if I put my mind to it.” Within a year, White had taken on the challenge of being the first one-armed sailor to circumnavigate (环航) the British Isles. Then he crossed the Atlantic alone in 2008. Last year he became the first sailor with a disability to circumnavigate the globe. Sailing single-handed for weeks requires mental, as well as physical, strength, especially when you are alone. So how does he do it? It’s a question that makes the yachtsman (帆船运动员) laugh. “When you have seven children it’s lovely to have a little time on your own! It’s awesome,” he jokes. “I do a log every hour, and my diary, and I read a few books. I have very little sleep.” “I’m a sociable person: I do like lots of people around. Answering emails and chatting over Facebook can help stop any loneliness,” he adds. When White made his first Atlantic crossing, he was disappointed to have his peace and quiet broken by his arrival on land. But, he says, he threw himself into meeting new people. In between adventures, he likes sailing with people who haven’t tried it before or get involved in yacht races with friends. Perhaps the main reason for his success in adjusting to life after a big adventure, he says, is that he always has an idea for a new one in his back pocket. “It keeps me ticking over — there’s always something new to do. I just like challenges and one leads to another.” 4. Why couldn’t White continue his passion for diving? A. He lost his left arm. B. His license was due. C. He had a new hobby. D. His memory was poor. 5. How did White spend his time at sea? A. By staying awake. B. By visiting old friends. C. By keeping himself busy. D. By attending his children. 6. What mainly leads to White’s successful adjustment to life after a big adventure? A. Socializing with new people. B. Scheduling new adventures. C. Coaching new yachtsmen. D. Organizing yacht races. 7. Which of the following best describes Keith White? A. Creative. B. Humorous. C. Easy-going. D. Adventurous. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Keith White身残志坚的励志故事，由于一次意外，他失去了左臂并且失去了两年的记忆，但是最后他决定去航行，获得了成功。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章第一段“White survived, but his left arm was crushed beyond repair, and he lost his memory for two years.(White活了下来，但他的左臂被压得无法修复，他失去了两年的记忆)”可推知，White不能继续跳水是因为他失去了左臂。故选A项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章第四段White 的话“I do a log every hour, and my diary, and I read a few books. I have very little sleep.(我每小时做一次日志，写日记，读几本书。)”可推知，White通过让自己忙碌的方式度过在海上的时光。故选C项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“Perhaps the main reason for his success in adjusting to life after a big adventure, he says, is that he always has an idea for a new one in his back pocket. “It keeps me ticking over — there’s always something new to do. I just like challenges and one leads to another.”(他说，在经历了一场大冒险后，他之所以能成功适应生活，主要原因可能是他总能想出一个新点子。“它让我不停地工作——总是有新的事情要做。我只是喜欢挑战，一个接一个。”)”可知，计划新的冒险活动导致怀特在经历了一次大冒险后成功地适应了生活。故选B项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章最后一句“I just like challenges and one leads to another.(我只是喜欢挑战，一个接一个)”结合全文可知，Keith White是一个喜欢冒险的人。故选D项。 C If you live in a region where winter weather is a regular risk, you are likely used to pouring salt on your sidewalks. But how does it work? And how much salt do humans pour onto our planet’s surface? The second question is easier to answer: a lot. Salt doesn’t directly melt ice, nor does it make snow simply disappear. Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression. In the case of simple rock salt, which is a rawer, less pure version of table salt, each molecule (分子) splits into smaller elements. Normally, when water freezes into ice, its molecules line up to form a stable, orderly structure. Salt interrupts the process, however, and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur. But if salt needs to interact with liquid water, how does it do anything when temperatures are stubbornly below freezing, and water should already be in the form of ice? That’s where cars help clear their own way by creating friction and, in turn, heat. The friction allows for the ice that has already frozen to melt a little bit, making it unlikely to freeze. Beyond rock salt’s ability to clear icy streets, it can also be destructive. Chloride ions (氯离子) can cause wear and tear on vehicles and facilities. Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water. Many local governments are looking for alternatives to rock salt. Other salts such as magnesium chloride and calcium chloride work in the same way as rock salt and they’re perhaps even more efficient. Some experiments are testing other ice-preventing solutions, including those that contain sugars instead of or in addition to salts. Another approach relies more heavily on sand, which can mechanically make roads safer. All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather condition — a Herculean task when winter brings its worst. 8. What’s the purpose of the first sentence in Paragraph 2? A. To introduce the topic. B. To give some evidence. C. To define the phenomenon. D. To reveal the misconception. 9. How does salt work to disturb the process of freezing? A. By lowering the temperature. B. By melting and splitting itself. C. By lining up to form a solid structure. D. By stopping the formation of the structure. 10. What does the underlined word “densities” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Concentrations. B. Weights. C. Qualities. D. Salts. 11. What’s the last paragraph mainly talking about? A. Other salts won’t disturb local ecology. B. Efforts are being made to guarantee safe travels. C Many alternatives are available to solve the problem. D. Bitter winter make it impossible to secure road safety. 【答案】8. D 9. D 10. A 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们在冬天通过在路面撒盐来缓解雪后因道路结冰而造成的交通安全问题，并就此问题所带来的环境问题进行科普。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Salt doesn’t directly melt ice, nor does it make snow simply disappear.”（盐不会直接融化冰，也不会让雪消失。）以及第二句“Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression.”（相反，它使水更不容易冻结，这种现象被称为冰点降低。）可知，第二段第一句的目的是揭示一个错误认知，纠正盐直接使雪和冰融化的错误想法。故选D项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Normally, when water freezes into ice, its molecules line up to form a stable, orderly structure. Salt interrupts the process, however, and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur.”（正常情况下，当水结冰时，它的分子会排成一行，形成一个稳定有序的结构。然而，盐会打断这一过程，而温度必须降得更低，才能克服这种干扰，从而发生冻结。）可知，盐会干扰水分子在结冰时形成稳定、有序的结构。故选D项。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子“Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water.”（北美湖泊中氯化物densities的增加可能会扰乱当地生态，并使饮用水源退化。）可知，氯离子的浓度增加会是当地生态系统受到干扰，并使饮用水源退化。所以划线词的意思是“浓度”。故选A项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段，尤其是“All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather condition…”（所有这些试验都是为了确保人们在任何天气条件下都能出行。）可知，本段主要阐述地方政府正在努力确保冰雪天气人们出行安全。故选B项。 第二节(共5 小题； 每小题2.5分， 满分 12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Lake Baikal, the biggest body of fresh water on Earth near Russia’s border with Mongolia, is home to several unusual animals, including the world’s only species of freshwater seal. Seals exist in large quantities in Baikal, about 100,000 of them, though the lake is poor in nutrition.____12____. A study just published by Watanabe Yuuki of the National Institute of Polar Research in Tokyo suggests the answer is tiny organisms. Most seals eat fish. And Baikal seals do, indeed, have needle-pointed teeth. But in 1982 researchers noted that they develop a second sort of specialized tooth behind those canines. They have sharp teeth which look like combs.____13____But Dr Watanabe guessed that they might be an adaptation for feeding on other strange creatures in the lake. Seals arrived in Baikal 2 m years ago, from the Arctic Ocean. So too did some much smaller sea creatures, known as amphipods. These have grown into more than 340 species.____14____. But Dr Watanabe wondered if the Baikal seals’ comb-like teeth might enable them to filter these tiny creatures from the water in sufficient quantities to make them useful food sources.____15____. Records showed that the seals would dive in with their mouths open and collect amphipod groups that form at night. Dr Watanabe estimates that each seal catch an average of 57 amphipods per dive.