Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 阅读·久久为功-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册教师用书word（译林版）

本高中英语讲义以“科学”为核心主题，构建“主题名句引入-课文精读内化-词汇积累巩固-写作应用输出-拓展阅读深化”的学习支架。通过屠呦呦事迹、《科学的价值》演讲等课文，结合对译和难句破解，系统培养学生语言理解与表达能力，辅以词汇表和写作范文，形成完整学习闭环。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，如通过中国科学家屠呦呦、袁隆平事迹渗透家国情怀，借助科学价值讨论提升思维品质。课中助力教师整合语言知识与文化内涵教学，课后学生可利用词汇表和范文自主复习，有效查漏补缺，强化语言应用与跨文化理解能力。

附：《阅读·久久为功》 一、背主题名句，写大气文章 1．(教材名句)The scientist is motivated primarily by curiosity and a desire for truth.—Irving Langmuir 科学家的驱动力主要是好奇心和对真理的渴望。 ——欧文·朗缪尔 2．Try to become not a man of success, but try rather to become a man of value.—Albert Einstein 努力不是为了功成名就，而是为了成为有价值的人。 ——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 3．The pursuit of science needs special courage.—Galileo 追求科学需要特别的勇气。 ——伽利略 4．Surprise is the seed of science.—Thomas Edison 惊奇是科学的种子。 ——托马斯·爱迪生 5．To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle, requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science.—Albert Einstein&Leopold Infeld 提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和利奥波德·因菲尔德 二、课文不厌百遍读，书中自有“黄金屋” 课文1　Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize (中国科学家荣获2015年诺贝尔奖) ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————By Dina Conner 11 December 2015 Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize， awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria， one of the Nobel Prize， awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，human history. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing After graduation, she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine， acquiring a broad medicine and Western medicine. —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 迪娜·康纳 2015年12月11日 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她为抗击疟疾所做出的贡献——疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。得益于她发现的青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者的存活率大大提高。 1930年，屠呦呦出生于浙江宁波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北京读大学，学习药学。毕业后，她在中医研究院工作。她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。 [难句破解]　 句①　此句是简单句。不定式短语to receive a Nobel Prize作the first female scientist的后置定语；过去分词短语awarded for ...malaria作状语；one of the ...history作malaria的同位语。 句②　Born in 1930 ... Province为过去分词短语作状语。 句③　acquiring ... medicine为现在分词短语作结果状语。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Tu's education was soon to prove very useful.In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.She collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs.When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.Inspired by an over 1,600－year－old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. On 4 October 1971, after 190 failures, she succeeded in making —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 屠呦呦接受的教育很快被证明非常有用。20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾，于是1969年屠呦呦担任了一个旨在找到疟疾疗法的小组组长。她收集了2 000多种治疗疟疾的中药配方，并从不同的草药中获取了数百种提取物。当这些未能取得任何有希望的效果时，屠呦呦就再次查阅中医典籍。在一本1 600多年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的记载给了屠呦呦启发，她重新设计了试验，并尝试在低温下对这种草药进行提取，以不损害其有效成分。1971年10月4日，在历经190次失败之后，她成功制备出可以治疗老鼠疟疾的青蒿提取物。 [难句破解]　句④　that引导定语从句，修饰先行词qinghao extract，在从句中作主语。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— However, because research resources were limited. Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem.When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs using household water containers.They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions, but they never gave up. Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. because they did not have sufficient safety data.To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。屠呦呦团队成功找到了解决这个问题的方法。