主题12 地球与宇宙奥秘碳素（题型滚动综合训练，话题词汇+时文阅读+高考真题+模拟精练）2026年高考英语趋势性主题

主题12 地球与宇宙奥秘探索 01 话题词汇佳句 02 时文热点阅读(全文翻译,词汇积累,长难句分析) 03 高考真题链接 04 话题阅读精练 分类 主题词汇 地球与宇宙奥秘探索 名词 1.alien n.外星人 2.creature n.生物 3. planet n.行星,地球 4．mankind n．人类 5．absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席 6．facility n．设施；设备 7．rocket n．火箭；火箭弹 8．telescope n．望远镜 9．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星 10．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆 11．astronaut n．宇航员，航天员 12．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市 13．spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船 14．spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间 15．gravity n．重力，地球引力 16．solar system太阳系；类太阳系 17．International Space Station 国际空间站 18. witness n.目击,见证;目击者 19．orbit n 轨道；势力范围 20．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果 21．bother n．麻烦，困难 22．universe n．宇宙；天地万物 23．drilling n．钻探；勘探 24．downfall n．衰败 25．giant n．巨人；巨兽；伟人 26．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪 27．astronomy n．天文学 28．crew n．(飞机上的)全体机组人员 29．shuttle n．航天飞机 30．simulator n．模拟装置，模拟器 31．galaxy n．星系 32．particle n．粒子 33．mission n．任务；使命，天职；太空飞行任务34．discipline n．训练，纪律 35．hydrogen n．氢，氢气 36．investigation n．调查 37．substance n．物质 38．microwave n．微波炉；微波 39．administration n．行政部门；管理，行政 40．polestar n．北极星 41．comet n．彗星 42．sphere n．天体 43．constellation n．星座 44．trunk n．树干 45．equator n．赤道 46．fence n．篱笆，栅栏 47．barbecue n．户外烧烤；烤架 48．scenery n．风景；景色 49．freedom n．自由；不受……影响的状态 50．peak n．顶峰；山峰；尖形 51．getaway n．适合度假的地方 52．nest n．巢穴；鸟窝；秘密窝点 53．desert n．沙漠；荒原 54．border n．国界；边界(地区) 55．harbour n．(海)港；港口 56．shore n．岸；滨 57．district n．地区；区域 58．channel n．水渠；海峡 59．frontier n．前沿；边界；前线 60．foundation n．创建；基础；地基 动词 1. exist vi.存在 2. witness v. 目击,见证 3. land vi.&vt.(使)着陆 4．launch vt．发射；发起；上市 5．float vi.飘动；漂流；浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流6．orbit vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行 7．analyz(s)e vt.分析 8．bother v．使烦恼；花费时间精力；打扰 9．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论 10．discipline vt.训练 11．highlight vt.突出；强调；使醒目 12．entitle vt.给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利 13．take sb’s breath away令人惊叹 14．play a part/role in在……中起作用；扮演一个角色 15．dry up 枯竭 16．be native to原产于 17. catch sight of 看见 18．check out调查，检查 19．throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去 20．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害 21．ban vt.明令禁止，取缔；禁止做某事 22．break down使分解(为)，使变化(成) 23．breathe life into给……带来起色，注入活力 24．hatch vt.& vi.孵出；孵卵；孵化 25．disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪26．impact vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 27．track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 28．build up逐渐增加，扩大 29．awe vt.使惊叹，使敬畏 30．intrigue v．激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心 31．experiment vi.做试验，进行实验 32. conclude vt.断定；推断出 形容词 1.mysterious adj.神秘的 2.intelligent adj.聪明的,智商高的 3. unforgettable adj.令人难忘的 4.fantastic adj.奇妙的,极好的 5．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的 6．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 7．incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信 8．high-end adj.高端的 9．lifelike adj.(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的 10．cosmic adj.宇宙的 11．subatomic adj.亚原子的；原子内的 12．nuclear adj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的 13．invisible adj.看不见的 14．unexceptional adj.平常的 15．instantaneously adv.瞬间地 16．uncontrollably adv.控制不住地 17．hazardous adj.有危险的，不安全的 18．geological adj.地质学的 19．creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的；独创的 20．extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 21．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的 22．outspoken adj.直率的；直言的 介词短语 1．on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 佳句背诵 1. So fascinated was I by the beautiful scene of space that I forgot to return to the earth. 我被太空美丽的景色迷住了,以至于我忘记了回到地球。 2. What a wonderful and unforgettable experience it was! 这是一次多么美好和难忘的经历啊! 3. I’ll never forget this fantastic experience. 我永远不会忘记这次奇妙的经历。 4．On 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。 5．There’s evidence that evolution would work the same way everywhere，so it’s actually quite likely that life on other planets would in many ways look like us. 有证据表明进化在任何地方都是一样的，所以其他星球上的生命很可能在很多方面都和我们相似。 6．Soon，it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way. 不久，人们就认识到，太阳只是我们称之为银河系的数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。 7．It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board，providing a continuous human presence in space. 它绕地球运转，搭载了来自不同国家的宇航员，使得人类能够持续在太空中开展工作。 8．Only from the height can we get close to the universe，which requires us to master more knowledge. 只有从高处我们才能接近宇宙，这需要我们掌握更多的知识。 9．Its total land area is 16,808 square kilometres，among which the mountain areas account for 52%. 它的总陆地面积为16 808平方千米，其中山区占52%。 10．The West Lake，with hills on three sides and many beautiful parks around，attracts a large number of visitors at home and abroad. 西湖三面环山，周围有很多美丽的公园，吸引着大量的国内外游客。 Cosmic radiation represents one of the most appealing yet least visible phenomena in our universe. These high-energy particles, traveling at nearly light speed, originate from violent cosmic events such as cosmic explosions and intense solar activities. According to astrophysicist Dimitra Atri, Earth constantly receives these invisible particles from all directions, creating an ongoing cosmic shower that goes through our atmosphere. Earth has developed remarkable natural defenses against this cosmic attack. Our atmosphere absorbs the majority of incoming particles, while the planet’s magnetic field blocks most harmful radiation. Together, these protective systems maintain surface radiation at safe levels. However, this protection weakens with increasing altitude. Residents of high-altitude cities experience nearly double the radiation exposure of those at sea level. The effects of cosmic radiation become particularly noticeable during air travel. While a single cross-country flight exposes passengers to radiation equal to just one chest X-ray — posing minimal health risk — airline crews, due to their regular high-altitude exposure, face significantly higher risks. Research indicates that flight attendants and pilots typically receive more annual radiation than workers in nuclear facilities, potentially increasing their long-term cancer risks. In space, beyond Earth’s protective systems, cosmic radiation presents even greater challenges. The Apollo missions provided concrete evidence of this threat. Long-term space exposure can cause damage to cells, increasing risks of cancer, cataracts, and neurological disorders — a major concern for future Mars missions and long-duration space travel. Scientists employ various methods to study cosmic radiation. While these high-energy particles won’t give humans superpowers as sometimes described in fiction, understanding their behavior is crucial for developing better protection technologies. Current research focuses on protective materials and monitoring systems to safeguard astronauts and frequent flyers. For most individuals on Earth, cosmic radiation poses minimal health risks thanks to our planet’s natural defenses. However, as we venture more frequently into high-altitude travel and space exploration, continued research into cosmic radiation’s effects remains essential for protecting human health in these environments. 全文翻译 宇宙辐射是我们宇宙中最引人入胜却又最难以察觉的现象之一。这些以近乎光速飞行的高能粒子，源于宇宙爆炸和强烈太阳活动等剧烈的宇宙事件。天体物理学家迪米特拉·阿特里表示，地球不断从各个方向接收到这些无形的粒子，形成一场持续不断的宇宙粒子雨，穿透我们的大气层。 地球针对这种宇宙侵袭形成了卓越的自然防御机制。我们的大气层吸收了大部分进入的粒子，而地球的磁场则阻挡了大部分有害辐射。这些保护系统共同作用，使地球表面的辐射维持在安全水平。然而，随着海拔的升高，这种保护作用会减弱。高海拔城市的居民所受到的辐射暴露量几乎是海平面居民的两倍。 在航空旅行中，宇宙辐射的影响尤为明显。虽然一次跨州飞行让乘客受到的辐射量仅相当于一次胸部X光检查——对健康的风险极小——但由于空乘人员和飞行员经常处于高海拔环境，他们面临的风险要高得多。研究表明，空乘人员和飞行员每年受到的辐射通常比核设施工作人员还要多，这可能会增加他们患癌症的长期风险。 在地球保护系统之外的太空中，宇宙辐射带来的挑战更为严峻。阿波罗任务就为这一威胁提供了确凿证据。长期暴露在太空中会对细胞造成损害，增加患癌症、白内障和神经系统疾病的风险——这是未来火星任务和长时间太空旅行的主要担忧。 科学家采用各种方法来研究宇宙辐射。虽然这些高能粒子不会像小说中有时描述的那样赋予人类超能力，但了解它们的行为对于开发更好的防护技术至关重要。目前的研究重点是防护材料和监测系统，以保护宇航员和频繁乘坐飞机的人。 对于地球上的大多数人来说，由于地球的自然防御机制，宇宙辐射对健康的风险极小。然而，随着我们更频繁地进行高海拔旅行和太空探索，持续研究宇宙辐射的影响对于保护人类在这些环境中的健康仍然至关重要。 知识拓展 ①宇宙辐射源：除了文中提到的宇宙爆炸和强烈太阳活动，超新星爆发、黑洞吸积物质等也会产生宇宙辐射。超新星爆发是某些恒星在演化接近末期时经历的剧烈爆炸，释放出极其巨大的能量和大量高能粒子。 ②高海拔地区的应对：为了减少高海拔地区居民所受辐射影响，一些地方会采用特殊的建筑材料来屏蔽部分辐射。例如，某些建筑材料中添加了能吸收辐射的物质。 ③航空业防护措施：航空公司为了保护机组人员，会对飞行航线进行优化，尽量避开辐射较强的区域。同时，也会为机组人员配备辐射监测设备，实时监测他们所受的辐射剂量。 ④太空探索的防护进展：目前，科学家正在研究利用磁场护盾来保护宇航员免受宇宙辐射。磁场护盾可以模拟地球磁场，阻挡大部分高能粒子。此外，也在研发新型的防护材料，如含有特殊元素的复合材料，能更有效地吸收和阻挡辐射。 ⑤最新研究动态：一些研究机构正在进行长期的宇宙辐射监测项目，通过在太空中放置探测器，收集宇宙辐射的数据，以更深入地了解宇宙辐射的特性和变化规律。同时，也在研究宇宙辐射对人体基因的影响，探索如何从基因层面增强人体对辐射的抵抗力。 重点单词 1. ___________v. 代表；为……代言（辩护）；象征，体现；展示，描绘；（尤指不真实地）描述，描写；扮演 2. ____________n. 现象 3. ____________v. 起源 4. ____________ adj. 暴力的 5. ___________ adj.很大的，十分强烈的；严肃紧张的，激烈的；热情的，热切的；专注的，认真的 6. ___________v.吸收；汲取；理解，掌握（信息）；使全神贯注，使专心 7. ___________n. 机组人员 8. ___________ n. 设施 9. ___________v. 维持，保持 10. ___________n. 威胁 熟词生义 1．block 熟义：n.大块；街段，街区 文章义：v. ___________________ 2. monitor 熟义：n.显示器，监控器, 班长 文章义： v. ________________ 派生词 1. __________n.呼吁，恳求；上诉，申诉；吸引力，感染力 v.呼吁，恳求；上诉，申诉；有吸引力→__________adj.吸引人的，有感染力的；恳求的，可怜的 2. __________ v.探讨，探究；考察，探索；（用手或身体其他部位）探查，仔细检查→__________n. 勘探，勘察；研究，探究 3. __________v.（使）爆炸，（使）爆破；急剧扩大，激增；（情感）迸发，爆发；推翻，破除；爆响，发出巨响；迅速移动 →__________n.爆破，爆炸（声）；激增；爆发，迸发；突发的巨响；某事证实是错误的，推翻 4. __________v.暴露，使显露；使面临，使遭受（危险或不快）；揭露，揭发；接触，体验→__________n. 暴露，接触；曝光，揭发；曝光时间，曝光量 5. __________ v. 参加→__________n. 空乘人员 6. __________n.言论，评述；v.谈论，说起；注意到→__________adj.引人注目的，非凡的 7. __________adj. 重大的，主要的→__________n. 大多数 8. __________n.伤害，损害 v.危害，损害（某事物）；伤害（人或动物）→__________adj. 有害的 9. __________v.保护，防护→__________adj. 保护的，防护的；呵护的，有保护欲的 10．__________ adj. 显而易见的，明显的→__________n. 证据 11．__________ v.行为，表现；起反应，起作用；守规矩，举止得体→__________n. 行为，表现 12. __________adj. 看得见的→__________adj. 看不见的，隐形的；被忽视的，不为人注意的 合成词 1. high+ energy= high – energy adj. _______ 2. cross+ country= cross – country adj. ________ 3. on+ go= ongoing adj. _____________ 4. in+ come= incoming adj. _____________ 重点短语 1. at a… speed ______________ 2．___________ 根据…… 3．__________ 进行到底：坚持做某事直到完成 4．__________ 集中 5. ___________ 等同于 长难句分析 1. According to astrophysicist Dimitra Atri, Earth constantly receives these invisible particles from all directions, creating an ongoing cosmic shower that goes through our atmosphere. 翻译：据天体物理学家迪米特拉·阿特里称，地球不断地从各个方向接收这些无形的粒子，形成一场持续不断的、穿过我们大气层的宇宙粒子雨。 分析：本句中creating an ongoing cosmic shower是 ，其中that goes through our atmosphere是 ，修饰先行词cosmic shower。 （2024年全国新高考Ⅱ卷 A） Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1 — The Natural World With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00 Start Point: Scratoes Bridge Walk Duration: 6 hours Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00 Start Point: Deerpark Car Park Walk Duration: 5 hours Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30 Start Point: The Town Hall Walk Duration: 3 hours Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45 Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration: 1.5 hours 21. Which walk takes the shortest time? A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking. C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. 22. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club. C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide. 23. What do the four walks have in common? A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers. C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend. 重点单词 1. v. 要求，需要 2. v. 确保 3. adj. 令人惊叹的 4. adj. 热情的，友好的 5. adj. 必不可少的，极其重要的 6. v. 参与，参加 熟词生义 1. promise v. 承诺[此处指的是] 2. introduce ν. 介绍[此处指的是] 3.surface n. 表面[此处指的是] v. 4.permit v. 允许[此处指的是]n. 5.schedule n. 计划，安排表 [此处指的是]v. 派生词 1. begin v. 开始 →__________n. 初学者，生手 2. experience n. & vt. 经历，体验→_______adj. 有经验的，经验丰富的 3. advance n. 前进；预先vi. 前进；进步→______adj. 高级的 4. environment n. 环境→environmental adj. 环保的→________n. 环保主义者 5.inform v. 告诉，通知→_______adj. 提供有用信息的，增长见闻的 6. permit v. 允许→_______n. 允许 7.appropriately adv. 合适地，恰当地→_________adv. 不合适地 8. photography n. 摄影，摄影术→________adj. 摄影的 合成词 1. wood+ land→ n. 林区 重点短语 1.have a passion for ... 2.provide an insight into sth. ____________ 3. . 某人容易得到的; 4.in the presence of sb. 5.be essential for ... 6.introduce sb. to sth. 7. 走出，脱掉 阅读理解 Passage 1 【天体宇宙】 We’ve all seen this happen in a science-fiction movie: The super heroes jump into a shaky spaceship and escape the bad guys by flying through the asteroid (小行星) belt, where huge rocks fall and spin so close that the crew has to duck and dive to avoid being broken into pieces. It’s exciting, but it’s wrong: In our solar system, the odds are pretty good that you could stand on the surface of an asteroid and not even be able to see another. Yet they do interact if given enough time. Even in the main asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, crashes are ineluctable. And when two space rocks go “crash” in the main belt, big impacts blow lots of asteroid fragments (碎片) out into space. In many cases, these fragments stay on much the same orbital path as the parent asteroid, although they gradually separate from it because of slight speed differences. After thousands of years, some fragments might be clear across the Sun, but their distance from the Sun and the shape and direction of their orbits remain similar. Such conserved features are collectively called an asteroid’s orbital elements. The groupings sharing orbital elements are identified as “families”, which are named after the largest asteroid in the group. Studying asteroids by focusing on their families can help us make a good guess about what properties a newly-found one has if it belongs to a better-studied family. Care must be taken, though. Some very large asteroids have differentiated materials in the center and on the surface, so confirming those guesses usually requires taking spectra, the time-consuming process of breaking an object’s incoming light into individual colors to reveal its composition. It’s more than a mere academic exercise to find this particular branch of an asteroid family tree: Some asteroids are potentially risky, meaning they could crash with Earth some time in the distant future. If we know how they find their way to the inner solar system from the main belt to pose threats in the first place, we can defend our planet from future worrisome asteroids. 1．What is the author’s view on the scene in the sci-fi movie? A．It goes against the established facts. B．It overstates the super heroes’ role. C．It downplays the special visual effects. D．It fuels people’s interest in the asteroid. 2．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “ineluctable” in paragraph 2? A．Unavoidable. B．Uncommon. C．Incredible. D．Invisible. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The definition of orbital elements. B．The formation of asteroid families. C．The naming rule of asteroid groups. D．The moving pattern of asteroid fragments. 4．What can be inferred about the study of asteroid family? A．It is a high-risk practice. B．It is built on assumptions. C．Its value can’t be overstated. D．Its coverage needs to be expanded. Passage 2 【航空航天】 One of the reasons astronomers like to put telescopes in space is that the “seeing” is better. But now they’re facing a great challenge. Alejandro Borlaff and his team at NASA’s Ames Research Centre examined official filings to work out just how many satellites might be in orbit by the next decade. These days, there’re over 9,000 of SpaceX’s Starlink Internet satellites alone. Starlink is burgeoning. Actually, SpaceX has filed paperwork for as many as 42,000 satellites. Others such as One Web and Amazon are also building mega-constellations(巨型星座). In total, Borlaff believes there could be around half a million satellites in low orbits by 2040. His team fed size and orbit data of dozens of planned mega-constellations into a computer simulation (模拟) to work out their impact on major space telescopes, such as Hubble and SPHEREx. Exactly how bothersome the satellites will be depends on factors such as a telescope’s height. The researchers have concluded around a third of Hubble images could be affected. That sounds bad enough, but Hubble gets off lightly. Around 96% of SPHEREx exposures could be affected by streaks (条纹) of sunlight reflected off passing satellites. SpaceX has tried to make its satellites less reflective, though with limited success, notes Borlaff. But business pressures push the opposite way. Starlink’s satellites have grown in size over time to serve more customers and offer higher speeds. Bigger satellites are usually brighter ones. If astronomers know a mega-constellation’s orbits, they can time observations to minimize disturbance. But the solution won’t work well: eventually the sky becomes so crowded that avoidance is impossible. Then what to do? Cheap rockets making mega-constellations possible could also make it easier to launch future space telescopes above the satellites. The James Webb SpaceTelescope (JWST), for instance, is 1.5m km from Earth, far too distant for low-flying satellites to pose a problem. Though flying low can benefit telescopes too, according to Borlaff, especially for agencies lacking NASA’s budget, we may as well try this method. 5．What does the underlined word “burgeoning” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Predicting accurately. B．Behaving properly. C．Connecting smoothly. D．Expanding rapidly. 6．Why are Starlink’s satellites becoming bigger and bigger? A．To lower their reflectivity. B．To enhance their profit value. C．To improve their brightness. D．To monitor their flight height. 7．What does the author express about low-flying telescopes by mentioning the JWST? A．They might be replaced technically. B．They might be cheaper in the future. C．They can be controlled by satellites. D．They can find their own disadvantages. 8．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Solutions to Satellite Disturbance Are Useful B．The Future of Space Exploration Is Uncertain C．Mega-Constellations Can Be Increasing in Orbit D．Satellites Can Affect Astronomical Observations Passage 3 阅读七选五 Over the last 60 years, many spacecraft have flown by, orbited and even landed on Mars. But human explorers could work faster and be more flexible than machines. Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone in space exploration. 1 However, it is difficult to survive this adventure. First, a roundtrip to Mars causes many extra health risks. For one thing, floating in microgravity for long periods weakens bones and muscles. For another, it allows fluid to build up in the head. 2 Luckily, artificial gravity machines could help. Then there’s space radiation to worry about. The Earth’s magnetic field protects astronauts near Earth from high-energy cosmic (宇宙的) rays. Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems. 3 This increases the risk of developing the diseases. Taking certain vitamins could reduce the impacts. 4 Since astronauts can’t carry construction materials from Earth, scientists are dreaming up ways for astronauts to use materials on Mars. Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe. A device on NASA’s Perseverance rover is currently laying the groundwork for a future Mars oxygen factory. Planning a trip to Mars isn’t just about keeping astronauts safe. 5 Humans are filled with microbes (微生物). And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars. As a result, a key part of responsible space exploration is making sure Earth bacteria don’t infect other planets. A．Exploring space always comes with risks. B．It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts. C．They can’t restock like astronauts on the space station do. D．On longer journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure. E．That’s why certain nations are interested in dispatching humans to Mars. F．This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications. G．Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony would present numerous challenges. 完形填空 Passage 5 Mauna Loa in Hawaii is among the world’s most active volcanoes. However, this 1 spot is an ideal place for simulating (模拟) a space mission to Mars. The site was chosen because it is relatively remote and 2 to the conditions on Mars. The red planet has large volcanoes that are geologic cousins to Mauna Loa. 3 , six scientists were housed near the volcano in a small white dome (圆顶屋) for an 8-month experiment, the 4 of which was to 5 information on how lengthy Mars missions could psychologically affect astronauts. The six scientists closed themselves off from the outside world in order to study what 6 on Mars would be like. Their task was to see how isolation affects the social aspects of explorers who might one day 7 the red planet. Conditions on Mars are tough, so the six had to manage without many of life’s 8 , like fresh fruit and unlimited water. Leaving the habitat involved 9 heavy suits similar to those being designed for Mars astronauts and waiting 5 minutes in an “airlock” to simulate how the air pressure drops. They only left the dome once a week to 10 field studies that would happen during a Mars mission. Outside, there was a lot to explore — lava flows, caves, and igneous rock. The 11 were a particularly attractive destination. In an article, a participant noted her crew explored more than 100 caves. In one particular cave, she detailed the 12 that came from exploring finger-shaped rock formations. “We have examined the rock more closely, and 13 a suitable shelter for a possible evacuation (撤离) from the dome,” she wrote. “On Mars this kind of lava tube (熔岩管) is hoped to provide shelter to astronauts from the 14 space radiation during a solar storm.” The research findings are expected to have considerable 15 on decisions when putting astronauts for future missions to Mars. 1．A．uncertain B．unimportant C．unnecessary D．unlikely 2．A．vital B．linked C．similar D．beneficial 3．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．However D．Still 4．A．cause B．objective C．result D．challenge 5．A．send B．store C．change D．download 6．A．weather B．water C．life D．volcanoes 7．A．inhabit B．pollute C．picture D．map 8．A．skills B．fortunes C．tools D．luxuries 9．A．protecting B．locating C．carrying D．wearing 10．A．keep an eye on B．carry out C．break off D．call off 11．A．shelters B．rocks C．caves D．domes 12．A．relief B．excitement C．fear D．peace 13．A．decorated B．built C．destroyed D．found 14．A．harmful B．random C．mysterious D．unexpected 15．A．limitations B．pressure C．influence D．control Passage 6 Six years as a space reporter taught me that chaos rules everything. Nothing is completely predictable or controlled. I have watched enough go wrong to know that no view of a celestial (天空的) event is ever truly promised to us 1 on the Earth. So when my mother and I decided to drive out to Erie, Pennsylvania, to see the April 8 total solar eclipse (日全食) this year, I knew this would be a trip of two 2 attitudes. I’d be 3 about the weather and convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world while my mom would have strong faith that order would 4 and the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives. I told her not to 5 the universe for this one; she told me she wouldn’t depend on anything else. I was once again humbled into a 6 I’ve learned time and time again — Mama knows best. Erie’s forecast that morning was looking 7 , but by the time first contact between the sun and the moon began a little after 2 p.m., the clouds over the city’s bay began to clear. The pale yellow sun under the eclipse lenses rapidly crested (达到顶峰), concentrating into a 8 orange glow. The eclipse 9 at 3:16 p.m. A thin white glow pierced out from the edge of a clean black circle. The sunset-like 10 glowed and bloomed in the distance. I could spot solar prominences (日珥) sticking out from the sides of the 11 in slightly bright red and pink. Jupiter and Venus also played roles in this performance. It felt like bearing 12 to something close to a miracle. Four minutes later, the eclipse 13 . The sun brightened again. And the clouds 14 violently, swallowing up the moon and the sun and the sky in gray. But for four incredible minutes, the universe seems to have 15 a promise to my mother. 1．A．analysts B．investigators C．astronauts D．observers 2．A． consistent B．amusing C．conflicting D．agreeable 3．A．pessimistic B．confused C．optimistic D．curious 4．A．lose B．delay C．fail D．win 5．A．feed on B．take on C．settle on D．count on 6．A．plan B．lesson C．practice D．skill 7．A．usual B．terrible C．average D．beautiful 8．A．dull B．faint C．weak D．fierce 9．A．disappeared B．struck C．died D．exploded 10．A．colors B．shapes C．circuits D．scenes 11．A．sky B．sun C．moon D．star 12．A．witness B．tolerance C．relation D．reference 13．A．continued B．progressed C．ended D．ticked 14．A．returned B．quit C．left D．faded 15．A．lost focus on B．lived up to C．took account of D．kept track of 语法填空 Passage 7 During the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026-2030), the National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) will launch a series of scientific satellite missions, focusing on major frontiers like 1 origin of the universe and the start of life, officials said at a press conference held on Monday about the latest achievements of China’s space science pilot program. Key missions include the Hongmeng Program, Kuafu-2, an exoplanet (外行星) survey satellite, and an upgraded X-ray space observatory. The Hongmeng Program, 2 (comprise) of 10 satellites forming a radio telescope array (阵列) that will go to the moon’s far side, is designed to capture faint cosmic (宇宙的) signals. The Kuafu-2, 3 stares directly at the sun, will be the first in the world 4 (orbit) above the sun’s polar regions. Since 2011, China’s space science pilot program 5 (launch) eight satellites, including Wukong and Micius, achieving many original 6 (discovery) — some are China’s firsts, and even world firsts. As China’s pilot program to support space science 7 (systematic), it has pushed China’s space research from “following others” 8 “keeping pace” and even “leading” in some fields. Meanwhile, the program has also actively pursued comprehensive, multi-level international cooperation, pioneering new models of global partnership, according to officials from the National Space Science Center. By establishing international scientific teams and 9 (promote) data sharing, China continues to enhance the global influence and 10 (efficient) of its scientific satellites. 读后续写 Passage 8 One Saturday morning, Grandma and I drove to Mrs. Henderson’s Bakery — the oldest one in our small town. Grandma had been wanting their maple nut bread for weeks, and she’d promised to buy me a giant cinnamon (肉桂) roll if I helped her carry the groceries later. The bakery smelled like warm butter and cinnamon as we pushed open the wooden door and the bell above the entrance rang softly. As I leaned against the glass case to look at the giant cinnamon rolls, I noticed a boy standing a few feet away. He was about 10, two or three years younger than I. He had messy blond hair and wore an old blue jacket that was too small for him. His fingers were pressed lightly against the window and his eyes were fixed on a giant cinnamon roll. Every time he breathed, a small cloud of fog formed on the glass. Just then, Mrs. Henderson said to the boy sharply, “Kid, window-shopping is not allowed — we’re busy with orders.” The boy jumped back like he’d been burned, and his face turned red. However, he still glanced at the giant cinnamon roll from time to time. Driven by something in my heart, I walked to the boy. He looked a little frightened at first, but when I asked him if he liked cinnamon rolls, too, he nodded shyly. “Actually, it’s for my little sister,” he said almost in a whisper. “Today is her birthday... and she talked about cinnamon rolls when we walked past the bakery last month. I have saved my pocket money for a month, but I only have $1.25… but a cinnamon roll costs $3.” Seeing Grandma examining freshly baked bread, I thought about the cinnamon roll I had been promised, the one I could almost taste. Then I looked at the boy’s hopeful and worried face. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I knew what I had to do. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ On the drive home, Grandma handed me a warm paper bag. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 主题12 地球与宇宙奥秘探索 01 话题词汇佳句 02 时文热点阅读(全文翻译,词汇积累,长难句分析) 03 高考真题链接 04 话题阅读精练 分类 主题词汇 地球与宇宙奥秘探索 名词 1.alien n.外星人 2.creature n.生物 3. planet n.行星,地球 4．mankind n．人类 5．absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席 6．facility n．设施；设备 7．rocket n．火箭；火箭弹 8．telescope n．望远镜 9．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星 10．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆 11．astronaut n．宇航员，航天员 12．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市 13．spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船 14．spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间 15．gravity n．重力，地球引力 16．solar system太阳系；类太阳系 17．International Space Station 国际空间站 18. witness n.目击,见证;目击者 19．orbit n 轨道；势力范围 20．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果 21．bother n．麻烦，困难 22．universe n．宇宙；天地万物 23．drilling n．钻探；勘探 24．downfall n．衰败 25．giant n．巨人；巨兽；伟人 26．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪 27．astronomy n．天文学 28．crew n．(飞机上的)全体机组人员 29．shuttle n．航天飞机 30．simulator n．模拟装置，模拟器 31．galaxy n．星系 32．particle n．粒子 33．mission n．任务；使命，天职；太空飞行任务34．discipline n．训练，纪律 35．hydrogen n．氢，氢气 36．investigation n．调查 37．substance n．物质 38．microwave n．微波炉；微波 39．administration n．行政部门；管理，行政 40．polestar n．北极星 41．comet n．彗星 42．sphere n．天体 43．constellation n．星座 44．trunk n．树干 45．equator n．赤道 46．fence n．篱笆，栅栏 47．barbecue n．户外烧烤；烤架 48．scenery n．风景；景色 49．freedom n．自由；不受……影响的状态 50．peak n．顶峰；山峰；尖形 51．getaway n．适合度假的地方 52．nest n．巢穴；鸟窝；秘密窝点 53．desert n．沙漠；荒原 54．border n．国界；边界(地区) 55．harbour n．(海)港；港口 56．shore n．岸；滨 57．district n．地区；区域 58．channel n．水渠；海峡 59．frontier n．前沿；边界；前线 60．foundation n．创建；基础；地基 动词 1. exist vi.存在 2. witness v. 目击,见证 3. land vi.&vt.(使)着陆 4．launch vt．发射；发起；上市 5．float vi.飘动；漂流；浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流6．orbit vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行 7．analyz(s)e vt.分析 8．bother v．使烦恼；花费时间精力；打扰 9．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论 10．discipline vt.训练 11．highlight vt.突出；强调；使醒目 12．entitle vt.给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利 13．take sb’s breath away令人惊叹 14．play a part/role in在……中起作用；扮演一个角色 15．dry up 枯竭 16．be native to原产于 17. catch sight of 看见 18．check out调查，检查 19．throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去 20．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害 21．ban vt.明令禁止，取缔；禁止做某事 22．break down使分解(为)，使变化(成) 23．breathe life into给……带来起色，注入活力 24．hatch vt.& vi.孵出；孵卵；孵化 25．disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪26．impact vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 27．track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 28．build up逐渐增加，扩大 29．awe vt.使惊叹，使敬畏 30．intrigue v．激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心 31．experiment vi.做试验，进行实验 32. conclude vt.断定；推断出 形容词 1.mysterious adj.神秘的 2.intelligent adj.聪明的,智商高的 3. unforgettable adj.令人难忘的 4.fantastic adj.奇妙的,极好的 5．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的 6．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 7．incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信 8．high-end adj.高端的 9．lifelike adj.(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的 10．cosmic adj.宇宙的 11．subatomic adj.亚原子的；原子内的 12．nuclear adj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的 13．invisible adj.看不见的 14．unexceptional adj.平常的 15．instantaneously adv.瞬间地 16．uncontrollably adv.控制不住地 17．hazardous adj.有危险的，不安全的 18．geological adj.地质学的 19．creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的；独创的 20．extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 21．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的 22．outspoken adj.直率的；直言的 介词短语 1．on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 佳句背诵 1. So fascinated was I by the beautiful scene of space that I forgot to return to the earth. 我被太空美丽的景色迷住了,以至于我忘记了回到地球。 2. What a wonderful and unforgettable experience it was! 这是一次多么美好和难忘的经历啊! 3. I’ll never forget this fantastic experience. 我永远不会忘记这次奇妙的经历。 4．On 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。 5．There’s evidence that evolution would work the same way everywhere，so it’s actually quite likely that life on other planets would in many ways look like us. 有证据表明进化在任何地方都是一样的，所以其他星球上的生命很可能在很多方面都和我们相似。 6．Soon，it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way. 不久，人们就认识到，太阳只是我们称之为银河系的数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。 7．It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board，providing a continuous human presence in space. 它绕地球运转，搭载了来自不同国家的宇航员，使得人类能够持续在太空中开展工作。 8．Only from the height can we get close to the universe，which requires us to master more knowledge. 只有从高处我们才能接近宇宙，这需要我们掌握更多的知识。 9．Its total land area is 16,808 square kilometres，among which the mountain areas account for 52%. 它的总陆地面积为16 808平方千米，其中山区占52%。 10．The West Lake，with hills on three sides and many beautiful parks around，attracts a large number of visitors at home and abroad. 西湖三面环山，周围有很多美丽的公园，吸引着大量的国内外游客。 Cosmic radiation represents one of the most appealing yet least visible phenomena in our universe. These high-energy particles, traveling at nearly light speed, originate from violent cosmic events such as cosmic explosions and intense solar activities. According to astrophysicist Dimitra Atri, Earth constantly receives these invisible particles from all directions, creating an ongoing cosmic shower that goes through our atmosphere. Earth has developed remarkable natural defenses against this cosmic attack. Our atmosphere absorbs the majority of incoming particles, while the planet’s magnetic field blocks most harmful radiation. Together, these protective systems maintain surface radiation at safe levels. However, this protection weakens with increasing altitude. Residents of high-altitude cities experience nearly double the radiation exposure of those at sea level. The effects of cosmic radiation become particularly noticeable during air travel. While a single cross-country flight exposes passengers to radiation equal to just one chest X-ray — posing minimal health risk — airline crews, due to their regular high-altitude exposure, face significantly higher risks. Research indicates that flight attendants and pilots typically receive more annual radiation than workers in nuclear facilities, potentially increasing their long-term cancer risks. In space, beyond Earth’s protective systems, cosmic radiation presents even greater challenges. The Apollo missions provided concrete evidence of this threat. Long-term space exposure can cause damage to cells, increasing risks of cancer, cataracts, and neurological disorders — a major concern for future Mars missions and long-duration space travel. Scientists employ various methods to study cosmic radiation. While these high-energy particles won’t give humans superpowers as sometimes described in fiction, understanding their behavior is crucial for developing better protection technologies. Current research focuses on protective materials and monitoring systems to safeguard astronauts and frequent flyers. For most individuals on Earth, cosmic radiation poses minimal health risks thanks to our planet’s natural defenses. However, as we venture more frequently into high-altitude travel and space exploration, continued research into cosmic radiation’s effects remains essential for protecting human health in these environments. 全文翻译 宇宙辐射是我们宇宙中最引人入胜却又最难以察觉的现象之一。这些以近乎光速飞行的高能粒子，源于宇宙爆炸和强烈太阳活动等剧烈的宇宙事件。天体物理学家迪米特拉·阿特里表示，地球不断从各个方向接收到这些无形的粒子，形成一场持续不断的宇宙粒子雨，穿透我们的大气层。 地球针对这种宇宙侵袭形成了卓越的自然防御机制。我们的大气层吸收了大部分进入的粒子，而地球的磁场则阻挡了大部分有害辐射。这些保护系统共同作用，使地球表面的辐射维持在安全水平。然而，随着海拔的升高，这种保护作用会减弱。高海拔城市的居民所受到的辐射暴露量几乎是海平面居民的两倍。 在航空旅行中，宇宙辐射的影响尤为明显。虽然一次跨州飞行让乘客受到的辐射量仅相当于一次胸部X光检查——对健康的风险极小——但由于空乘人员和飞行员经常处于高海拔环境，他们面临的风险要高得多。研究表明，空乘人员和飞行员每年受到的辐射通常比核设施工作人员还要多，这可能会增加他们患癌症的长期风险。 在地球保护系统之外的太空中，宇宙辐射带来的挑战更为严峻。阿波罗任务就为这一威胁提供了确凿证据。长期暴露在太空中会对细胞造成损害，增加患癌症、白内障和神经系统疾病的风险——这是未来火星任务和长时间太空旅行的主要担忧。 科学家采用各种方法来研究宇宙辐射。虽然这些高能粒子不会像小说中有时描述的那样赋予人类超能力，但了解它们的行为对于开发更好的防护技术至关重要。目前的研究重点是防护材料和监测系统，以保护宇航员和频繁乘坐飞机的人。 对于地球上的大多数人来说，由于地球的自然防御机制，宇宙辐射对健康的风险极小。然而，随着我们更频繁地进行高海拔旅行和太空探索，持续研究宇宙辐射的影响对于保护人类在这些环境中的健康仍然至关重要。 知识拓展 ①宇宙辐射源：除了文中提到的宇宙爆炸和强烈太阳活动，超新星爆发、黑洞吸积物质等也会产生宇宙辐射。超新星爆发是某些恒星在演化接近末期时经历的剧烈爆炸，释放出极其巨大的能量和大量高能粒子。 ②高海拔地区的应对：为了减少高海拔地区居民所受辐射影响，一些地方会采用特殊的建筑材料来屏蔽部分辐射。例如，某些建筑材料中添加了能吸收辐射的物质。 ③航空业防护措施：航空公司为了保护机组人员，会对飞行航线进行优化，尽量避开辐射较强的区域。同时，也会为机组人员配备辐射监测设备，实时监测他们所受的辐射剂量。 ④太空探索的防护进展：目前，科学家正在研究利用磁场护盾来保护宇航员免受宇宙辐射。磁场护盾可以模拟地球磁场，阻挡大部分高能粒子。此外，也在研发新型的防护材料，如含有特殊元素的复合材料，能更有效地吸收和阻挡辐射。 ⑤最新研究动态：一些研究机构正在进行长期的宇宙辐射监测项目，通过在太空中放置探测器，收集宇宙辐射的数据，以更深入地了解宇宙辐射的特性和变化规律。同时，也在研究宇宙辐射对人体基因的影响，探索如何从基因层面增强人体对辐射的抵抗力。 重点单词 1. ___________v. 代表；为……代言（辩护）；象征，体现；展示，描绘；（尤指不真实地）描述，描写；扮演 2. ____________n. 现象 3. ____________v. 起源 4. ____________ adj. 暴力的 5. ___________ adj.很大的，十分强烈的；严肃紧张的，激烈的；热情的，热切的；专注的，认真的 6. ___________v.吸收；汲取；理解，掌握（信息）；使全神贯注，使专心 7. ___________n. 机组人员 8. ___________ n. 设施 9. ___________v. 维持，保持 10. ___________n. 威胁 【答案】1. represent 2. phenomenon 3. originate 4. violent 5. intense 6. absorb 7. crew 8. facility 9. maintain 10. threat 熟词生义 1．block 熟义：n.大块；街段，街区 文章义：v. ___________________ 2. monitor 熟义：n.显示器，监控器, 班长 文章义： v. ________________ 【答案】1. 阻塞，堵塞（道路、管道等）；遮住（视线）2. 监视；监听 派生词 1. __________n.呼吁，恳求；上诉，申诉；吸引力，感染力 v.呼吁，恳求；上诉，申诉；有吸引力→__________adj.吸引人的，有感染力的；恳求的，可怜的 2. __________ v.探讨，探究；考察，探索；（用手或身体其他部位）探查，仔细检查→__________n. 勘探，勘察；研究，探究 3. __________v.（使）爆炸，（使）爆破；急剧扩大，激增；（情感）迸发，爆发；推翻，破除；爆响，发出巨响；迅速移动 →__________n.爆破，爆炸（声）；激增；爆发，迸发；突发的巨响；某事证实是错误的，推翻 4. __________v.暴露，使显露；使面临，使遭受（危险或不快）；揭露，揭发；接触，体验→__________n. 暴露，接触；曝光，揭发；曝光时间，曝光量 5. __________ v. 参加→__________n. 空乘人员 6. __________n.言论，评述；v.谈论，说起；注意到→__________adj.引人注目的，非凡的 7. __________adj. 重大的，主要的→__________n. 大多数 8. __________n.伤害，损害 v.危害，损害（某事物）；伤害（人或动物）→__________adj. 