Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Using language-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册教师用书word（外研版）

Section Ⅲ　Using language

语法项目——情态动词(2)

语境中体悟

Today, a new student came to our class and our teacher let him sit next to me. He smiled at me when he sat down. I thought to myself he couldn't be difficult to get along with. When having English class, I noticed that he kept frowning. He may lose to catch what the teacher said. After class, I told him I could help him with his English after school. He must be surprised at my words, for it took him a few minutes to make a response.

[语法入门]

加黑部分的情态动词都表示推测，其中must的语气最为肯定，may的语气较弱，couldn't表示否定推测，否定语气强烈。

 

 

学案中理清

一、情态动词表示推测的用法　

[先感知]

①(教材典句)The children must have been very excited as they opened it.

②You can't be hungry, for you had lunch only two hours ago.

③He couldn't have watched TV yesterday, for he knew he would have an exam.

④(教材典句)Who could it be from?

⑤The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.

⑥(教材典句)．.. they might not receive their presents if they were not good.

[会发现]

(1)must表示推测时只用于肯定句中，句①中的must have done表示对过去的推测。

(2)can/could也可以用来表示推测，在否定句中用来代替must。句②和句③中的can't和couldn't表示“不可能”，句④中的could表示“可能”，注意此时could不能表示对过去的推测，could_have_done才能表示对过去的推测。

(3)may和might表示推测时语气较弱，且might相比may语气更为不确定。

[明规则]

1．表示推测的基本用法

①must只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定；必定”，否定句中要用can/could。

②can/could用于疑问句中，意为“可能”；用于否定句中，意为“不可能”，语气强烈。

③may/might用于肯定句中表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。

2．表示对现在的推测用“情态动词＋do”，表示对过去的推测用“情态动词＋have done”。

3．表示推测时，must的语气最强烈，can/could not表示否定推测，否定语气强烈， may的语气较弱，might的语气最不确定。

4．might和could均可表示“可能性”，在肯定句中二者意思相近，用于否定句时二者含义不同，could not＝can not，表示“不可能”，语气强烈。

5．should也可以表示推测，且常表示有依据或有前提的推测，意为“按说应该……”，语气仅弱于must。 如：

It is already 10 o'clock now. They should be there.

现在已经十点了。他们按说应该到了。

[对点练]　(用适当的情态动词或所给单词的适当形式填空)

①—It must be John who is in the office.

—No, it can't be him. I saw him off at the airport half an hour ago.

②(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)You may know the “feel-good”emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.

③—Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.

—Well, he can't have gone far — his coat is still here.

④Mr Smith is on time for everything. How can/could it be that he was late for the important meeting?

⑤He must have_completed (complete) his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside.

二、“情态动词＋have done”的含义和用法　

[先感知]

①He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he could have expressed it differently.

②What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he should have done better.

③You shouldn't have scolded him for his poor performance.After all, he had done his best.

④We needn't have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.

 

[会发现]

句①中的could have done表示本来能够做但实际上却未做，句②中的should have done表示本来应该做但实际上未做，句③中的shouldn't have done表示本来不应该做而实际上做了，句④中的needn't have done表示本来没必要做而实际上做了。

 

[明规则]

 

[对点练]　(用“情态动词＋have done”完成句子)

①It must_have_rained last night, for the road is all wet.

昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为路还湿着。

②(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met, there are common themes in their works.

虽然他们可能从未见过面，但他们的作品里有一些共同的主题。

③I have one regret: I should_have_taken more advanced classes.

我有一个遗憾：我本应该学一些更高级的课程。

④It turned out that the hotel was so near. I_needn't_have_taken_the_taxi.

结果证明这家宾馆非常近。我本不必乘坐出租车。

 

应用中融通

Ⅰ.选词填空

1．Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they may just be quiet people.(must, may)

2．—I can't find my purse anywhere.

—You may have lost it while shopping.(may, can)

3．He paid for a seat, when he could have entered free.(could, would)

4．“That must be a mistake.” “No, it can't be a mistake.”(can't, mustn't)

5．I thought you might like something to read, so I have brought you some books.(might, could)