当时没有研究设备，他们只能用家用储水的容器来提取草药。他们夜以继日地工作，由于条件恶劣，他们的健康开始受损，但却从未放弃。 然而，即使制造了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另外一个问题。由于没有足够的安全数据，对患者的试验可能会推迟。为了加快进度并保证其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己身上试验青蒿提取物。 [难句破解]　句⑤　it作形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语。 句⑥　be likely to ...句型意为“可能会……”。 句⑦　To speed up ... safety为动词不定式短语作目的状语。 ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972, through trial and error, they successfully discovered qinghaosu — the most effective part of the qinghao extract. As a key part of many malaria medicines， qinghaosu has since benefited More than 40 years after its discovery, Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.In her Nobel Lecture, she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 屠呦呦团队的努力最终得到了回报。1972年11月，经过反复试验，他们成功发现了青蒿素——青蒿提取物中最有效的成分。作为许多抗疟药物中的关键成分，青蒿素迄今已经造福了近2亿疟疾患者。在发现青蒿素40多年后，屠呦呦终于因此获得了诺贝尔奖。在她的获奖演讲上，屠呦呦鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医这座宝库，并让其更上一层楼。也许新一代的科学家汲取中医的智慧，确实能发现更多有益于全世界医疗的药物。 [难句破解]　句⑧　本句使用了现在完成时，表示“迄今已有近2亿疟疾患者受益”。 课文2　The Value of Science(科学的价值) ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————When I was younger, I thought science would make good things for everybody. It was obviously useful; it was good. But then during the war I worked on the atomic bomb. This result of science was obviously very serious — it represented the destruction of people and it put our future at risk. I had to ask myself, “Is there some evil involved in science？” Put another way, what is the value of the science I had long devoted myself when I saw what terrible things it could do? It was a question I had to answer. I thought long and hard about this question, and I will try to answer it in this talk. —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 在我还很年轻的时候，我以为科学会给每个人都带来好处。科学显然是有用的；有好的一面。但随后在战争期间，我从事了原子弹的研究。这个科学的成果又明摆着有很大危险性——它意味着人的毁灭，并使我们的未来岌岌可危。我不得不扪心自问：“科学之中是不是也包含罪恶？” 换言之，在我发现科学可能造成的恶果之后，我一直投身其中的科学，我曾经的挚爱，价值何在？这是一个我不得不回答的问题。关于这个问题，我苦思冥想了很久，我将试着在这次演讲中给出解答。 [难句破解]　 句①　画线部分是what引导的特殊疑问句，句中I had long devoted myself to是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the science; I had loved是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the thing; when I saw ... it could do是when引导的时间状语从句，该从句中又包含了what引导的宾语从句，作saw的宾语。 ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————　　 scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. Of course, science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad — but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power has obvious value — even though the power may be negated by what one does with it. —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详：科学知识让我们能够做各种各样的事，造不同种类的东西。当然，如果我们做了好事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。科学知识是一种让我们可以行善也可以作恶的力量——但是该如何运用，它并未自带说明书。这样的力量其价值显而易见，尽管，这力量会被某人用它所做的事否定。 [难句破解]　句②　in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词The first way。 句③　本句是复合句，分号连接两个并列分句，其中if引导条件状语从句，which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the moral choice。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with.When we look at any With more knowledge comes a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still.Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries. Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could. —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 科学的另一种价值在于它能够给予我们以智力的享受。当我们足够深入地探究某个问题时，我们会感到兴奋和神秘不断地扑面而来。随新知而来的是更深刻、更精妙的奥秘，激励我们更深入地去探究。我们从不担心答案可能会令人失望，带着愉悦和信心，我们翻开每一块新的石头去发现意想不到的奇妙，它们指向更多精妙的问题与奥秘。有赖于在科学上付出的努力，我们在其引领下构想出形形色色的东西，远比过去任何一位诗人和梦想家的想象更加美妙。 [难句破解]　 句④　when引导时间状语从句；coming to ... again是现在分词短语作宾语补足语。 ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————I would now like to turn to a third value that science has. The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of very great importance. When a scientist doesn't know the answer to a problem, he is ignorant. When he has an idea as to what the result is, he is uncertain. And he is still in some doubt. —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 现在，我要说到科学的第三种价值。科学家经常会经历无知、怀疑和不确定，而这种经历非常重要。当科学家不知道某个问题的答案时，他是无知的。当他对于结果是什么有主意时，他是不确定的。当他非常确信结果将会怎样时，他仍旧有所怀疑。 [难句破解]　句⑤　when引导时间状语从句，从句中包含what引导的宾语从句。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. But our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of science. In order to progress, we must not forget the importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt. Permit us to question — to doubt — to not be sure. —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。但是我们怀疑的自由，脱胎于早年间科学为对抗权威展开的深刻而强硬的斗争。为了进步，我们切不可忘记这场斗争的重要性；我们必须认识到自己的无知，并且为怀疑留出一席之地。要允许我们提问——怀疑——不确定。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our (Adapted from a public lecture by Richard Feynman, an American scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965) —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— [课文对译] 作为科学家我们深知伟大的进步是思想自由的成果，我们有责任阐明这种自由的价值；我们有责任教导人们怀疑不可怕，它值得欢迎和探讨；我们更有责任强烈要求拥有这一自由，这就是我们对后世的义务。 (改编自1965年诺贝尔物理学奖得主、美国科学家理查德·费曼的公开演讲) [难句破解]　 句⑥　这是一个复合句，句首It是形式主语，真正的主语是to declare ... freedom, to teach ... discussed, to demand ... generations三个并列不定式短语；knowing the ... freedom of thought是现在分词短语作状语，其中that is ... thought为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词progress; how doubt ... and discussed为how引导的宾语从句，该宾语从句中又包含“not ... but ...”结构，意为“不是……而是……”。 三、词汇记忆无诀窍，适时“回首”记得牢 1．republic n．　　　　　　　 共和国，共和政体 2．malaria n. 疟疾 3．deadly adj. 致命的；十足的，彻底的 拓展|dead adj. 死亡的；完全的 4．survival n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 拓展 5．province n. 省，省份 6．broad adj. 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的； 概括的；开阔的 反义|narrow 7．intend vt.& vi. 想要，计划；意指 拓展|intention n. 目的，意图；计划 搭配 8．extract n. 提取物；选录 vt. 提取；选录；取出；设法得到 9．herb n. 药草，香草；草本 10．refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 11．experiment n. 实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi. 做试验，进行实验；尝试 12．trial n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.& vt. 测试，试验 13．limited adj. 有限的 拓展 14．household adj. 家庭的，家用的，家务的 n. 一家人，家庭 15．container n. 容器；集装箱，货柜 拓展|contain vt. 包含，含有 16．postpone vt. 延迟，延期 同义|delay，put off 17．sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的 拓展|sufficiency n. 足量，充足 18．data n. 数据，资料，材料 19．speed up (使)加速 20．pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的 21．error n. 错误，差错 搭配|through trial and error 反复试验 22．wisdom n. 智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 23．beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的 拓展|benefit n．&v.　　 益处；获益 24．conduct vt.& vi. 组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 25．illustrate vt. 说明，解释；加插图于 26．penicillin n. 青霉素，盘尼西林 27．mould n. 霉菌；模具；类型 vt. 浇铸；塑造 28．bacteria n. 细菌 29．surround vt. 围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 拓展 30．indicate vt. 表明；暗示；提及；指出 拓展|indication n. 表明；暗示；显示 31．accident n. 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇 搭配|by accident 偶然，意外地 32．intelligent adj. 有才智的，聪明的；有智力的 拓展|intelligence n. 智力；聪明；智能 33．favour vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 搭配|do sb.a favour 帮某人一个忙 34．politician n. 政治家，从政者；投机钻营者 35．lightning n. 闪电 36．electricity n. 电，电能 拓展 37．theory n. 学说，论；原理；看法，意见 搭配|in theory 理论上 38．thunderstorm n. 雷雨，雷暴 39．ribbon n. 带子，丝带；带状物 40．metal n. 金属 41．charge vt.& vi. 充电；收费；控告；谴责； 使……承担责任；使充满 n. 收费；控告；谴责；掌管 搭配| in charge of 负责…… 42．bang n. 突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击 vi.& vt. 砸；砰地关上；猛摔；碰撞 搭配|with a bang 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 43．standout adj. 突出的 n. 突出的人(或物) 44．atomic adj. 原子能的；原子的 45．bomb n. 炸弹；核武器 vt. 轰炸 46．evil n. 罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj. 恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 47．involve vt. 包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加 搭配|be involved in 涉及；忙于 48．scientific adj. 科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的 49．credit n. 赞扬，认可；信用 vt. 存入金额；把……归于 50．moral adj. 道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n. 品行，道德；寓意 51．apply vt.& vi. 应用；申请；涂；有关 拓展 52．negate vt. 取消，使无效；否认，否定 53．intellectual adj. 脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n. 知识分子，脑力劳动者 54．mystery n. 神秘；神秘的人(或事物)； 悬疑作品 55．let sb. down 使某人失望 56．ignorance n. 无知 拓展 57．as to 关于，至于 58．take it for granted 想当然地认为， 认为……是理所当然 59．freedom n. 自由 拓展 60．authority n. 权威，权力；官方 61．permit vt.& vi. 允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n. 许可证 拓展|permission n. 允许，许可 搭配|permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事 62．responsibility n. 责任，负责；职责，义务 拓展|responsible adj. 负责的 63．declare vt. 表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 拓展|declaration n. 宣言；公布 64．nationality n. 国籍；民族 65．put forward 提出，提议，建议 66．evolution n. 进化；演变，发展 拓展|evolve v. 进化 67．publish vt. 出版，发行；发表；公布 68．marriage n. 结婚，婚姻；已婚状态 四、范文佳作多背诵，写作增分最实用 (一)单元写作任务范文背诵 写作话题 1　科学家品质 假定你是李华，收到好友John的来信。John希望自己将来成为一名科学家，来信咨询科学家需要具备哪些品质。请给他回一封电子邮件告知，内容包括： 1．对John的梦想表示支持； 2．科学家应具备的品质。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear John， ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua [推荐范文] Dear John， I'm glad to know that you hope to become a scientist in the future.I'm for your dream. To be a good scientist, you need to have some scientific spirits.Firstly, scientists should be interested in and curious about certain things.They pay attention to various aspects of the research problem and keep exploring.In addition, scientists need to be imaginative and willing to experiment bravely with new ideas and methods.As we all know, scientists are often intelligent and able to form independent opinions and methods.What's more, caution and persistence are also necessary for scientists to succeed. All in all, becoming a scientist is not easy.Work hard and wish you success. Yours， Li Hua 写作话题 2　校园科技节 假定你是李华，想邀请英国交换生David下周一参加你校举办的“科技节”，并欣赏学生们的“科技小发明”。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．写信目的； 2．活动时间和地点； 3．活动目的和内容； 4．表达希望。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：科技小发明technology gadgets [推荐范文] Dear David， I'm glad to invite you to the Science Festival to be held in our school next Monday to enjoy the students' technology gadgets. The Science Festival is scheduled to take place on the playground from 8 a．m. to 11 a．m., lasting three hours.Its purpose is to encourage us students to think creatively as well as share our works with others.At this festival, you can enjoy various gadgets which are of great use in our daily life.What's more, some excellent student inventors will introduce the functions of their technology gadgets and perform them on the spot, which I think will be the most exciting part. I would appreciate it if you could join in the coming Science Festival.Looking forward to your reply and your coming. Yours， Li Hua (二)单元主题优美语段背诵 语段1　宠物机器狗 A few months ago, Uncle Ed came up with a good idea and bought a robotic dog for Grandma Agnes.It has soft fur and barks when it senses motion nearby.Grandma quickly adopted the dog as her new Snoopy.His condition has led her to believe that he is an animal and not a robot.She got used to Snoopy's barks and regarded them as requests for food or a nap.The food disappearing every night helped convince Grandma that Snoopy was a real dog.We found from the camera that the neighbor's cat climbed over the fence and ate all the dog food. 几个月前，埃德叔叔想出了一个好主意，给艾格尼丝奶奶买了一只机器狗。它有柔软的皮毛，当它感觉到附近的动静时会吠叫。奶奶很快将这只狗作为她的新史努比。它的状况让她相信它是动物而不是机器人。她习惯了史努比的吠叫，并把这些叫声视为对食物或休息的请求。每天晚上消失的食物让奶奶相信史努比是一只真正的狗。我们通过摄像机发现，是邻居的猫翻过围栏，把所有的狗粮都吃掉了。 语段2　科技走进老年人的生活 We should thank our students and children.It was those lovely teenagers that taught us to use technology so that I could find a solution on the Internet by myself.Without them, our life is always invariable and boring.They “force” us to accept and use technology, which seems to put us under pressure.However, the fact is that our young fellows let us really accept and use technology to make our life more convenient. 我们应该感谢我们的学生和孩子们。正是那些可爱的青少年教会了我们运用科技，这样我就可以自己在互联网上找到解决方案。没有它们，我们的生活总是一成不变、枯燥乏味的。他们“强迫”我们接受和使用科技，看起来好像给我们带来了压力。然而，事实是，我们的年轻人让我们真正接受并使用技术，让我们的生活更方便了。 语段3　科技影响人生 Not only did technology save my life, it now also allows me to live my life.I rely a lot on the Internet as I'm not able to travel as much as I did previously.You hear a lot of negative stories about the Internet and technology, but I think this is an example of how technology can help us in daily life. 科技不仅拯救了我的生命，现在也让我过上了自己的生活。我非常依赖互联网，因为我不能像以前那样经常旅行。你听到过很多关于互联网和科技的负面报道，但我认为这(我的例子)是一个科技如何在日常生活中帮助我们的例子。 五、主题集群阅读，拓展主题认知 时尚悦读　造福全人类的开拓者 Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”， was one of China's most famous scientists.Yet, he considered himself a farmer because he continually worked the land in his research.Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing.His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine.However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher.Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution.Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had.How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species.One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self－pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. The common assumption then was that it could not be done.Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly. Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains， and his strains have allowed 200 million tons of rice per year.Yuan's innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam.Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping has received numerous awards both in China and abroad. [难句破解] 句①　此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词millions of Chinese farmers。 句②　此处为主从复合句，其中what concerned him most为what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语；that 引导表语从句。 句③　此处为whether引导的主语从句，在主语从句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语to develop ...such as rice。 句④　此处it为形式主语，真正的主语是that about 60 ...per year。在that引导的从句中，主语about 60 ...consumption由“百分数＋of＋名词”构成，谓语动词的数应与名词保持一致，因为domestic rice consumption为不可数名词，故谓语动词用is。generated from ...为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰crops。 [助读译文] 被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一。然而，他把自己看作是一位农民，因为在研究过程中他不断耕耘土地。确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯，与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。 袁隆平1930年出生于北京。他的父母希望他从事科学或医学职业，然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。为了应对这一危机，他选择学习农业，在位于重庆的西南农学院接受教育。 1953年大学毕业后，他成为一名科研人员。袁隆平意识到，解决问题的办法并不是扩大农田面积，而是农民们需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。杂交指的是两个或者两个以上品种的交叉。杂交作物的一个特点就是它们通常能获得比传统作物更高的产量。然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，仍众说纷纭。当时普遍认为这是不可能实现的。历经千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，在1974年开发出了可用于耕作的第一代杂交水稻。这种杂交水稻极大地提高了农民的产量。 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。袁隆平的创新不仅养活了中国，也养活了以稻米为主食的许多其他国家，如印度和越南。袁隆平凭其不可估量的贡献，在国内外获奖无数。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $