Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Using language-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册教师用书word（外研版）

Section Ⅲ　Using language

 

语法项目——动词不定式作定语和结果状语

 

语境中体悟

Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve ①. One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. Will scientists figure out a way to store sufficient food and water② for the long journey？Is it possible to travel faster than light？No one knows the answers yet. However，space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so that the food is sufficient enough  to support the long journeys③  through space.

[语法入门]

句①中不定式作定语，修饰an easy goal。

句②中不定式短语作定语，修饰a way。

句③中不定式短语作结果状语。

 

学案中理清

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保留动词的某些特点，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、定语和状语。本单元重点讲解动词不定式作定语和结果状语的用法。

一、动词不定式作定语　

动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词后面，表示还未发生的动作，与名词之间常有一定的逻辑关系。

1．常见用法规则

[先感知]

① When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino (犀牛) to be born at the reserve.

②Believe it or not, I am the only one to hear the news.

③Alan was the youngest student to win the prize.

④Fearful that he might have an intention to harm her, Helen started to run.

⑤I don't trust his promise to come for a visit.

⑥He said he had no plans to go there.

⑦The old man made an attempt to stand up.

⑧The human brain has potential yet to be developed.

⑨He has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting.

⑩Give him something to eat.

[会发现]

以上各句中动词不定式(短语)皆作后置定语。其中，句①②③被动词不定式短语修饰的名词(词组)分别是：the_40th_black_rhino,_the_only_one,_the_youngest_student；句④⑤⑥⑦被动词不定式短语修饰的名词分别是：intention，promise，plans，attempt；句⑧⑨⑩被动词不定式(短语)修饰的名词分别是：potential,_way,_something。

 

[明规则]

(1)当中心词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only/the last/the next等修饰时，常用不定式作定语。

(2)有些动词常跟不定式作宾语，而这些动词的同源名词也常跟不定式作定语。常见的这类名词有wish, decision, determination, refusal，intention,  arrangement, agreement, hope, need, plan, promise, failure, attempt, offer等。

(3)动词不定式常常放在某些抽象名词，如plan，way, chance, place, desire, effort, ability, time, opportunity, reason, potential, freedom等或不定代词后面作定语。

2．与所修饰词之间的逻辑关系

[先感知]

①We must find a person to do the work.

②He has a lot of books to read.

③The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.

④The man to give us a lecture is a senior expert.

⑤I have an essay to complete within this month.

⑥He is a good fellow to work with.

[会发现]

以上句子中动词不定式与所修饰的词之间概括为逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。

[明规则]

(1)动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词后面，通常与该名词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。

(2)当动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时，如果该不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后需要加上适当的介词。

[对点练]　(单句语法填空)

①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Gunter's kindness had turned a potentially disastrous evening into a memorable story I would cherish for years to_come (come)．

②Four years later, she was the first African American woman to_receive (receive) a medical degree.

③(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to_use (use)more of what we're already growing.

④The competition to_be_held (hold) in our school stadium next Friday will begin at 2 p．m. and last for about 3 hours.

 

二、动词不定式作结果状语　

1．常用于特定结构中

[先感知]

①Is this bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries?

②During the earthquake, you should keep calm and never be too nervous to know what to do.

③The scenery is so beautiful as to attract many people here.

④She is self-confident enough to never feel nervous when giving a speech.

[会发现]

以上句子中动词不定式都作状语，表示结果。

[明规则]

动词不定式作结果状语时，常用于一些特定的结构中：

too ...to do ...　　　　 ……而不能做……

so/such ...as to do ...   此……以至于做……

enough ...to do ...   够……做……

2．一般表示意料之外的结果

[先感知]

①Tom hurried to the station, only to be told that the train had left.

②Yesterday I went to see her only to learn that she had gone abroad a week before.

③The traveler looked up suddenly to find a leopard in the tree.

④He left his hometown when he was ten, now to return.

[会发现]

以上句子中动词不定式都作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果。其中句①②③也表示不好的结果。