有害的 9. __________v.保护，防护→__________adj. 保护的，防护的；呵护的，有保护欲的 10．__________ adj. 显而易见的，明显的→__________n. 证据 11．__________ v.行为，表现；起反应，起作用；守规矩，举止得体→__________n. 行为，表现 12. __________adj. 看得见的→__________adj. 看不见的，隐形的；被忽视的，不为人注意的 【答案】1. appeal, appealing 2. explore, exploration 3. explode, explosion 4. expose, exposure 5. attend, attendant 6. remark, remarkable 7. major, majority 8. harm, harmful 9. protect, protective 10. evident, evidence 11. behave, behavior 12. visible, invisible 合成词 1. high+ energy= high – energy adj. _______ 2. cross+ country= cross – country adj. ________ 3. on+ go= ongoing adj. _____________ 4. in+ come= incoming adj. _____________ 【答案】1. 高能的 2. 越野的，横过田野的；横越全国的3. 持续存在的，仍在进行的，不断发展的4. 进来的，到来的； 即将就任的 重点短语 1. at a… speed ______________ 2．___________ 根据…… 3．__________ 进行到底：坚持做某事直到完成 4．__________ 集中 5. ___________ 等同于 【答案】1. 以……速度2.according to 3. go through 4. focus on 5. be equal to 长难句分析 1. According to astrophysicist Dimitra Atri, Earth constantly receives these invisible particles from all directions, creating an ongoing cosmic shower that goes through our atmosphere. 翻译：据天体物理学家迪米特拉·阿特里称，地球不断地从各个方向接收这些无形的粒子，形成一场持续不断的、穿过我们大气层的宇宙粒子雨。 分析：本句中creating an ongoing cosmic shower是 ，其中that goes through our atmosphere是 ，修饰先行词cosmic shower。 【答案】 结果状语,定语从句 （2024年全国新高考Ⅱ卷 A） Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1 — The Natural World With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00 Start Point: Scratoes Bridge Walk Duration: 6 hours Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00 Start Point: Deerpark Car Park Walk Duration: 5 hours Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30 Start Point: The Town Hall Walk Duration: 3 hours Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45 Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration: 1.5 hours 21. Which walk takes the shortest time? A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking. C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. 22. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club. C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide. 23. What do the four walks have in common? A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers. C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend. 【篇章导读】本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival 的四种徒步活动。 21. D 细节题根据四种徒步活动中的Walk Duration可知，持续时间最短的是Walk 4 -- Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest，时长为1.5小时。 22. A 事实细节题根据题干可定位到Walk 3 -- Moonlight Under the Stars，根据A torch(手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark.可知，夜间徒步必须穿着合适的服装。选项A中的proper是文中suitable的同义替换。 23. D 事实细节题根据每个徒步活动的Date and Time可知,它们都安排在周末进行，这是它们的共同点，故选D。 重点单词 1. v. 要求，需要 2. v. 确保 3. adj. 令人惊叹的 4. adj. 热情的，友好的 5. adj. 必不可少的，极其重要的 6. v. 参与，参加 熟词生义 1. promise v. 承诺[此处指的是] 2. introduce ν. 介绍[此处指的是] 3.surface n. 表面[此处指的是] v. 4.permit v. 允许[此处指的是]n. 5.schedule n. 计划，安排表 [此处指的是]v. 派生词 1. begin v. 开始 →__________n. 初学者，生手 2. experience n. & vt. 经历，体验→_______adj. 有经验的，经验丰富的 3. advance n. 前进；预先vi. 前进；进步→______adj. 高级的 4. environment n. 环境→environmental adj. 环保的→________n. 环保主义者 5.inform v. 告诉，通知→_______adj. 提供有用信息的，增长见闻的 6. permit v. 允许→_______n. 允许 7.appropriately adv. 合适地，恰当地→_________adv. 不合适地 8. photography n. 摄影，摄影术→________adj. 摄影的 合成词 1. wood+ land→ n. 林区 重点短语 1.have a passion for ... 2.provide an insight into sth. ____________ 3. . 某人容易得到的; 4.in the presence of sb. 5.be essential for ... 6.introduce sb. to sth. 7. 走出，脱掉 答案: 重点单词: 1.requie 2. ensure 3. breathtaking 4. welcoming 5. essential 6. participate 熟词生义: 1.有……的希望，有……的可能2. 使初次了解/尝试3. 铺设(路面等) 4. 许可证 5. 安排 派生词：1. beginner 2. experienced 3. advanced 4.environmentalist 5.informative 6. permission 7. inappropriately 8. photographic 合成词: 1. woodland 重点短语: 1. 对……热衷2. (使人)深入了解某事物3. (be) accessible to sb 4. 当着某人的面 5. 对……必不可少的6. 使某人初次体验某事物，向某人介绍某事物 7. step out of 阅读理解 Passage 1 【天体宇宙】 We’ve all seen this happen in a science-fiction movie: The super heroes jump into a shaky spaceship and escape the bad guys by flying through the asteroid (小行星) belt, where huge rocks fall and spin so close that the crew has to duck and dive to avoid being broken into pieces. It’s exciting, but it’s wrong: In our solar system, the odds are pretty good that you could stand on the surface of an asteroid and not even be able to see another. Yet they do interact if given enough time. Even in the main asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, crashes are ineluctable. And when two space rocks go “crash” in the main belt, big impacts blow lots of asteroid fragments (碎片) out into space. In many cases, these fragments stay on much the same orbital path as the parent asteroid, although they gradually separate from it because of slight speed differences. After thousands of years, some fragments might be clear across the Sun, but their distance from the Sun and the shape and direction of their orbits remain similar. Such conserved features are collectively called an asteroid’s orbital elements. The groupings sharing orbital elements are identified as “families”, which are named after the largest asteroid in the group. Studying asteroids by focusing on their families can help us make a good guess about what properties a newly-found one has if it belongs to a better-studied family. Care must be taken, though. Some very large asteroids have differentiated materials in the center and on the surface, so confirming those guesses usually requires taking spectra, the time-consuming process of breaking an object’s incoming light into individual colors to reveal its composition. It’s more than a mere academic exercise to find this particular branch of an asteroid family tree: Some asteroids are potentially risky, meaning they could crash with Earth some time in the distant future. If we know how they find their way to the inner solar system from the main belt to pose threats in the first place, we can defend our planet from future worrisome asteroids. 1．What is the author’s view on the scene in the sci-fi movie? A．It goes against the established facts. B．It overstates the super heroes’ role. C．It downplays the special visual effects. D．It fuels people’s interest in the asteroid. 2．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “ineluctable” in paragraph 2? A．Unavoidable. B．Uncommon. C．Incredible. D．Invisible. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The definition of orbital elements. B．The formation of asteroid families. C．The naming rule of asteroid groups. D．The moving pattern of asteroid fragments. 4．What can be inferred about the study of asteroid family? A．It is a high-risk practice. B．It is built on assumptions. C．Its value can’t be overstated. D．Its coverage needs to be expanded. 【答案】5．A 6．A 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科幻电影中关于小行星带的场景与现实不符，并介绍了小行星带中碰撞不可避免、小行星家族的形成、研究小行星家族的意义以及其对地球潜在威胁的防范作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s exciting, but it’s wrong: In our solar system, the odds are pretty good that you could stand on the surface of an asteroid and not even be able to see another. （这很刺激，但这是错误的：在我们的太阳系中，你很有可能站在小行星的表面，却看不到另一颗小行星）”可知，作者认为科幻电影中的场景与事实不符。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Yet they do interact if given enough time. Even in the main asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, crashes are ineluctable. （然而，如果给它们足够的时间，它们确实会相互作用。即使在火星和木星轨道之间的主小行星带，碰撞也是ineluctable）”可知，前文提到小行星之间如果给予足够的时间会相互作用，接着举例说明即使在主小行星带，碰撞也是会发生的，即碰撞是不可避免的。由此可知，划线词ineluctable与A项Unavoidable“不可避免的”意思相近。故选A项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“In many cases, these fragments stay on much the same orbital path as the parent asteroid, although they gradually separate from it because of slight speed differences. After thousands of years, some fragments might be clear across the Sun, but their distance from the Sun and the shape and direction of their orbits remain similar. Such conserved features are collectively called an asteroid’s orbital elements. The groupings sharing orbital elements are identified as ‘families’, which are named after the largest asteroid in the group. （在许多情况下，这些碎片与母小行星保持在大致相同的轨道上，尽管由于速度略有不同，它们会逐渐与母小行星分离。几千年后，一些碎片可能会在太阳的另一侧，但它们与太阳的距离以及轨道的形状和方向仍然相似。这些保存下来的特征统称为小行星的轨道元素。共享轨道元素的星群被确定为‘家族’，以该星群中最大的小行星命名）”可知，本段主要介绍了小行星碎片与母小行星的关系，以及具有相似轨道元素的星群如何形成小行星家族。因此，本段主要讲的是小行星家族的形成。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s more than a mere academic exercise to find this particular branch of an asteroid family tree: Some asteroids are potentially risky, meaning they could crash with Earth some time in the distant future. If we know how they find their way to the inner solar system from the main belt to pose threats in the first place, we can defend our planet from future worrisome asteroids. （找到小行星家谱中的这一特定分支不仅仅是一项学术练习：有些小行星具有潜在风险，这意味着它们可能在遥远的未来与地球相撞。如果我们知道它们是如何从主带进入内太阳系并首先构成威胁的，我们就可以保护我们的星球免受未来令人担忧的小行星的侵害）”可知，研究小行星家族不仅仅是一项学术活动，它对于保护地球免受潜在危险小行星的撞击具有重要意义。因此，研究小行星家族的价值不可估量。故选C项。 Passage 2 【航空航天】 One of the reasons astronomers like to put telescopes in space is that the “seeing” is better. But now they’re facing a great challenge. Alejandro Borlaff and his team at NASA’s Ames Research Centre examined official filings to work out just how many satellites might be in orbit by the next decade. These days, there’re over 9,000 of SpaceX’s Starlink Internet satellites alone. Starlink is burgeoning. Actually, SpaceX has filed paperwork for as many as 42,000 satellites. Others such as One Web and Amazon are also building mega-constellations(巨型星座). In total, Borlaff believes there could be around half a million satellites in low orbits by 2040. His team fed size and orbit data of dozens of planned mega-constellations into a computer simulation (模拟) to work out their impact on major space telescopes, such as Hubble and SPHEREx. Exactly how bothersome the satellites will be depends on factors such as a telescope’s height. The researchers have concluded around a third of Hubble images could be affected. That sounds bad enough, but Hubble gets off lightly. Around 96% of SPHEREx exposures could be affected by streaks (条纹) of sunlight reflected off passing satellites. SpaceX has tried to make its satellites less reflective, though with limited success, notes Borlaff. But business pressures push the opposite way. Starlink’s satellites have grown in size over time to serve more customers and offer higher speeds. Bigger satellites are usually brighter ones. If astronomers know a mega-constellation’s orbits, they can time observations to minimize disturbance. But the solution won’t work well: eventually the sky becomes so crowded that avoidance is impossible. Then what to do? Cheap rockets making mega-constellations possible could also make it easier to launch future space telescopes above the satellites. The James Webb SpaceTelescope (JWST), for instance, is 1.5m km from Earth, far too distant for low-flying satellites to pose a problem. Though flying low can benefit telescopes too, according to Borlaff, especially for agencies lacking NASA’s budget, we may as well try this method. 5．What does the underlined word “burgeoning” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Predicting accurately. B．Behaving properly. C．Connecting smoothly. D．Expanding rapidly. 6．Why are Starlink’s satellites becoming bigger and bigger? A．To lower their reflectivity. B．To enhance their profit value. C．To improve their brightness. D．To monitor their flight height. 7．What does the author express about low-flying telescopes by mentioning the JWST? A．They might be replaced technically. B．They might be cheaper in the future. C．They can be controlled by satellites. D．They can find their own disadvantages. 8．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Solutions to Satellite Disturbance Are Useful B．The Future of Space Exploration Is Uncertain C．Mega-Constellations Can Be Increasing in Orbit D．Satellites Can Affect Astronomical Observations 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．A 8．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了大量低轨卫星快速增多，严重干扰哈勃等太空望远镜的天文观测。虽有规避方案，但效果有限，未来或将望远镜发射至更高轨道以避开干扰。 5．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“These days, there’re over 9, 000 of SpaceX’s Starlink Internet satellites alone.( 如今，仅SpaceX的“星链”互联网卫星就超过9000颗。)”以及“Actually, SpaceX has filed paperwork for as many as 42,000 satellites.( 实际上，SpaceX已提交了多达42000颗卫星的申请文件。)”可知，这表明星链的规模正在迅速扩大。因此“burgeoning”意为“迅速发展，扩张”，和D选项Expanding rapidly“快速扩张”意思相近。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Starlink’s satellites have grown in size over time to serve more customers and offer higher speeds.( 星链卫星的尺寸随着时间推移而增大，以服务更多客户并提供更高的传输速度。)”可知，卫星变大是为了服务更多客户、提供更高网速，核心是提升盈利价值。故选B项。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The James Webb SpaceTelescope (JWST), for instance, is 1. 5m km from Earth, far too distant for low-flying satellites to pose a problem. Though flying low can benefit telescopes too, according to Borlaff, especially for agencies lacking NASA’s budget, we may as well try this method.( 例如，詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）距离地球150万公里，对于低空飞行的卫星来说，这距离太远，不会构成问题。虽然低空飞行对望远镜也有好处，但据博拉夫所说，特别是对于预算不像美国国家航空航天局那么充足的机构而言，我们不妨试试这种方法。)”可推知，JWST发射到更远轨道，避开了低轨卫星干扰，作者借此表明低轨望远镜可通过技术手段（发射至高轨）被替代。故选A项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第四段的“Exactly how bothersome the satellites will be depends on factors such as a telescope’s height. The researchers have concluded around a third of Hubble images could be affected. That sounds bad enough, but Hubble gets off lightly. Around 96% of SPHEREx exposures could be affected by streaks (条纹) of sunlight reflected off passing satellites.(卫星究竟会造成多大干扰，取决于望远镜的高度等因素。研究人员推断，约三分之一的哈勃图像可能会受到影响。这听起来已经很糟糕了，但哈勃已经算是受影响较轻的。约96%的SPHEREx 望远镜拍摄画面，可能会被过境卫星反射的太阳光条纹所干扰)”可知，全文围绕巨型卫星星座对哈勃、SPHEREx等太空望远镜的观测干扰展开，讲述干扰现状、原因与应对思路，核心是卫星影响天文观测。由此可知，这篇文本适合的标题是“卫星会影响天文观测”。故选D项。 Passage 3 阅读七选五 Over the last 60 years, many spacecraft have flown by, orbited and even landed on Mars. But human explorers could work faster and be more flexible than machines. Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone in space exploration. 1 However, it is difficult to survive this adventure. First, a roundtrip to Mars causes many extra health risks. For one thing, floating in microgravity for long periods weakens bones and muscles. For another, it allows fluid to build up in the head. 2 Luckily, artificial gravity machines could help. Then there’s space radiation to worry about. The Earth’s magnetic field protects astronauts near Earth from high-energy cosmic (宇宙的) rays. Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems. 3 This increases the risk of developing the diseases. Taking certain vitamins could reduce the impacts. 4 Since astronauts can’t carry construction materials from Earth, scientists are dreaming up ways for astronauts to use materials on Mars. Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe. A device on NASA’s Perseverance rover is currently laying the groundwork for a future Mars oxygen factory. Planning a trip to Mars isn’t just about keeping astronauts safe. 5 Humans are filled with microbes (微生物). And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars. As a result, a key part of responsible space exploration is making sure Earth bacteria don’t infect other planets. A．Exploring space always comes with risks. B．It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts. C．They can’t restock like astronauts on the space station do. D．On longer journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure. E．That’s why certain nations are interested in dispatching humans to Mars. F．This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications. G．Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony would present numerous challenges. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．D 4．G 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类探索火星所面临的挑战和困难。文章从多个角度分析了人类登陆火星的可能性和难点，包括健康风险、空间辐射、生存条件的建立以及保护火星环境等方面。 1．根据上文“Over the last 60 years, many spacecraft have flown by, orbited and even landed on Mars. But human explorers could work faster and be more flexible than machines. Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone in space exploration. (在过去的60年里，许多航天器飞过火星，绕火星运行，甚至在火星上着陆。但人类探险者可以比机器工作得更快，更灵活。踏上火星将是太空探索的一个重要里程碑。)”可知，上文是解释为什么某些国家有兴趣将人类送往火星，本空应对此进行总结，E选项“That’s why certain nations are interested in dispatching humans to Mars. (这就是为什么某些国家有兴趣将人类送往火星。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 2．根据上文“For another, it allows fluid to build up in the head. (另一方面，它会导致液体在头部积聚。)”可知，长时间在微重力环境下会导致头部积液，本空应继续解释这种现象导致的健康后果，F选项“This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications. (这可能会导致眼睛压力增加，并导致视力并发症。)”说明了头部积液可能导致的视力问题，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 3．根据上文“Then there’s space radiation to worry about. The Earth’s magnetic field protects astronauts near Earth from high-energy cosmic (宇宙的) rays. Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems.  (然后还有空间辐射要担心。地球磁场保护地球附近的宇航员免受高能宇宙射线的伤害。这些宇宙射线可能会增加患癌症和其他健康问题的风险。)”可知，宇宙射线可能增加癌症和其他健康问题的风险，本空继续谈论这种暴露对于宇航员的影响，D选项“On longer journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure. (在长途旅行中，宇航员将面临长时间的暴露。)”正好说明了在更长的旅程中，宇航员会面临更长时间的暴露在宇宙射线中，这增加了患病的风险，能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。 4．根据下文“Since astronauts can’t carry construction materials from Earth, scientists are dreaming up ways for astronauts to use materials on Mars. Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe. A device on NASA’s Perseverance rover is currently laying the groundwork for a future Mars oxygen factory. (由于宇航员无法从地球上携带建筑材料，科学家们正在想方设法让宇航员在火星上使用材料。长期游客也需要大量的氧气来呼吸。美国宇航局‘毅力号’探测器上的一个设备目前正在为未来的火星氧气工厂奠定基础。)”可知，下文是具体解释在火星定居地建立和生存将面临的许多具体的挑战，G选项“Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony would present numerous challenges. (在火星定居地建立和生存将面临诸多挑战。)”概括了在火星建立和生存的挑战，能引出下文，符合题意。故选G。 5．根据下文“Humans are filled with microbes (微生物) . And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars. As a result, a key part of responsible space exploration is making sure Earth bacteria don’t infect other planets. (人类体内充满了微生物。传播这些微生物可能会对寻找火星上的生命造成不利影响。因此，负责任的太空探索的一个关键部分是确保地球上的细菌不会感染其他行星。)”可知，本空要引出后文宇航员可能给火星带来的不好的影响，B选项“It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts. (它还涉及保护火星免受宇航员的伤害。)”说明了除了保护宇航员外，还需要保护火星不受宇航员的影响，即避免地球微生物污染火星，能引出下文，符合题意。故选B。 完形填空 Passage 5 Mauna Loa in Hawaii is among the world’s most active volcanoes. However, this 1 spot is an ideal place for simulating (模拟) a space mission to Mars. The site was chosen because it is relatively remote and 2 to the conditions on Mars. The red planet has large volcanoes that are geologic cousins to Mauna Loa. 3 , six scientists were housed near the volcano in a small white dome (圆顶屋) for an 8-month experiment, the 4 of which was to 5 information on how lengthy Mars missions could psychologically affect astronauts. The six scientists closed themselves off from the outside world in order to study what 6 on Mars would be like. Their task was to see how isolation affects the social aspects of explorers who might one day 7 the red planet. Conditions on Mars are tough, so the six had to manage without many of life’s 8 , like fresh fruit and unlimited water. Leaving the habitat involved 9 heavy suits similar to those being designed for Mars astronauts and waiting 5 minutes in an “airlock” to simulate how the air pressure drops. They only left the dome once a week to 10 field studies that would happen during a Mars mission. Outside, there was a lot to explore — lava flows, caves, and igneous rock. The 11 were a particularly attractive destination. In an article, a participant noted her crew explored more than 100 caves. In one particular cave, she detailed the 12 that came from exploring finger-shaped rock formations. “We have examined the rock more closely, and 13 a suitable shelter for a possible evacuation (撤离) from the dome,” she wrote. “On Mars this kind of lava tube (熔岩管) is hoped to provide shelter to astronauts from the 14 space radiation during a solar storm.” The research findings are expected to have considerable 15 on decisions when putting astronauts for future missions to Mars. 1．A．uncertain B．unimportant C．unnecessary D．unlikely 2．A．vital B．linked C．similar D．beneficial 3．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．However D．Still 4．A．cause B．objective C．result D．challenge 5．A．send B．store C．change D．download 6．A．weather B．water C．life D．volcanoes 7．A．inhabit B．pollute C．picture D．map 8．A．skills B．fortunes C．tools D．luxuries 9．A．protecting B．locating C．carrying D．wearing 10．A．keep an eye on B．carry out C．break off D．call off 11．A．shelters B．rocks C．caves D．domes 12．A．relief B．excitement C．fear D．peace 13．A．decorated B．built C．destroyed D．found 14．A．harmful B．random C．mysterious D．unexpected 15．A．limitations B．pressure C．influence D．control 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍夏威夷冒纳罗亚火山因环境酷似火星，被用于模拟火星任务实验，科学家在此模拟火星生活，为未来载人探火任务提供研究依据。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个看似不太可能的地方却是模拟火星太空任务的理想地点。A. uncertain不确定的；B. unimportant不重要的；C. unnecessary不必要的；D. unlikely不太可能的。根据前文“Mauna Loa is among the world’s most active volcanoes”可知，活跃火山本不适合科研，因此是不太可能的地点。故选D项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该地点被选中是因为它位置偏远，且与火星环境相似。A. vital至关重要的；B. linked相关的；C. similar相似的；D. beneficial有益的。根据后文“The red planet has large volcanoes that are geologic cousins to Mauna Loa”可知，这里指两地地质环境相似。故选C项。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，六名科学家被安置在火山附近的白色小圆顶屋内，进行为期8个月的实验，其目的是收集关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. However然而；D. Still仍然。根据前文“The red planet has large volcanoes that are geologic cousins to Mauna Loa”描述Mauna Loa适合模拟火星环境，因此开展实验，前后为因果关系，therefore符合语境。故选A项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，六名科学家被安置在火山附近的白色小圆顶屋内，进行为期8个月的实验，其目的是收集关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息。A. cause原因；B. objective目的；C. result结果；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“to study what life on Mars would be like”以及语境可知，此处指实验的目标。故选B项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，六名科学家被安置在火山附近的白色小圆顶屋内，进行为期8个月的实验，其目的是保存关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息。A. send发送；B. store储存，收集；C. change改变；D. download下载。根据后文“how lengthy Mars missions could psychologically affect astronauts”以及语境可知，实验是为了收集关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息，store符合语境。故选B项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这六名科学家与外界隔绝，以研究火星上的生活会是什么样子。A. weather天气；B. water水源；C. life生活；D. volcanoes火山。根据后文“how isolation affects the social aspects of explorers”以及语境可知，这里指科学家在模拟火星生活。故选C项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的任务是观察隔离会如何影响未来可能居住火星的探险者的社交状况。A. inhabit居住；B. pollute污染；C. picture想象；D. map绘制地图。根据前文“space mission to Mars”可知，这里指研究对象是未来将居住火星的探险者，inhabit符合语境。故选A项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：火星环境恶劣，所以六人必须在没有许多生活奢享品的条件下生活，比如新鲜水果和无限供水。A. skill 技能；B. fortunes财富；C. tools工具；D. luxuries奢享品。根据后文“fresh fruit and unlimited water”以及常识可知，这些在太空中属于稀缺奢享品。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：离开栖息地需要穿上与为火星宇航员设计的宇航服类似的厚重防护服，并在“气闸舱”内等候5分钟，以模拟气压下降的过程。A. protecting保护；B. locating定位；C. carrying携带；D. wearing穿着。根据后文“heavy suits”以及语境可知，这里指穿戴厚重防护服。故选D项。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们每周只离开圆顶屋一次，去执行火星任务期间会进行的实地研究。A. keep an eye on留意；B. carry out执行；C. break off中断；D. call off取消。根据后文“field studies that would happen during a Mars mission”以及语境可知，这里指开展地研究的任务，carry out符合语境。故选B项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些洞穴是特别吸引人的目的地。A. shelters庇护所；B. rocks岩石；C. caves洞穴；D. domes圆顶屋。根据后文“her crew explored more than 100 caves”可知，这里指洞穴很吸引人，caves是原词复现。故选C项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个特别洞穴里，她详细描述了探索指状岩层所带来的兴奋感。A. relief宽慰；B. excitement兴奋；C. fear恐惧；D. peace平静。根据前文“ 　　　 were a particularly attractive destination”可知，这里指探索她带来了兴奋。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们更仔细地检查了岩石，并找到了一个适合从圆顶屋撤离的庇护所。A. decorated装饰；B. built建造；C. destroyed破坏；D. found找到。根据后文“a suitable shelter for a possible evacuation”以及语境可知，这里指发现了适合从圆顶屋撤离的庇护所。故选D项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在火星上，这种熔岩管有望为宇航员提供庇护，躲避太阳风暴期间有害的太空辐射。A. harmful有害的；B. random随机的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. unexpected意外的。根据后文“space radiation during a solar storm”以及常识可知，辐射是有害的，harmful符合语境。故选A项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项研究结果预计会对未来派遣宇航员执行火星任务的决策产生重大影响。A. limitations限制；B. pressure压力；C. influence影响；D. control控制。根据前文“to 　　　 information on how lengthy Mars missions could psychologically affect astronauts.”描述实验目的是为火星任务提供依据可知，所以这里指结果会影响决策，influence符合语境。故选C项。 Passage 6 Six years as a space reporter taught me that chaos rules everything. Nothing is completely predictable or controlled. I have watched enough go wrong to know that no view of a celestial (天空的) event is ever truly promised to us 1 on the Earth. So when my mother and I decided to drive out to Erie, Pennsylvania, to see the April 8 total solar eclipse (日全食) this year, I knew this would be a trip of two 2 attitudes. I’d be 3 about the weather and convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world while my mom would have strong faith that order would 4 and the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives. I told her not to 5 the universe for this one; she told me she wouldn’t depend on anything else. I was once again humbled into a 6 I’ve learned time and time again — Mama knows best. Erie’s forecast that morning was looking 7 , but by the time first contact between the sun and the moon began a little after 2 p.m., the clouds over the city’s bay began to clear. The pale yellow sun under the eclipse lenses rapidly crested (达到顶峰), concentrating into a 8 orange glow. The eclipse 9 at 3:16 p.m. A thin white glow pierced out from the edge of a clean black circle. The sunset-like 10 glowed and bloomed in the distance. I could spot solar prominences (日珥) sticking out from the sides of the 11 in slightly bright red and pink. Jupiter and Venus also played roles in this performance. It felt like bearing 12 to something close to a miracle. Four minutes later, the eclipse 13 . The sun brightened again. And the clouds 14 violently, swallowing up the moon and the sun and the sky in gray. But for four incredible minutes, the universe seems to have 15 a promise to my mother. 1．A．analysts B．investigators C．astronauts D．observers 2．A． consistent B．amusing C．conflicting D．agreeable 3．A．pessimistic B．confused C．optimistic D．curious 4．A．lose B．delay C．fail D．win 5．A．feed on B．take on C．settle on D．count on 6．A．plan B．lesson C．practice D．skill 7．A．usual B．terrible C．average D．beautiful 8．A．dull B．faint C．weak D．fierce 9．A．disappeared B．struck C．died D．exploded 10．A．colors B．shapes C．circuits D．scenes 11．A．sky B．sun C．moon D．star 12．A．witness B．tolerance C．relation D．reference 13．A．continued B．progressed C．ended D．ticked 14．A．returned B．quit C．left D．faded 15．A．lost focus on B．lived up to C．took account of D．kept track of 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和母亲去看日全食，经历天气变化最终见证奇迹的故事。1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经看够了出问题的情况，知道对于地球上的观察者来说，没有哪次天象观测是真正有保证的。A. analysts分析者；B. investigators调查员；C. astronauts宇航员；D. observers观察者。根据前文“I have watched enough go wrong to know that no view of a celestial (天空的) event is ever truly promised to us”可知，这里说的是观测天象的人，即观察者，故选D。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以当我和妈妈决定开车去宾夕法尼亚州的伊利看今年4月8日的日全食时，我知道这将是一次两种冲突态度的旅行。A. consistent一致的；B. amusing有趣的；C. conflicting冲突的；D. agreeable令人愉快的。根据后文“I’d be ____ about the weather and convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world while my mom would have strong faith that order would ____ and the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives.”可知，作者和母亲态度不同，有冲突，故选C。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我会对天气感到悲观，并确信我们会成为统治世界的随机性的受害者，而我妈妈会坚信秩序会获胜，天空会让我们第一次瞥见这样的日食。A. pessimistic悲观的；B. confused困惑的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world”可知，作者态度悲观，故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. lose失去；B. delay延迟；C. fail失败；D. win获胜。根据后文“the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives”可知，母亲坚信秩序会获胜，预报的日全食会如约而来，故选D。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我告诉她不要指望宇宙会实现这个愿望；她告诉我她不会依赖其他任何东西。A. feed on以……为食；B. take on承担；C. settle on选定；D. count on指望。根据后文“she told me she wouldn’t depend on anything else.”可知，作者让母亲不要指望宇宙，depend on与 count on为近义词，故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我又一次谦卑地接受了一个我一次又一次学到的教训——妈妈总是对的。A. plan计划；B. lesson教训；C. practice练习；D. skill技能。根据后文“Mama knows best”可知，这是作者从中学到的道理，学到的教训，故选B。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天早上伊利的天气预报看起来很糟糕，但下午2点过后不久，当太阳和月亮第一次接触开始时，城市海湾上空的云层开始消散。A. usual通常的；B. terrible糟糕的；C. average平均的；D. beautiful美丽的。根据后文“but by the time first contact between the sun and the moon began a little after 2 p.m., the clouds over the city’s bay began to clear.”可知，转折后表示乌云开始消散，天气转晴，由此推断前面应该是当地气象局预报天气不好，故选B。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：日食镜片下的淡黄色太阳迅速达到顶峰，集中成强烈的橙色光芒。A. dull迟钝的；B. faint微弱的；C. weak虚弱的；D. fierce强烈的。根据前文“The pale yellow sun under the eclipse lenses rapidly crested (达到顶峰)”，太阳达到顶峰，光芒强烈，故选D。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：日食在下午3点16分发生。A. disappeared消失；B. struck打击，（疾病、灾难等）侵袭；C. died死亡；D. exploded爆炸。根据后文“A thin white glow pierced out from the edge of a clean black circle.”可知，日食发生，太阳出现变化，strike有“发生（某种情况）”之意，符合语境，故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：像日落一样的颜色在远处发光并绽放。A. colors颜色；B. shapes形状；C. circuits电路；D. scenes场景。根据后文“I could spot solar prominences (日珥) sticking out from the sides of the ____ in slightly bright red and pink.”可知，这里说的是天空呈现的颜色，即像日落一样的颜色，故选A。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我可以看到从太阳两侧伸出的日珥，呈微亮的红色和粉色。A. sky天空；B. sun太阳；C. moon月亮；D. star星星。根据前文“I could spot solar prominences (日珥) sticking out from the sides”可知，日珥是从太阳两侧伸出的，故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：感觉就像见证了接近奇迹的东西。A. witness见证；B. tolerance容忍；C. relation关系；D. reference参考。根据后文“something close to a miracle”可知，作者看到了日食的景象，感觉像见证了奇迹，故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：四分钟后，日食结束了。A. continued继续；B. progressed进展；C. ended结束；D. ticked滴答作响。根据后文“The sun brightened again.”可知，太阳再次变亮，日食结束了，故选C。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：云层剧烈地回来，把月亮、太阳和天空都吞没在灰色中。A. returned回来；B. quit退出；C. left离开；D. faded褪色。根据前文“but by the time first contact between the sun and the moon began a little after 2 p.m., the clouds over the city’s bay began to clear.”和后文“swallowing up the moon and the sun and the sky in gray”可知，日食现象发生前是有云的，只是突然散去，太阳月亮出现，并发生了日食，而此处日食结束，云层又回来了，遮蔽了天空。故选A。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但在令人难以置信的四分钟里，宇宙似乎兑现了对我母亲的承诺。A. lost focus on失去对……的关注；B. lived up to不辜负，兑现；C. took account of考虑到；D. kept track of记录。根据前文“while my mom would have strong faith that order would ____ and the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives.”和后文“a promise to my mother.”可知，前文提及母亲坚信天空会让他们看到日全食，结果真地目睹了日全食的全过程，即宇宙似乎兑现了让母亲看到日食的承诺，故选B。 语法填空 Passage 7 During the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026-2030), the National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) will launch a series of scientific satellite missions, focusing on major frontiers like 1 origin of the universe and the start of life, officials said at a press conference held on Monday about the latest achievements of China’s space science pilot program. Key missions include the Hongmeng Program, Kuafu-2, an exoplanet (外行星) survey satellite, and an upgraded X-ray space observatory. The Hongmeng Program, 2 (comprise) of 10 satellites forming a radio telescope array (阵列) that will go to the moon’s far side, is designed to capture faint cosmic (宇宙的) signals. The Kuafu-2, 3 stares directly at the sun, will be the first in the world 4 (orbit) above the sun’s polar regions. Since 2011, China’s space science pilot program 5 (launch) eight satellites, including Wukong and Micius, achieving many original 6 (discovery) — some are China’s firsts, and even world firsts. As China’s pilot program to support space science 7 (systematic), it has pushed China’s space research from “following others” 8 “keeping pace” and even “leading” in some fields. Meanwhile, the program has also actively pursued comprehensive, multi-level international cooperation, pioneering new models of global partnership, according to officials from the National Space Science Center. By establishing international scientific teams and 9 (promote) data sharing, China continues to enhance the global influence and 10 (efficient) of its scientific satellites. 【答案】1．the 2．comprised 3．which 4．to orbit 5．has launched 6．discoveries 7．systematically 8．to 9．promoting 10．efficiency 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是中国科学院国家空间科学中心在发布会上介绍“十五五”期间将实施的一系列空间科学卫星计划，以及我国空间科学先导专项已取得的成果与国际合作情况。 1．考查冠词。句意：中国科学院国家空间科学中心官员在周一举行的一场新闻发布会上表示，在“十五五”规划期间（2026—2030 年），该中心将发射一系列科学卫星任务，重点聚焦宇宙起源与生命起源等重大前沿领域。此次发布会介绍了中国空间科学先导专项的最新成果。此处特指“宇宙的起源”，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：“鸿蒙计划”由10颗卫星组成射电望远镜阵列，将部署至月球背面，旨在捕捉微弱的宇宙信号。此空考查非谓语，The Hongmeng Program与comprise为被动关系，再由语境可知，此处用过去分词作后置定语。故填comprised。 3．考查定语从句。句意：夸父二号将直接对太阳进行观测，它将成为世界上首个在太阳极区上空运行的探测器。此空考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为Kuafu-2，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：夸父二号将直接对太阳进行观测，它将成为世界上首个在太阳极区上空运行的探测器。分析句子结构可知，序数词后常用不定式作后置定语。故填to orbit。 5．考查时态。句意：自2011年以来，中国空间科学先导专项已成功发射8颗卫星，包括“悟空”号和“墨子”号，取得了多项原创性发现 —— 其中部分是中国首次，甚至是世界首次。此空考查谓语动词，China’s space science pilot program与launch为主动关系，since为现在完成时标志，主语program为单数。故填has launched。 6．考查名词复数。句意：自2011年以来，中国空间科学先导专项已成功发射八颗卫星，包括 “悟空”号和“墨子”号，取得了多项原创性发现 —— 其中部分是中国首次，甚至是世界首次。many后接可数名词复数。故填discoveries。 7．考查副词。句意：作为我国支持空间科学系统性发展的先导专项，它推动中国空间研究从 “跟跑”转向“并跑”，在部分领域甚至实现“领跑”。此处修饰动词support，应用副词形式systematically，表示“系统性地”，符合语境。故填systematically。 8．考查介词。句意：作为我国支持空间科学系统性发展的先导专项，它推动中国空间研究从 “跟跑”转向“并跑”，在部分领域甚至实现“领跑”。此处考查固定搭配from...to...，表示“从……到”，符合语境。故填to。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过组建国际科研团队、推动数据共享，中国持续提升其科学卫星的全球影响力与使用效能。分析句子结构可知，and连接并列结构，前面为establishing，此处应用动名词形式promoting。故填promoting。 10．考查名词。句意：通过组建国际科研团队、推动数据共享，中国持续提升其科学卫星的全球影响力与使用效能。分析句子结构可知，and连接并列名词，influence为名词，此处应用efficiency“效能”，为不可数名词。故填efficiency。 读后续写 Passage 8 One Saturday morning, Grandma and I drove to Mrs. Henderson’s Bakery — the oldest one in our small town. Grandma had been wanting their maple nut bread for weeks, and she’d promised to buy me a giant cinnamon (肉桂) roll if I helped her carry the groceries later. The bakery smelled like warm butter and cinnamon as we pushed open the wooden door and the bell above the entrance rang softly. As I leaned against the glass case to look at the giant cinnamon rolls, I noticed a boy standing a few feet away. He was about 10, two or three years younger than I. He had messy blond hair and wore an old blue jacket that was too small for him. His fingers were pressed lightly against the window and his eyes were fixed on a giant cinnamon roll. Every time he breathed, a small cloud of fog formed on the glass. Just then, Mrs. Henderson said to the boy sharply, “Kid, window-shopping is not allowed — we’re busy with orders.” The boy jumped back like he’d been burned, and his face turned red. However, he still glanced at the giant cinnamon roll from time to time. Driven by something in my heart, I walked to the boy. He looked a little frightened at first, but when I asked him if he liked cinnamon rolls, too, he nodded shyly. “Actually, it’s for my little sister,” he said almost in a whisper. “Today is her birthday... and she talked about cinnamon rolls when we walked past the bakery last month. I have saved my pocket money for a month, but I only have $1.25… but a cinnamon roll costs $3.” Seeing Grandma examining freshly baked bread, I thought about the cinnamon roll I had been promised, the one I could almost taste. Then I looked at the boy’s hopeful and worried face. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I knew what I had to do. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ On the drive home, Grandma handed me a warm paper bag. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】   I knew what I had to do. I approached Grandma, quietly explained the boy’s situation, and suggested giving my cinnamon roll to the boy. Grandma agreed immediately. When I handed the carefully wrapped cinnamon roll to the boy and told him it was for his sister, he looked surprised, but then handed me his coins before accepting it. I took them but secretly slipped them into his jacket pocket afterwards. The boy repeatedly thanked us before leaving, clutching the precious gift for his sister. On the drive home, Grandma handed me a warm paper bag. To my surprise and delight, it contained a fresh giant cinnamon roll. Grandma explained she had secretly bought it as a reward for my compassion. Taking the first bite, I felt the flavor seemed even more wonderful than I had imagined. Grandma told me that kindness not only brings joy to other but often returns to bless the giver in some way. I made a silent commitment that would always drive me to look for opportunities to help those in need. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个周六早上，作者和奶奶去面包店，看到一个小男孩想给妹妹买生日肉桂卷却钱不够。作者主动把奶奶答应给自己的肉桂卷送给了他，最后奶奶又悄悄给作者买了一个作为善良的奖励。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我知道我该怎么做”可知，第一段可描写作者在征得祖母的同意后把肉桂卷送给男孩，以及男孩的反应。 ②由第二段首句内容“在开车回家的路上，奶奶递给我一个温暖的纸袋。”可知，第二段可描写奶奶又悄悄给作者买了一个作为善良的奖励。 2. 续写线索：向奶奶说明情况——获奶奶同意——赠送肉桂卷给男孩——男孩感激离开——乘车回家——奶奶赠予新肉桂卷——品尝美味——领悟善意的真谛 3.词汇激活 行为类 1 解释：explain/expound on 2 建议：suggest/propose 3 递给：hand/pass 情绪类①感到惊讶的：surprised /astonished②快乐：delight / elation/joy 【点睛】【高分句型1】The boy repeatedly thanked us before leaving, clutching the precious gift for his sister. (运用了现在分词作状语) 【高分句型2】I made a silent commitment that would always drive me to look for opportunities to help those in need. (运用了关系代词that引导的定语从句修饰先行词commitment） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $