内容正文:
专题01 选择性必修第二册Units 4~6 单词短语句型语法
Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
重点单词及变形
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.assist v.协助,帮助→assistance n.帮助→assistant n.助手 adj.助理的
2.vital adj.极其重要的,必不可少的→vitally adv.极其;绝对
3.tragic adj.悲惨的,不幸的→tragically adv.悲惨地→tragedy n.悲剧;不幸
4.relieve vt.使减轻;缓解→relief n.(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除;减轻痛苦的事物
5.specialist n.专家→special adj.特殊的→specially adv.专门地
6.realistic adj.(目标、希望)能够实现的;现实的,实际的→real adj.真实的→reality n.现实
7.minority n.少数派;少数→minor adj.较小的;次要的
8.inclusive adj.包容广阔的→include v.包括→inclusion n.包括;包含
9.rewarding adj.值得做的,有意义的→reward v.& n.奖励;奖赏
10.civil adj.公民的,国民的→civilian adj.平民的,百姓的
11.slave n.奴隶→slavery n.奴隶制
12.union n.联邦→unite v.联合;团结→united adj.联合的;统一的
13.division n.分开;分歧,分裂→divide v.分开
14.liberty n.自由→liberate v.解放→liberation n.解放
15.nobly adv.高尚地,崇高地→noble adj.崇高的,高尚的
16.influential adj.有影响力的→influence n.& v.影响
17.communist adj.共产主义的 n.共产主义者→communism n.共产主义
18.devote vt.献身;专心于→devoted adj.忠实的;深爱的→devotion n.热爱;献身;奉献
19.harmony n.融洽相处,和谐→harmonious adj.和谐的,和睦的
重点单词用法精萃
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.assist v.帮助,协助
(1) assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb.to do/in doing... 帮助某人做……
(2)assistant adj. 副的;助理的 n. 助手;店员
assistance n. 帮助,援助
with the assistance of... 在……的帮助下
come/go to one's assistance 来/去帮助某人
2.vital adj.极其重要的,必不可少的
be vital to/for 对……极其重要;必不可少
It is vital to do... 做……很重要。
It is vital that... ……极其重要(that从句中谓语用should do形式)
of vital importance 至关重要
3.put...at risk 让……处于危险之中
(1)risk doing... 冒险做……
(2)at the risk of(doing)... 冒(做)……的危险
at all risks 无论如何
take a risk/risks 冒险
run the risk of(doing)... 冒(做)……的危险
4.not to mention更不必说
mention sth.to sb.(mention to sb.that...) 向某人提及……
mention doing sth. 提及做某事
without mentioning... 更不用说
Don't mention it. (答复别人道谢时用语)不客气。
[名师点津]
mention后不跟双宾语,即不能说mention sb.sth.,可说mention sth.to sb.。
5.It is/was...since...
(1)It/This/That is/was the first time that...这/那(将)是第一次……(从句谓语动词用完成时态)
(2)It was/will be+时间段+before...过了多久/要过多久才……
(3)It is (about/high) time that...是做……的时候了(从句谓语动词用过去式或“should+动词原形”)
6.do/does/did+谓语动词
(1)“do/does/did+谓语动词”只有一般现在时和一般过去时,且只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调,不用于否定式和疑问式。do在句中要重读。
(2)在祈使句中使用时,往往不表示命令,而表示强烈的请求,有时表达更加客气的语气。
(3)强调句子的其他成分用强调句型:It is/was...that...
必背短语
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.a lack of缺乏
2.put sb.at risk使某人处于危险中
3.(be) involved in参与……
4.against all (the) odds尽管困难重重
5.be caught up in被牵扯进;被卷入
6.step into one’s shoes接替某人的工作
7. in vain白白地,徒劳,无结果
8.at a great cost付出巨大代价
9.step by step逐步地
10.bring forth使产生;使出现
11.be engaged in从事;忙于
12.have a better understanding of更好地理解……
13. culture shock文化冲击
重点句型
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.当务之急是那些处于最严重和最紧迫的危险之中的人。
The top priority goes to those in the most serious and immediate danger.
2.距离上次报告的病例正好一个月了。
It's exactly one month since the last reported case.
3.但至关重要的是不要冒任何风险。
But it is vital not to take any chances.
4.世界几乎不会注意,也不会长久地记住我们在这里所说的话,但永远不会忘记他们在这里所做的事情。
The world will little note;nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here.
语法梳理
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
it作形式主语
[观察例句]
1.It's not easy for us to learn a foreign language.
2.It happens that I have had some experience in dealing with him.
3.It is no use arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
4.It takes me 30 minutes to go to school by bike every day.
5.It's not much good conducting such a survey.
[归纳用法]
一、概念
当动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或者从句作句子的主语时,通常用it(不能用that,this等词)来作形式主语代替它们,而将真正的主语放在后面,以保持句子结构的平衡。此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无词义。
二、it作形式主语的常用句型
1.it作不定式的形式主语句型
(1)It+be+名词/名词词组+to do sth.,这类名词有:a pleasure,a fact等。
It is not a good habit to stay up too late.睡得太迟不是个好习惯。
(2)It+be+形容词+(for sb.)+to do sth.,这类形容词用来描述不定式行为本身的性质有:wrong,right,important,difficult,easy等。
It is necessary for you to be fully aware of your own shortcomings.充分认识自己的缺点是很必要的。
(3)It is+形容词+of sb.+to do sth.
这些形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等时,不定式前常可加一个由of引起的短语。这类句型所涉及的常用形容词有:kind,good,polite,selfish等。
It was foolish of you to behave like that.你那种表现真是太蠢了。
(4)It takes+sb.+时间或金钱+to do sth.,这是一个表示某人花了多少时间或金钱做某事的句型。其中it是形式主语,代替后面的不定式,句中的sb.也可省略。
It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.成千上万的人花了很多年才建成了长城。
2.it作动名词的形式主语的常用句型
It+be+名词/名词词组+doing sth.,这类名词有:(no) use,a waste of time等。
The doctor told us that it is no good eating too much meat.医生告诉我们吃太多的肉没有好处。
3.it作主语从句的形式主语的常用句型
(1)It+be+形容词+主语从句。
It's certain that William will do well in the exam.威廉肯定能考得很好。
It's important that we (should) show consideration for others if we are to live in harmony with them in social life.
在社会生活中,如果我们要与别人和谐共处,关心别人是很重要的。
[名师点津] 在“It is important that...”句式中,it代替从句作主语时,that引导的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即谓语动词应用“should+动词原形(或should have done)”或只用动词原形。
(2)It+be+名词/名词词组+主语从句,这类名词有:a fact,a pity,a shame等。
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language all over the world.
事实上,在世界范围内英语是公认的国际语言。
(3)It+be+过去分词+主语从句,这类过去分词有:known,announced,believed,decided等。
It is known to all that Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492.
众所周知,克里斯托夫·哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。
[名师点津] 在下列句式中,that从句要用虚拟语气:“It is desired/suggested/settled/ requested/required/demanded/ordered/proposed/recommended...that...。”
Is it settled that he (should) resign his office? 他辞职已成定局了吗?
(4)It+不及物动词+主语从句,这类动词有:seem,matter,strike,occur等。
It occurred to me that he had gone to the USA.我突然想到他已经去美国了。
单元写作
演讲稿
本单元的写作项目是写一篇演讲稿,属于应用文文体。
[基本框架]
1.开头(the beginning)——提出问题;
2.主体(the middle)——分析问题;
3.结尾(the ending)——简要总结。
[常用词块]
1.compare with 同……比较
2.be suitable to适合于……
3.draw a conclusion 得出结论
4.provide with 提供……
5.contribute to有助于
6.more than非常
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1.My name is...Today I am very glad to have the opportunity to make this presentation.I shall be speaking about...
我是……今天很高兴能有机会做这个演讲。我演讲的内容是……
2.Good morning,everyone!It is my great honor to share with you my opinions on...
大家上午好!很荣幸能和你们分享一下关于……我的看法。
3.It's my honour to stand here and say something about friendship.
站在这里,谈谈关于友谊的话题对我来说是件荣耀的事情。
★丰满主体
4.The topic of my speech today is...我今天演讲的主题是……
5.As far as I am concerned,I think it is a good idea to...就我而言,我认为……是一个好主意。
6.I would like to concentrate on the problem of...我想把重点集中在……问题上。
7.As is known to us all,failure is the mother of success,but few people can really understand what the saying means.
我们都知道失败是成功之母,可是很少有人真正理解这句格言的真谛。
★余味结尾
8.Thanks for your listening (to my speech).感谢大家倾听我的演讲。
9.That's all I want to say about this point.关于这一点,我就讲这些。
例文
最近你校英语俱乐部将举行一次以“Helping Each Other Makes the World Wonderful”为题的英语演讲比赛。请你以李华的名义用英语写一篇演讲稿。内容要点如下:
1.帮助同学——加深友谊;
2.帮助老人——幸福;
3.帮助别人的体会和感悟。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Hello,everyone.I'm Li Hua.Today I am very glad to have the chance to speak about the topic “Helping Each Other Makes the World Wonderful”.
As we all know,helping each other is an important part of our life.We can gain more from helping others.For example,we can strengthen our friendship when we help our classmates.And we can feel happy when we help old people.
In a word,helping others can promote us and I strongly believe that it will be of great use to build a peaceful and wonderful world.
Thank you for your listening.
Unit 5 A delicate world
重点单词变形
1.dramatically adv.显著地;戏剧性地→dramatic adj.戏剧性的;突然的→drama n.戏剧
2.subsequently adv.后来,随后→subsequent adj.随后的;后来的
3.multiply v.(使)大大增加,(使)倍增→multiple adj.多种多样的
4.conservation n.保护→conserve v.保护→conservative adj.保守的;守旧的
5.departure n.离开→depart v.离开;出发
6.explode v.突然增加→explosion n.爆炸;激增
7.intervention n.干预,介入→intervene vi.干预
8.ecology n.生态;生态学→ecological adj.生态的→ecologist n.生态学家
9.comparison n.比较→compare v.比较
10.visual adj.视觉的→vision n.视力;念头→visually adv.视觉上,外表上
11.mysterious adj.神秘的→mystery n.难以理解的事物;谜
12.criterion n.标准,准则→criteria n.(复数)标准;准则
13.apparently adv.据说;看来,似乎→apparent adj.显而易见的
14.variation n.差异;变化→variable adj.可变的;易变的→various adj.各种各样的→variety n.变化;多样(化);多变(性)→vary vi.& vt.变化
15.endangered adj.濒临灭绝的→endanger v.危及;使……处于危险
16.invasion n.涌入;侵犯,入侵→invade v.侵犯→invader n.侵略者
重点单词用法精萃
1.appetite n.胃口,食欲;强烈欲望
(1)develop an appetite for 对……产生食欲
have an appetite for 对……有兴趣/欲望
have no appetite for 对……没有兴趣/欲望
spoil one's appetite 影响某人的胃口
lose one's appetite 某人没了食欲
(2)appetizing adj. 开胃的;引起食欲的
2.out of control 失去控制
get out of control 摆脱控制;无法管理
be in control (of) 掌管;管理;控制(……)
be in the control (of) 被控制
be under control 被控制住;处于控制之下
bring/get/keep sth.under control 控制;抑制……
lose control (of ) 失去控制(……)
take control (of) 掌控(……)
3.decrease v.(使)减少;(使)变小 n.减少;降低
(1)decrease (from sth.) to sth. (从……)减少到……
decrease by sth. 降低了……
decrease in sth. 在……方面减少,减小,下降
(2)a decrease in 在……方面的减少
on the decrease 在减少
4.trap vt.使困住;诱捕;诱骗;坑害 n.圈套;陷阱;诡计;夹子
(1)be/get trapped in 被困在……中
trap sb.into doing sth. 陷害/诱骗某人做某事
(2)fall into the trap of doing sth. 掉进……的陷阱
fall into a trap 落入圈套
get out of a trap 摆脱圈套
(3)set/lay a trap for 为……设圈套
5.turn out 结果是;证明是
turn up 出现,到达;开大,提高,增加;找到,发现
turn off 关闭(开关、水龙头等),关掉(煤气、自来水等)
turn on 打开(开关、自来水等),开(煤气、灯、电视等)
turn in 转身进入;交出
turn to (向某人)求助;注意;翻到(……页)
turn down 调小(煤气等),关小,调小(收音机等的声音);拒绝
turn over 翻转;反复考虑;移交
6.explode v.爆炸,爆发;激增;勃然大怒
(1)explode with 因(愤怒)而发作
explode into 爆发出……
explode with laughter/anger 哄堂大笑/勃然大怒
(2)explosion n. 爆炸;爆发;激增
explosive adj. 易爆炸的;爆炸性的
7.owe v.应该做;对……负有……的义务;欠(债);感激;归功于
owe sth.to sb.(=owe sb.sth.) 把……归功于某人;欠某人……
owe it to sb.to do sth. (为了感谢某人)应该做……,有义务做……
owe sb.an apology 该向某人道歉
owing to 由于
必背短语
1.in turn依次;反过来
2.be native to原产于……
3.die out灭绝
4.out of control失去控制
5.in consequence结果,因此
6.once and for all一劳永逸
7.owe...to...把……归功于;欠……
8.on behalf of代表
9.break down分解;出故障
10.in existence存在
重点句型
1.头脑中想着这个目标,一种病毒被(专家们)释放到岛上。
With this goal in mind, a virus was released onto the island.
2.是这个公园以他的名字命名的,传说中的中草药之父神农氏吗?
Is it the legendary father of Chinese herbal medicine, Shennong,after whom the park is named?
3.尽管由于外来物种的入侵,神农架的蜜蜂在中国其他地方濒临灭绝,但它们与当地人共存了几个世纪。
Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries.
语法精讲
it作形式宾语
[观察例句]
1.She feels it her duty to support her family.
2.He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
3.I find it no use talking to a person like him about it.
4.I took it for granted that you'd want to come with us,so I bought you a ticket.
5.I enjoy it when the sun shines bright.
6.I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it.
[归纳用法]
一、概念
在英语中,有时候句子的宾语比较复杂,很容易引起歧义。因此,为了平衡句子结构,避免误解,习惯上使用一个没有具体意义的代词it来作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在后面,这时,共分为两种情况:第一种情况为it后接宾语补足语;第二种情况为it后不接宾语补足语。
二、构成
(一)代词it后接宾语补足语
1.动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式
I found it important to learn spoken English.我发现学习英语口语很重要。
2.动词+it+宾语补足语+动名词
I did consider it no use reporting the incident.我确实认为报道这件事没有用。
3.动词+it+宾语补足语+从句
I think it necessary that you study hard.我认为你努力学习是必要的。
“6123”记忆法:
*6指常用动词:think,believe,make,find,consider,feel
*1指形式宾语it
*2指宾语补足语的两种形式:形容词和名词
*3指真正宾语的三种形式:不定式、动名词和宾语从句
(二)代词it后不接宾语补足语
1.动词+it+that从句
能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有have,take,put,like等。
I like it that you came.你来了,我很高兴。
Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign.据传闻,国防部长不久就要辞职。
2.动词+it+when/if从句
能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有enjoy,hate,love,like,dislike,appreciate,prefer等。
I dislike it when you whistle.我不爱听你吹口哨。
We really appreciate it when she offered to help.她来帮忙了,我们十分感激。
3.动词+介词+it+that从句
能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有see to,look to,insist on,stick to,depend on,rely on,answer for等。
See to it that you're not late again.务必不要再迟到。
Look to it that this doesn't happen again.注意不要再发生这种事。
4.动词+it+介词短语+that从句
能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有take it for granted,bring it to sb.'s attention,owe it to sb.等。
I owe it to you that I am still alive.多亏有你我还活着。
I took it for granted that he would help us.我理所当然地认为他会帮助我们。
单元写作
起草演讲报告
本单元的写作项目是起草一篇演讲报告,属于演讲稿写作范畴。
[基本框架]
1.开头(the beginning)——主题介绍;
2.主体(the middle)——原因分析;
3.结尾(the ending)——概括总结。
[常用词块]
1.result in导致
2.let alone更不用说
3.arouse their interests引起兴趣
4.play an important part in起重要作用
5.in conclusion总之
6.account for the reason解释原因
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1.Today I will talk about the purposes of surfing the Internet among senior students.
今天我要谈谈高中生上网的目的。
2.Last week,we conducted a survey among all the students in our school on the time they spent in sleeping every day.
上周,我们就每天的睡眠时间对全校学生进行了调查。
★丰满主体
3.A report made recently suggests that onefourth of the people think that to raise children is the duty of their parents and so children needn't express any gratitude to them.
最近的一份报告表明,四分之一的人认为养育孩子是父母的责任,所以孩子不必对他们表示任何感激。
4.However,students who disliked it complained there were too many new words and difficult sentences,making the texts difficult to understand.
然而,不喜欢的学生抱怨说,生词太多,句子太难,使课文难以理解。
★余味结尾
5.In my opinion,when in trouble we'd better ask our teachers,parents,friends or classmates for help.
在我看来,遇到困难时,我们最好向老师、家长、朋友或同学求助。
6.As far as I am concerned,effective measures should be instantly taken to help students to spend more time on sleep.
在我看来,应该立即采取有效措施来帮助学生获得更多的休息时间。
例文
假定你是李华,你校打算组织一场英语演讲比赛,请你根据下列提示写一篇主题为“Environmental Protection”的演讲稿。内容包括:
1.保护环境的重要性;
2.如何从我做起去保护环境;
3.呼吁大家行动起来。
注意: 词数80左右。
Good morning,everyone,
My topic today is “Environmental Protection”. As we all know,with the quick development of economy,the global environment is getting worse and worse. If nothing is done,all the living creatures on the earth will be endangered. So it is everyone's duty to protect the environment. As students,we can do our part in environmental protection by leading a lowcarbon life. We had better use less water and electricity. When we go out,we can take buses or ride bikes instead of taking taxis.Please take action right now! Only by protecting nature can humans really win.
That's all. Thanks for your listening.
Unit 6 Survival
重点单词变形
1.crime n.罪,罪行→criminal n.罪犯 adj.犯罪的
2.suburb n.郊区,城郊→suburban adj.郊区的;市郊的
3.greedy adj.贪婪的,贪心的;渴望的→greed n.贪婪;渴望
4.commit v.犯(错误或罪行)→commitment n.承诺;保证;献身;投入
5.appreciate v.欣赏;赏识;鉴赏→appreciation n.欣赏;感激→appreciative adj.赞赏的;感激的
6.restrict v.限制,控制→restriction n.限制;限定→restrictive adj.限制性的
7.hiker n.徒步旅行者,远足者→hike v.去远足
8.optimistic adj.乐观的;乐观主义的→optimism n.乐观主义→pessimistic adj.悲观的
9.consumption n.(精力、油、电等的)消耗量→consume v.消耗→consumer n.消费者
10.react vi.做出反应,回应→reaction n.反应,回应
11.monthly adj.每月一次的→month n.月,月份
12.advanced adj.先进的,高级的→advance vi.前进;取得进展 n.进展,进步
13.terrifying adj.极其可怕的,骇人听闻的→terrified adj.害怕的→terrify v.使害怕
14.consist v.由……组成→consistent adj.一致的
15.expose v.使暴露(于险境)→exposure n.暴露,显露→exposed adj.暴露的
重点单词用法精萃
1.greedy adj.贪婪的,贪心的
(1)be greedy for 对……渴望/贪婪
be greedy to do... 渴望做……
it is greedy of sb.to do... 某人做……真贪婪
(2)greed n. 贪心;贪婪;贪欲
greedily adv. 贪婪地
2.commit vt.投入;犯(错误或罪行);做(错事等);把……委托于,交付;承诺
(1)commit a crime 犯罪
commit suicide 自杀
commit...to... 把……送交,托付给……
commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺,保证(做)某事
(2)committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚信的;坚定的,效忠的
be committed to 对……忠诚;致力于……
(3)commitment n. 承诺;保证;信奉;献身
make a commitment 承诺
[名师点津] commit oneself to(doing)sth.表示“专心致志于……”,to是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。
3.in one's way 挡某人的路;妨碍
in a way 在某种程度上;就某一方面
by the way 顺便说
in no way 一点也不;决不(置于句首,句子要倒装)
in the way 挡道;碍事
No way! [俚]别想!没门!
4.out of reach 够不着,达不到
within (one's) reach 在(某能力等的)所及范围内,触手可及的
reach for sth. 伸手去拿某物
reach out (to sb.) (向某人)伸出援手;(与某人)沟通、交心
reach an agreement 达成协议
5.under construction在建造中;正在施工之中
under study 在研究中
under examination 在考试中
under investigation 在调查中
under treatment 在治疗中
under control 被控制住
under repair 在维修中
under discussion 在讨论中
6.fit in with适应;符合;与……一致
(1)fit in 相适应;相融合
fit into sth. 适合……
(2)be fit for/to do sth. 胜任某事/适合做某事
keep fit/healthy 保持健康
7.estimate v.估计,估算 n.(对大小、数量、成本等的)估计;估价
(1)estimate sth.(at sth.) 估计/估算……
estimate that从句 估计……
it's estimated that... 据估计……
make/form an estimate of sth. 给……作评估
a rough estimate 粗略估计
(2)underestimate v. 低估
overestimate v. 高估
8.appreciate v.欣赏,赏识
(1)appreciate sth. 欣赏/感激某事
appreciate (one's )doing sth. 感激某人做某事
I would appreciate it if... 如果……,我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n. 赏识,鉴赏;感激
in appreciation of 为感谢……
(3)appreciative adj. 有鉴赏力的;感谢的
[名师点津] appreciate后不接不定式;其后只能接“事”作宾语,而不能接“人”作宾语;且其后不直接跟从句,需先接it,再接从句,类似用法的动词还有:like,enjoy,hate,love,take,have等。
9.restrict v.限制;控制
(1)restrict...to...把……限制/控制/保持在……(to是介词,后跟名词或动名词)
restrict oneself to (doing) sth.限制自己(做)某事
(2)restriction n. 限制;限定;约束
make/place restrictions on 对……加以限制
必背短语
1.fit in with适应;与……一致
2.on offer提供;供使用
3.for sure确实,确定无疑
4.cope with应付(某种情况)
5.bring...under control使……处于控制之下
6.get rid of摆脱,除去
7.wipe out彻底摧毁,消灭
8.consist of由……组成,由……构成
9.in the meantime在此期间,与此同时
10.split up分开
11.(be) faced with面临
12.be exposed to暴露于……
重点句型
1.看到汽车窗户开着,这个贪婪的小偷没有犹豫。
Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn't hesitate.
2.只有那时我们才能期待和谐地分享我们的城市栖息地。
Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.
3.受多年来的发现的鼓舞,各国航天局正计划在未来25年内进行载人火星任务。
Encouraged by discoveries over the years, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years.
4.毫无疑问,人类被火星吸引,梦想着把它变成我们的第二个家园。
There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home.
语法精讲
“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”
[观察例句]
1.Whatever difficulty we meet with,we must finish the task on time,since the opportunity is so valuable.
2.Mother suggests that I should collect the old clothes and give them to whoever needs them.
3.No matter when you pick something up,you should turn it to the owner at once.
4.There is no person in the world who can do whatever to please him.
[归纳用法]
一、“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的相同点
“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”都可以引导让步状语从句,均表示“无论;不管”,可互换。
Whatever (=No matter what) happens,we will not change our mind.
无论发生什么事,我们都不会改变想法。
Wherever (=No matter where) he is,he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
不管他在哪儿,早餐前都要去散步,这是他的习惯。
However(= No matter how) hard he works,he finds it difficult to make ends meet.
无论他多么努力工作,他发现总是入不敷出。
[名师点津] however作连词时,也可以引导让步状语从句,后面常常接形容词或副词,即:however+形容词/副词+主语+谓语,有时也可以不接形容词或副词。另外,however还可以作副词,意为“然而”,不能引导让步状语从句。
二、“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的不同点
“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词+ever”既可以引导让步状语从句(此时可与“no matter+疑问词”互换),又可以引导名词性从句(此时不可与“no matter+疑问词”互换)。
(1)whoever引导名词性从句时,在从句中通常作主语,相当于anyone who。
Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.
谁想住旅馆,谁就得自己付钱。(主语从句,whoever在从句中作主语)
Whoever wants to stay in a hotel,he/she has to pay his/her own way.
无论谁想住宾馆,他/她必须自己付钱。(让步状语从句)
(2)whomever引导名词性从句时,在从句中通常作宾语,相当于anyone whom。但是,在口语中,常用whoever代替whomever。
You may invite whomever you like to the party.
你可以邀请任何你喜欢的人参加这个派对。(宾语从句,在从句中whomever作动词like的宾语)
Whomever you like,you can invite him/her to the party.
无论你喜欢谁,你都可以邀请他/她来参加这个派对。(让步状语从句)
(3)whatever引导名词性从句时,相当于anything that,在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语;作“无论什么样的”讲时,在句中作定语。
It's generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he/she wants.
一个小孩想要什么就给他/她什么,一般被认为是不明智的。(宾语从句,在从句中whatever作动词wants的宾语)
Whatever he does has nothing to do with me.
他做的任何事都与我无关。(主语从句,在从句中whatever作动词does的宾语)
Whatever he says,she always thinks it right.
无论他说什么,她都认为是正确的。(让步状语从句)
(4)whichever引导名词性从句时,既可指人,又可指物,通常表示在一定的范围内进行选择。
Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.
你们谁第一个到这儿,谁就获奖。(主语从句,whichever of you在从句中作主语)
Whichever of you gets here first,he/she will get the prize.
无论你们谁第一个到这里,他/她就获奖。(让步状语从句)
单元写作
写一篇生存故事
本单元的写作项目是写一篇生存故事,属于记叙文写作范畴。
[基本框架]
1.开头(the beginning)——引出故事;
2.主体(the middle)——具体过程;
3.结尾(the ending)——自我感受。
[常用词块]
1.set off for a place动身去一个地方
2.an unforgettable experience一次难忘的经历
3.look back on the past回首往事
4.remind me of the event让我想起那件事
5.show our determination 表明我们的决心
6.be worth having a try值得一试
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1.I did have an unforgettable experience when I was a child.当我还是孩子的时候,确实有一次难忘的经历。
2.The story reminded me of the own experience in an earthquake.这个故事让我想起了自己在一次地震中的经历。
★丰满主体
3.When I came to myself,I found I was lying in bed in hospital.当我苏醒的时候,我发现躺在医院的床上。
4.When I just went to the middle of the street,a car suddenly appeared and came directly toward me.
当我到了路中间的时候,一辆小汽车突然出现了,直接冲我来了。
5.Hearing the cry,I immediately rushed to the bank and jumped into the water without taking off my clothes.听到哭声,我立即冲到岸边,没脱衣服就跳进了水里。
★余味结尾
6.The girl's parents were very grateful to me and many people were greatly moved by my deeds.
女孩的父母非常感激我,许多人都被我的行为所感动。
例文
假如你是某中学高一学生赵明,不久前经历了一次地震,你和邻居一起救出了一个受困的人。请你根据下面四幅图片的顺序,写出事情的全过程。
注意:1.开头已给出,不计入总词数;
2.词数80左右。
提示词:锹,铲spade;担架stretcher
Last Saturday morning,a severe earthquake suddenly happened.I was reading in the room when the light,clock,and many things inside were shaking.Meanwhile,someone shouted“Earthquake!” I rushed outside without hesitation.
Outdoors I heard a crash behind me and someone shouting“Help”.I looked back and found a house had collapsed.I,together with my neighbors,tried to find the one trapped in the ruins,using spades and even our hands.After a few minutes,we found an old man,his leg broken. We carried him to a safe place on a stretcher and waited for an ambulance.
Though tired,we were glad we had saved the old man.
$专题01 选择性必修第二册Units 4~6 单词短语句型语法
Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
重点单词及变形
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. v.协助,帮助→ n.帮助
→ n.助手 adj.助理的
2. adj.极其重要的,必不可少的
→ adv.极其;绝对
3. adj.悲惨的,不幸的→ adv.悲惨地→ n.悲剧;不幸
4. vt.使减轻;缓解→ n.(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除;减轻痛苦的事物
5. n.专家→ adj.特殊的→ adv.专门地
6. adj.(目标、希望)能够实现的;现实的,实际的→ adj.真实的→ n.现实
7. n.少数派;少数→ adj.较小的;次要的
8. adj.包容广阔的→ v.包括
→ n.包括;包含
9. adj.值得做的,有意义的→ v.& n.奖励;奖赏
10. adj.公民的,国民的→ adj.平民的,百姓的
11. n.奴隶→ n.奴隶制
12. n.联邦→ v.联合;团结
→ adj.联合的;统一的
13. n.分开;分歧,分裂→ v.分开
14. n.自由→ v.解放
→ n.解放
15. adv.高尚地,崇高地→ adj.崇高的,高尚的
16. adj.有影响力的→ n.& v.影响
17. adj.共产主义的 n.共产主义者
→ n.共产主义
18. vt.献身;专心于→ adj.忠实的;深爱的→ n.热爱;献身;奉献
19. n.融洽相处,和谐→ adj.和谐的,和睦的
重点单词用法精萃
/
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.assist v.帮助,协助
(1) assist sb. with sth.
assist sb.to do/in doing...
(2)assistant adj.
assistance n.
with the assistance of...
come/go to one's assistance
2.vital adj.极其重要的,必不可少的
be vital to/for
It is vital to do...
It is vital that...
of vital importance
3.put...at risk 让……处于危险之中
(1)risk doing...
(2)at the risk of(doing)...
at all risks
take a risk/risks
run the risk of(doing)...
4.not to mention更不必说
mention sth.to sb.(mention to sb.that...)
mention doing sth.
without mentioning...
Don't mention it.
[名师点津]
mention后不跟双宾语,即不能说mention sb.sth.,可说mention sth.to sb.。
5.It is/was...since...
(1)It/This/That is/was the first time that...
(2)It was/will be+时间段+before...
(3)It is (about/high) time that...
6.do/does/did+谓语动词
(1)“do/does/did+谓语动词”只有一般现在时和一般过去时,且只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调,不用于否定式和疑问式。do在句中要重读。
(2)在祈使句中使用时,往往不表示命令,而表示强烈的请求,有时表达更加客气的语气。
(3)强调句子的其他成分用强调句型:It is/was...that...
必背短语
/
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.a of缺乏
2.put sb.at 使某人处于危险中
3.(be) in参与……
4.against all (the) 尽管困难重重
5.be up in被牵扯进;被卷入
6. into one’s shoes接替某人的工作
7. in 白白地,徒劳,无结果
8.at a great 付出巨大代价
9.step step逐步地
10. forth使产生;使出现
11.be in从事;忙于
12.have a better of更好地理解……
13. shock文化冲击
重点句型
/
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.当务之急是那些处于最严重和最紧迫的危险之中的人。
in the most serious and immediate danger.
2.距离上次报告的病例正好一个月了。
exactly one month the last reported case.
3.但至关重要的是不要冒任何风险。
But any chances.
4.世界几乎不会注意,也不会长久地记住我们在这里所说的话,但永远不会忘记他们在这里所做的事情。
The world , , what we say here, but can never forget what they did here.
语法梳理
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
it作形式主语
[观察例句]
1.It's not easy for us to learn a foreign language.
2.It happens that I have had some experience in dealing with him.
3.It is no use arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
4.It takes me 30 minutes to go to school by bike every day.
5.It's not much good conducting such a survey.
[归纳用法]
一、概念
当动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或者从句作句子的主语时,通常用it(不能用that,this等词)来作形式主语代替它们,而将真正的主语放在后面,以保持句子结构的平衡。此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无词义。
二、it作形式主语的常用句型
1.it作不定式的形式主语句型
(1)It+be+名词/名词词组+to do sth.,这类名词有:a pleasure,a fact等。
is not a good habit .睡得太迟不是个好习惯。
(2)It+be+形容词+(for sb.)+to do sth.,这类形容词用来描述不定式行为本身的性质有:wrong,right,important,difficult,easy等。
is necessary fully aware of your own shortcomings.充分认识自己的缺点是很必要的。
(3)It is+形容词+of sb.+to do sth.
这些形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等时,不定式前常可加一个由of引起的短语。这类句型所涉及的常用形容词有:kind,good,polite,selfish等。
was foolish like that.你那种表现真是太蠢了。
(4)It takes+sb.+时间或金钱+to do sth.,这是一个表示某人花了多少时间或金钱做某事的句型。其中it是形式主语,代替后面的不定式,句中的sb.也可省略。
the Great Wall.成千上万的人花了很多年才建成了长城。
2.it作动名词的形式主语的常用句型
It+be+名词/名词词组+doing sth.,这类名词有:(no) use,a waste of time等。
The doctor told us that it is no good .医生告诉我们吃太多的肉没有好处。
3.it作主语从句的形式主语的常用句型
(1)It+be+形容词+主语从句。
certain that William .威廉肯定能考得很好。
It's important that we consideration for others if we are to live in harmony with them in social life.
在社会生活中,如果我们要与别人和谐共处,关心别人是很重要的。
[名师点津] 在“It is important that...”句式中,it代替从句作主语时,that引导的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即谓语动词应用“should+动词原形(或should have done)”或只用动词原形。
(2)It+be+名词/名词词组+主语从句,这类名词有:a fact,a pity,a shame等。
is a fact that .
事实上,在世界范围内英语是公认的国际语言。
(3)It+be+过去分词+主语从句,这类过去分词有:known,announced,believed,decided等。
is known to all that Christopher Columbus .
众所周知,克里斯托夫·哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。
[名师点津] 在下列句式中,that从句要用虚拟语气:“It is desired/suggested/settled/ requested/required/demanded/ordered/proposed/recommended...that...。”
Is settled that he his office? 他辞职已成定局了吗?
(4)It+不及物动词+主语从句,这类动词有:seem,matter,strike,occur等。
occurred to me that to the USA.我突然想到他已经去美国了。
单元写作
演讲稿
本单元的写作项目是写一篇演讲稿,属于应用文文体。
[基本框架]
1.开头(the beginning)——提出问题;
2.主体(the middle)——分析问题;
3.结尾(the ending)——简要总结。
[常用词块]
1.compare with 同……比较
2.be suitable to适合于……
3.draw a conclusion 得出结论
4.provide with 提供……
5.contribute to有助于
6.more than非常
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1.My name is...Today I am very glad to have the opportunity to make this presentation.I shall be speaking about...
我是……今天很高兴能有机会做这个演讲。我演讲的内容是……
2.Good morning,everyone!It is my great honor to share with you my opinions on...
大家上午好!很荣幸能和你们分享一下关于……我的看法。
3.It's my honour to stand here and say something about friendship.
站在这里,谈谈关于友谊的话题对我来说是件荣耀的事情。
★丰满主体
4.The topic of my speech today is...我今天演讲的主题是……
5.As far as I am concerned,I think it is a good idea to...就我而言,我认为……是一个好主意。
6.I would like to concentrate on the problem of...我想把重点集中在……问题上。
7.As is known to us all,failure is the mother of success,but few people can really understand what the saying means.
我们都知道失败是成功之母,可是很少有人真正理解这句格言的真谛。
★余味结尾
8.Thanks for your listening (to my speech).感谢大家倾听我的演讲。
9.That's all I want to say about this point.关于这一点,我就讲这些。
例文
最近你校英语俱乐部将举行一次以“Helping Each Other Makes the World Wonderful”为题的英语演讲比赛。请你以李华的名义用英语写一篇演讲稿。内容要点如下:
1.帮助同学——加深友谊;
2.帮助老人——幸福;
3.帮助别人的体会和感悟。
注意:1.词数80左右;
4.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Unit 5 A delicate world
重点单词变形
1. adv.显著地;戏剧性地→ adj.戏剧性的;突然的→drama n.戏剧
2. adv.后来,随后→ adj.随后的;后来的
3. v.(使)大大增加,(使)倍增
→ adj.多种多样的
3. n.保护→ v.保护
→ adj.保守的;守旧的
5. n.离开→ v.离开;出发
6. v.突然增加→ n.爆炸;激增
7. n.干预,介入→ vi.干预
8. n.生态;生态学→ adj.生态的→ n.生态学家
9. n.比较→ v.比较
10. adj.视觉的→ n.视力;念头→ adv.视觉上,外表上
11. adj.神秘的→ n.难以理解的事物;谜
12. n.标准,准则→ n.(复数)标准;准则
13. adv.据说;看来,似乎→ adj.显而易见的
14. n.差异;变化→ adj.可变的;易变的→ adj.各种各样的
→ n.变化;多样(化);多变(性)
→ vi.& vt.变化
15. adj.濒临灭绝的→ v.危及;使……处于危险
16. n.涌入;侵犯,入侵→ v.侵犯→ n.侵略者
重点单词用法精萃
1.appetite n.胃口,食欲;强烈欲望
(1)develop an appetite for
have an appetite for
have no appetite for
spoil one's appetite
lose one's appetite
(2)appetizing adj.
2.out of control 失去控制
get out of control
be in control (of)
be in the control (of)
be under control
bring/get/keep sth.under control
lose control (of )
take control (of)
3.decrease v.(使)减少;(使)变小 n.减少;降低
(1)decrease (from sth.) to sth.
decrease by sth.
decrease in sth.
(2)a decrease in
on the decrease
4.trap vt.使困住;诱捕;诱骗;坑害 n.圈套;陷阱;诡计;夹子
(1)be/get trapped in
trap sb.into doing sth.
(2)fall into the trap of doing sth.
fall into a trap
get out of a trap
(3)set/lay a trap for
5.turn out 结果是;证明是
turn up
turn off
turn on
turn in
turn to
turn down
turn over
6.explode v.爆炸,爆发;激增;勃然大怒
(1)explode with
explode into
explode with laughter/anger
(2)explosion n.
explosive adj.
7.owe v.应该做;对……负有……的义务;欠(债);感激;归功于
owe sth.to sb.(=owe sb.sth.)
owe it to sb.to do sth.
owe sb.an apology
owing to
必背短语
1.in 依次;反过来
2.be to原产于……
3.die 灭绝
4.out of 失去控制
5.in 结果,因此
6.once and for 一劳永逸
7. ...to...把……归功于;欠……
8.on of代表
9. down分解;出故障
10.in 存在
重点句型
1.头脑中想着这个目标,一种病毒被(专家们)释放到岛上。
, a virus was released onto the island.
2.是这个公园以他的名字命名的,传说中的中草药之父神农氏吗?
Is it the legendary father of Chinese herbal medicine,
Shennong, ?
3.尽管由于外来物种的入侵,神农架的蜜蜂在中国其他地方濒临灭绝,但它们与当地人共存了几个世纪。
due to the invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries.
语法精讲
it作形式宾语
[观察例句]
1.She feels it her duty to support her family.
2.He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
3.I find it no use talking to a person like him about it.
4.I took it for granted that you'd want to come with us,so I bought you a ticket.
5.I enjoy it when the sun shines bright.
6.I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it.
[归纳用法]
一、概念
在英语中,有时候句子的宾语比较复杂,很容易引起歧义。因此,为了平衡句子结构,避免误解,习惯上使用一个没有具体意义的代词it来作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在后面,这时,共分为两种情况:第一种情况为it后接宾语补足语;第二种情况为it后不接宾语补足语。
二、构成
(一)代词it后接宾语补足语
1.动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式
I found it important .我发现学习英语口语很重要。
2.动词+it+宾语补足语+动名词
I did consider it no use .我确实认为报道这件事没有用。
3.动词+it+宾语补足语+从句
I think it necessary that .我认为你努力学习是必要的。
“6123”记忆法:
*6指常用动词:think,believe,make,find,consider,feel
*1指形式宾语it
*2指宾语补足语的两种形式:形容词和名词
*3指真正宾语的三种形式:不定式、动名词和宾语从句
(二)代词it后不接宾语补足语
1.动词+it+that从句
能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有have,take,put,like等。
I you came.你来了,我很高兴。
Rumor the defence minister will soon resign.据传闻,国防部长不久就要辞职。
2.动词+it+when/if从句
能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有enjoy,hate,love,like,dislike,appreciate,prefer等。
I you whistle.我不爱听你吹口哨。
We really she offered to help.她来帮忙了,我们十分感激。
3.动词+介词+it+that从句
能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有see to,look to,insist on,stick to,depend on,rely on,answer for等。
you're not late again.务必不要再迟到。
this doesn't happen again.注意不要再发生这种事。
4.动词+it+介词短语+that从句
能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有take it for granted,bring it to sb.'s attention,owe it to sb.等。
I I am still alive.多亏有你我还活着。
I he would help us.我理所当然地认为他会帮助我们。
单元写作
起草演讲报告
本单元的写作项目是起草一篇演讲报告,属于演讲稿写作范畴。
[基本框架]
1.开头(the beginning)——主题介绍;
2.主体(the middle)——原因分析;
3.结尾(the ending)——概括总结。
[常用词块]
1.result in导致
2.let alone更不用说
3.arouse their interests引起兴趣
4.play an important part in起重要作用
5.in conclusion总之
6.account for the reason解释原因
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1.Today I will talk about the purposes of surfing the Internet among senior students.
今天我要谈谈高中生上网的目的。
2.Last week,we conducted a survey among all the students in our school on the time they spent in sleeping every day.
上周,我们就每天的睡眠时间对全校学生进行了调查。
★丰满主体
3.A report made recently suggests that onefourth of the people think that to raise children is the duty of their parents and so children needn't express any gratitude to them.
最近的一份报告表明,四分之一的人认为养育孩子是父母的责任,所以孩子不必对他们表示任何感激。
4.However,students who disliked it complained there were too many new words and difficult sentences,making the texts difficult to understand.
然而,不喜欢的学生抱怨说,生词太多,句子太难,使课文难以理解。
★余味结尾
5.In my opinion,when in trouble we'd better ask our teachers,parents,friends or classmates for help.
在我看来,遇到困难时,我们最好向老师、家长、朋友或同学求助。
6.As far as I am concerned,effective measures should be instantly taken to help students to spend more time on sleep.
在我看来,应该立即采取有效措施来帮助学生获得更多的休息时间。
例文
假定你是李华,你校打算组织一场英语演讲比赛,请你根据下列提示写一篇主题为“Environmental Protection”的演讲稿。内容包括:
1.保护环境的重要性;
2.如何从我做起去保护环境;
3.呼吁大家行动起来。
注意: 词数80左右。
Good morning,everyone,
That's all. Thanks for your listening.
Unit 6 Survival
重点单词变形
1. n.罪,罪行→ n.罪犯 adj.犯罪的
2. n.郊区,城郊→ adj.郊区的;市郊的
3. adj.贪婪的,贪心的;渴望的
→ n.贪婪;渴望
4. v.犯(错误或罪行)→ n.承诺;保证;献身;投入
5. v.欣赏;赏识;鉴赏→ n.欣赏;感激→ adj.赞赏的;感激的
6. v.限制,控制→ n.限制;限定→ adj.限制性的
7. n.徒步旅行者,远足者
→ v.去远足
8. adj.乐观的;乐观主义的
→ n.乐观主义→ adj.悲观的
9. n.(精力、油、电等的)消耗量
→ v.消耗→ n.消费者
10. vi.做出反应,回应→ n.反应,回应
11. adj.每月一次的→ n.月,月份
12. adj.先进的,高级的→ vi.前进;取得进展 n.进展,进步
13. adj.极其可怕的,骇人听闻的
→ adj.害怕的→ v.使害怕
14. v.由……组成→ adj.一致的
15. v.使暴露(于险境)→ n.暴露,显露→ adj.暴露的
重点单词用法精萃
1.greedy adj.贪婪的,贪心的
(1)be greedy for
be greedy to do...
it is greedy of sb.to do...
(2)greed n.
greedily adv.
2.commit vt.投入;犯(错误或罪行);做(错事等);把……委托于,交付;承诺
(1)commit a crime
commit suicide
commit...to...
commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth.
(2)committed adj.
be committed to
(3)commitment n.
make a commitment
[名师点津] commit oneself to(doing)sth.表示“专心致志于……”,to是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。
3.in one's way 挡某人的路;妨碍
in a way
by the way
in no way
in the way
No way!
4.out of reach 够不着,达不到
within (one's) reach
reach for sth.
reach out (to sb.)
reach an agreement
5.under construction在建造中;正在施工之中
under study
under examination
under investigation
under treatment
under control
under repair
under discussion
6.fit in with适应;符合;与……一致
(1)fit in
fit into sth.
(2)be fit for/to do sth.
keep fit/healthy
7.estimate v.估计,估算 n.(对大小、数量、成本等的)估计;估价
(1)estimate sth.(at sth.)
estimate that从句
it's estimated that...
make/form an estimate of sth.
a rough estimate
(2)underestimate v.
overestimate v.
8.appreciate v.欣赏,赏识
(1)appreciate sth.
appreciate (one's )doing sth.
I would appreciate it if...
(2)appreciation n.
in appreciation of
(3)appreciative adj.
[名师点津] appreciate后不接不定式;其后只能接“事”作宾语,而不能接“人”作宾语;且其后不直接跟从句,需先接it,再接从句,类似用法的动词还有:like,enjoy,hate,love,take,have等。
9.restrict v.限制;控制
(1)restrict...to...
restrict oneself to (doing) sth
(2)restriction n.
make/place restrictions on
必背短语
1. in with适应;与……一致
2.on 提供;供使用
3.for 确实,确定无疑
4. with应付(某种情况)
5.bring...under 使……处于控制之下
6.get of摆脱,除去
7. out彻底摧毁,消灭
8. of由……组成,由……构成
9.in the 在此期间,与此同时
10. up分开
11.(be) with面临
12.be to暴露于……
重点句型
1.看到汽车窗户开着,这个贪婪的小偷没有犹豫。
, the greedy thief didn't hesitate.
2.只有那时我们才能期待和谐地分享我们的城市栖息地。
look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.
3.受多年来的发现的鼓舞,各国航天局正计划在未来25年内进行载人火星任务。
, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years.
4.毫无疑问,人类被火星吸引,梦想着把它变成我们的第二个家园。
humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home.
语法精讲
“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”
[观察例句]
1.Whatever difficulty we meet with,we must finish the task on time,since the opportunity is so valuable.
2.Mother suggests that I should collect the old clothes and give them to whoever needs them.
3.No matter when you pick something up,you should turn it to the owner at once.
4.There is no person in the world who can do whatever to please him.
[归纳用法]
一、“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的相同点
“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”都可以引导让步状语从句,均表示“无论;不管”,可互换。
(=No matter what) happens,we will not change our mind.
无论发生什么事,我们都不会改变想法。
(=No matter where) he is,he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
不管他在哪儿,早餐前都要去散步,这是他的习惯。
(= No matter how) hard he works,he finds it difficult to make ends meet.
无论他多么努力工作,他发现总是入不敷出。
[名师点津] however作连词时,也可以引导让步状语从句,后面常常接形容词或副词,即:however+形容词/副词+主语+谓语,有时也可以不接形容词或副词。另外,however还可以作副词,意为“然而”,不能引导让步状语从句。
二、“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的不同点
“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词+ever”既可以引导让步状语从句(此时可与“no matter+疑问词”互换),又可以引导名词性从句(此时不可与“no matter+疑问词”互换)。
(1)whoever引导名词性从句时,在从句中通常作主语,相当于anyone who。
wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.
谁想住旅馆,谁就得自己付钱。(主语从句,whoever在从句中作主语)
wants to stay in a hotel,he/she has to pay his/her own way.
无论谁想住宾馆,他/她必须自己付钱。(让步状语从句)
(2)whomever引导名词性从句时,在从句中通常作宾语,相当于anyone whom。但是,在口语中,常用whoever代替whomever。
You may invite you like to the party.
你可以邀请任何你喜欢的人参加这个派对。(宾语从句,在从句中whomever作动词like的宾语)
you like,you can invite him/her to the party.
无论你喜欢谁,你都可以邀请他/她来参加这个派对。(让步状语从句)
(3)whatever引导名词性从句时,相当于anything that,在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语;作“无论什么样的”讲时,在句中作定语。
It's generally considered unwise to give a child he/she wants.
一个小孩想要什么就给他/她什么,一般被认为是不明智的。(宾语从句,在从句中whatever作动词wants的宾语)
he does has nothing to do with me.
他做的任何事都与我无关。(主语从句,在从句中whatever作动词does的宾语)
he says,she always thinks it right.
无论他说什么,她都认为是正确的。(让步状语从句)
(4)whichever引导名词性从句时,既可指人,又可指物,通常表示在一定的范围内进行选择。
of you gets here first will get the prize.
你们谁第一个到这儿,谁就获奖。(主语从句,whichever of you在从句中作主语)
of you gets here first,he/she will get the prize.
无论你们谁第一个到这里,他/她就获奖。(让步状语从句)
单元写作
写一篇生存故事
本单元的写作项目是写一篇生存故事,属于记叙文写作范畴。
[基本框架]
1.开头(the beginning)——引出故事;
2.主体(the middle)——具体过程;
3.结尾(the ending)——自我感受。
[常用词块]
1.set off for a place动身去一个地方
2.an unforgettable experience一次难忘的经历
3.look back on the past回首往事
4.remind me of the event让我想起那件事
5.show our determination 表明我们的决心
6.be worth having a try值得一试
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1.I did have an unforgettable experience when I was a child.当我还是孩子的时候,确实有一次难忘的经历。
2.The story reminded me of the own experience in an earthquake.这个故事让我想起了自己在一次地震中的经历。
★丰满主体
3.When I came to myself,I found I was lying in bed in hospital.当我苏醒的时候,我发现躺在医院的床上。
4.When I just went to the middle of the street,a car suddenly appeared and came directly toward me.
当我到了路中间的时候,一辆小汽车突然出现了,直接冲我来了。
5.Hearing the cry,I immediately rushed to the bank and jumped into the water without taking off my clothes.听到哭声,我立即冲到岸边,没脱衣服就跳进了水里。
★余味结尾
6.The girl's parents were very grateful to me and many people were greatly moved by my deeds.
女孩的父母非常感激我,许多人都被我的行为所感动。
例文
假如你是某中学高一学生赵明,不久前经历了一次地震,你和邻居一起救出了一个受困的人。请你根据下面四幅图片的顺序,写出事情的全过程。
注意:1.开头已给出,不计入总词数;
2.词数80左右。
提示词:锹,铲spade;担架stretcher
Last Saturday morning,a severe earthquake suddenly happened.
$