____16____, for the seals do hunt fish as well. But they also compete with those fish for the amphipods, thus partially bypassing a link in the food chain and perhaps maintaining themselves in larger numbers than would otherwise be possible. A. The needlelike canines are necessary B. So how they do so well has been a puzzle C. This has led to their numbers increasing sharply D. At the time, nobody knew what to make of them E. He therefore used waterproof cameras to observe a few seals F. Cameras remained attached to some seals for between two and four days G. Sea mammals the size of seals would normally see amphipods as too small to hunt 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. G 15. E 16. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了东京国家极地研究所的Watanabe Yuuki刚刚发表的一项研究表明，贝加尔湖有大量的海豹，大约有10万只，尽管湖泊缺少营养物质，但是海豹通过捕食微生物来生存。 【12题详解】 根据上文“Seals exist in large quantities in Baikal, about 100,000 of them, though the lake is poor in nutrition.(贝加尔湖有大量的海豹，大约有10万只，尽管湖泊缺少营养物质)”以及后文“A study just published by Watanabe Yuuki of the National Institute of Polar Research in Tokyo suggests the answer is tiny organisms.(东京国家极地研究所的Watanabe Yuuki刚刚发表的一项研究表明，答案是微小的生物)”可知，本句是关于海豹在湖泊里生活很好的疑问。故B选项“所以他们怎么做得这么好一直是个谜”符合语境，故选B。 【13题详解】 根据上文“Most seals eat fish. And Baikal seals do, indeed, have needle-pointed teeth. But in 1982 researchers noted that they develop a second sort of specialized tooth behind those canines. They have sharp teeth which look like combs.(大多数海豹吃鱼。贝加尔湖海豹确实有尖尖的牙齿。但在1982年，研究人员注意到，在这些犬齿之后，它们长出了第二种特殊的牙齿。它们有锋利的牙齿，看起来像梳子)”以及后文“But Dr Watanabe guessed that they might be an adaptation for feeding on other strange creatures in the lake.(但渡边博士猜测，它们可能是为了捕食湖中其他奇怪生物而做出的一种适应)”可知，本段是关于像梳子的牙齿的疑问，后文对此进行了猜测。故D选项“当时，没有人知道是怎么回事”符合语境，故选D。 【14题详解】 根据上文“Seals arrived in Baikal 2 m years ago, from the Arctic Ocean. So too did some much smaller sea creatures, known as amphipods. These have grown into more than 340 species.(200万年前，海豹从北冰洋来到贝加尔湖。还有一些更小的海洋生物，也就是片脚类动物。它们已经成长为340多个物种)”可知，本句是针对上文提到的片脚类动物的说明，G选项中amphipods对应上文中amphipods。故G选项“海豹这样大小的海洋哺乳动物通常认为片脚类动物太小，不能捕猎”符合语境，故选G。 【15题详解】 根据上文“But Dr Watanabe wondered if the Baikal seals’ comb-like teeth might enable them to filter these tiny creatures from the water in sufficient quantities to make them useful food sources.(但是渡边博士想知道贝加尔湖海豹梳状的牙齿是否能使它们从水中过滤出足够数量的这些微小生物，使它们成为有用的食物来源)”可知，上文提到渡边博士想知道海豹梳状的牙齿是否能使它们从水中过滤出足够数量的这些微小生物，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明他的做法。故E选项“他因此使用防水相机观察一些海豹”符合语境，故选E。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Records showed that the seals would dive in with their mouths open and collect amphipod groups that form at night. Dr Watanabe estimates that each seal catch an average of 57 amphipods per dive.(记录显示，海豹会张着嘴潜入水中，收集夜间形成的片脚类动物群。渡边博士估计，每只海豹每次潜水平均捕获57只片脚类动物)”以及后文“for the seals do hunt fish as well(因为海豹也捕食鱼类)”可知，本句应是说明海豹为了捕食鱼类，身体上的一些构造，故A选项“针状犬齿是必要的”符合语境，故选A。 第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Bingley, a Sayre School student from America, decided that he would devote himself to studying the environment to have a broad influence on the community. To reduce the carbon footprint, Bingley planned to ____17____ enough solar energy to power the school's science labs. Now his plan is set to happen. To fix 30 solar panels is____18____for late November, As he began his research____19____ solar energy, he discovered a useful phone app. By entering an address, he could find out how much sunlight the____20____ receives each day. Based on the data, he found that his school building was the best position. At the suggestion of his science teacher, Debbie Wheeler, he first performed an energy____21____ of the science lab to see how much energy a typical lab uses per day. Then, he started his research, ____22____a local company of solar panels to do the job. He lacked money for starting the project, so he____23____ Sayre's head to support him after explaining the____24____of solar power for the school and community. Since Sayre provided the____25____ seed money to provide infrastructure and the purchase of one panel, the project has_____26_____ to include a total of 30 panels. They are expected to produce enough energy to_____27_____ all the science labs on campus. “It feels like a dream to think that an idea I had from my AP Environmental class would have this kind of_____28_____,” said Bingley, expressing gratitude for Wheeler's help. Wheeler said the success was due to Bingley's efforts and_____29_____ to follow through on the project from start to finish. “I've had other students talk about_____30_____ initiatives (倡议) on campus, but Bingley had the persistence and courage to make it happen," she said. Bingley said that he would_____31_____ like to study environmental engineering at university. 17. A. explore B. invest C. produce D. switch 18. A. defined B. identified C. output D. scheduled 19. A. beyond B. on C. with D. through 20. A. location B. destination C. transmission D. occasion 21. A. surplus B. allowance C. budget D. calculation 22. A. employing B. contacting C. protecting D. urging 23. A. convinced B. demanded C. refreshed D. submitted 24. A. causes B. plots C. benefits D. origins 25. A. initial B. flexible C. optional D. sustainable 26. A. accumulated B. grown C. rewarded D. sponsored 27. A. decorate B. furnish C. run D. equip 28. A. influence B. criterion C. experience D. management 29. A. caution B. fraternity C. inspiration D. willingness 30. A. cultural B. environmental C. practical D. theoretical 31. A. casually B. deliberately C. eventually D. gradually 【答案】17. C 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学生Bingley为了减少碳足迹，进行科学研究，在学校的资助下联系太阳能板公司安装太阳能给学校科学实验室提供能量。 【17题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了减少碳足迹，Bingley计划生产足够的太阳能来给学校的科学实验室提供能量。A. explore探索；B. invest投资；C. produce生产；D. switch转变。由下文“to power the school's science labs”(给学校的科学实验室提供能量)可知，空处是生产足够的太阳能，故选C。 【18题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：要固定30个太阳能板被安排在11月底。A. defined定义；B. identified辨认出；C. output输出；D. scheduled安排。由上文“his plan”(他的计划)可知，此处是表示计划，安排，故选D。 【19题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：当他开始关于太阳能的研究时，他发现了一个有用的手机应用软件。A. beyond超过；B. on关于；在......上；C. with和；随着；D. through通过。由上下文“research________ solar energy”可知，此处表示关于太阳能的研究，故选B。 【20题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过进入一个地址，他能发现这个地方一天能照到多少太阳。A. location位置；地点；B. destination目的地；C. transmission传递；发送；D. occasion场合。由上文“entering an address,”(进入一个地址)可知，空处表示地方，故选A。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他科学老师Debbie Wheeler的建议下，他第一次计算了科学实验室的能量来看一下一个典型的实验室每天能用多少太阳能。A. surplus剩余；B. allowance津贴；C. budget预算；D. calculation计算。由下文“to see how much energy a typical lab uses per day.”(来看一下一个典型的实验室每天能用多少太阳能)可知，为了看实验室要用多少能量，他是需要计算的，故选D。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他开始他的研究，他联系当地一个太阳能板公司来做这项工作。A. employing雇佣；B. contacting联系；C. protecting保护；D. urging力劝；催促。由下文“He lacked money for starting the project”(他缺钱来启动这个项目)可知，他没有钱启动项目，所以是联系太阳能板公司来做这项工作，故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他缺钱来启动这个项目，因此他解释了太阳能对于学校和社区有好处以此来说服Sayre的上司来支持他。A. convinced说服；使确信；B. demanded命令；要求；C. refreshed更新；使......恢复；D. submitted上交。由下文“Sayre's head to support him”(Sayre的上司来支持他)可知，他是说服Sayre的上司来支持他，故选A。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他缺钱来启动这个项目，因此他解释了太阳能对于学校和社区有好处以此来说服Sayre的上司来支持他。A. causes原因；B. plots情节；C. benefits好处；D. origins起源。由上下文“so he___7_____ Sayre's head to support him after explaining the___8___of solar power for the school and community.”可知，他通过解释太阳能对学校和社区的好处，以此来说服别人支持他，故选C。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自从Sayre提供给他第一笔种子基金来提供基础设施和购买一个太阳能板，这个项目已经扩大，总共包括30个太阳能板。A. initial最初的；B. flexible灵活的；C. optional选择的；D. sustainable持续的。由下文“seed money”(种子基金)可知，这是第一笔钱，故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从Sayre提供给他第一笔种子基金来提供基础设施和购买一个太阳能板，这个项目已经扩大，总共包括30个太阳能板。A. accumulated积累；B. grown成长；C. rewarded酬谢；奖赏；D. sponsored赞助。由下文“include a total of 30 panels”(总共包括30个太阳能板)可知，该项目已经扩大，故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们预计生产足够的能量来使学校的所有的实验室运行。A. decorate装饰；B. furnish提供；供应；C. run跑步；（使）运行；经营；管理；D. equip装备；配备。由上文“They are expected to produce enough energy ”(它们预计生产足够的能量)可知，太阳能板生产足够的能量，是要使学校实验室能够运行下去。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bingley表达了对Wheeler感谢，他说，我从AP环境课上想出的主意有这种影响，这就像一个梦。A. influence影响；B. criterion标准；C. experience经验；经历；D. management管理。由上文“produce enough energy to________ all the science labs on campus.”(生产足够的能量来学校的实验室。)可知，Bingley的主意产生了影响，故选A。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Wheeler说成功是由于Bingley在进行这项项目时，从始至终都是努力的且乐于坚持做这个项目。A. caution小心；谨慎；B. fraternity友爱；C. inspiration灵感；鼓舞；D. willingness乐意。由下文“to follow through on the project from start to finish.”(自始至终都坚持做这个项目。)可知，Bingley是乐意自始至终坚持做这个项目，故选D。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我已经让其他学生在校园谈论环境倡议，但是Bingley用坚持和勇气来使这件事发生。A. cultural文化的；B. environmental环境的；C. practical实际的；实用的；D. theoretical理论的。由第一段“he would devote himself to studying the environment to have a broad influence on the community”(他会致力于他自己来学习环境以此来对社区产生广泛影响。)可知，Bingley进行的项目是有关环境的，所以此处表示“环境倡议”，故选B。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Bingley说他最终会想要在大学学习环境工程。A. casually随便地；B. deliberately故意的；C. eventually最后；D. gradually逐渐。由上下文“he would________ like to study environmental engineering at university”(他想要在大学学习环境工程）可知，环境工程是他最终想要学习的，故选C。 第二节 在每题的空白处填入所给单词的正确形式并将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分） 32. The sailors steered the ship carefully to escape ________ (harm) by the powerful waves. (所给词适当形式填空) 【答案】being harmed 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和被动语态。句意：水手们小心驾驶船只，以免被巨浪伤害。escape后接动名词作宾语，即escape doing sth.；同时，the ship与harm是被动关系（船“被伤害”），因此要用动名词的被动形式being harmed。故填being harmed。 33. I was ________ (shock) at the news that I got my privacy leaked as a result of using my smartphone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】shocked 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：得知自己因使用智能手机导致隐私泄露的消息，我感到很震惊。此处需要形容词作表语，修饰主语I，表达“感到震惊的”状态，shocked为形容词，意为“（人）感到震惊的”。故填shocked。 34. In my opinion, the young man is equal ________ the job on account of his creativity. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】to 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：在我看来，这个年轻人因为他的创造力，能胜任这份工作。固定搭配be equal to表示“胜任；等于；和……相等”，此处to为介词，后接名词the job作宾语。故填to。 35. To my amazement, our first attempt ________ (develop) new software was a great success. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to develop 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：令我惊讶是，我们开发新软件的第一次尝试取得了巨大成功。名词attempt后常接不定式作后置定语，表示“做某事的尝试”。故填to develop。 36. These businessmen are anxious ________ (know) the detailed contents of the policy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to know 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些商人急于了解这项政策的详细内容。be anxious to do sth是固定用法，意为 “急于做某事”，to后面接动词原形，故填to know。 37. The police have had him under ________ (observe) for several weeks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】observation 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：警方已经对他监视了好几个星期。本空作介词under的宾语，用名词observation“观察，监视”。故填observation。 38. He didn’t do enough________ (prepare) for this exam and failed. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】preparation 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：他没有为这场考试做好准备并且没有及格。根据空格前的enough可知，空格处应填名词作宾语，do preparation for为固定短语，意为“为……做准备”。故填preparation。 39. Obviously, his ________ (survive) depends on his perseverance to a degree. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】survival 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：显然，他的生存在一定程度上取决于他的毅力。空前有形容词性物主代词his修饰，在句中作主语，应用名词形式survival，表示“生存”。故填survival。 40. We must take instant ________ (measure) to ensure the safety of the project. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】measures 【解析】 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：我们必须立即采取措施以确保项目的安全。固定短语take measures to do sth.意为“采取措施做某事”，measure在此处表示“措施”，为可数名词，应用复数形式measures。故填measures。 41. Many recommendations came up at the conference about wildlife ________ (protect). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】protection 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：会议上提出了许多关于野生动物保护的建议。protect是动词，意为“保护”；空处需用名词作介词about的宾语，protection为名词，意为“保护”；wildlife protection是固定搭配，意为“野生动物保护”。故填protection。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 鹤壁市高中2026届上学期规范化考试英语试卷（二） （平行B卷） 第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共11小题；每小题2. 5分，满分27. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A What makes sharks unique also makes them vulnerable (脆弱的). Fortunately, many conservation organizations are committed to rescuing and protecting these vulnerable creatures: · PADI AWARE Foundation — The world’s largest diver training organization, PADI officially launched its global conservation charity in 1992 to promote cleaner and healthier oceans. One of its goals is to reduce the amount of sharks and rays threatened with extinction by 25%. Data collected from its new Global Shark & Ray Census will help with ongoing and future efforts to protect vulnerable species. · Shark Advocates International — Founded by veteran shark advocate Sonja Fordham, Shark Advocates International is a project of The Ocean Foundation. The non-profit promotes science-based shark conservation policies such as fishing limits, species-specific protections, and finning (鱼翅业) bans at the local, national, and international level. ·WildAid — Known for its high-profile media campaigns, WildAid fights the global illegal wildlife trade by changing consumers’ attitudes through awareness of the multi-billion dollar industry. Its anti-shark fin campaign in China featuring NBA legend Yao Ming has been especially successful, seeing an 80% drop in shark fin consumption in the country. Through its WildAid Marine Programme, the non-profit also helps protect sharks around the world, including the Galápagos Marine Reserve, home to the densest (密集的) shark population on Earth. · WWF — With five million supporters, projects in nearly 100 countries, and one iconic (标志性的) panda logo, the World Wildlife Fund is one of the largest and most well-known conservation organizations on the planet. WWF has partnered with the international wildlife trade monitoring non-profit TRAFFIC for a joint shark conservation programme with local projects all over the world. 1. What is a goal of PADI AWARE Foundation? A. To reduce the amount of rays. B To end the danger threatening sharks. C. To protect endangered sharks. D. To collect data from Shark & Ray Census. 2. What does WildAid succeed in doing? A. Reducing shark fin consumption. B. Promoting NBA legend Yao Ming. C. Changing consumers’ attitudes towards life. D. Seeing an 80% drop in shark fin production. 3. Which organization probably has the widest reach in the world? A. WildAid. B. WWF. C. Shark Advocates International. D. PADI AWARE Foundation. B In 1991, Keith White was at the centre of a 14-vehicle pile-up when a truck crossed the central reservation and hit the van in which he was a passenger. White survived, but his left arm was crushed beyond repair, and he lost his memory for two years. His pilot license was removed and he could no longer follow his passion for diving. But he had been sailing since he was 16, and so, in 2004, he decided to buy a boat, fitting it out so he could sail it single-handedly. “I didn’t know at that point if I could sail with one hand,” he says. “But at the back of my mind I had always thought I could do anything if I put my mind to it.” Within a year, White had taken on the challenge of being the first one-armed sailor to circumnavigate (环航) the British Isles. Then he crossed the Atlantic alone in 2008. Last year he became the first sailor with a disability to circumnavigate the globe. Sailing single-handed for weeks requires mental, as well as physical, strength, especially when you are alone. So how does he do it? It’s a question that makes the yachtsman (帆船运动员) laugh. “When you have seven children it’s lovely to have a little time on your own! It’s awesome,” he jokes. “I do a log every hour, and my diary, and I read a few books. I have very little sleep.” “I’m a sociable person: I do like lots of people around. Answering emails and chatting over Facebook can help stop any loneliness,” he adds. When White made his first Atlantic crossing, he was disappointed to have his peace and quiet broken by his arrival on land. But, he says, he threw himself into meeting new people. In between adventures, he likes sailing with people who haven’t tried it before or get involved in yacht races with friends. Perhaps the main reason for his success in adjusting to life after a big adventure, he says, is that he always has an idea for a new one in his back pocket. “It keeps me ticking over — there’s always something new to do. I just like challenges and one leads to another.” 4. Why couldn’t White continue his passion for diving? A. He lost his left arm. B. His license was due. C. He had a new hobby. D. His memory was poor. 5. How did White spend his time at sea? A. By staying awake. B. By visiting old friends. C. By keeping himself busy. D. By attending his children. 6. What mainly leads to White’s successful adjustment to life after a big adventure? A. Socializing with new people. B. Scheduling new adventures. C. Coaching new yachtsmen. D. Organizing yacht races. 7. Which of the following best describes Keith White? A. Creative. B. Humorous. C. Easy-going. D. Adventurous. C If you live in a region where winter weather is a regular risk, you are likely used to pouring salt on your sidewalks. But how does it work? And how much salt do humans pour onto our planet’s surface? The second question is easier to answer: a lot. Salt doesn’t directly melt ice, nor does it make snow simply disappear. Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression. In the case of simple rock salt, which is a rawer, less pure version of table salt, each molecule (分子) splits into smaller elements. Normally, when water freezes into ice, its molecules line up to form a stable, orderly structure. Salt interrupts the process, however, and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur. But if salt needs to interact with liquid water, how does it do anything when temperatures are stubbornly below freezing, and water should already be in the form of ice? That’s where cars help clear their own way by creating friction and, in turn, heat. The friction allows for the ice that has already frozen to melt a little bit, making it unlikely to freeze. Beyond rock salt’s ability to clear icy streets, it can also be destructive. Chloride ions (氯离子) can cause wear and tear on vehicles and facilities. Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water. Many local governments are looking for alternatives to rock salt. Other salts such as magnesium chloride and calcium chloride work in the same way as rock salt, and they’re perhaps even more efficient. Some experiments are testing other ice-preventing solutions, including those that contain sugars instead of or in addition to salts. Another approach relies more heavily on sand, which can mechanically make roads safer. All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather condition — a Herculean task when winter brings its worst. 8. What’s the purpose of the first sentence in Paragraph 2? A. To introduce the topic. B. To give some evidence. C. To define the phenomenon. D. To reveal the misconception. 9. How does salt work to disturb the process of freezing? A. By lowering the temperature. B. By melting and splitting itself. C. By lining up to form a solid structure. D. By stopping the formation of the structure. 10. What does the underlined word “densities” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Concentrations. B. Weights. C. Qualities. D. Salts. 11 What’s the last paragraph mainly talking about? A. Other salts won’t disturb local ecology. B. Efforts are being made to guarantee safe travels. C. Many alternatives are available to solve the problem. D. Bitter winter make it impossible to secure road safety. 第二节(共5 小题； 每小题2.5分， 满分 12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Lake Baikal, the biggest body of fresh water on Earth near Russia’s border with Mongolia, is home to several unusual animals, including the world’s only species of freshwater seal. Seals exist in large quantities in Baikal, about 100,000 of them, though the lake is poor in nutrition.____12____. A study just published by Watanabe Yuuki of the National Institute of Polar Research in Tokyo suggests the answer is tiny organisms. Most seals eat fish. And Baikal seals do, indeed, have needle-pointed teeth. But in 1982 researchers noted that they develop a second sort of specialized tooth behind those canines. They have sharp teeth which look like combs.____13____But Dr Watanabe guessed that they might be an adaptation for feeding on other strange creatures in the lake. Seals arrived in Baikal 2 m years ago, from the Arctic Ocean. So too did some much smaller sea creatures, known as amphipods. These have grown into more than 340 species.____14____. But Dr Watanabe wondered if the Baikal seals’ comb-like teeth might enable them to filter these tiny creatures from the water in sufficient quantities to make them useful food sources.____15____. Records showed that the seals would dive in with their mouths open and collect amphipod groups that form at night. Dr Watanabe estimates that each seal catch an average of 57 amphipods per dive.____16____, for the seals do hunt fish as well. But they also compete with those fish for the amphipods, thus partially bypassing a link in the food chain and perhaps maintaining themselves in larger numbers than would otherwise be possible. A. The needlelike canines are necessary B. So how they do so well has been a puzzle C. This has led to their numbers increasing sharply D. At the time, nobody knew what to make of them E. He therefore used waterproof cameras to observe a few seals F. Cameras remained attached to some seals for between two and four days G Sea mammals the size of seals would normally see amphipods as too small to hunt 第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Bingley, a Sayre School student from America, decided that he would devote himself to studying the environment to have a broad influence on the community. To reduce the carbon footprint, Bingley planned to ____17____ enough solar energy to power the school's science labs. Now his plan is set to happen. To fix 30 solar panels is____18____for late November, As he began his research____19____ solar energy, he discovered a useful phone app. By entering an address, he could find out how much sunlight the____20____ receives each day. Based on the data, he found that his school building was the best position. At the suggestion of his science teacher, Debbie Wheeler, he first performed an energy____21____ of the science lab to see how much energy a typical lab uses per day. Then, he started his research, ____22____a local company of solar panels to do the job. He lacked money for starting the project, so he____23____ Sayre's head to support him after explaining the____24____of solar power for the school and community. Since Sayre provided the____25____ seed money to provide infrastructure and the purchase of one panel, the project has_____26_____ to include a total of 30 panels. They are expected to produce enough energy to_____27_____ all the science labs on campus. “It feels like a dream to think that an idea I had from my AP Environmental class would have this kind of_____28_____” said Bingley, expressing gratitude for Wheeler's help. Wheeler said the success was due to Bingley's efforts and_____29_____ to follow through on the project from start to finish. “I've had other students talk about_____30_____ initiatives (倡议) on campus, but Bingley had the persistence and courage to make it happen," she said. Bingley said that he would_____31_____ like to study environmental engineering at university. 17. A. explore B. invest C. produce D. switch 18. A. defined B. identified C. output D. scheduled 19. A. beyond B. on C. with D. through 20. A. location B. destination C. transmission D. occasion 21. A. surplus B. allowance C. budget D. calculation 22 A. employing B. contacting C. protecting D. urging 23. A. convinced B. demanded C. refreshed D. submitted 24. A. causes B. plots C. benefits D. origins 25. A. initial B. flexible C. optional D. sustainable 26. A. accumulated B. grown C. rewarded D. sponsored 27. A. decorate B. furnish C. run D. equip 28. A. influence B. criterion C. experience D. management 29. A. caution B. fraternity C. inspiration D. willingness 30. A. cultural B. environmental C. practical D. theoretical 31. A. casually B. deliberately C. eventually D. gradually 第二节 在每题的空白处填入所给单词的正确形式并将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分） 32. The sailors steered the ship carefully to escape ________ (harm) by the powerful waves. (所给词的适当形式填空) 33. I was ________ (shock) at the news that I got my privacy leaked as a result of using my smartphone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 34. In my opinion, the young man is equal ________ the job on account of his creativity. (用适当的词填空) 35. To my amazement, our first attempt ________ (develop) new software was a great success. (所给词的适当形式填空) 36. These businessmen are anxious ________ (know) the detailed contents of the policy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 37. The police have had him under ________ (observe) for several weeks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 38. He didn’t do enough________ (prepare) for this exam and failed. (所给词的适当形式填空) 39. Obviously, his ________ (survive) depends on his perseverance to a degree. (所给词的适当形式填空) 40. We must take instant ________ (measure) to ensure the safety of the project. (所给词的适当形式填空) 41. Many recommendations came up at the conference about wildlife ________ (protect). (所给词的适当形式填空) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $