Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Using language-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册教师用书word（外研版）

Section Ⅲ　Using language

语法项目——情态动词(1)

语境中体悟

After several weeks of learning in senior high school, Li Qing is able to adjust himself to the new school life. In classes, he has to focus his mind on his teachers, or he can't grasp what his teachers have taught. Meanwhile, his teachers often tell him that he had better balance his study and play. He needn't stay up to do his homework. However, I dare say he is going to find himself growing into a well-rounded individual.

[语法入门]

①黑体词汇都是情态动词，它们后面都接动词原形。

②情态动词一般无人称和数的变化。can和dare有时态变化，be able to和have to有人称和时态的变化。

③构成否定句时，not放在情态动词后面。

 

学案中理清

情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，本身具有一定的词义，不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词(除be able to和have to之外)一般无人称和数的变化，个别情态动词(can, dare等)有现在时和过去时两种时态变化。

一、be able to的用法　

be able to意为“能够”，后接动词原形，表示某人做某事的能力，be动词有时态、人称和数的变化。

1．be able to强调通过努力而获得的能力或一种结果。

2．be able to 可用于各种时态，也可用在may, might, want等词后。

3．be able to表示“能力”时，和can的用法相似。但也有区别：

(1)be able to有多种时态形式， 而can只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态，即can和could。

(2)be able to强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can则强调自身已具有的能力。

He will be able to sing this song in English in a few minutes, too.

几分钟之后，他也能用英语唱这首歌。

She can sing the song in English.

她能用英语唱这首歌。

(3)be able to 强调一种结果，而can只强调一种可能。

Luckily, he was able to escape from the big fire in the end.

幸运的是，他最终从大火中逃了出来。

We can eat in a restaurant, if you like.

如果你愿意，我们可以去餐馆吃饭。

[对点练]　(选词填空：can, be able to)

①(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.

②(2024·浙江1月高考)After that, she tried to see if she could complete her first lap (圈)．

③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I can't wait to show you my creation in person and perhaps we can enjoy a similar experience together.

④Father spent hours talking to him.At last he was_able_to drop the silly idea.

 

二、have to的用法　

have to 意为“不得不，必须”， 后跟动词原形，have to可用于各种时态中，强调客观需要。

1．have to的陈述句形式

(1)肯定式：have/has to＋动词原形

(2)否定式：don't/doesn't/didn't＋have to＋动词原形

2．have to的一般疑问句形式：需把助动词 do, did或does提到句首。

3．have to 的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词＋do/does/did＋主语＋have to do sth.？　　

4．have to和must的用法区别：

(1)must强调说话者的主观意愿；have to强调客观上的必要性。

He said that he must work hard.

他说他必须努力工作。

The last bus left, and he had to walk home.

最后一班车走了，他不得不步行回家。

(2)mustn't意为“不许，不可以”，表示禁止；而not have to意为“不必”。

You don't have to do the work right now.

你现在不必做这项工作。

You mustn't smoke here.

你绝不能在这儿吸烟。

[对点练]　(完成句子)

①(2024·浙江1月高考)In her first PE class, Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt announced

that everyone had_to_run_one mile around the track outside.

在她的第一节体育课上，当Pitt教练宣布每个人必须在外面的跑道上跑一英里时，Eva感到震惊。

②The law states that people mustn't_drive after drinking alcohol.

法律规定禁止人们酒后驾车。

③We don't_have_to hurry, for there's plenty of time.

我们不必着急，因为时间很充裕。

④We must_be home by six.

我们必须在6点以前到家。

⑤I'd also like to know how much I have_to_pay for the course.

我还想了解一下学这门课程得付多少钱。

⑥Yesterday morning I had_to_call_on a friend.

昨天早上我必须去拜访一个朋友。

 

三、had better的用法　

had better后接动词原形，意为“最好”，用于现在时或将来时，可用于一切人称，没有任何词形变化。

had better中的had通常缩略为'd；构成否定式时，常将not置于had better之后；而构成疑问式时，则常将had置于主语之前。

[对点练]　(翻译句子)

①你最好不要乘飞机去那里。

You_had_better_not_go_there_by_plane.

②你最好睡一会儿。

You'd_better_get_some_sleep.

四、dare和need的用法　

1．dare

(1)dare意为“敢于，胆敢”，作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。

(2)dare也可以用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化。所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中dare后面通常接带to的不定式；在否定句和疑问句中，dare后可接带to或不带to的不定式。

2．need

(1)need意为“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，用于否定句和疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should代替。